PROJECT WORK ON WRITTEN NEWS

2069

MASS COMMUNICATION
BACHELOR THIRD YEAR
n]vs kl/ro M–
gfd M cf/tL a/fn
:yfoL 7]ufgfM– u'NdL lhNnf
a8fufpF uf=lj=;= af8{=g+ ^ d}bfg
P]lR5s ljifoM–:jf:Yo tyf zfl//Ls lzIff
cWoog/t :yn M–/];'Ëf ax'd'vL SofDk;

gfd M lznf ;f?

:yfoL 7]ufgfM– u'NdL lhNnf
l;ldrf}/ uf=lj=;= jf8{=g+ * /fªaf;
P]lR5s ljifoM–:jf:Yo tyf zfl//Ls lzIff
cWoog/t :yn M–/];'Ëf ax'd'vL SofDk;

gfd M ;/:jtL 608g

:yfoL 7]ufgfM– u'NdL lhNnf
l;ldrf}/ uf=lj=;= jf8{=g+ &
P]lR5s ljifoM–:jf:Yo tyf zfl//Ls lzIff
cWoog/t :yn M–/];'Ëf ax'd'vL SofDk;

gfd M l;tf /fgf

:yfoL 7]ufgfM– u'NdL lhNnf
l;ldrf}/ uf=lj=;= jf8{=g+ (
P]lR5s ljifoM–:jf:Yo tyf zfl//Ls lzIff
cWoog/t :yn M–/];'Ëf ax'd'vL SofDk;

gfd M ?kf cof{n

:yfoL 7]ufgfM– u'NdL lhNnf
l;ldrf}/ uf=lj=;= af8{=g+ %
P]lR5s ljifoM–:jf:Yo tyf zfl//Ls lzIff
cWoog/t :yn M–/];'Ëf ax'd'vL SofDk;

gfd M;l/tf s'jF/

:yfoL 7]ufgfM– u'NdL lhNnf
a8fufpmF uf=lj=;= af8{=g+ !
P]lR5s ljifoM–:jf:Yo tyf zfl//Ls lzIff
cWoog/t :yn M–/];'Ëf ax'd'vL SofDk;
 l;kmfl/; kq
o; SofDk;df pRr dfWoflds lzIff kl/ifb\ !)±@
cGtu{t sIff !! df P]lR5s ljifo :jf:Yo tyf zfl//Ls lzIff
ljifosf ljBfyL{ cf/tL a/fn, lznf ;f?, ;/:jtL 608g, l;tf /fgf,
?kf cof{n / ;l/tf s'jF/ u'NdL lhNnfsf] l;ldrf}/ uf=lj=;sf]
/fªjf; eGg] ufpFmdf k'lu H.P.E. ljifosf] cf+lzs kf7\
oqmd k'/f ug{ ;fd'bfoLs :jf:Yo ;j{]If0f k|of]ufTds
cWoog k'/f u/]sf] l;kmfl/; ub{5f}+ .
o; l;ldrf}/ uf=lj=;= jf8{ g= df ;j]{If0f u/]sf]
ljBfyL{sf] gfdjnL o; k|sf/ 5.

cf/tL a/fn
lznf ;f?
;/:jtL 608g
l;tf /fgf
?kf cof{n
 ;l/tf s'jF/

;'kl/j]Ifs
gfd M lzjnfn vgfn
;xL
M=========================

s[t1tf
o; SofDk;df !)±@ cGtu{t sIff !! df P]lR5s
ljifo :jf:Yo tyf zfl//Ls lzIff ljifo lnO{ cWoog ug]{ ^
hgf ljBfyL{sf nflu H.P.E.-!$$_ ljifosf] cf+lzs sfo{ k'/f
ug{ / k|of]ufTds ;Lk ljsl;t ug{ ;fd'bflos :Jff:Yo ;j]{If0f
cWoog ug]{ sfo{ cfkm}df hl6n xf] . t;y{ o; sfo{sf]
nfuL ljifout ;'emfjb]vL cWoog ;fdfu|L lgdf{0f ug{ /
k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug{] sfo{;Dd lg/Gt/ ;xof]u ug'{x'g] o;
SofDk;sf H.P.E.ljifosf pkk|Wofks >L lzjnfn vgfn
wGofjfbsf kfq x'g'x'G5. o;}u/L k|ltj]bg tof/
ug{ cfjZos lgtL to ug{ l;sfpg] sIff !@ sf lbbL bfO{x?
nufot ;fyLx? / l;ldrf}/ uf=lj=; sf ;lrj emljGb|nfn
e08f/L nfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}. ;fy} sDKo'6/
6fO{k / Jofl08Ë ul/ ;xof]u ug{'x'g] >L ;'hg kf]v|]nsf k|
f]k|fO6/ Ho"nfO{ klg xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}+ .

k|:t'tstf{M
cf/tL a/fn
lznf ;f?
;/:jtL 608g
l;tf /fgf
?kf cof{n
;l/tf s'jF/

ljifo ;'rL
!_ kl/ro (Introduction)
 cWoog :yn (study Area)
 ;d:ofsf] syg (statement of Problems)
 cWoogsf] p2]Zo (Objectives of study)
 cWoogsf] pkbo]tf (significance of study)
@_ cWoog ljwL (Methodology)
 tYofÍsf] ;|f]t
 gd'gf k|lqmof
 cWoog ;fdfu|L

# tYofÍsf] ;+sng k|lqmof

 tYofÍ k|:t'tLs/0f
 ;f/f+z, lgisif{ / ;'emfax?
 kl/lzi6 tyf ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

kl/ro (Introduction)
cWoog :ynM–
;fd'bflos :jf:Yo ;j{]If0f cWoog u'NdL lhNnfsf] l;ldrf}/
uf=lj=; sf] /fªjf;df j;f]jf; ug]{ lk58LPsf, ul/j, clzlIft, /f]uL
clg :jf:Yosf] af/]sf hfgsf/L gkfPsf / :jf:Yo ;DjlGw ;]jf ;'ljwf
glnPsf JolQmx?sf] 3/ 3/df uO{ xfdLn] cWoog u/]sf 5f}+ .
;d:ofsf] sygM–
o; ;d'bfodf cfyL{s ljkGtfsf] sf/0f cJojl:yt
jf;:yfg / :jf:Yo ;DaGwL 1fg, wf/0ff Jofjxf/ ;DjlGw hfgsf/L
gkfPsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ oxFfsf clwsf+z
dflg;x? :jf:Yo] ;DjlGw ;d:of af6 lk8Lt x'g k'lu/x]sf
5g\ . :jf:Yo ;]jf / ;'ljwfsf] nfuL o:tf ;d:ofx? vf; u/L b'MvL,
ul/jL, clzIfLtx?n] of] ;d:of ef]lu/x]sf 5g . o:tf ;d:ofx? ;dfwfg
ug{sf] nfuL g]kfn ;/sf/n] :jf:Yo lzIff ;/;kmfO{ cfbL ljifosf]
jf/]df hgr]tgf km}nfpg clt cfjZos /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . vf;u/L
To; If]qdf :jf:Yo ;DjlGw /f]ujf6u|:t ePsf la/fdLx?df b]lvg]
/f]ux?df emf8fkvnf, cfFpm, cf}nf], x}hf, Ifo/f]u cfbL /x]sf
5g\ . o:tf /f]ux?sf] plrt tj/jf6 lgwfg ug{ cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L
;lx tYofÍ lgsfNg' kg]{ cfjZostfsf]
sf/0fn] / :jf:Yo ;DaGwL ;fd'bfoLs ;d:of kQf nufO{ ;dfwfg
ug]{ x]t'n] of] ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo ;j]{If0f cWoog k|]l/t 5 .

cWoogsf] p2]Zo
:jf:Yo ;DaGwL ;d:of kQf nufpg / ;d:of ;dfwfgsf]
nfuL ;'emfa lbg,

 ;fd'bflos :j:Yo ;DaGwL kfl/jf/Ls ljj/0f kQf nufpg

 ;fd'bflos jftfj/0fLo :jf:Yo ;d:ofsf] hfgsf/L lng
 dft[lzz' tyf kfl/jf/Ls :jf:Yosf] hfgsfl/ lng
 :jf:Yo ;d:of ;dwfgfy{ ;'emfa ;Nnfx k|bfg ug{
 H.P.E. ljifosf] k|of]ufTds cWoog k'/fug{
 :jf:Yo ;DaGwL ljifodf ;fd'bflos hgr]tgf hufpg
cWoogsf] pkb]otfM
;fd'bflos :jf:Yo ;j]{If0f cWoog ljleGg k|sf/sf /f]ux? kQf
nfUg], :jf:Yo ;DaGwL ;d:of tyf ljj/0f kQf
nufO{ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nfuL ;'emfa lbO{ pko'Qm :jf:Yo ;dfh /
;d'bfosf] lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u k'Ug hfg], ljifout k|of]ufTds kf7\
oef/ k'/f x'g hfg] / k|of]ufTds l;k ljsl;t x'g uO :jf:Yo / lg/f]uL
hgzQmL pTkfbg x'g uO{ /fi6«;]afdf nfUg dfu{bz{g k|bfg
ug'{ g} cWoogsf] pkb]otf xf] .

cWoogsf] l;dfM

u'NdL lhNnfsf] l;ldrf}/ uf=lj=;sf] /fªjf;df ul/a,clzlIft 3/

3/df uO{ of] ;j{]If0f ul/Psf] 5 .
 cWoogsf] ljwL (Methodology)

tYoÍsf] >|f]t M–
cGtaf{tf lnP/ lj/fdLx?nfO /f]u eg]sf] s] xf] < lsg o:tf ;d:of
b]lvG5g < o;af6 afRg s] s] pkfPx? ckgfpg' ;lsG5< pgLx?df
s] s] /f]uaf6 u|:t ePsf] b]lvG5< o; :jf:Yo ;j]{If0f cWoogsf]
k|d'v >f]t eg]sf] k|yflds >f]tx? h'g ;fd'bflos 3/kl/af/df :jf:Yo
cWoogstf{ k'uL cGtaf{tfsf] cfwf/df tYoÍ ;+sng ul/Psf] >f]t
g} k|d'v >f]t xf] .

gd'gf k|lqmofM–
lk5l8Psf] ufFpdf uO lj/fdLnfO{ ljleGg k|sf/sf :jf:Yo ;d:of
af/] ;f]wk'5 u/L pgLx?nfO{ yfx gkfPsf ga'em]sf af/]df k|
i6;Fu a'emfO lbPsf] cWoogsf] nfuL gd'gf 5gf]6 Simpal
Rendim Samling ljwL4f/f l;ldrf}/ uf=lj=;sf] /fªjf;df gd'gf
agfO ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo ;j{]If0f sfo{ ul/Psf] 5 .

cWoogsf] ;fdfu|L
;fd'bflos :jf:Yo ;j{]If0f cWoogsf nfuL SofDk;sf :jf:Yo tyf
zfl//Ls lzIff ljifosf lzIf0f ;xfos 4f/f lgld{t k|ZgjnL kmf/d
lnO{ cWoogsf nflu cfŠgf b}lgs ?kdf cfjZos ;fdfu|
L ;lxt ;d'bfodf cWoog ul/Psf] xf] .

tYofÍ ;+sng k|lqmofM

SofDk;df cWoog/t :jf:Yo tyf zfl//Ls lzIff ljifosf
lzIf0f ;xfos4f/f lgld{t k|ZgfjnL kmf/ddfyL ;Nnfx ;'emfa lnO
SofDk;af6 l;ldrf}/ uf=lj=;=sf nfuL kq ;lxt cGtjf{tf tYofÍ
canf]sg ljlwsf] dfWodaf6 cWoog :ynsf] ;d'bfodf k'uL 3/
3/df tYofÍ ;+sng k|lqmof cuf8L a9fOPsf] xf] .

tYofÍsf] k|:t'tLs/0fM
tYofÍsf] k|:t'tLs/0f cg';f/ ufFpdf vf; u/L hfltut ?kdf
x]bf{ a|fXd0f, du/, If]qL / blnt hfltx? a;f]jf; u/]sf] kfOof] .
pgLx? vf; u/L lxGb' wd{ dfGg] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . k]zfsf] ?
kdf s[lif{ k]zfnfO{ g} d'Vo k]zfsf] ?kdf of]ubfg lbPsf]
b]lvG5 . o; cWoogsf] qmddf u'NdL lhNnf l;ldrf}/
uf=lj=;sf] /fªjf; ufFpdf lgDg lnlvt :jf:Yo ;DaGwL tYofÍ ;
+sng ul/Psf] ljwL tnsf] tflnsfaf6 :ki6 kfg{ ;lsG5 .

tflnsf g+= !
;fdfGo kl/af/Ls ljj/0f
3/sf] lsl;d sRrL
kfl/afl/s lsl;d ;Do'Qm
wd{ lxGb'
JolQmut ;/;kmfO{ Go'g

dflysf] tflnsf g+= ! df pNn]v u/LP jdf]lhd 3/sf] l:ytL sRrL,

kl/jf/sf] cfsf/ 7"nf] / JolQmut ;/;kmfO{ Psbd} sd ug]{ u/]sf]
kfOPsf] 5 . clwsf+z kl/jf/x?n] lxGb' wd{ g} dfGg] u/]sf]
kfOof] .

tflnsf g+= @
jftfj/l0fo :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO{ ;DaGwL ljj/0f

kfgLsf ;|f]tx?
wf/fsf] kfgL –
s'jfsf] kfgL –
vf]nfsf] kfgL –
kfOksf] kfgL –

dflysf] tflnsf g+ @ cg';f/ kfgLsf] dfq vfg] ljj/0f yfxf ePsf]

5.

tflnsf g+= #
kfgLsf cj:yf
;fdfGo
c;fdfGo –
;'/lIft –
c;'/lIft –
hDdf –

dflysf] tflnsf g++ =# cg';f/ kfgLsf] cj:yfdf ;a}n] k|of]u ug]

{ kfgL c;fdfGo /x]sf] yfxf kfOPsf] 5 .
 tflnsf g+= $
dft[lzz' tyf kl/jf/ lgof]hg
c:ktfndf=jf
x]=kf]=
k|f= lSngLs
gu/fpg]
hDdf

dflysf] tflnsf M–$ cg';f/ ;a}n] c:ktfndf g} uP/ ue{ kl/If0f

u/fpg] ljj/0f kQf nfUof] .

tflnsf g+= %
kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;DaGwdf

c:yfO{
:yfO{
s'g} gu/]sf]
hDdf

dflysf] tflnsf M–% cg';f/ oxfFsf dflg;n] kl/jf/lgof]hg

c:yfO{ ;fwgsf] k|of]u ug]{ ljj/0f v'Ng cfPsf] 5 .

tflnsf g+=^
aRrfnfO{ vf]k nufpg] ;DaGwdf
lj=l;=lh
kf]lnof]
l8=lk=6L
bfb'/f
 hDdf

dflysf] tflnsf g+ ^ cg';f/ ;Dk"0f{ vf]kx? k"/f u/]sf] ljj/0f k|i6

kfg{
;lsG5 .

;f/f+z lgisif{ / ;'emfa

!_ lgisif{df ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo ;j{]If0f k|of]ufTds sfo{ ePsf]n]
o;df ;d'bflos :jf:Yo ;DaGwL ;d:of kQf nufpg /
o; :yfgnfO{ :jf:Yo ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nfuL ;'emfa tyf ;Nnfx lbg'
cfj:os /x]sf] 5 .

@_ ;d'bfodf ;fw/0f kfl/jfl/s l:ytL ePsf dflg; a:b5g\ ltlgx?sf]

cj:yfn] klg :jf:Yodf k|efj kfg{] ePsf]n] klg o:tf] cWoogsf]
cfjZostf b]lvPsf] xf] .

#_ ;d'bfodf /x]sf] jftfj/0fLo :jf:Yo ;/;kmfO{ k|b'if0fsf] af/]df

;du| cWoog u/L ;'emfj k]z ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 .

$_ ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo cGtu{t /x]sf] dft[lzz' :jf:Yo tyf kl/jf/

lgof]hg ;DjlGw k|lqmofsf] l:ytL kQf nufpg klg
o:tf] ;j{]If0fsf] cfjZos 5 .

;'emfj
dfyL pNn]lvt :yflgo ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nfuL lgDg
lnlvt ;'emfjx? lbg rfxG5' .
!_ ;d'bfodf ?9LafbL k/Dk/f ;+:s[tL tyf larf/nfO{ kl/jt{g
ug{ :jf:Yo lzIff k|bfg u/L Jofjxf/df kl/jt{g Nofpg ;DalGwt
lgsfon] kxn ug{' kg{] b]lvG5 .

@_ ;d'bfosf hgtfn] ;xh tl/sfn] :jf:Yo ;]jf / ;'ljwf k|fKt

ug{ g;s]sf]n] g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 o:tf ;]jf ;'ljwf k|
bfg ul/g' k5{ .
#_ kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;DalGw r]tgf ;d'bfodf cleofgsf] ?kdf
km}nfpg' k5{ .
$_ kmf]x/d}nf Jofj:yfkg rkL{ lgdf{0f ub}{ ue{jtL dlxnf
sf] ;fy} jftfj/0fnfO{ plrt ;+/If0f ug{] tkm{ :yflgo jl;GbfnfO{
k|f]T;flxt ug'{ kb{5 .

;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L kl/lzi6

!_ lzanfn vgfn / ;fyLx? ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo ;j]{If0f cWoog k|

ltj]bg sf7df08f}+ lhNnf bxyf]s uf=lj=;= @)%*÷%
( dx]Gb| /Tg SofDk; tfxrn sf7df08f}+ .

@_ b]jOGb| kGyL, dbg vgfn ,lktDj/ kGyL n] tof/

kf/]sf] ;fd'bflos ;j{]If0f cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^$ .
#_ 8f= /fds[i0f dxh{g / ;f]dgfy 9sfnsf] :jf:Yo tyf zfl//Ls lzIff
$_ 8f= ;'/]Gb| lu/Lsf] :jf:Yo tyf zfl//Ls lzIff
%_ xl/ eQm k|wfgsf] :jf:Yo tyf zfl//Ls lzIff
^_ Bhimsen Devkota community Health Diagnosis