Patinga, Christine Mae V.

BSEDSCI 14 – A
Give the origin, insertion and action of the following:
Facial muscles Muscles of Mastication
Masseter
ORIGIN:
Zygomatic arch
INSERTION:
Lateral surface of mandibular ramus and angle
ACTION:
Elevates and protracts mandible

Temporalis
ORIGIN:
Temporal lines
INSERTION:
Coronoid process of mandible
ACTION:
Elevates and retracts mandible

Lateral pterygoid
ORIGIN:
Pterygoid process of sphenoid
INSERTION:
Mandibular condyle
ACTION:
Protracts the mandible; mandibular excursion (side to
side movement)

Medial pterygoid
ORIGIN:
Pterygoid process of sphenoid
INSERTION:
Medial surface of mandibular ramus
ACTION:
Elevates and protracts the mandible; mandibular
excursion (side to side movement)

Muscles of Facial Expression

Epicranius
ORIGIN:
Frontal belly- epicranial aponerosis
Occipital belly- occiptal & temporal bone
INSERTION:
Frontal belly- eyebrow & root of nose
Occipital belly- epicranial aponeurosis
ACTION:
Suprise!!!! Forward and backward movement of the
scalp, raises the eyebrows, forms horizontlal frown
lines in forehead.

Orbicularis Oculi
ORIGIN:
Orbital rim, frontal & maxillary bones
INSERTION:
Continues around the orbit and returns to origin
ACTION:
Closes eyelid. Contracts the skin around the eye

Corrugator Supercilii
ORIGIN:
Frontal bone- bridge of the nose, runds laterally and
superiorly
INSERTION:
Lateral portion of the eyebrow
ACTION:
Frowning! PUlls eyebrows medially and inferiorly

Muscles of smiling
Alaeque Nasi
ORIGIN:
Frontal process of Maxilla
INSERTION:
Skin tissue of Ala of the nose & the upper lip
ACTION:
Elevates upper lip, elevates ala of nose, dilates nostrils,
sneering, flaring nostrils

Obicularis Oris
ORIGIN:
Encirle mouth
INSERTION:
Angle of mouth
ACTION:
Closing or pursing lips.

Buccinator
ORIGIN:
Maxilla, mandible, & pterygomandibular raphe
INSERTION:
Angle of the mouth; orbicularis oris at corners of
mouth
ACTION:
Chewing; compresses cheek, helps keep food on the
occlusal surface of the teeth.

Risorius
ORIGIN:
Fascia superficeal to masseter muscle, soft tissue near
the angle of the mandible; runs forward on the surface
of the buccinator
INSERTION:
Angle of mouth; into the corners of the mouth
ACTION:
Aids in smiling; smiling widely

Zygomaticus Major
ORIGIN:
Zygomatic bone
INSERTION:
Angle of the mouth
ACTION:
Smiling, elevates the corners of the mouth

Zygomaticus Minor
ORIGIN:
Zygomatic bone
INSERTION:
Upper lip
ACTION:
Elevates the upper lip

Levator Anguli Oris

ORIGIN:
Maxilla; just below the infraorbital foramen
INSERTION:
Angle of mouth
ACTION:
Smiling; pulls angles of the mouth upward and
somewhat toward the midline

Muscles of frowning
 Depressor Anguli Oris
ORIGIN:
Mandible
INSERTION:
Angle of mouth
ACTION:
Frowning; pulls the corners of the mouth downward

Depressor Labii Inferioris

ORIGIN:
Mandible; just above the inferior border of the
mandible
INSERTION:
Lower lip more towards the middle
ACTION:
Pulls lower lip down. Pouting!!!!!

Mentalis
ORIGIN:
Mandible; anterior surface of the mandible beneath the
mandibular incisors
INSERTION:
Into the skin of the chin
ACTION:
Raising chin & protruding lower lip

Platysma
ORIGIN:
Clavicle & shoulder
INSERTION:
Mandible & muscles of the mouth
ACTION:
Grimace! Pulls down corners of the mouth

Mastication muscles Masseter

ORIGIN:
Zygomatic arch
INSERTION:
Lateral surface of mandibular ramus and angle
ACTION:
Elevates and protracts mandible

Temporalis
ORIGIN:
Temporal lines
 INSERTION:
Coronoid process of mandible
ACTION:
Elevates and retracts mandible

Lateral pterygoid
ORIGIN:
Pterygoid process of sphenoid
INSERTION:
Mandibular condyle
ACTION:
Protracts the mandible; mandibular excursion (side to
side movement)

Medial pterygoid
ORIGIN:
Pterygoid process of sphenoid
INSERTION:
Medial surface of mandibular ramus
ACTION:
Elevates and protracts the mandible; mandibular
excursion (side to side movement)

Tongue and swallowing Styloglossus

muscles ORIGIN:
Styloid process of temporal bone
INSERTION:
Lateral surface of: body apex
ACTION:
Retracts tongue

Genioglossus
ORIGIN:
Genial tubercle of mandible
INSERTION:
Ventral surface of apex of tongue some of hyoid bone
ACTION:
Protrudes tongue and depresses parts

Hypoglossus
ORIGIN:
Hyoid bone
INSERTION:
Lateral surface of tongue
ACTION:
 Depresses tongue

Superior longitudinal
ORIGIN:
Base tongue
INSERTION:
Apex of tongue
ACTION:
Shorten and thicken tongue

Inferior longitudinal
ORIGIN:
Base tongue
INSERTION:
Apex of tongue
ACTION:
Shorten and thicken tongue

Transverse
ORIGIN:
Medial septum of tongue
INSERTION:
Lateral surface of the body of the tongue
ACTION:
Lengthen and narrow tongue

Vertical
ORIGIN:
Base of the tongue
INSERTION:
Apex of the tongue
ACTION:
Lengthen and narrow tongue

Neck muscles Platysma

ORIGIN:
Skin/fascia of the supraclavicular and infraclavicular
regions
INSERTION:
Base of the mandible, the skin of the cheek/lower lip,
the angle of the mouth, and the orbicularis oris
ACTION:
Draws the corners of the mouth down; it aids in
depression of the mandible
 Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
ORIGIN:
Manubrium and medial portion of the clavicle
INSERTION:
Mastoid process of the temporal bone and superior
nuchal line
ACTION:
Flexion and lateral flexion of neck; rotates head so that
face is turned superiorly and to the opposite side

Subclavius
ORIGIN:
1st rib and cartilage
INSERTION:
Subclavian groove of the clavicle
ACTION:
Pulls the clavicle towards the sternum and also stabilize
the sternoclavicular joint.

Anterior scalene
ORIGIN:
Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of
vertebrae C3-C6
INSERTION:
Scalene tubercle of the first rib
ACTION:
Elevates the first rib; flexes and laterally bends the
neck

Medial scalene
ORIGIN:
Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of
vertebrae C3–C7
INSERTION:
Superior border of the 1st rib
ACTION:
Elevates the first rib; flexes and laterally bends the
neck

Posterior scalene
ORIGIN:
Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of
vertebrae C5–C7
INSERTION:
External surface of the 2nd rib
ACTION:
Elevate the second rib and tilt the neck to the same
side.

Digastric
ORIGIN:
Anterior belly: digastric fossa of the mandible;
posterior Belly: mastoid notch of the temporal bone
INSERTION:
Body of the hyoid via a fibrous loop over an
intermediate tendon
ACTION:
Elevates the hyoid bone; depresses the mandible

Mylohyoid
ORIGIN:
Mylohyoid line of the mandible
INSERTION:
Body of the hyoid bone and median ridge
ACTION:
Elevates hyoid bone, tongue, and floor of mouth during
swallowing and speaking

Geniohyoid
ORIGIN:
Inferior mental spine of the mandible
INSERTION:
Anterior surface of the hyoid bone
ACTION:
Elevates the hyoid bone and pulls it anteriorly during
swallowing and speaking

Digastric
ORIGIN:
Posterior belly from mastoid process; anterior belly
from inferior margin of mandible.
INSERTION:
Hyoid bone.
ACTION:
Depresses mandible; elevates hyoid bone during
swallowing and speaking.

Stylohyoid
ORIGIN:
Styloid process of the temporal bone
INSERTION:
Greater cornu of the hyoid bone
ACTION:
Elevates and retracts hyoid bone during swallowing
and speaking

Sternohyoid
ORIGIN:
Manubrium of the sternum
INSERTION:
Lower border of the body of the hyoid
ACTION:
Depresses larynx and hyoid bone during swallowing

Sternothyroid
ORIGIN:
Manubrium.
INSERTION:
Thyroid cartilage of larynx.
ACTION:
Depresses larynx during swallowing

Thyrohyoid
ORIGIN:
Thyroid cartilage of larynx
INSERTION:
Greater cornu of the hyoid bone
ACTION:
Depresses hyoid bone; elevates larynx

Omohyoid
ORIGIN:
Inferior belly: upper border of the scapula; Superior
belly: intermediate tendon
INSERTION:
Inferior belly: intermediate tendon; Superior belly:
hyoid
ACTION:
Depresses and retracts hyoid bone.

Longus capitis
ORIGIN:
Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the
3rd–6th cervical vertebrae
INSERTION:
Basilar part of the occipital bone
ACTION:
Flexes the head

Longus colli
ORIGIN:
Transverse processes of C5–T3
INSERTION:
Anterior arch of the atlas
ACTION:
Flexes the neck

Rectus capitis anterior

ORIGIN:
Anterior surface of the lateral mass of the atlas
INSERTION:
Basilar part of the occipital bone
ACTION:
Atlantooccipital joint: Head flexion

Rectus capitis lateralis

ORIGIN:
Upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas
INSERTION:
Inferior surface of the jugular process of the occipital
bone
ACTION:
Stabilizes the atlanto-occipital joint; head lateral
flexion (ipsilateral)

Splenius capitis
ORIGIN:
Nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7–T3
INSERTION:
Mastoid process of the temporal and occipital bones
ACTION:
Extension of the head and neck; lateral flexion and
rotation of the head and neck

Splenius cervicis
ORIGIN:
Spinous processes of T3–T6
INSERTION:
Transverse processes of C1–C3
ACTION:
Extension of the head and neck; lateral flexion and
rotation of the head and neck

Rectus capitis posterior major

ORIGIN:
Spinous process of the axis (C2)
INSERTION:
Inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone
ACTION:
Bilateral contraction at the atlantooccipital joint: Head
extension Unilateral contraction at the atlantoaxial
joint: Head rotation (ipsilateral)

Rectus capitis posterior minor

ORIGIN:
Tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas (C1)
INSERTION:
Medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital
bone
ACTION:
Postural role, stabilizing the head while standing and
during various body movements

Obliquus capitis inferior

ORIGIN:
Spinous process of the axis
INSERTION:
Lateral mass of the atlas
ACTION:
Rotates atlanto-axial joint

Obliquus capitis superior

ORIGIN:
Lateral mass of the atlas
INSERTION:
Lateral half of the inferior nuchal line
ACTION:
Lateral flexes atlanto-occipital joint

Semispinalis capitis
ORIGIN:
Articular processes of C4–C7; Transverse processes of
T1–T6
INSERTION:
Between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the
 occipital bone
ACTION:
Extends and hyperextends the head and the neck AND
rotates the head and the neck to the side opposite the
muscle.

Semispinalis cervicis
ORIGIN:
Transverse processes of T1–T6
INSERTION:
Spinous processes of C2–C5
ACTION:
xtends cervical (neck) and thoracic (back) vertebrae

Rotatores cervicis
ORIGIN:
Transverse processes
INSERTION:
Junction of the transverse process and lamina; Spinous
processes
ACTION:
Extension of the thoracic vertebrae, proprioceptive
transducers that monitor the position and movements of
the vertebral column

Interspinales cervicis
ORIGIN:
Side of the apex of the spinous process of C3–T1
INSERTION:
Side of the apex of the spinous process of C2–C7
ACTION:
Extension, flexion and rotation of vertebral column

Intertransversarii
ORIGIN:
7 pairs of transverse processes: 1 pair between the atlas
and the axis; the remaining pairs between C7 and T1
INSERTION:
7 pairs of transverse processes: 1 pair between the atlas
and the axis; the remaining pairs between C7 and T1
ACTION:
Lateral flexes spine

Anterior trunk muscles Pectoralis major

ORIGIN:
Clavicle, sternum, cartilages of ribs 2-6 or ribs 1-7
INSERTION:
Humerus
ACTION:
Adducts and rotates arm medially at shoulder joint.
Flexes and extends arm at shoulder joint.

Serratus anterior
ORIGIN:
Anterior surfaces of first 8-9 ribs
INSERTION:
Anterior surface of medial border of scapula
ACTION:
Abducts scapula, stabilizes it by holding it to chest
wall, upwardly rotates it

External oblique
ORIGIN:
Ribs 5-12
INSERTION:
Ilium and linea alba
ACTION:
Flexes, rotates, laterally flexes vertebral column,
compresses abdomen

Transverse abdominus
ORIGIN:
Ilium, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, and cartilage of
ribs 5-10
INSERTION:
Xiphoid process of sternum, linea alba, and pubis
ACTION:
Compresses abdomen

Diaphragm
ORIGIN:
Xiphoid process of sternum, cartilages of inferior ribs
7-12, lumbar vertebrae and their intervertebral discs
INSERTION:
Central tendon
ACTION:
Contraction of diaphragm causes inhalation, relaxation
causes exhalation

Rectus abdominis
 ORIGIN:
Publis and pubis symphysis
INSERTION:
Cartilages of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process of sternum
ACTION:
Flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen

Pectoralis minor
ORIGIN:
Ribs 2-5, 3-5, or 2-4
INSERTION:
Scapula
ACTION:
Abducts scapula and rotates it downwards. Elevates
ribs 3-5 during forced inhalation when scapula is fixed.

External intercostals
ORIGIN:
Inferior border of rib above
INSERTION:
Superior border of rib below
ACTION:
Contraction elevates ribs and increases space in
thoracic cavity (inhalation). Relaxation depresses ribs
and decreases space (exhalation).

Trapezius
ORIGIN:
External occipital protuberance
INSERTION:
Anterior border of scapular spine
ACTION:
Elevates, adducts, and depresses scapula

Posterior trunk muscles Trapezius

ORIGIN:
Occipital Bone, Spine of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae
INSERTION:
Acromion and spine of scapula, and lateral clavicle
ACTION:
Raises, rotates, retracts, and stabilizes scapula
 Latissimus Dorsi
ORIGIN:
Spinous processes of T7-L5, last 4 ribs and iliac crest
INSERTION:
Intertubercle sulcus of Humerus
ACTION:
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus

Infraspinatus
ORIGIN:
Infraspinous Fossa of Scapula
INSERTION:
Greater tubercle of humerus
ACTION:
Lateral rotation of humerus

Teres Minor
ORIGIN:
Lateral margin of Scapula
INSERTION:
Greater tubercle of humerus
ACTION:
Lateral rotation of humerus

Teres Major
ORIGIN:
Posterior inferior angle of Scapula
INSERTION:
Intertubercle sulcus of Humerus
ACTION:
Extends, medially rotates and adducts humerus

Subscapularis
ORIGIN:
Subscapular fossa of Scapula
INSERTION:
Lesser Tubercle of Humerus
ACTION:
Medially rotates humerus

Supraspinatus
ORIGIN:
Supraspinous Fossa of Scapula
INSERTION:
Greater Tubercle of Humerus
 ACTION:
Abducts humerus, stabilizes shoulder

Rhomboid Minor
ORIGIN:
Spinous processes of C7 and T1
INSERTION:
Medial Border of Scapula
ACTION:
Retracts and Stabilizes scapula

Rhomboid Major
ORIGIN:
Spinous Processes of T2-T5
INSERTION:
Medial Border of Scapula
ACTION:
Retracts and Stabilizes scapula

Upper limb muscles Pectoralis minor

ORIGIN:
Anterior surface of ribs 3 – 5
INSERTION:
Coracoid process (scapula)
ACTION:
Protracts / depresses scapula

Serratus anterior
ORIGIN:
Ribs 1 - 8
INSERTION:
Medial border of scapula
ACTION:
Rotates scapula laterally

Subclavius
ORIGIN:
Rib 1
INSERTION:
Inferior surface of scapula
ACTION:
Stabilizes/ depresses pectoral girdle

Trapezius
ORIGIN:
Occipital bone / spinous processes of C7 – T12
INSERTION:
Acromion / spine of scapula; lateral third of clavicle
ACTION:
Stabilizes / elevates / retracts / rotates scapula

Levator scapulae
ORIGIN:
Transverse processes of C1 – C4
INSERTION:
Upper medial border of scapula
ACTION:
Elevates / adducts scapula

Rhomboids (major / minor)

ORIGIN:
Spinous processes of C7 – T5
INSERTION:
Medial border of scapula
ACTION:
Adducts / rotates scapula

Pectoralis major
ORIGIN:
Sternum / clavicle / ribs 1 – 6
INSERTION:
Intertubucular sulcus / greater tubercle (humerus)
ACTION:
Flexes / medially rotates / adducts arm

Deltoid
ORIGIN:
Acromion / spine of scapula; lateral third of clavicle
INSERTION:
Deltoid tuberosity (humerus)
ACTION:
Abducts arm

Latissimus dorsi
ORIGIN:
Spinous processes of T7 – L5; ribs 9 – 12; iliac crest of
os coxae
INSERTION:
Intertubercular groove (humerus)
ACTION:
Extends / adducts arm

Subscapularis
ORIGIN:
Subscapular fossa (scapula)
INSERTION:
Lesser tubercle
(humerus)
ACTION:
Rotates arm medially

Supraspinatus
ORIGIN:
Supraspinous fossa (scapula)
INSERTION:
Greater tubercle (humerus)
ACTION:
Abducts arm

Infraspinatus
ORIGIN:
Infraspinous fossa (scapula)
INSERTION:
Greater tubercle (humerus)
ACTION:
Rotates arm laterally

Teres minor
ORIGIN:
Lateral border of scapula
INSERTION:
Greater tubercle (humerus)
ACTION:
Rotates arm laterally

Teres major
ORIGIN:
Inferior border of scapula
INSERTION:
Lesser tubercle (humerus)
ACTION:
Rotates arm medially; adducts arm

Coracobrachialis
ORIGIN:
Coracoid process (scapula)
INSERTION:
Medial shaft of humerus
ACTION:
Flexes / adducts arm

Triceps brachii
ORIGIN:
Below glenoid cavity of scapula; posterior shaft of
humerus
INSERTION:
Olecranon process (ulna)
ACTION:
Extends forearm

Anconeus
ORIGIN:
Lateral epicondyle (humerus)
INSERTION:
Olecranon process (ulna)
ACTION:
Extends forearm

Biceps brachii
ORIGIN:
Coracoid process / body (scapula)
INSERTION:
Radial tuberosity (radius)
ACTION:
Flexes forearm

Brachialis
ORIGIN:
Anterior face of distal humerus
INSERTION:
Coronoid process (ulna)
ACTION:
Flexes forearm

Brachioradialis
ORIGIN:
Lateral epicondyle (humerus)
INSERTION:
Styloid process (radius)
ACTION:
Flexes forearm

Pronator teres
ORIGIN:
Medial epicondyle (humerus); coronoid process (ulna)
INSERTION:
Lateral shaft of radius
ACTION:
Pronates forearm

Flexor carpi radialis

ORIGIN:
Medial epicondyle (humerus)
INSERTION:
Metacarpals 2 – 3
ACTION:
Flexes / abducts wrist

Palmaris longus
ORIGIN:
Medial epicondyle (humerus)
INSERTION:
Palmar aponeurosis
ACTION:
Tenses skin of palm

Flexor carpi ulnaris

ORIGIN:
Medial epicondyle (humerus); olecranon process (ulna)
INSERTION:
Pisiform / hamate of carpals
ACTION:
Flexes / adducts wrist

Flexor digitorum superficialis

ORIGIN:
Medial epicondyle (humerus); coronoid process (ulna);
shaft of radius
INSERTION:
Middle phalanges 2 - 5
ACTION:
Flexes wrist / fingers

Flexor digitorum profundus

ORIGIN:
Coronoid process / anteriolmedial surface (ulna)
INSERTION:
Distal phalanges 2 - 5
ACTION:
Flexes wrist / fingers

Flexor pollicis longus

ORIGIN:
Anterior surface of radius
INSERTION:
Distal phalanx of thumb
ACTION:
Flexes thumb

Pronator quadratus
ORIGIN:
Distal surface of anterior ulna
INSERTION:
Distal surface of anterior radius
ACTION:
Pronates forearm

Extensor carpi radialis

ORIGIN:
lateral epicondyle (humerus)
INSERTION:
Metacarpals 2 - 3
ACTION:
Extends / abducts wrist

Extensor digitorum
ORIGIN:
Lateral epicondyle (humerus)
INSERTION:
Distal phalanges 2 – 5
ACTION:
Extends fingers

Extensor carpi ulnaris

ORIGIN:
Lateral epicondyle (humerus)
INSERTION:
Metacarpal 5
ACTION:
Extends / adducts wrist
 Supinator
ORIGIN:
Lateral epicondyle (humerus); proximal end of ulna
INSERTION:
Proximal end of radius
ACTION:
Supinates forearm

Abductor pollicis longus

ORIGIN:
Posterior surface of radius / ulna
INSERTION:
Metacarpal 1; trapezium of carpals
ACTION:
Abducts / extends thumb

Extensor pollicis
ORIGIN:
Dorsal shaft of radius / ulna
INSERTION:
Proximal / distal ends of phalange 1
ACTION:
Extends thumb

Extensor indicis
ORIGIN:
Posterior surface of distal ulna
INSERTION:
Phalange 2
ACTION:
Extends index finger

Lower limb muscles Iliacus (part of iliopsoas)

ORIGIN:
Iliac fossa (ilium); crest of os coxa; ala (sacrum)
INSERTION:
Lesser trochanter (femur)
ACTION:
Flexes thigh

Psoas major (part of iliopsoas)

ORIGIN:
T12 – L5 vertebrae
INSERTION:
Lesser trochanter (femur)
ACTION:
Flexes thigh

Tensor fasciae latae

ORIGIN:
Iliac crest (ilium); anterior superior iliac spine (ilium)
INSERTION:
Iliotibial tract (connective tissue)
ACTION:
Flexes / abducts thigh

Sartorius
ORIGIN:
Anterior superior iliac spine (ilium)
INSERTION:
Medial surface of proximal tibia
ACTION:
Flexes / abducts / laterally rotates thigh

Pectineus
ORIGIN:
Pubis
INSERTION:
Lesser trochanter (femur)
ACTION:
Adducts / flexes / medially rotates thigh

Adductor brevis (part of adductors)

ORIGIN:
Pubis
INSERTION:
Linea aspera (femur)
ACTION:
Adducts / flexes / medially rotates thigh

Adductor longus (part of adductors)

ORIGIN:
Pubis
INSERTION:
Linea aspera (femur)
ACTION:
Adducts / flexes / medially rotates thigh
 Adductor magnus (part of adductors)
ORIGIN:
Pubis / ischium
INSERTION:
Linea aspera (femur)
ACTION:
Adducts / flexes / medially rotates thigh

Gracilis
ORIGIN:
Pubis / ischium
INSERTION:
Medial surface of proximal tibia
ACTION:
Adducts / flexes / medially rotates thigh

Gluteus maximus
ORIGIN:
Ilium / sacrum / coccyx
INSERTION:
Iliotibial tract (connective tissue); gluteal tuberosity
(femur)
ACTION:
Extends thigh

Gluteus medius
ORIGIN:
Lateral surface of ilium
INSERTION:
Greater trochanter (femur)
ACTION:
Abducts / medially rotates thigh

Gluteus minimus
ORIGIN:
Lateral surface of ilium
INSERTION:
Greater trochanter (femur)
ACTION:
Abducts / medially rotates thigh

Piriformis
ORIGIN:
Anterolateral surface of sacrum
INSERTION:
Greater trochanter (femur)
ACTION:
Laterally rotates thigh

Obturator (externus / internus)

ORIGIN:
Pubis / ischium
INSERTION:
Greater trochanter (femur)
ACTION:
Laterally rotates thigh

Gemellus (superior / inferior)

ORIGIN:
Ischial spine (ischium); ischial tuberosity (ischium)
INSERTION:
Greater trochanter (femur)
ACTION:
Laterally rotates thigh

Quadratus femoris
ORIGIN:
Ischial tuberosity (ischium)
INSERTION:
Proximal end of femur
ACTION:
Laterally rotates thigh

Rectus femoris (part of quadriceps)

ORIGIN:
Anterior inferior iliac spine (ilium); margin of
acetabulum (os coxa)
INSERTION:
Tibial tuberosity (tibia)
ACTION:
Extends (lower) leg

Vastus lateralis (part of quadriceps)

ORIGIN:
Greater trochanter (femur); linea aspera (femur)
INSERTION:
Tibial tuberosity (tibia)
ACTION:
Extends (lower) leg
 Vastus medialis (part of quadriceps)
ORIGIN:
Anterior / lateral surface of proximal femur
INSERTION:
Tibial tuberosity (tibia)
ACTION:
Extends (lower) leg

Vastus intermedius (part of quadriceps)

ORIGIN:
Anterior / lateral surface of proximal femur
INSERTION:
Tibial tuberosity (tibia)
ACTION:
Extends (lower) leg

Biceps femoris (part of hamstrings)

ORIGIN:
Ischial tuberosity (ischium); linea aspera (femur)
INSERTION:
Head (fibula); lateral condyle (tibia)
ACTION:
Flexes (lower) leg

Semitendinosus (part of hamstrings)

ORIGIN:
Ischial tuberosity (ischium)
INSERTION:
Medial surface of tibia
ACTION:
Flexes (lower) leg

Semimembranosus (part of hamstrings)

ORIGIN:
Ischial tuberosity (ischium)
INSERTION:
Medial condyle (tibia)
ACTION:
Flexes (lower) leg

Popliteus
ORIGIN:
Lateral condyle (femur)
INSERTION:
Proximal tibia
ACTION:
Flexes / medially rotates (lower) leg

Tibialis anterior
ORIGIN:
Lateral condyle (tibia); shaft of tibia
INSERTION:
Medial cuneiform (tarsals); metatarsal 1
ACTION:
Dorsiflexes / inverts foot

Extensor digitorum longus

ORIGIN:
Lateral condyle (tibia); proximal fibula
INSERTION:
middle / distal phalanges 2 - 5
ACTION:
Extends toes

Extensor hallucis longus

ORIGIN:
Anteromedial shaft of fibula
INSERTION:
Distal phalanx (great toe)
ACTION:
Extends great toe

Fibularis (longus / brevis)

ORIGIN:
Shaft of fibula
INSERTION:
Medial cuneiform (tarsals); metatarsals 1 & 5
ACTION:
Plantar flexes / everts foot

Gastrocnemius (part of triceps surae)

ORIGIN:
Medial / lateral condyles (femur)
INSERTION:
Calcaneus
ACTION:
Plantar flexes foot

Soleus (part of triceps surae)

ORIGIN:
Proximal tibia / fibula
INSERTION:
Calcaneus
ACTION:
Plantar flexes foot

Plantaris
ORIGIN:
Posterior femur
INSERTION:
Calcaneus
ACTION:
Plantar flexes foot

Flexor digitorum longus

ORIGIN:
Posterior tibia
INSERTION:
Distal phalanges 2 - 5
ACTION:
Flexes toes

Flexor hallicus longus

ORIGIN:
Midshaft of fibula
INSERTION:
Distal phalanx (great toe)
ACTION:
Flexes great toe

Tibialis posterior
ORIGIN:
Proximal tibia / fibula
INSERTION:
Tarsals; metatarsals 2 - 4
ACTION:
Inverts foot