TABLE OF CONTENTS

EDUCATION ....................................................................................................... 3
FAMILY ............................................................................................................ 28
ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................ 46
ANIMALS ......................................................................................................... 58
MEDIA ............................................................................................................. 62
TECHNOLOGY .................................................................................................. 73
CRIME .............................................................................................................. 81
GLOBALIZATION .............................................................................................. 90
HISTORY........................................................................................................... 93
HEALTH ............................................................................................................ 97
GOVERNMENT ACTS ...................................................................................... 100
SPORTS .......................................................................................................... 103
ENTERTAINMENT........................................................................................... 108
Video games ............................................................................................... 108
Movies ........................................................................................................ 109
Hobbies ....................................................................................................... 111
Music .......................................................................................................... 112
Festivals ...................................................................................................... 117
SOCIAL PROBLEMS ........................................................................................ 119
HAPPINESS..................................................................................................... 123
WORK ............................................................................................................ 125
FINANCE, MONEY, BUSINESS ......................................................................... 132

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 EDUCATION
1. MIỄN HỌC PHÍ

= abolish tuition fees = waive tuition

= cover higher education tuition
= tuition waiver (1 dạng học bổng) (n) miễn học phí
= free-college policy (n) chính sách miễn học phí đại học
= provision of free-of-charge education
= pursue college without fee

= be entitled to free university

= subsidize college education: hỗ trợ học phí đại học
= wholly subsidize tertiary education
= make university free of charge
= abolition of university tuition: miễn học phí đại học

2. TIỂU HỌC: elementary/primary/grade school

ĐẠI HỌC: University education = higher education = college = tertiary education

= educational institution (cơ sở giáo dục, có thể là mẫu giáo hoặc tiểu học đến đại
học)

BẰNG ĐẠI HỌC: University degree = bachelor’s degree = college qualification =

tertiary
degree

SINH VIÊN TỐT NGHIỆP: job seekers with college qualifications = university
graduates = bachelor’s degree holders = the acquisition of a tertiary degree
>< people without any qualifications

Undergraduates
New graduates/ Recent graduates
Postgraduate: học viên cao học
Doctorate: bằng tiến sĩ

HỌC: attend / pursue/ study

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 Pursue college = embark on higher education (bắt đầu việc học đại học) = enroll in
university

FORMAL SCHOOLING: giáo dục chính quy, trường lớp chính quy
GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE: tổng tỉ lệ nhập học

3. TRƯỜNG HỌC 1 HOẶC 2 GIỚI

● Separate schools
= single-sex schools/education
= single-gender schools/education: trường 1 giới

● mixed schools
= mixed-sex schools/education
= mixed-gender schools/education = integrated schools/education
= co-ed schools/education: trường 2 giới

send sb to. ....... đưa ai đó tới đâu

study at ....school = enter...education =choose...school: học tại đâu

o opposite-sex classmates: bạn khác giới

o explore each other’s perspectives, their similarities, and differences: khám
phá sự khác nhau/giống nhau và quan điểm của người khác
dismiss gender misconceptions
have an insight into co-existence and gender equality
be in an environment that mirrors the real world more confident to express their
views in the presence of the opposite sex + learn to treat others with respect

4. GIỚI TÍNH VÀ GIÁO DỤC

<< dựa vào giới tính để nhập học sao cho cân bằng>>

Men and women should have the same educational opportunities

= the selection of university students should be based on merits << dựa trên
thành tích>>

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 5. CÂN BẰNG TỈ LỆ GIỚI TÍNH Ở TRƯỜNG HỌC

Accept equal numbers of male and female students

= accept equal proportions of each gender
= have the same number of men and women on all degree courses
= a university: fill courses with equal numbers of males and females
= to aim for equal proportions
= to base admission to university courses on gender
= a selection procedure based on gender

6. CÂN BẰNG GIỚI TÍNH Ở TRƯỜNG LÀ KO KHẢ THI

Adj: be simply unrealistic/ be not practical / be difficult to V/ be impractical

and unfair
● Many courses: more popular with one gender than the other
→ NURSING COURSES: attract more female applicants

● A female student: be the best candidate for a place on a course → it is

surely wrong to reject her in favor of a male student with lower grades +
fewer qualifications

7. TÌM VIỆC LÀM ĐỐI VỚI SINH VIÊN (job seekers)

● Employment opportunities
● Establish sb’s career path
● Have a financially viable career: make a lot of money

*Mặt tích cực của việc nhiều sinh viên có bằng đại học

ON INDIVIDUAL LEVEL: Stand a better chance of [getting a high-paying job/ landing

higher-paid jobs/ finding well-remunerated work] + bettering their life quality
=> A more educated workforce
=> The financial abundance

ON SOCIETAL LEVEL: a surge in the gross enrollment rate a more educated workforce
A precursor to a thriving economy + a civilized society

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*Mặt tiêu cực của việc nhiều sinh viên có bằng đại học

An increasingly competitive labor market → no longer feasible for sb to find a job

The larger influx of graduates into the labor market → rising youth unemployment
miễn học phí là COUNTER-PRODUCTIVE to job guarantee.

-Firms: increasingly look beyond the technical expertise ( chuyên môn thuần túy) and
qualifications of applicants
-Employers: attach greater importance to/ place heavy emphasis on attributes like
ADAPTABILITY/ CREATIVITY/ COLLABORATIVE SKILLS

8. TỔN HẠI NGÂN SÁCH NHÀ NƯỚC

The enormous cost incurred to cover st:
=> PUT A STRAIN ON GOVERNMENT COFFERS (plural: kho bạc nhà nước)
=> leading to BUDGET DEFICITS, TAX HIKES (= tax increase), or REDUCED WELFARE

9. THÀNH TÍCH HỌC TẬP TỐT/ KÉM

HIGH-PERFORMING STUDENTS = TOP STUDENTS
* Attain better academic results ● Lead to deteriorating / poor + academic
● Make significant academic progress performance
● Improve students’ academic ● Be indifferent to their study: thờ ơ với
performance việc học của mình
● Be inclined to study in earnest: có ● Lose their drive to work hard: mất động
khuynh hướng làm gì rất nghiêm túc lực để làm việc chăm chỉ
[[[ note: be inclined to V = be likely to V]]] ● Skip class/ miss exams
● Apply themselves to getting good
grades: chuyên tâm fall behind in their study
face peer pressure → drain their self-
để đạt được điểm tốt confidence

resume their education

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10. 1 NĂM KHÔNG HỌC
Take a gap year (v) = gap-year taker (n)= spare several months (v)
= defer university enrollment (to travel or work)
● Defer doing st: delay st until a later time
= delay tertiary education for one year
= have a long-year break prior to embarking on higher education
= HAVE A BREAK (nghỉ ngơi) from studying after graduating from high school
= TAKING TIME OFF at the important age

11. TRẢI NGHIỆM NHỮNG THỨ MỚI MẺ

● Afford sb time to travel + immerse themselves in alien cultures

=> enrich their life experiences + hone practical skills
[[[note: Afford sb st = provide sb st]]]
Ex. Living abroad: + adapt quickly to their independent life
+ pick up new foreign languages

=> have a broader view of life and better personal resources to

draw on (có cái nhìn mở hơn về cuộc sống rộng và kinh nghiệm cá nhân
tốt hơn để dựa vào). => giving them an advantage in terms of COPING
WITH THE CHALLENGES OF STUDENT LIFE

as a by-product, sb become very knowledgeable about st

=> BROADEN THEIR HORIZONS

[[ note: draw on: use a supply of st that is available to u]]

12. THEO ĐUỔI CON ĐƯỜNG SỰ NGHIỆP

Pursue career path
Work commitment: tinh thần Trách nhiệm, tận tâm với công việc
Have time for establishing sb’s career + financial stability

13. NGHỈ HỌC 1 NĂM THÌ KHÁ KHÓ ĐỂ QUAY LẠI

Young adults: + end up never returning to their studies
+ Find it difficult to re-adapt to an academic environment
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