ORAL COM

COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE

 Structural aspect – Involves the form of utterance to be used such as pronunciation and
grammar.
 Lexical – Words have similar meaning yet different words
 Socio – Cultural – it relates to the people through words and more sensitive in
communicating with people with different backgrounds.

COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES

 Nomination – use to open or establish a topic in a conversation

 Restriction – refers to any limitation you have as a speaker
 Turn – taking – refers to the process by which people decides who takes the
conversation
 Topic control – Controlling and preventing unicessary interruptions and topic shift in
communication
 Topic shifting – involves moving from one topic to another
 Repair – refers to speaker address the problems in speaking, listening and
comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation
 Termination – refers to the conversation participants close – initiating expression.
 Message abandonment – you leave the message unfinished because of language
difficulties.
 Topic Avoidance – you try not to talk about concept difficult for you to express
 Circumlocution – You describe or paraphrase the target object or action
 Approximation – You used alternative term to express the meaning of the target word as
closely as possible.
 Use of all-purpose words – you expand a general word to the context.
 Word coinage – You create a new English word based on what you know.
 Use of nonverbal means – you mime, gesture, use facial expression.
 Literal translation – You translate a word or an idiom from your mother tongue to
English
 Foreignizing - you use the word in your native language but you pronounce it like
English
 Code switching – You use the native word or expression for the English term
 Appeal for help – you ask other student or teachers for help when you do not know or
forget some words.
 Use the filter / hesitation devices – you use filling word like (uhmmmm) to gain time to
think.
TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO ITS PURPOSE

Four basic types of speeches

Informative – This provide interesting and useful topic

Demonstrative – It teaches you to do or to perform something

Persuasive – Speech aims to persuade or convince

Entertaining – Speaker provides pleasure or enjoyment that make audience laugh

TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO THE DELIVERY

Impromptu – Speech is delivered on spur at the moment

Extemporaneous – Speech allows the speaker to to prepare his or her thoughts and mode

Manuscript – Speaker prepares the manuscript his or her to present, requires the speaker to
read every word

Memorized – Sounds mechanical and is seldom used or recommended.

Ex – Newscasting w/ TelePrompter or autocue device; Presenting

legal proceedings in court; Reading rules and criteria in contest
 Advantages – Exact repetition of written words; Guided Speech
 Disadvantages – Boring and uninteresting presentation; Lacks
audience rapport or connection
 Tips – Rehearse the speech until natural; Observe news anchors
and note how fluid they sound.
o Memorized – Speaking w/ advanced preparation; Planned and rehearsed;
Reciting from memory
 Ex – Performing in a stage play; Delivering a declamation,
oratorical, or a literary device; When an actor performs a script from
memory in a scene.
Principles of Speech Writing
 Preparations for Speech Writing
1. Decide on an interesting topic
 You or your audience must be interested in the topic
2. Determine your audience and purpose
 Helps in planning the speech
3. Know the time and place to deliver your speech
 Getting the specifics about time and venue can help in designing
the speech presentation
4. Focus and organize your ideas logically
 Chronological – explains a series of events or developments
  Cause and effect – presents reasons or causes of how certain
results or effects have happened
 Spatial – describes the physical setting or arrangement of things
 Comparison and contrast – explains the similarities and
differences of things, people, and events.
 Problem Solution – presents an essential problem to be
addressed and the possible solution to address.
5. Find materials for your speech
6. Draft your speech
 Serves as a concrete blueprint of your presentation