UNIT 6

GERUND AND INFINITIVE

Gerund = Ving -> noun

1. As the subject of a sentence
Swimming is my hobby in the summer
holiday.
2. As the object of a sentence
The employees keep working at the office.
3. After preposition (positive)
I am interested in learning English since I
met Britton.
4. After preposition (negative)
We talked about not going to the meeting.
 Infinitive = to + Vbase
Bare infinitive = Vbase
1. After a verb (positive)
I hope to see you in the next holiday.
2. After a verb (negative)
My boyfriend promised not to be late.
3. In a causative sentence
- My boss asked me to type the file.
- My boss made me type the file.
Exercise A
Fill in the blanks with the correct
words/phrases.

1. Many modern architects insist on … materials

native to the region that will blend into the
surrounding landscape.
A. use
B. to use
C. used
D. using

2. The teacher reminded the students …

A. submitting their assignments on time
B. to submit their assignment on time
C. submitted their assignment on time
D. to submitted their assignment on time
 3. One of the least effective ways of storing is
learning … it.
A. how to repeat
B. to repeat
C. repeating
D. repeat

4. I appreciated … from my family.

A. hearing the good news
B. heard the good news
C. to hear the good news
D. hear the good news
5. Our teacher encourages the students … a
dictionary when they find unfamiliar words.
A. not to look up
C. do not look up
B. not looking up
D. not look up

6. Strauss finished … two of his published

compositions before his tenth birthday.
A. written
B. to write
C. wrote
D. writing
7. In the 1940’s and 1950’s, biochemists strived
to … why each of the vitamins was essential for
health.
A. learning
B. learn
C. learned
D. learns

8. Henry Ford revolutionized production

management by … into small steps on a moving
line.
A. breaking down auto assembly
B. broken down auto assembly
C. he broke down auto assembly
D. auto assembly breaking down
9. Neolithic settlements began to give birth to
more complex human societies as they
mastered in …
A. farm
B. farming
C. farm house
D. farm land

10. Archaeologists have been able to study the

skeletons of victims by … distilled water to
wash away the volcanic ash.
A. use
B. using
C. used
D. uses
Choose the incorrect part in each sentence.
11. Many people have stopped smoking to
smoke because they are afraid that it may be
harmful to their health.

Many people stopped to read the sign.

12. Sometimes the students avoid looking at

the teacher if they do not want to answer a
question.

13. Canada's rivers and lakes allowed and,

indeed, invited venturesome pioneers to
explore exploring the interior of the continent.
14. Representative democracy seemed to
evolve simultaneously during the eighteenth
centuries in Britain, Europe, and the United
States.

15. I intended to inform informing you that we

cannot approve your proposal for the upcoming
IT department budget.

16. Jane and David were considering getting

married in June, but they finally decided to
postpone it until August.

17. The director is not interested in

interviewing people who simply like the idea of
traveling around the world.
18. I regret to tell telling you that the train has
been delayed because there are some broken
rails one kilometer from the station.

I regret telling that because you cannot keep a

secret.

19. He goes off on telling me the same thing

over and over again although I already
understood the assignment.

20. Gina always puts on off doing her

homework until the last possible moment.
 Causative
S + V + O + V (infinitive/bare infinitive)
Active:
1. Gerry had/helped/permitted/made/let Tom
clean the floor.
2. Gerry got/ordered/allowed/asked Tom to
clean the floor.

Passive:
Gerry had the floor cleaned (V3).
Exercise B
Fill in the blanks with the correct
words/phrases.

1. Nadia will have her friend … her essay

assignment next week.
A. submit
B. submitted
C. submitting
D. to submit

2. Once a week she has her hair ….

A. washed and styled
B. to be washed and styled
C. wash and style
D. washes and styles
3. The students are getting the lecturer … the
schedule.
A. change
B. changing
C. to change
D. changed

4. The attorney had his client … the possibility

of winning the case.
A. consider
B. considering
C. to consider
D. considered
5. I had my digital camera … last Tuesday. I’m
not enjoying my stay.
A. steal
B. stolen
C. stole
D. to steal

6. All people make the new leader … the need

for justice and equality.
A. emphasize
B. emphasizing
C. to emphasize
D. emphasized
7. The instructor had the trainees (active
object) … a project report.
A. making
B. make
C. made
D. to make
The instructor had a project report (passive
object) made.

8. The police made him (active object) … for the

damaged he had caused.
A. paid
B. pay
C. paying
D. to pay
9. Reading … you to fall asleep earlier.
A. helps
B. help
C. helping
D. to help

10. What you should do before an emergency

occurs is to get your fire alarm … that will also
make you feel safer.
A. fixed
B. to fix
C. fixes
D. fixing
Choose incorrect part of the sentence!
11. Luis got his sister to read his class
assignment, and then asked her to write the
report for him because he did not have enough
time.

12. The director had them to work in

committees to plan a more effective advertising
campaign for a new product.

13. James’ lecturer had him to rewrite his thesis

many times before allowing him to present it to
the committee.

14. I always go to the hairdresser to have my

hair to cut (V3) every month.
15. He made me to use formal words and
sentences in order to establish authority in the
classroom.

16. We weren't allowed taking photographs

inside the palace by the security staff.

17. His going on holiday without permission

from his parents gets / got them very furious.

18. He asked us if it was possible for us to let

him paint painting the garden wall.

19. My desire to get into a good university

forces me to study studying hard every day.
20. They convinced me to go going to the shop
for them because they were unable to do the
grocery shopping.

21. I can't stand ________________ in queues.

(to wait)
22. I tried ________________ him to come but
it was no use. (to persuade)