SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS COLLEGE

Sogod, Southern Leyte

Final Term Modules

Name: Sheila Mae R. Maunes____________ Score: ____________

Course & Year: BEED 1_________________ Date: _____________
Subject: Teaching Science in the Elementary Grades- Biology and Chemistry
Module Title: Part 2: Biology (Living Things and their Environment) Ecosystem
LESSON 1- LIVING THINGS DEPEND ON THEIR ENVIRONMENT FOR BASIC NEEDS (GRADE 3)

Pre- Assessment Activity

What to do:
Tasks
What Resource
Tasks and What Wastes Were Generated
How Much you Consume
Bruise,
a. Food preparation Onion 1-2 pcs, garlic 3 cloves rotten,
Bell peppers 1 pc. Vegetables, smashed
Money
Sanitary Pads (15pcs in 6-7 days
b. Personal hygiene every month) Money( Girls necessary needs
Shampoo, lotion, body wash, tawas every month)
( daily use)
Money (10-20 pesos every ride
Fare (back and port) specially to those who are far
c. Going to School and Back
Snacks (twice a day) from school)
Water bottle (2-3 bot.) Spending too much money for
snacks and water
Money(specially to the students
d. In School whom always doing cutting
Tuition Fee (monthly payments)
classes or did not always attend
the class)
e. Taking Meals (breakfast to
Rice (scooping plenty of rice) Leftover
dinner)

1. In your notebook make a table similar to this and fill in the data needed:

What Resource
TASK and What Wastes Were Generated
How Much you Consume
Birthday Party Celebration Foods, Alcohol, Decorations (15-30 Leftover Foods, plastic decorations,
guests) time and effort, money and
electricity
Cloths Branded shirt and pants(like Chanel Money (unnecessary garment)
or Luis Viton
Electricity Switching on lamp for the whole day Electricity and money(electric bill)
Water Faucet leaking Water and money(water bill)
2. In what ways can you reduce the resources you consume and the waste generated?
-avoid buying things that are unnecessary, buy only the necessary one. Stop buying expensive things
choose the cheap one to save up. In terms of foods, buy only consumable food within a 1-2weeks to avoid
rotten or decaying, some food can be stored in refrigerator and some are not, also in daily meals try to eat
small amount of foods, rather than overflowing your plate to avoid having left over. In doing some groceries
pay attention to every product’s expiration date before putting in the basket to avoid wasting the money.
Always check your appliances and unplug it if not in use, as well as the lamp don’t forget to switch off every
daylight to avoid increasing bills and to save electricity.

3. Name the positive and negative impacts of the people in your community towards environment.
How do these affect the basic needs of people?
-Some of the negative impacts of people in our community are burning of leaves and plastics after
cleaning up their surrounding which is not good for our environment and health, especially to sick people, old
and to the young ones. Some were catching fresh hatch and small fishes as well as other sea creatures which is
not good, it can change the size of fish remaining, as well as how they reproduce and the speed at which they
mature. When too many fish are taken out of the ocean it creates an imbalance that can erode the food web
and lead to a loss of other important marine life, including vulnerable species like sea turtles and corals.
-Some positive impacts of people in our community are having reforestations, to replace the tress
that is gone due to illegal logging. Recycling the things that are still helpful and useful, many people
understand that recycling offers a positive contribution to the ecosystems of the world by reusing or
remaking old products into new ones without having to take resources from nature.

4. Brainstorm ideas as to what will happen to our basic needs that we derive from the environment if we:
(a) make it dirty; (b) gather too many young fish and other sea foods; (c) are wasteful of rice; (d) do not
conserve energy; (e) use too much water during the dry season; and (f) cut trees more than what we need?

(a) Make it dirty – one of our basic needs is water, if we make it dirty and polluted, it can badly affect
to our health especially on young children. Some bacteria and pathogens in water
can make people so sick and can possibly lead to dying, not just only for human but
also to the other living creatures.

(b) Gather too many young fish and other sea foods - If overfishing continues, more species will be
driven to extinction and aquatic ecosystems will collapse and can create imbalance
that can erode the food web and lead to a loss of other important marine life.
Fisheries should behave responsibly because they are major forces of ecological
and evolutionary change.

(c) Are wasteful of rice – if we are wasteful in food specially in rice, we must think first of others whom
affected by the poverty, to family who’s struggling over food. Rice is our primary
needs, us Filipinos, we cannot live without rice. As the way we waste the rice is
when we under cook it or burn it, or cooking too much than the usual cups or the
kids don’t finish their meals. Leftover rice is all over their plates and in the pot. At
the end of the day, we throw away a plastic bag full of burned and spoiled rice. This
is how a family as well as many households and restaurants in the Philippines
waste this high demand political commodity, which feeds half of the world’s
population.

(d) Do not conserve energy - if we do not save energy, Money, bills and much more would rise. We
have to pay to avoid cutting out the connections. If we do not conserve energy in
our house it can produces a higher risk of life. We people waste a lot of energy in
our daily usage either by not turning the lights off when not in use or by utilizing old
and inefficient appliances that consume large amount of energy or by not switching
off the vehicle engine when the light is really long. Energy needs to be conserved
not only to cut costs but also to preserve the resources for longer use. As of today,
most of the energy is generated from coal powered power plants. These plants do
generate energy but also pollute the environment by emitting harmful gases in the
 atmosphere. These toxic gases are just not only harmful to the environment but
also cause serious health concern to humans and animals.

(e) Use too much water during the dry season – if we use too much water during dry season, our
water level might drop and water shortage happen. All of us will be affected and
our daily needs is our primary concern, as well as the animals and plants. Some
animals might be migrating in order to survive and plants might die because of
heat stress and dried roots, except to those plants who can survive in heat like
cactus and more.

(f) Cut trees more than what we need- if we cut tress more than what we needed, we can all
suffer for the cause later on. Calamities might occur due to our selfishness and
greediness. The loss of trees and other vegetation can cause climate change,
desertification, soil erosion, fewer crops, flooding, increased greenhouse gases
in the atmosphere, and a host of problems for indigenous people. Filthy air
happen, without trees, humans would not be able survive because the
air would be bad for breathing, trees take carbon from the atmosphere through
photosynthesis in order to make energy. If we go on cutting trees then:
Earth will lose its top fertile soil layer and get converted into desert. The
ecological balance will get disturbed and floods and drought will become more
frequent. Wildlife will also be affected.
 SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS COLLEGE
Sogod, Southern Leyte
Final Term Modules

Name: Sheila Mae R. Maunes____________ Score: ____________

Course & Year: BEED 1_________________ Date: _____________
Subject: Teaching Science in the Elementary Grades- Biology and Chemistry
Module Title: Part 2: Biology (Living Things and their Environment) Ecosystem
LESSON -2 BENEFICIAL AND HARMFUL INTERACTIONS AMONG LIVING THINGS (GRADE 4)

Activity:

What to do:

1. Visit a garden or a farm.

2. Find the different organisms listed below. Observe how these organisms interact with each other.
3. Identify the relationship among these organisms.

Organism Effect of the interaction to the

Organism A How they interact
B organisms
Butterfly Gumamela Butterfly and Gumamela
are symbiotic mutualism because
they interact and benefited each
other. Butterflies generally like to
eat sweet juice or nectar
on flowers. While flowers as
reproductive organs in plants are
helped because these beautiful
insects help spread pollen.
Orchid Tree
Their relationship is
commensalism , because one
organism is benefited while the
other organism is un affected
As the butterflies travel from
one flower to another, they
pollinate the plants, resulting in
further development of plant
species. Numerous plants rely on
pollinators, such as butterflies, for
reproduction.
orchids grow on trees, but use
them just for support. They do not
obtain energy or nutrients from
the trees. Water and
nutrients are obtained from the air,
and from compost on the trees.

caterpillar Leaf The relationship between Caterpillar damage plants by

Caterpillar and leaf are called chewing on leaves, flowers,
parasitism, it involves a species shoots, and fruit and sometimes
living off a host and harming that other parts of the plant.
host in the process

4. Answer these questions:

a. What do you call the organism that benefits from the interaction with another organism?
 It is called Commensalism a relationship between individuals of two species in
which one species obtains food or other benefits from the other without either
harming.

b. From the activity, which of these organisms have beneficial relationship with other
organisms? Which has harmful relationship with other organisms? Why?
  From these activity the organism that have beneficial relationship with are
gumamela and butterfly which are both symbiotic mutualism because they were
benefited from each other
 And the harmful relationship in this activity is a parasitism which is the relationship
between caterpillar and the leaf, because it involves a species living off a host and
harming that host in the process

c. For you, which is the best relationship? Why?

 As for me, the best relationship that interact each other is the symbiotic mutualism
which is the butterfly and the Gumamela, because each one of them were helping
each other in process. They were evolved together. Each was part of the other's
environment, so as they adapted to their environment, they "made use of" each
other in a way that benefited both.

SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS COLLEGE

Sogod, Southern Leyte
 Final Term Modules

Name: Sheila Mae R. Maunes____________ Score: ____________

Course & Year: BEED 1_________________ Date: _____________
Subject: Teaching Science in the Elementary Grades- Biology and Chemistry
Module Title: Part 2: Biology (Living Things and their Environment) Ecosystem
LESSON 3- INTERACTIONS IN ESTUARIES AND INTERTIDAL ZONES (GRADE 5)

Activity- Estuaries - Mangrove Swamps

Problem: What are found in estuaries?

What to do:

Note: Prior to the lesson, assign students to bring the following materials: pictures of mangrove swamps and
organisms living in it, pictures of a mouth of a river and fish pond and cartolina. A visit to a nearby mangrove
swamp is also fun and informative, or if there is none in your area, a video from the internet will do.

1. Identify the physical factors and biotic components of a mangrove swamp and man-made fish pond.
 The Biotic components of mangrove swamps is the variety of marine and terrestrial organisms such
animals, that inhabit the mangrove like seabirds, fishes and crustaceans that live underneath the
roots or some were live in tidal water and mudflats. Oyster and mussel that attached in trunks and
lower branches, hermit crabs, crabs, juvenile shrimps, and monitor lizard. These are some of the
living and once living things in an ecosystem. Including also fungi and bacteria (Microorganisms.)
Predator/ prey relationship, competitors and symbiotic interactions. The biotic factors of ponds are
earthworms, fishes, frogs, plants, and insects as well humans, and microorganisms like algae.

2. The mouth of a river (the one nearest to the sea) is an estuary. What environmental conditions may be
observed in that body of water?
 Some environmental condition may be observe in estuary is the way how it control the pollution by
filtering and absorbing the waste coming from the river and sending clear water to the sea. This
filtration process creates cleaner and clearer water, which benefits both people and marine life.
Many plant and animal species thrive in estuaries. The calm waters provide a safe area for small fish,
shellfish, migrating birds and shore animals. The waters are rich in nutrients such as plankton and
bacteria. Decomposing plant matter which provides food for many species.

3. What interactions may be found in a mangrove swamp?

 The interactions that can be found in mangrove swamp are its mutual relationship among the coral
reef. Reef protects the coasts where the mangroves grow, while the mangroves trap sediment
washed from the land preventing them to reach the reef or mangroves serves as breeding or nesting
ground for different species, its roots provide shelter for many oceanic and fresh water animals.

4. From your knowledge of food sold in the market, such as oysters, list more organisms that are raised in
fishponds and mangrove swamps that are food sources.
 List of organisms that are raised in fishponds.
*Tilapia *Milkfish *catfish
*Shrimp *mudcrabs
*Prawn *Kangkong or other vagetables

 List of organisms that are raised in Mangrove swamps:

*snails *crabs *squid(meadow type)
*lobsters *hermit crabs
 *shellfishes *juvenile shrimp
*fish *oyster

5. What products are derived from mangroves that we use in the home as medicinal, food, beverage,
lumber, charcoal, dye and more?
 Products that are derived from mangroves that we use in the home as:
*medicinal- for anti-bacterial medicine for infection and also for antifungal
*food –they make flour from mangroves fruits or nuts for cookies, cakes, and bread
*beverage – tea (from mangrove leaves)
*Lumber- to build houses, boats and furniture
*Charcoal – toothpaste, shampoo and some are use for beauty products
*Dye – silk fabric dye from mangroves bark

6. What may destroy our mangrove ecosystems?

 Deforestation and Coastal development are the primary treats that could destroy our mangrove
ecosystem as well as over fishing and harvesting living species that live under the swamps.

7. Name some ways that we should do to protect and manage properly our rich resources.
 Reforestation is the best way, to replace the trees that are gone,
 Cleaning of coastal area to avoid pollution that could harm to our environments.
 Reduce, reuse, and recycle.
 Conserve water and energy
 Spend Less and buy only necessary ones

8. Create a poster to campaign for mangrove education. Display your poster and let your classmates walk
along the display inside your room or corridor walls. Your poster must include a question or challenge that
readers may reflect on.

SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS COLLEGE

Sogod, Southern Leyte
Final Term Modules
Name: Sheila Mae R. Maunes____________ Score: ____________
Course & Year: BEED 1_________________ Date: _____________
Subject: Teaching Science in the Elementary Grades- Biology and Chemistry
Module Title: Part 2: Biology (Living Things and their Environment) Ecosystem
LESSON 4-INTERACTIONS AMONG LIVING THINGS IN CORAL REEFS AND TROPICAL RAINFORESTS (GRADE 6).

Activity:
Problem: What’s Inside a tropical rain forest?
Note: students must visit a tropical rain forest and observe the plants and animals. A video of tropical
rainforest will do.
What to do: fill up the following chart and answer the questions given

K W L
What do I Know? What do I want to What have I learned?
learn?
Inside the Tropical Rainforest there’s
lots of species that able to survive in
their own way. They manage to adopt
the climate they’ve into, on order for
them to survive from the conditions of
the rainforest.

Here are some example of the plants

That Tropical RAINFOREST
is like what we called
“JUNGLE” which has unique
combinations of High Rainfall
and High Temperature and the
plants and animals or other
living creatures that exist there
learn to adopt its changing
climate in order to survive.
and animals that are able to survive
in their own way such:
Plants:
Lianas - these are woody vines that
Kinds of plants and have roots in the ground but climb up
animals who the trees to reach the sunlight. Their
adopted inside the leaves and flowers grow in
tropical rainforest the canopy.
Tree trunks - these are tall and thin
to allow trees to reach the sunlight.
The bark on these trees is smooth to
allow water to flow down to the roots
easily.
Drip tips - plants have leaves with
pointy tips. This allows water to run off
the leaves quickly without damaging
or breaking them.
Epiphytes - these are plants which
live on the branches of trees high up
in the canopy. They get their
nutrients from the air and water, not
from the soil.
Buttress roots - large roots have
ridges which create a large surface
area that help to support large trees.

Animals:
Sloth uses camouflage and moves
very slowly to make it difficult

Tropical Rainforest are
composed with four structure of
The characteristics
layers: FOREST FLOOR,
in each layers and
UNDERSTORY LAYER,
CANOPY LAYER, and
EMERGENT LAYER
That TROPICAL
RAINFOREST becomes a
home of many species and
are the oldest living ecosystem
for predators to spot.
Spider monkey has long, strong
limbs to help it to climb through the
rainforest trees.
Flying frog has fully webbed hands
and feet, and a flap of loose skin that
stretches between its limbs, which
allows it to glide from plant to plant.
Toucan has a long, large bill to allow
it to reach and cut fruit from branches
that are too weak to support its
weight.
That each layers has different
unique characteristics that are
based on water, sunlight and air
calculation.
1st is FOREST FLOOR: the very
bottom layer that receives 2% of
sunlight, plants in this layer
adopted to grow in low-light, it also
contain decaying matter and
recycle its nutrients by use for
other organisms.
2nd UNDERSTORY LAYER: the
between part, the dark and the
gloomy, it shielded from the
weather above, it is a home and a
good nursery for young saplings
such birds, small mammals,
how each layers
insects, reptiles and predator.
manage.
3rd CANOPY LAYER: the primary
layer or can be called the roof of
the forest, that contains most of
the largest trees and broad leaves
that take advantage of the bright
sun to power the forest rapid
growth..
4th EMERGENT LAYER: this layer
has tall and large trees that poke
out and grow above the canopy
and be able to withstand the very
hot temperature, also a providing
habitat for large birds and primate
species.
How does TROPICAL RAINFOREST are
TROPICAL one of the world’s most complex
RAINFOREST be ecosystems because of it’s hot
formed? and humid environment; the
nutrients present in organic
 matter are cycled out of the soil
and into growing vegetation
extremely rapidly. Animals or bits
of foliage that die and fall to the
forest floor are quickly scavenged
by other organisms to support the
forest's rapid growth. which
together form a unique structure
that rises in stories from the forest
on the planet. floor to the tops of the tallest trees.
Each of these layers holds its own
unique community of plants,
animals and other creatures that
interact to create a rainforest. This
complex ecosystem is a sum that
is truly more than its parts, but its
complexity means that
disturbances to individual layers
are in fact threats to the entire
forest’s natural order.  

2. Answer the following questions:

a. What can you infer of the physical characteristics such as (a) rainfall/ moisture, (b) temperature, (c) soil
type, (d) sunlight, (e) geographical location?
There are characteristics of our rainforest that we need to be aware of; rainforest are found through
tropics places. Its climate is a major driving factor in biome location and certainly has an interesting climate
which is found in warm and wet locations where rainforest can exceed 2,000 mm. per year. The average
temperature is about 27 degrees and it’s rarely fluctuates because the sun is overhead for much of the time in
low latitudes. Rainfall is very high because of the low pressure forming in equatorial regions rapidly rising
warm air full of moisture to create clouds and very heavy rainfall. We might think that rainforest soil are
teeming with nutrients because of the dense lush vegetation, not it’s not the case, its soil are actually infertile
with most nutrients being found at the surface. Dead and decaying plants and animals will decompose very
quickly in the hot humid environment. Trees will have quite shallow roots in order to absorb the nutrients that
come from the forest themselves. In essence it’s like forest is feeding itself through nutrients cycling where
tree cover is reduced, heavy tropical rain can quickly erode the soils. Rainforest has a vast array of plants and
animals with largest number of species of any biome. Plants have adopted the rainforest environment with
trees growing quickly to great heights in order to reach the sunlight.

b. What animals may live in this forest? What enable these animals to live in this habitat?
 Rainforests are populated with insects (like butterflies and beetles), arachnids (like spiders and ticks),
worms, reptiles (like snakes and lizards), amphibians (like frogs and toads), birds (like parrots and
toucans) and mammals (like sloths and jaguars).These animals are enable to live in this habitat
because they are being physically adapted to the environment and to its unique condition of
ecosystem. They must adopt the environment for them to survive also the tropical rainforest is
overflowing with such diversity.

c. What plants are dominant?

Some of Dominant Plants that are found in a Tropical Rainforest are:

The Orchids. Nothing suggests the tropical rainforest as much as the colorful orchid. ...
The Bromeliads. The bromeliads found in the rainforest are related to the pineapple family of plants. ...
The Strangler Fig or ficus trees, are considered “killer trees” and eventually wrap their roots around a host tree
and suffocate it until the host dies. The strangler fig starts off as a seed in the high canopy
of the rainforest, and its roots then attach to the forest floor.

d. What interactions among organisms may be found in this ecosystem? List as many and describe each one.
 Because the rain forest is a very diverse habitat, it contains many different species
of plants and animals in close proximity to each other. These are some of the interaction
among organisms that are found inside the rainforest which is part in our ecosystem.

-Symbiosis:
Mutualism-
Leafcutter ants and certain fungi -The ants cultivate the fungus by cutting leaves and carrying these
leaf fragments to the fungus garden. The fungus then grows on the plant material.
Monarch butterflies and native milkweed plants - The monarch butterflies enjoy the nectar from the
flowers and help pollinate the plants. The successful pollination allows the milkweed
to thrive and thus provide more nurseries for the crucial 'fourth generation'
of monarchs.
Monkey eating fruit plants - the primates eating fruit from a plant aid in seed dispersal. In this
relationship, the primates obtain food from plants or trees, and in turn,
they help transport the seeds to other areas.  
Algae and fungi- the two parts that make up lichen. The algae use photosynthesis to provide
food for itself and the fungi. In return, the fungi retain water, which helps
the algae obtain minerals.
Commensalism
Pseudo Scorpion and Large Beetle- the scorpion will hide underneath a large beetle for
protection from predators, the scorpion will also hide under the beetles
wings for shelter
Orchids (examples of epiphytes) found in tropical rainforests grow on the branches of trees in
to access light, but the presence of the orchids does not affect the trees.
Birds nesting in trees- The tree are not harmed by the presence of the nest among its branches
Tree frog lives in bromeliads- the frogs get shelter and water from the bromeliad, but the
Bromeliad is unaffected.
.
Parasitism
. Rafflesia arnoldii - grows on the floor of the tropical rainforest and is parasitic to
rainforest lianas, or vines. It has the largest flower of any species,
which gives off the aroma of rotting flesh that attracts flies to assist
in pollination. Parasitic plants are adapted to live on the forest floor
or high up in the top canopy layer

Loa Loa- Also known as an African eye worm, the loa loa is a nematode that infects
humans through deerfly bites in swamps and rainforests These worms
move beneath the skin and through the bloodstream during the day.
Should the loa loa hold still long enough, it will leave a visible, worm-
shaped welt on the skin called a calabar swelling. At night, the loa loa
retreats to the lungs. Adult worms have also been known to live in
human eyes, where they are also visible and can be removed safely. 

Candiru -Also known as a vampire or toothpick fish, the candiru lives in Rainforest

Rivers throughout much of South America. This small, thin fish survives by
entering the gills of fish and pinning itself in place with its spines. Once
positioned, it drinks the blood of its host. 
 Land Leeches- live on every continent except Antarctica, and even then, they can still
be found in the Antarctic Ocean. Although leeches have a reputation for
being bloodsuckers, most have no interest in humans. 

Predation and Herbivory

Carnivorous pitcher plant-that preys upon insects by luring them into the elongated tube
where the insects get trapped, die and are then digested.

The Black Caiman-The largest species of the Alligatoridae family is the largest predator in
the Amazon ecosystem. It eats turtles, fish, birds, and some land-
dwelling animals.
Harpy eagle, known as the “king of the Jungle Canopy”, is another elusive inhabitant of the
reserve. Known to feed on sloths, monkeys, large birds and even Brocket deer,
harpy eagles are the largest raptor in the Amazon.
The Anaconda Snake - it spend most of its time in the dark waters of the river where they can
be difficult to seebelong to the constrictor family, which means they kill
their prey by choking and then digest them whole.

The Elusive Jaguar-One of the most rarely seen apex predators in Tambopata is jaguar. The
largest feline species of the Americas, the jaguar is occasionally spotted on
boat trips as it stalks along the shoreline. Jaguars prey upon peccaries, tapirs
and a number of other species found in the region. 

e. Why and how should we protect, conserve this ecosystem?

 The environment we live in is very important to us, as well as the future generations. We are
closely connected to our environment and taking care of it is not just a responsibility, it’s a
privilege. Our ecosystems provide various functions and services that directly or indirectly
benefit us as a human. The ecosystems provide food, breathable air and clean water, as well
as supplies for different industries; Ecosystems are our life support systems. We, humans, are
actually part of the ecosystems itself that should be living in harmony with other organisms. In
order to protect our ecosystem as well as our environment we must become conservative to
our surroundings, we have to conserve in using our natural resources, such as water, energy,
and food. We must learn to educate ourselves to control and prioritize our necessary needs.
Let us be part in reforestation program to help in restoring our nature like planting and
nurturing a tree. Our simple effort is a big help to our environment.