mamaTa da SvilTa brZola

XIX saukunis 60-70-iani wlebi uaRresad nayofieri iyo qarTuli mwerlobis

istoriaSi.
samocianelTa Sexedulebebi cxovrebis ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanes
sakiTxebze Zirfesvianad gansxvavdeboda Zveli Taobis warmomadgenelTa
Sedegulebebisgan. swored es iyo mizezi imisa, rom XIX saukunis 60-70-ian
wlebSi farTod gaCaRda brZola Zvelsa da axal Taobas Soris.
brZolis sababi gaxda ilia WaWavaZis mier Jurnal “ciskarSi” gamoqveynebuli
statia “oriode sityva Tavad revaz Salvas-Zis erisTavis kazlovidgan “SeSlilis
Targmanzeda”. am statiaSi ilia mkacrad akitikebda Tavad erisTavs; igi kargad
xedavda, rom kozolovis “SeSlilisa” da mis msgavs nawarmoebTa Targmna da
maTi JurnalSi dabeWdva qarTuli literaturis dakninebasa da CamorCenilobas
miaswavebda.
Jurnal “ciskris” irgvliv Semokrebilma Zvelma Taobam ar daayovna ilias
werilze pasuxis gacema. “ciskarSi” gamoqveynda barbare jorjaZis, giorgi
baraTovisa da revaz erisTavis sapasuxo statiebi.
“mamaTa” da “SvilTa” pirveli Setakeba axali Taobis gamarjvebiT
damTavrda.
XIX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi axali ZxaliT gaiSala polemika, erTi mxriv, ilia
WavWavaZesa da akaki wereTels, meore mxriv, grigol orbelians Soris.
1871 wels saqarTveloSi Camovida ruseTis imperatori aleqsandre II.
gadawyvetili iyo, rom iperatorisTvis eTxovaT saqarTveloSi umaRlesi
saswavlebis gaxsna. Zvelma Taobam iTxova samxedro saswavleblis gaxsna.
axalma Taobam ar apatia Zvel Taobas Ralati da orpiroba. iliam dawera
“gamocanebi” da “kidev gamocanebi”, sadac sastikad iyvnen gamaTraxebulni
Zveli Taobis warmomadgenlebi. grigol orbelianma ilias “gamocanebis”
sapasuxod dawera “pasuxi SvilTa”. grigol orbeliani usayvedurebs axal Taobas
“mamebisadmi” upativcemulobas, maTi Rvawlis daufaseblobas. Seaxsenebs
maT, rom “mamebma” qveyana daicves. igi ukmayofiloa axali Taobis
moRvaweobiT. misi azriT, “Svilebis” mier daarsebul skolebSi axalgazrdebi
urwmunoebas swavloben, grigoli maT brals sdebs enis SebRalvaSi:
 “aRCandnen mwerlebi
Jurnalistebi,
vai sabralos... vai Cvens enas!..
maT uswavlelTa,
cru rusTavelTa,
srul wagvibilwes ena mdidari,
ena maRali,
mis Zali, madli,
uwyalod waxda uwmindurT xelSi!”
es iyo gr. orbelianis didi Secdoma. “Tergdaleulebma” ki ar waaxdines ena,
aramed sasicocxlod Zala daubrunes mas.
iliam dawera SesaniSnavi leqsi “pasuxis pasuxi”, romelSic uaryo orbelianis
braldebebi; ilia aRniSnavs, rom “mamebis” msgavsad maT ar gauyidiaT
TavianTi qveyana, TavianTi eri, patriotoba da liberaloba samarcxvinod ar
miuCneviaT, adamianis Rirseba Cin-medlebis mixedviT ar uzomiaT:
“Cven vvleT ruseTi,
magram arc erTi
xeloba Tqveni ar gviswavlia;
Cveni qveyana,
mkvdari Tqvengana
Tqvenebr Cinebzed ar gagvicvlia”.
ilia Zvel Taobas brals sdebs TavlTmaqcobas, uqmad yofnas, orpirobas,
farisevlobas, sakuTari enisa da xalxis gmobas. qarTuli ena waaxdina ara axalma,
aramed Zvelma Taobam:
“Tqvengan gmobili,
TqvengniT ltolvili
ena Cvens qoxSi Cven SevafareT;
kargad Tu avad,
Cven mas vinaxavT
da mis sikvdiliT ver gagaxarebT”.
 Zvelsa da axal Taobas Soris meore Setakebac axali Taobis gamarjvebiT
damTavrda. es asec unda yofiliyo, radgan Zvelma Sexedulebebma Tavisi dro
moWama.

natalia CunTiSvili

©nikoloz nanuaSvili 9. I. 2023 w.