Concrete Pier Design2

ETHIOPIAN ROAD AUTHORITY DESIGN OF CONCRETE PIER
CHANHO-DERBA ROAD PROJECT (Sta.10+940)
Design of Concrete Pier
1.0 Design Data and Specefication.
Substructure type - RC Concrete Pier 145.0677
Concrete, fc'= 3481.6248 psi = 24.00 Mpa
fc= 1392.64992 psi = 9.60 Mpa
Ec= 3363301.8 psi = 23184.36 Mpa
Reinforcement Steel
Grade 60 fy= 60000 psi = 413.60 Mpa
fs= 24000 psi = 165.44 Mpa
Grade 40 fy= 40000 psi = 275.73 Mpa
fs= 20000 psi = 137.87 Mpa
Es= 29000000 psi = 199906.67 Mpa
Modular ratio n=Es/Ec= 8.62 take 9
Reference - AASHTO spec. for higway bridges (1996)
Foundation Data - Allowable Bearing Capacity = 6.00 KG/CM2
Design Method - Service Load Design Method
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS PLC 26 JAN.,2012

ETHIOPIAN ROAD AUTHORITY RC PIER DESIGN
CHANCHO-DERBA ROAD PROJECT Sta.10+940
2.0 Loading
2.10 Dead load
2.1.1 DL from superstructure
I) First/Shorter Span (12m RC T-Girder Bridge)
Span = 13.10 m
Slab th. = 0.22 m
Girder w. = 0.40 m Spacing = 2.6 m
Girder d. = 1.00 m(including slab)
Overhang length = 1.45 m
Rail, Depth = 0.70 m(sum if two rails) Width = 0.20
Post, Depth = 0.25 Width = 0.50 Spacing = 1.50
Height= 1.10 m
Curb, Height= 0.00 m av. Width = 0.28 m
Bearing Thickness = 0.043 m
Diaphragm at center Depth = 0.48 Width = 0.25 m

Diaphragm at end Depth = 0.48 Width = 0.25 m
a) Load of extereior girder per meter
Rail = 3.36 KN/m Diaphragm at ends = 1.85

Post = 2.20 KN/m Diaphragm at center = 1.98
Curb = 0.00 KN/m
Over Ha. Top = 7.66 KN/m
Over Han. botto = 0.00 KN/m
Girder = 9.60 KN/m
Interior Slab= 5.81 KN/m
Fillet = 0.12 KN/m
Total = 28.74 KN/m
Ra= 191.11 KN
Rb= 191.11 KN
b) Load of interior girder per meter
Slab= 13.728 KN/m

Girder= 7.488 KN/m Ra= 146.21 KN
Fillets= 0.24 KN/m
Total = 21.456 KN/m Rb= 146.21 KN
Diaphragm at ends= 3.696 KN
Diaphragm at center= 3.96 KN
II) Second/Longer Span (20m RC T-Girder Bridge)
Span = 21.20 m
Slab th. = 0.22 m
Girder w. = 0.40 m Spacing = 2.6 m
Girder d. = 1.85 m(including slab)
Overhang length = 1.45 m
Rail, Depth = 0.70 m(sum if two rails) Width = 0.20
Post, Depth = 0.25 Width = 0.50 Spacing = 1.50
Height= 1.10 m
Curb, Height= 0.00 m av. Width = 0.28 m
Bearing Thickness = 0.043 m
Diaphragm at center Depth = 1.33 Width = 0.25 m

Diaphragm at end Depth = 1.33 Width = 0.25 m
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS 2 JAN., 2012

a) Load of extereior girder per meter
Rail = 3.36 KN/m Diaphragm at ends = 7.46

Post = 2.20 KN/m Diaphragm at center = 7.59
Curb = 0.00 KN/m
Over Ha. Top = 7.66 KN/m
Over Han. botto = 0.00 KN/m
Girder = 17.76 KN/m
Interior Slab= 5.81 KN/m
Fillet = 0.12 KN/m
Total = 36.90 KN/m
Ra= 402.44 KN
Rb= 402.44 KN
b) Load of interior girder per meter
Slab= 13.728 KN/m

Girder= 15.648 KN/m Ra= 336.44 KN
Fillets= 0.24 KN/m
Total = 29.616 KN/m Rb= 336.44 KN
Diaphragm at ends= 14.916 KN
Diaphragm at center= 15.18 KN
LEFT T-GIRDER RIGHT T-GIRDER

Data 13.10 Span (m) 21.20 Span (m)
Exterior Interior Exterior Interior
X-sectional
(kN/m) 28.74 21.46 36.90 29.62
Diaphrams-
middle(No.) 1 1 1 1
(kN) 1.98 3.96 7.59 15.18
ends(kN) 1.85 3.70 7.46 14.92
Support
Reaction(kN) 191.11 146.21 402.44 336.44 1141.306
2.1.2) Dead Load of Substructure

Roadway G 2008.27 m
Footing Elev 1994.6 m
H = 11.731 m
P1(m)= 6.60 m
P2= 6.10 m
P3= 0.25 m
P4= 0.40 m
P5= 0.85 m
P6= 1.00 m
P7= 0.70 m
P8= 3.20 m
P9= 1.20 m
P10= 0.60 m
C1= 1.00 m
C2= 4.57 m
C3= 0.60 m
C4= 4.57 m
F1= 1.00 m
F2= 8.20 m
F3= 4.00 m
F4= 1.50 m
B1= 0.60 m
B2= 0.60 m

Weight of Pier Cap= 41.940 KN/m (W1)
Weight of column= 183.43 KN (One column only)
Weight of Bracing= 8.64 KN/m (W2)
Summary of dead loads from superstructure & substructure
From ext ger.of Longer sp= PEL
From int.ger.of Longer sp= PIL
Load from RC Slab = Ws
From int.ger.of Shorter sp= PIS
PEL= 402.4 KN
PIL= 336.44 KN
Load from PES= 191.11 KN
PIS= 146.21 KN
W1= 41.940
W2= 8.64
H1= 5.37
H2= 5.37
C= 1.2
S= 4.20
2.20 Live Loads
Live loading :- AASHTO standard HL-93 Truck
P= wheel load = 72.50 KN
I) Longitudinal Arrangement
Case 1. For Maximum Axial Load on Pier (Middle Axle near center of pier)

D= 0.60 m
Rp1= 1.797 P
Rp2= 0.179 P
Total axial load= 1.977 P = 143.30 KN
Moment about center of pier = 0.485 P = 35.187 KN.m
Case 2. For Maximum Moment (Load longer span only)
D= 0.60 m
Rp1= 1.946 P
Rp2= 0.00 P
Total axial load= 1.946 P 141.07 KN
Moment about center of pier = 0.584 P 42.32 KN
II) Transversal Arrangement

Case I. When only one track is on one side
P P
0.7 1.80 1.55
1.45 2.6m 2.6m 1.45

Ra Rb Ra
Ra= 1.885 P
Rb= 0.115 P
For maximum Rxn case(Case 1. Long. Arangement)
Ra= 3.725 P = 270.07 KN Mo(KNm)= 0.971 P = 70.37

Rb= 0.228 P = 16.53 KN
For maximum Moment case(Case 2. Long. Arangement)
Ra= 3.667 P = 265.86 KN Mo(KNm)= 1.167 P = 84.64

Rb= 0.225 P = 16.277 KN

Case II. When two tracks are shifted to one side
P P P P
0.7 1.80 1.20 1.80
1.45 2.6m 2.6m 1.45
Ra Rb Rc
Ra= 2.019 P
Rb= 0.981 P + 0.442 P = 1.42 P
Rc= 0.56 P = 0.56 P
For maximum Rxn case (Case 1. Long. Arangement)
Ra= 3.991 P = 289.36 KN Mo(KNm)= 1.941 P = 140.75

Rb= 2.813 P = 203.93 KN
Rc= 1.102 P = 79.92 KN
For maximum Moment case (Case 2. Long. Arangement)
Ra= 3.929 P = 284.85 KN Mo(KNm)= 2.335 P = 169.28

Rb= 2.769 P = 200.75 KN
Rc= 1.085 P = 78.67 KN
Case III. When two tracks are symmetrical with respect to center line of bridge
P P P P
1.80 1.20 1.80
1.45 2.6m 2.6m 1.45
Ra Rb Rc
Ra= 1.154 P
Rb= 0.846 P + 0.846 P = 1.692 P
Rc= 1.154 P = 1.154 P
For maximum Rxn case(Case 1. Long. Arangement)
Ra= 2.281 P = 165.35 KN Mo(KNm)= 140.75

Rb= 3.345 P = 242.51 KN
Rc= 2.281 P = 165.35 KN
For maximum Moment case(Case 2. Long. Arangement)
Ra= 2.245 P = 162.77 KN Mo(KNm)= 169.28

Rb= 3.293 P = 238.73 KN
Rc= 2.245 P = 162.77 KN

2) Lane Loading
a) Exterior Girder
Arrangement of lane load for maximum reaction on the Exterior girder
when only one lane is loaded
3.00
W=3.1KN/m
1.00
1.45 2.60 2.60 1.45

Re
8.10
Arrangement of lane load for maximum reaction on the Exterior girder
when only one lane is loaded
3.00 3.00
1.00 1.00
1.45 2.60 2.60 1.45

Re
8.10
Distributed lane load including multiple presence factor shall be computed as follows.
For one lane loaded case, Ra(1) = 3.1*3*(0.35+3/2)/2.6 = 6.617 KN/m W

Rb(1) = (3.1*3) - Ra(1) = 2.683 KN/m W
Rc(1) = 0.00 KN/m W
For two lane loade case, Ra(2) = 3.1*3*(0.35+3/2)/2.6 = 6.617 KN/m W

Rb(2) = 2*(3.10*3) - (Ra+Rc) = 5.365 KN/m W
Ra(2) = 3.1*3*(0.35+3/2)/2.6 = 6.617 KN/m W
The two lane loading case governs the design,
Case1. For Maximum Axial load:

W= 1.00 KN/m ( two lane loaded)
W=2*9.3KN/m
D
span span
RP1
RP2
Rp1= 10.600 KN/m-longer Moment(KNm)= 2.43 KNm

Rp2= 6.550 KN/m-shorter two lanes loaded
Summary of Loads
Distributed lane load including multiple presence factor shall be computed as follows.
For one lane loaded case, Ra(1)= 113.487 KN/m W

Rb(1)= 46.008 KN/m W
Rc = 0.000 KN/m W
For two lane loade case, Ra(2)= 113.487 KN/m W

Rb(2) = 92.02 KN/m W
Rc(2)= 113.487 KN/m W
The two lane loading case governs the design,
1) Maximum axial load

Lane + Truck from both spans = 156.40 KN= 25.64 KN/m
2) Maximum Moment: Distributed over the pier cap width
6.938 KNm/m
Eec entricity, e = 0.271 m

Impact First span I=50/(s+125) <= 30% s= 13.10 m

s= 42.98 ft
I= 0.2977
I= 29.77 %
Second span I= 0.2570 = 25.70 %

2.3 wind load
2.3.1 wind load on superstructure
a) Transverse direction
w= 50 lb/ft2 (Art.3.15.2.1.3)
w= 2.4 KN/m2 CHANGES IF THERE IS SKEWNESS
Exposed areas of the super structures,
Area Yi Ai*Yi
First Span Railing 4.62 1.79 8.28
Post 0.87 1.24 1.09
Sup. Str. 6.55 0.54 3.56
12.04 12.93
1.07 m
Second Span Railing 7.46 2.64 19.70
Post 1.41 2.09 2.96
Sup. Str. 19.61 0.97 18.98
28.48 41.64
1.46 m
40.52 54.57
Center of action above girder bottom of first Span = 1.35 m
FT first span = 28.83 KN FT second span = 68.18 KN
Transverse wind load on pier from super str. = 97.01 KN
b) Longitudinal direction
w= 12 lb/ft2
w= 0.57 KN/m2
FL first span = 6.92 KN FL sec. Span = 16.36 KN
Longitudinal wind load on pier from super str. = 23.28 KN
The longitudinal force is applied at same location as the transverse load.
2.3.2 wind load on live load
WL= 100 lb/ft

WL= 1.46 KN/m
Total length of span= 17.15 m

Transverse load = 25.01 KN
Center of action = 6 ft = 1.83 m above deck.
center of action above bottom of girder of first span = 3.68 m
WL= 40 lb/ft
WL= 0.58 KN/m
Longitudinal load = 10.00 KN

Center of action is simmilar to that of the transverse load.

2.3.3 Wind load on sub structure
WL= 40 lb/ft2
WL= 1.92 KN/m2
Wind load per linear meter of pier = 1.92 KN/m
on the pier cap w= 1.92 KN/m

on the bracing w= 1.15 KN/m
on the columns w= 1.92 KN/m
2.3.4 Force of Stream current on pier
As the piers are found on the banks of the river, this force shall be neglected.
2.3.5 Longitudinal Force(Breaking force).(Art. 3.9)
25% of the design truck

BrTr= 81.25 KN
25% OF the design tandem
BrTan= 55 KN
5% of design truck load and lane
BrTr_lane= 32.1995 KN
5% of design truck load and lane
BrTan_lane= 26.9495 KN
Use Br=max(BrTr,BrTan,BrTr_lanmBrTan_lane)= 81.25 KN

center of action 6ft above deck = 1.80
center of action above bottom og girder = 3.65 m
Uniform Load = 640 Lbs/ft = 9.33 KN/m

Concen. Force= 18000 Lbs = 80.064 KN
LF= 24.01 KN

3.0 Stability Analysis
Assume combined footing, length= 8.20 m

width= 4.00 m
depth= 1.00 m
3.1) Check for group I (DL + (LL+I))
Case 1 - When both superstructures are loaded
i) Dead loads, Superstructure First sp.= 528.44 KN

Sec. sp.= 1141.31 KN
Substructure Pier cap= 270.68 KN

Bracing = 27.65 KN
Column = 366.86 KN
Footing = 787.20 KN
Tot-sub= 1,452.39 KN
ii) Live load
P(KN) MT(KNM) ML(KNM)

Case I Max A.F Ra+Rb= 446.10 Ra*5.2/2+Rb*0.0/2= 997.24 0.363*P*2= 70.37
Max. Moment Ra+Rb= 441.63 Ra*5.2/2+Rb*0.0/2= 986.30 0.428*P*2= 84.64
Case II Max AF Ra to Rc= 892.19 544.54 0.363*P*3= 105.56

Max. Moment Ra to Rc= 963.18 (Ra-Rc)*2.6+(Rb)*0 = 1035.67 0.428*P*3= 126.96
Case III Max AF Ra to Rc= 972.11 0.00 0.363*P*3= 105.56

Max. Moment Ra to Rc= 963.18 (Ra-Rc)*2.6+(Rb)*0.0 = 0.00 0.428*P*3= 126.96
A) Stability against overturning
Overturning in the longitudinal direction about the toe,
Mresisting = Tot-sub*width/2+First sp*(width/2-0.25)+Sec.sp*(width/2+0.25)

Mresisting = 6397.4877 KNM
Mdriving = 126.96 KNM
S.F= 50.3895934 > 2.0 ok!
B) Stability against bearing pressure
Case I. a) Max Axial force case δall = 600.00 KN/m2
P total = 3887.22 et=MT/P = 0.256542751 smax=P/A[1+6et/L+6el/B)= 143.98 KN/m2

MT = 997.24 el=ML/P = 0.018103795
ML = 70.37 143.98 < Allowable bearing capacity.ok!

b) Max Moment case

MT = 986.30 el=ML/P = 0.021799043
ML = 84.64 144.249825 < Allowable bearing capacity.ok!
Case II. a) Max Axial force case

MT = 544.54 el=ML/P = 0.024360132
ML = 105.56 149.0885 < all. bearing cap. Ok!
b) Max Moment case

MT = 1035.67 el=ML/P = 0.028826477
ML = 126.96 163.18745 < all. bearing cap. Ok!
Case III - is safe and hence neglected since the loading is less than that of case II.
Since no horizontal force is applied stability against sliding is also safe!
Case 2 - When only one superstructures is loaded (Longer span)
Load from super str.= 1141.31 KN

Load from substructure= 1452.39 KN
Resisting Moment=sub. Str*width/2 = 2904.78673 KNM
Driving Moment = super str.* 0.25 = 285.3266 KNM
S.F= 10.18 >2, OK!
B) Stability ageanest bearing pressure
P total = 2912.69 KN e= 0.09795983

Moment = 285.3266 KNM
smax=P/A[1+6e/B)= 101.85 Safe !
3.2) Check for group IA (DL + 2*(LL+I))
Take 150% - percentage of basic unit stress

Case 1 - When both superstructures are loaded
Dead load Sup. Str. 1st span = 528.44 KN

2nd span = 1141.31 KN
Sub Str. = 1452.39 KN
Live load Two times that of group I
P(KN) MT(KNM) ML(KNM)

Case I Max AF 2(Ra+Rb)= 892.19215 1994.47676 140.7469034
Max. Moment 2(Ra+Rb)= 883.25887 1972.59023 169.2806604
Case II Max AF 2(Ra+Rb)= 1784.3843 1089.08408 211.120355

Max. Moment 2(Ra+Rb)= 1926.3529 2071.33728 253.9209906
Mresisting = 6397.4877
Mdriving = 253.92099
S.F= 25.1947967 > 2.0 ok!
B) Stability against bearing pressure
Case I. a) Max Axial force case
P total = 4333.32 et=MT/P = 0.46026559 smax=P/A[1+6et/L+6el/B)= 183.04

MT = 1994.47676 el=ML/P = 0.032480176
ML = 140.746903 183.04 < 1.5 * all. Bear. Cap Ok!
b) Max Moment case

MT = 1972.59023 el=ML/P = 0.039145614
ML = 169.28066 183.59 < 1.5*all. Bear. Cap Ok!
Case II. a) Max Axial force case

MT = 1089.08408 el=ML/P = 0.040401872
ML = 211.120355 193.26465 < 1.5*all. Bear. Cap Ok!
Case 2 - When only one superstructure is placed
No live load exists and hence it is safe as seen for group I loading.
3.3) Check for group III (DL+(LL+I)+0.3W+WL+LF)
Take - 125% basic unit stress

Case 1 - when both super structures are placed
a. Dead load 3122.13 KN
b. Live load + impact

a b
Case I P 446.10 441.63
MT 997.24 986.30
ML 70.37 84.64
Case II P 892.19 963.18

MT 544.54 1035.67
ML 105.56 126.96
c. Wind load on Structure (W)
On Super Structure
FTw = 97.01 KN MTw= 1268.68 KNM
FLw= 23.28 KN MLw= 304.48 KNM
On Sub Structure
FTw= 44.94 MTw= 263.57634 KNM
Longitudinal force
Force Arm Mom
Pier cap 12.64 10.2313 129.32691
Bracing 3.677 4.86565 17.89189
Column 37.27 4.86565 181.36599
FLw= 53.59 MLw= 328.58479
Total FTw = 141.94 KN MTw= 1532.26 KNM

FLw= 76.87 KN MLw= 633.07 KNM
d. Wind load on live load
FTwl = 25.01 MTwl= 385.41302

FLw l= 10.00 MLwl= 154.16521
e. Longitudinal force
Flf = 81.25 KN Mlf = 1249.7306

Mres = 6397.4877 KNM
M driving = MLL+0.3Mw+Mwl+Mlf = 1699.37646
S.F= 3.76 > 2 Ok!

B) Stability against bearing
Case I a) Max Axial force case
P total = 3585.38
Mt live L = 997.24
ML LL = 70.37
MT total =Mt LL+0.3Mtw+Mtwl = 1842.33
ML total=Mldl+MLll+0.3MLw+MLwl+MLlf = 1510.97194
el= 0.4214258 et= 0.513844557
smax=P/A[1+6et/L+6el/B)= 219.5086651 < 1.25*all bear. Cap Ok!
b) Max Moment case
P total = 3580.91
Mt live L = 986.30
ML LL = 84.64
el= 0.4259356 et= 0.511429502
Case II a) Max Axial force case
P total = 4031.48
Mt live L = 544.54
ML LL = 105.56
el= 0.3835216 et= 0.344695543
b) Max Moment case

P total = 4102.46
Mt live L = 1035.67
ML LL = 126.96
el= 0.3821021 et= 0.458446428
C) Stability against Sliding
FT driving = 0.3Ftw + Ftwl = 67.59 KN
FL driving = 0.3Flw + FLwl + FLlf = 114.32 KN
Fdriv. resultant = 132.81 KN
Fresisting = SUM V*tan f
Friction angle = 35 degrees (Table 5.5.2B)
Friction factor = 0.70
Sum V = 3209.66
F res = 2245.94603
S.F = 16.91 > 1.5 OK!
3.4 Check for group II (DL+W)
Case 1. Both superstructure placed
Dead L = 3122.13 Mom. Arm = 2m
M res = 6244.26993
M driving = MLw = 633.07
S.F = 9.86 > 2 Ok!

Case 2. Only one superstructure is placed
Dead L = 2593.70 Mresisting= 5187.39953
M driving = MLw = 551.19 KNM
S.F = 9.41 > 2 Ok!
Case 3. No superstructure is placed
Dead L = 1452.39 M resist = 2904.78673
M driving = MLw = 328.584788
S.F = 8.84 > 2 Ok!

ETHIOPIAN ROAD AUTHORITY RC PIER DESIGN Sta.
CHANCHO-DERBA ROAD PROJECT 10+940
SUMMERY OF LOADS
DL(Lt.Sup.) 191.11 146.21 191.11
DL(Rt.Sup.) 402.44 336.44 402.44

LL (HL-93) FLLRt FLLCt FLLLt FWLt= 25.01 FWLl= 10.00 FLF= 81.25
LL(Overload) FOLRt FOLCt FOLLt FWt= 97.01 FWl= 23.28
m a a= 2.6 3.68
41.94 1.35
MLONGT
MTRANS
4.11 4.11
5.37
0
FWl= 1.92 (PIER CAP)

1.15 (bracing)
1.92 (COLUMN)
FWt= 1.92 FWt= 1.92 5.37
Fst= 0.00 Fst= 0.00
1.20 4.20 1.2
FRt(kN) FCt (kN) FLt (kN) MTRANS.(kN/m) MLONGT. (kN/m)

(HL-93+ case I: a) 340.21 70.14 44.97 28.44 0.00 0.00 997.24 91.19 70.37 11.30
Lane L) / b) 336.00 70.14 44.71 28.44 0.00 0.00 986.30 91.19 84.64 11.30
Lane Load case II: a) 359.50 70.14 260.80 56.87 235.49 70.14 544.54 0.00 105.56 1.22
b) 354.99 70.14 257.62 56.87 232.91 70.14 1035.67 0.00 126.96 1.22
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS PLC 17 JAN., 2012

ETHIOPIAN ROAD AUTHORITY RC Pier Footing Design
RC FOOTING DESIGN FOR COLUMN PIER
Loading Case Summery Table. 1.1

Right leg Left Leg
Group Fy(kN) Mx(kNm) Mz(kNm) Fy(kN) Mx(kNm) Mz(kNm) 0.115214
17 I 2798.32 -638.99 18.19 1683.92 -638.04 -10.00

IV 2606.90 -510.22 -13.61 1893.31 -509.26 -5.42
Allowable Bearing Capacity = 6 kg/cm2 = 600.00 kN/m2
Design Constants
Concrete- Class "A" Concrete
f'c= 3481.1 psi = 24.00 Mpa
fc= 1392.44 (0.4*f'c) = 9.60 Mpa
Reinforcement- Grade 60 Steel
fy= 60000 psi = 400.00 Mpa
fs= 24000 " 165.46 "
Reinforcement- Grade 40 Steel
fy= 40000 psi = 276 Mpa

fs= 20000 " 137.89 "
for n= 9
k=nfc/(nfc+fs)= 0.343
j=1-k/3= 0.886
R=0.5*fc*j*k= 1458.31 kN/m2
FyR x R FyL
4.20
f(m)= 1.00 D=
x 1.00
Core Consulting Engineers 18 JAN., 2012

1.00
B C
X
W=
Z 4.5
A D
B= 8.2
Self Weight Footng W (kN)= 885.6
Location of Resultant R & Eccentricity e
Group I V
x(m)= 1.580 1.76
ex(m)= -0.520 -0.34 < B/6 OK!
ez(m)= 0.285 0.23 < W/6 OK!
smax= 145.351 154.03 < sall OK!
Design Load = 154.03 kN/m2

ex = -0.266 m ez= 0.297 m åV=Fy1(I)+Fy4 (I)+W= 5367.84 kN
sA=åV/A(1-6*ex/B+6*ez/W)= 231.39 kN/m2

sB=åV/A(1-6*ex/B-6*ez/W)= 116.18 "
sC=åV/A(1+6*ex/B-6*ez/W)= 59.55 "
sD=åV/A(1+6*ex/B+6*ez/W)= 174.76 "
Depth Determination
1. Punching Shear (Art. 8.15.5.6.2)
v=V/bo*d bo=p(f+d)
design shear stress v < vcp=(0.80+2/bc)Öf'c£1.80Öf'c
bc -ratio of long side to short side of concentrated load= 1
(0.80+2/bc)= 2.8 > 1.8 take 1.8

f'c= 3481.1 psi
vcp= 106.20 psi = 732.19 kN/m2
Vact=Pcol-Psoil= 2345.83 kN where Pcol= 2798.32 kN

trial d= 0.934 m
Vres=vcp*bo*d= 4155.03 Vres ³ Vact OK!

davil=D-F/2-CLR CR= 0.935 m davil ³ d OK!
2. Wide Beam Shear

a. In the Short Direction
s1=åP/A(1 + 6*ez/W)= 203.08 kN/m2 d

s2=åP/A(1 - 6*ez/W)= 87.86 "
trial d= 0.935 m
s3= 182.21 s1 s3 s2
Vact= 1287.43 kN
vcb=0.95Öf'c= 56.05 psi = 386.43 kN/m2
Vres=vcb*B*d= 2962.769 kN Vres ³ Vact OK!
b. In the Long Direction

FyR= 2798.32 FyL= 1683.92
2 MzL= 18.18653 MzR= -10.0008
q2 q3
q4 q1
q1=s1*W=åP/A(1 + 6*ex/B)*W= 440.22 kN/m q3= 601.11 kN/m
q2=s2*W=åP/A(1 - 6*ex/B)*W= 653.00 " q4= 492.122
Shear Force and Bending Moment along the longer (Transverrsal) direction of Footing
751.57
1254.11
2 2.83 1.37 2 SFD
-932.35
-1544.21

945.30
BMD
-1254.11 428.6096
-1235.92 418.6088
Vmax= 1544.21 kN corresponding triangle leg = 1.25
Vact= -228.54 kN trial d = 0.935 m
Vres=vcb*W*d= 1625.91 kN
Vres ³ Vact OK!
3. Flexure
a. In the Short Direction
Using F = 30 mm and
Clear cover = 50 mm
davil=D-F/2-CLR CR= 0.935 m
beff=coln width+2(1/2*d)= 1.94 m
Loading
FyR= 2798.32 MxR= 638.98952 FyL= 1683.92 MxR= 638.045
Right Left
ez(m)= 0.2283 0.3789 1.75
smax=Fy/beff*W(1 + 6*ez/W)= 419.21 291.09
smin=Fy/beff*W(1 - 6*ez/W)= 223.52 95.69
qmax=smax*beff= 811.18 kN/m qmax q1= 567.72 qmin

qmin=smin*beff= 185.15 " 811.18 185.15
Mx-x= 1117.85 kNm
d=ÖMx-x/R*beff= 0.63 m davil ³ d OK!

b. In the Long Direction
Mmax= 1235.92 kNm
davil=D-3F/2-CLR CR= 0.905 m
d=ÖMmax/R*W= 0.43 m davil ³ d OK!
Reinforcement
Short Direction - (bottom)
M= 1117.85 kNm d= 0.935 m
As=M/fsjd*beff= 4216.23 mm2/m
spacing S=as/As= 167.65 mm
Use F 30 mm @ 20 cm for width= beff
Use As,min=0.002*1000*d= 1870 mm2/m S = 378.00 mm
Use F 30 mm @ 30 cm for the rest
Top :- temperature & shrinkage (Art.8.20.1)
As=1/8 in2/ft=2.65 cm2/m

Using F =12 mm S= 42.64 cm
Use F 12 mm @ 30 cm
Long Direction - (top)
M= 945.30 kNm d= 0.905 m
As= 869.24 mm2/m
As,min= 1810 mm2/m S= 390.53 mm
Use F 30 mm @ 30.00 cm
Bottom :-
M= 1235.92 kNm d= 0.905 m
As= 2070.91 mm2/m S= 341.33 mm
Use F 30 mm @ 30 cm

1 1 DEAD LOAD 389.144
2 DEAD LOAD LEFT 397
3 DEAD LOAD LEFT AND RIGHT 683.95
4 LIVE LOAD CASE1-A 586.777
5 LIVE LOAD CASE1-B 576.089
7 LIVE LOAD CASE-2-B 584.762
8 WIND LOAD ON LIVE VEHICLE 56.88
9 WIND LOAD ON STRUCTURES 176.512
10 1.25(DD+DDL)+1.75*(LL-CASE-1-A)) 2009.538
11 1.25*(DD+DDL)+1.75(LL-CASE-1-B) 1990.835
12 1.25(DD+DDL)+1.75(LL-CASE-2-A) 2018.477
13 1.25(DD+DDL)+1.75(LL-CASE2-B) 2006.014
14 1.25(DD+DDLR)+1.75(LL-CASE-1-A) 2368.226
15 1.25(DD+DDLR)+1.75(LL-CASE-1-B) 2349.523
16 1.25(DD+DDLR)+1.75(LL-CASE-2-A) 2377.165
17 1.25(DD+DDLR)+1.75(LL-CASE-2-B) 2364.701
18 1.25(DD+DDL)+1.35(CASE-1-A)+1.0(WA&WLL)+0.5*(WS) 1919.963
19 CASE1B 1905.535
20 CASE2-A-LEFT 1926.859
21 CASE-2-B-LEFT 1917.244
22 CASE-1-A-LR 2278.651
23 CASE-1-B-LR 2264.223
24 CASE-2-A-LR 2285.546
25 CASE-2-B-LR 2275.932
4 1 DEAD LOAD 389.144
2 DEAD LOAD LEFT 397
3 DEAD LOAD LEFT AND RIGHT 683.95
4 LIVE LOAD CASE1-A -157.067
5 LIVE LOAD CASE1-B -154.249
7 LIVE LOAD CASE-2-B 111.808
8 WIND LOAD ON LIVE VEHICLE -56.88
9 WIND LOAD ON STRUCTURES -176.512
10 1.25(DD+DDL)+1.75*(LL-CASE-1-A)) 707.813
11 1.25*(DD+DDL)+1.75(LL-CASE-1-B) 712.744
12 1.25(DD+DDL)+1.75(LL-CASE-2-A) 1187.877
13 1.25(DD+DDL)+1.75(LL-CASE2-B) 1178.343
14 1.25(DD+DDLR)+1.75(LL-CASE-1-A) 1066.501
15 1.25(DD+DDLR)+1.75(LL-CASE-1-B) 1071.431
16 1.25(DD+DDLR)+1.75(LL-CASE-2-A) 1546.564
17 1.25(DD+DDLR)+1.75(LL-CASE-2-B) 1537.03
18 1.25(DD+DDL)+1.35(CASE-1-A)+1.0(WA&WLL)+0.5*(WS) 625.504
19 CASE1B 629.308
20 CASE2-A-LEFT 995.839
21 CASE-2-B-LEFT 988.484
22 CASE-1-A-LR 984.192
23 CASE-1-B-LR 987.995
24 CASE-2-A-LR 1354.526
25 CASE-2-B-LR 1347.172
-176.512
-176.512
0 -2.14
0 -1.343
0 -2.406
-187.991 -25.299
-222.009 -24.847
-193.156 -21.031
-333.014 -20.986
59.757 -66.075
395.58 -253.797
-328.984 -48.627
-388.516 -47.836
-338.023 -41.159
-582.774 -41.08
-328.984 -49.956
-388.516 -49.165
-338.023 -42.487
-582.774 -42.408
3.759 -231.482
-42.166 -230.872
-3.214 -225.721
-192.022 -225.659
3.759 -232.81
-42.166 -232.2
-3.214 -227.049
-192.022 -226.988
0 2.14
0 1.343
0 2.406
-187.991 -5.281
-222.009 -5.183
-193.156 -0.139
-333.014 -0.126
59.757 -67.629
395.58 -254.814
-328.984 -4.888
-388.516 -4.716
-338.023 4.111
-582.774 4.133
-328.984 -3.559
-388.516 -3.388
-338.023 5.44
-582.774 5.462
3.759 -197.811
-42.166 -197.679
-3.214 -190.869
-192.022 -190.852
3.759 -196.483
-42.166 -196.351
-3.214 -189.541
-192.022 -189.524
395.58 5.462
-582.774 5.462
2377.165 -338.023 -42.487

1546.564 -338.023 5.44
176.512 395.58 -253.797

-176.512 395.58 -254.814
1537.03 -582.774 5.462

5.462

Concrete Pier Design2

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Concrete Pier Design2

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ETHIOPIAN ROAD AUTHORITY DESIGN OF CONCRETE PIER

CHANHO-DERBA ROAD PROJECT (Sta.10+940)

Design of Concrete Pier

1.0 Design Data and Specefication.

Substructure type - RC Concrete Pier 145.0677

Concrete, fc'= 3481.6248 psi = 24.00 Mpa

fc= 1392.64992 psi = 9.60 Mpa

Ec= 3363301.8 psi = 23184.36 Mpa

Grade 60 fy= 60000 psi = 413.60 Mpa

fs= 24000 psi = 165.44 Mpa

Grade 40 fy= 40000 psi = 275.73 Mpa

fs= 20000 psi = 137.87 Mpa

Es= 29000000 psi = 199906.67 Mpa

Modular ratio n=Es/Ec= 8.62 take 9

Reference - AASHTO spec. for higway bridges (1996)

Foundation Data - Allowable Bearing Capacity = 6.00 KG/CM2

Design Method - Service Load Design Method

CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS PLC 26 JAN.,2012

2.10 Dead load

2.1.1 DL from superstructure

I) First/Shorter Span (12m RC T-Girder Bridge)

Diaphragm at center Depth = 0.48 Width = 0.25 m

a) Load of extereior girder per meter

Rail = 3.36 KN/m Diaphragm at ends = 1.85

b) Load of interior girder per meter

Slab= 13.728 KN/m

II) Second/Longer Span (20m RC T-Girder Bridge)

Diaphragm at center Depth = 1.33 Width = 0.25 m

CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS 2 JAN., 2012

a) Load of extereior girder per meter

Rail = 3.36 KN/m Diaphragm at ends = 7.46

b) Load of interior girder per meter

Slab= 13.728 KN/m

LEFT T-GIRDER RIGHT T-GIRDER

2.1.2) Dead Load of Substructure

CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS 3 JAN., 2012

Weight of Pier Cap= 41.940 KN/m (W1)

Weight of column= 183.43 KN (One column only)

Weight of Bracing= 8.64 KN/m (W2)

Summary of dead loads from superstructure & substructure

From ext ger.of Longer sp= PEL

From int.ger.of Longer sp= PIL

Load from RC Slab = Ws

From int.ger.of Shorter sp= PIS

Load from PES= 191.11 KN

Live loading :- AASHTO standard HL-93 Truck

P= wheel load = 72.50 KN

CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS 4 JAN., 2012

Total axial load= 1.977 P = 143.30 KN

Moment about center of pier = 0.485 P = 35.187 KN.m

Case 2. For Maximum Moment (Load longer span only)

Total axial load= 1.946 P 141.07 KN

Moment about center of pier = 0.584 P 42.32 KN

II) Transversal Arrangement

0.7 1.80 1.55

1.45 2.6m 2.6m 1.45

For maximum Rxn case(Case 1. Long. Arangement)

Ra= 3.725 P = 270.07 KN Mo(KNm)= 0.971 P = 70.37

For maximum Moment case(Case 2. Long. Arangement)

Ra= 3.667 P = 265.86 KN Mo(KNm)= 1.167 P = 84.64

CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS 5 JAN., 2012

Case II. When two tracks are shifted to one side

0.7 1.80 1.20 1.80

1.45 2.6m 2.6m 1.45

For one lane loaded case, Ra(1) = 3.13(0.35+3/2)/2.6 = 6.617 KN/m W

For two lane loade case, Ra(2) = 3.13(0.35+3/2)/2.6 = 6.617 KN/m W

Case II Max AF Ra to Rc= 892.19 544.54 0.363P3= 105.56

Case III Max AF Ra to Rc= 972.11 0.00 0.363P3= 105.56

Mresisting = Tot-subwidth/2+First sp(width/2-0.25)+Sec.sp*(width/2+0.25)