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المساھمة في الدراسة الاستقصائیة لتطبیق المستخلصات
المساھمة في الدراسة الاستقصائیة لتطبیق المستخلصات
إﻟ ﺛ ة ﺟﻬ اﻟ ت ﻷﻗ ﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﺎة .أﻫ ﻷرﺗﺎح ،ﻣ ﺷﺎرﻓ إﻟﻰ ﻣ ﺳﻬ ت اﻻﻧﺎم ...وﺗﻌ
ا وﺻﻐ ا إﻟﻰ أﺟ اد ....ﺟ اﺗﻲ ....أﻋ ﺎﻣﻲ ....ﻋ ﺎﺗﻲ ....أﺧ اﻟﻲ ....ﺧﺎﻟ ﻲ وﻟﻰ ﻞ ﻋﺎﺋﻠ ﻲ
ﺑ زﻗﺎق ﺑ رﺔ
ﺗﻲ ﻋﻼو ﻣ ﻌ دة ﻣﺔ ﻣ ﻟﻸﺳ ﺎذة اﻟ ﺟ ﻞ اﻟ وﻻأﻧ ﻰ ﺎﻟ
ﻋ ﻧﻲ. إﻟﻰ ﻣ أﺗ ﻰ أن ﺗ ﻘﻰ ﺻ رﻫ ﺑ
1
ﻔﻰ وأﻫﻠﻪ وﻣ وﻓﻰ أﻣﺎ ﻌ :اﻟ اﻟ و ﻔﻰ واﻟ ﻼة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ اﻟ
ﺗ ﺎ ﻫ ﻩ ﺛ ة اﻟ ﻬ واﻟ ﺎح ﺗ ﺎ اﻟ راﺳ ﺔ ة ﻓﻲ ﻣ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ وﻓﻘ ﺎ ﻟ اﻟ
ﻔ ﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ أﻫ ﯾﻬﺎ
ﻓﺔ اﻷﺳ ﺎذة وأﺳ ﻰ ﻋ ﺎرات اﻟ ﻘ ﯾ واﻟﻌ ﻓﺎن واﻻﻣ ﺎن إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳ ﺎذة اﻟ ﻋ ﺎرات اﻟ ﻧ ﻘ م ﺄﺧﻠ
ﻬﺎ ﻣﺔ :ﻋﻼو ﻣ ﻌ دة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗ ﻞ أﻋ ﺎء اﻹﺷ اف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫ ا اﻟﻌ ﻞ ،وﻋﻠﻰ ﺗ ﺟ ﻬﻬﺎ وﻧ اﻟ
اﻟ اء. ﻗ ﻠﻬﺎ ،ﻓ اﻫﺎ ﷲ ﻋ ﺎ ﺧ ﺎ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣ ﺔ اﻟ ﻲ ﺣ ﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟ ﻟ ﺎ .ﻛ ﺎ ﻧ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗ ﻟﻪ رﺋﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﻠ ﺔ واﻷﺳ ﺎذة رﺣ أم ﺔ اﺣ ام وﺗﻘ ﯾ ﻟﻸﺳ ﺎذ ﺑﻠﻔﺎر ﷴ اﻷﺧ و ﻧ ﺟﻪ ﺑ
3
ﻗﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟ ﻣ ز
ﺷ ة اﻟ ﺎر. I
ﺗ ﺎر اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ. icorr
ﻛ ن اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ. Ecorr
ﺎﺋﻲ اﻷﻧ د واﻟ ﺎﺗ د . اﻟ ة ﻟ ﻞ ﻣ اﻟ ﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟ ﻬ و ﺎﻗ ﻲ اﻟ *ΔGa* , ΔGC
ﺳ ﻋﺔ اﻟ ﻔﺎﻋﻞ. V
V
ﻗﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟ ﻣ ز
اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎب اﻟ ﯾ ﺎﻣ ﻲ PDP
ﺔ اﻟ ﻔ ﺔ ﻛ ن اﻟ PZC
VI
ﻗﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻷﺷ ﺎل
VIII
ﻗﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟ اول
ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﺪاول
43 اء ﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻓﻲ وﺳ ﺎت ﺧ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ ﻗﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟ ول )(1-Ⅲ اﻟ
ﻲ ).(HCl ﺣ
56 اء ﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻓﻲ وﺳ ﺎت ﺧ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ ﻗﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟ ول )(2-Ⅲ اﻟ
ﻲ )(H2SO4 ﺣ
61 ﻲ اء ﻟﻠﻔ ﻻذ ﻓﻲ وﺳ ﺣ ﺎت ﺧ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ ﻗﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟ ول )(3-Ⅲ اﻟ
)ﻣ ات(.
65 ﺗ ﻠ ﻞ ﻣﻘﺎل ل Inhibitive effect of xylopia ferruginea extract on the ول )(4-Ⅲ اﻟ
corrosion of mild steel in 1M HCl medium
67 ﻠ ﺎت X.ferrugineaﻋﻠﻰ MSﻓﻲ ﻣ اﻟ ول ) (1-4-Ⅲﻧ ﺎﺋﺞ دراﺳﺔ اﻹﺳ ﻘ ﺎب ﻟ ﺄﺛ
(1M) HCl وﺳ
68 ﻠ ﺎت )(X.ferrugineaﻋﻠﻰ MSﻓﻲ وﺳ ﻣ اﻟ ول ) (2-4-Ⅲﻧ ﺎﺋﺞ دراﺳﺔ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﻟ ﺄﺛ
1M HCl
69 ﺗ ﻠ ﻞ ﻣﻘﺎل ل Argemone mexicana leaf extract for inhibition of mild ول)(5-Ⅲ اﻟ
steel corrosion in sulfuric acid solutions
73 ﻠ ﺎت ) (A.mexicanaﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻣ ﻧ ﺎﺋﺞ دراﺳﺔ اﻹﺳ ﻘ ﺎب ﻟ ﺄﺛ ول )(1-5-Ⅲ اﻟ
ﻓﻲ وﺳ (0.5M) H2SO4 اﻟﻠ
74 اﻷوراق ﻟ ﺎت ) (A.mexicanaﻋﻠﻰ ﻠ ﻣ اﻟ ول ) (2-5-Ⅲﻧ ﺎﺋﺞ دراﺳﺔ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﻟ ﺄﺛ
ﺳ ﺢ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻓﻲ وﺳ ) 0.5M (H2SO4
75 ﺗ ﻠ ﻞ ﻣﻘﺎل ل use of saraca ashoka extract as green corrosion ول )(6 -Ⅲ اﻟ
inhibitor for mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4
77 ﻣ ﻠﻔﺔ ﻣ ﺔ ﺑ اﻛ واﻟ ﻐ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ ول ) (1-6-Ⅲﻗ اﻟ زن اﻟ ﻔﻘ د و ﻔﺎءة اﻟ
).(SA
78 ﻓﻲ 0.5Mﻣ H2SO4ﻓﻲ وﺟ د وﻏ ﺎب اﻟ ول ) (2-6-Ⅲﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎب ﻟﻠﻔ ﻻذ اﻟﻠ
)(S.A. ﻠ ﻣ
78 ﻓﻲ (0.5 M) H2SO4ﻓﻲ ﻏ ﺎب و وﺟ د ﺗ اﻛ اﻟ ول ) (3-6-Ⅲﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ) (EISﻟﻠﻔ ﻻذ اﻟﻠ
)(S.A. ﻠ ﻣ ﻠﻔﺔ ﻣ ﻣ
80 ﺗ ﻠ ﻞ ﻣﻘﺎل Inhibition and adsorption of oil extract of Balanites ول )(7-Ⅲ اﻟ
aegyptiaca seeds on the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid
environment
82 ﻓﻲ ) (1Mﻣ HClﻓﻲ وﺟ د وﻏ ﺎب ﺗ اﻛ ﻟﻠﻔ ﻻذ اﻟﻠ اﻟ ول ) (1-7-Ⅲﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟ
IX
ﻗﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟ اول
X
ﺎت ﻗﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟ
ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت
7 ﻣ ﻠﻒ أﻧ اع اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ................................................ )(1-Ⅰ اﻟ
9 اﻷﺷ ﺎل اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ............................................ )(2-Ⅰ اﻟ
16 ﺎت.................................................. ﻒ اﻟ ﺗ )(3-Ⅰ اﻟ
XI
اﻟﻔﻬ س
XII
اﻟﻔﻬ س
XIII
اﻟﻔﻬ س
XIV
ﻣﻘ ﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ
ﻣ ﺎﺷ ن ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻼﻣ ﺑﻬﺎ و اﻟ ﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟ ﺳ اﻟ ﺎﺋﻲ أو اﻟ ﻬ و ﺑ اﺳ ﺔ اﻟ ﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟ
ﺎد ﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻘﺎم اﻷول ،ﻓﻬﻲ اﻫ ﺎم اﻟ ول اﻟﻐ ﺔ ﻧ ا ﻟ ﻧﻬﺎ ﻣ ﻠﺔ اﻗ ﻠﺔ ﻣ و ﺗﻌ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ
و أوﺳﻊ ﻠﺔ أﻋ ﺎت ﻣﻼﯾ اﻟ وﻻرات ﺳ ﺎ ،أﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ول اﻟﻌ ﺔ ﻓﺈن اﻟ ﻓﻲ ﺧ ﺎرة ﺗﻘ ر ﺗ
اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ واﻟ ﺎﻟ ﻒ اﻟﻌﺎﻟ ﺔ ﺟ ا ﻹﻋﺎدة اﻟﻌ ان ،ﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺂت اﻟ ﻋ ﺔ ﻟﻘ ﻧ
اﻟ ارة اﻟ ﺗﻔﻌﺔ وﻧ ﺔ اﻷﻣﻼح اﻟﻌﺎﻟ ﺔ وﻣ ﺎﻛﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻩ اﻟ ﻓ ﺔ وﺗﺄﺛ اﺗﻬﺎ ،ﻞ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟﻌ اﻣﻞ زادت ﻣ
ﻠﺔ ﻟ أن ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ ﺎﻟ ة ﺟ ا ،وﻣ اﻟ ﯾ ﻘﺔ ﺑ رﺟﺔ ﻣ ﺎﻛﻞ ﺣ وث ﺗﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻓﻲ اﻟ
ﺂت وﻫ ا اﻷﻣ إﻟﻰ اﻻﻧﻬ ﺎر اﻟ ﻔﺎﺟﺊ ﻟﻠ ﺎ ،ﻓ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﯾ د ﺔأ وﻧ ﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺎد ﺔ ﻓ اﻗ
اﻷوﺳﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻣ ﻪ ﻘﺎت اﻟﻬ ﺳ ﺔ وﻣﻘﺎوﻣ ﻪ اﻟ ﻌ ﻔﺔ ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌ وﻧ ا ﻷﻫ ﺔ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻓﻲ اﻟ
ث اﻟﻌﻠ ﺔ ﻟ راﺳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ ﻪ ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ،و ﺣ ﺎب ﻠﻔﺔ اﻟ ﺎ ﺔ ﻣ ﻪ اﻟﻌ ﯾ ﻣ اﻟ .ﻟ ا أﺟ ﻣ ﻠﺔ اﻟﻌ
ﺿ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ،ﻓﻬﻲ ﺎت ﻟ ﻧﻬﺎ واﺣ ﻣ أﻓ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎرات ﻟ ﺎ ﺔ اﻟ ﻌﺎدن واﻟ ﺎﺋ ام اﻟ ﺎﺳ وذﻟ
ﻌﺔ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎت ،اﻟ ﺗﻌ ﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﻠ ﻞ اﻟ ﻔﺎﻋﻞ أو ﻣ ﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟ ﻌ ن ،و ﻣ أﻓ ﻞ أﻧ اع اﻟ
ق ﻞ ﻻ ﺳﺎﻣﺔ وﻏ ﺔ دة ،ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻠ ﻞ اﻟ ﻟ ﺟﻲ وﻏ ﻬ ﻟﺔ وﻣ ﻣ ﻠﻔﺔ ،ﻣ ﺎﺣﺔ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﻏ
اﺳ ﻼﺻﻬﺎ ﻣ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﺎﻷﺣ ﺎض اﻵﻣ ﺔ ،اﻟﻘﻠ ات و اﻟﻔﻼﻓ ﻧ ات وﻏ ﻫﺎ ،اﻟ ﻲ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﻟ
2
ﻣﻘ ﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ
ﺎﻫ ة )ﺗﻌ ﻔﻬﺎ ،أﻧ اﻋﻬﺎ ،اﻟ ق اﻟ ﻌ ة ﻫ دراﺳﺔ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ وﻣ ﻫ ﺎ ﺎن ﻫ ﻓ ﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫ ا اﻟ
ﻣ ﺗﺂﻛﻞ أو اﻟ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ و ﻔﺎءﺗﻬﺎ ﻟﻠ ﻓﻌﺎﻟ ﺔ وﻗ رة اﻟ ﻟ راﺳ ﻬﺎ ،(...واﻟ ﻌ ف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ
اء ،وﺟ اء دراﺳﺎت ﻣ ﻬﺎ ﺎت اﻟ ث ﻟﻠ ﺄﺧ ﻣ ﻠﻒ اﻟ ﺔ ،وذﻟ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻓﻲ اﻷوﺳﺎ
3
ﻣﻘ ﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ
" ،(1988) ،اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ،أﺳ ﺎ ﻪ و ق اﻟ ﺎن ﺧﻠﻒ ﷴ اﻟ رﺟﻲ ،د .ﻋ اﻟ اد ﷴ وأﺣ ] [1د .ﻗ
ﺔ واﻵﺛﺎر اﻟ ﻟ ﺟﻲ ﺣ ﺎ ﺔ اﻟ ﻬ د ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ،و رﺟ .ﻣﻬﺎ " ،(2011) ،اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑ ] [2أﺣ .ﻣ
ث واﻟ راﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﻠ ﺔ ،اﻟ ﻠ ،33 :اﻟﻌ د ،3:ص. 101-111: ﻟﻠ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ" ،ﻣ ﻠﺔ ﺗ
4
ﻋﻣوﻣﯾﺎت ﺣول اﻟﺗﺂﻛل
ﻋ ﻣ ﺎت ﺣ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻷول
ﻋ ﻠ ﺔ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ.
ات اﻷﺧ ة ،وﻧ ا ﺎت ﺗ ار ﺳ ﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ام اﻟ ﺎت اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ،وﻟﻘ ﺷﻬ اﺳ وأﺿ ارﻩ ﺎﺳ ﻌ ﺎل ﻣ
ﺑﻬﺎ، ﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟ ﺳ اﻟ ﺎﺋﻲ أو ﻬ و اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻫ ﻋ ﺎرة ﻋ ﺗﻠﻒ اﻟ ﺎدة ﺑ اﺳ ﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ
أو اﻟﻌﺎد ﻫ اﻟﻬ اء اﻟ اﻟ ﻣ ﺎﺷ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ،ﺳ اء ﺎن ﻫ ا اﻟ ﺳ ن ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻼﻣ اﻟ
ﺎﻧ ﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻌ ن ].[3 اﻟ ﺎﺋ ﻠ ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌ ﺎﺋ ﺔ و اﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ ،وأﺛ اﻟﻔ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ،اﻟ
6
ﻋ ﻣ ﺎت ﺣ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻷول
أﻧ اع اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ
و ن ﻣ ﺎﻧ اﻟ ﻌ ن واﻟ ر اﻟﻐﺎز ،ﺑ ﻗ ع ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻏ ث ﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺟﺎف :و أ -ﺗﺂﻛﻞ
ﺎ ن اﻟ ﺳ إﻣﺎ ﻣﻌ ﻻ ،ﺣ اﻟ ﻌ ن واﻟ ر اﻟ ﺎﺋﻞ ﺣ ثﺑ : ﺎﺋﻲ ر ب -ﺗﺂﻛﻞ
7
ﻋ ﻣ ﺎت ﺣ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻷول
ﺎت ،ﻣ ﺎر( ﺣ ﺎ ،ﻓ ﻠﻒ اﻟ ﺎﺋ ﺎت اﻟ ﻗ ﻘﺔ ) اﻟ ﻟ ﺔ اﻟ ﺎ اﻟ ث ﻫ ا اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻧ
و ﺟ ﻧ ﻋﺎن ﻣ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ ﺎﺋ ﺎت اﻟ ﺔ اﻷﻛﺎﻟﺔ:
واﻟ ات.
ﺎ ،ﻌ ﻬﺎ ﻣ اﻟ ﺎ اﺗ ﺎﻩ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ وﺟ د ﻧ ﻋ ﺣ ل ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟ اﻷ ﺎث اﻟ ﻲ أﺟ وﻗ أﺛ
اﻟ ﻔﺎﻋﻼت ﯾ اﻵﺧ ﻬﺎ واﻟ ﻌ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌ اﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﻬ روﺟ ﺔ ﻻﺳ اﻟ ﻔﺎﻋﻼت اﻟ ﻬ ﯾ
ﻌ ﺔ].[5 اﻟ
ﻠﺔ ﻘﺔ اﻟ ﻟﻠ ﻌ ن وﻟﻰ اﻟ ﺔ أو اﻟ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻫ ﻒ ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ إﻟﻰ ﺧ ﺎﺋ ﻫ ا اﻟ
8
ﻋ ﻣ ﺎت ﺣ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻷول
اﻟﻌﺎم
اﻻﺧ ﺎر اﻟﻐﻠﻔﺎﻧﻲ
اﺷ ﺎل
اﻻﺟﻬﺎد اﻟ ﺿﻌﻲ
اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ
ﺎﻟ ﻌ ﺔ
ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺳ ﺢ اﻟ اﺧﻠ ﺔ و ن ﻣﻌ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺷ ﻋﺎ ،ﺣ إن ﻫ ا اﻟ ع ﻣ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻫ اﻷﻛ
اﻟ ﺎرﺟ ﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻌ ن ].[7][2
ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﺑ ﺎرﺔ ﻬ و ﻞ أو ﺛ ﺎﺋﻲ اﻟ ﻌ ن ،وﻫ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻣ ﺗ ﻣﻌ ﻧ ﺎﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﺑ ﻟ ﻰ و
إﻟﻰ إﺗﻼف اﻟ ﻌ ن اﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ أﻛﺎل أﯾ ﻧﻲ ﯾ د
ﻬ ﺎﺋ ﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣ ﻠ ل ّ أو ﻣ ﺗ ﻠ إﻣﺎ ﻣ ﻣﻌ ﻧ
].[2
].[7 ﻌ ﻬﺎ اﻟ ﻌ ﺗ ن ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ ﻘ ب ﻣﻌ وﻟﺔ أو ﻗ ﺔ ﻣ
9
ﻋ ﻣ ﺎت ﺣ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻷول
ﺗ ﺟﺎت ].[6][4
ﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺎت ،ارﺗﻔﺎع و اﻧ ﻔﺎض ﻧ ﺔ أﺣ ﻋ ﺎﺻ اﻟ ﻋ ﺣ ود اﻟ ﻧﻔ ﻬﺎ .وﻫ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻋ وﺟ د ﺷ اﺋ
].[4][2 اﻟ ﻠ
10
ﻋ ﻣ ﺎت ﺣ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻷول
أﻧ د ﺔ ].[2
ﻲ ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻐﻠﻔﺎﻧﻲ اﻟ ﻞ )Iـ :(2رﺳ ﺗ ﻲ ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟ اﻟ ﻞ )Iـ :(1رﺳ ﺗ
ﻲ ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﺎﻟ ﻘ اﻟ ﻞ )Iـ :(4رﺳ ﺗ ﺎت اﻟ ﻲ ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﺑ اﻟ ﻞ )Iـ :(3رﺳ ﺗ
11
ﻋ ﻣ ﺎت ﺣ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻷول
ﻲ ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟ ﻘﻲ اﻟ ﻞ)Iـ :(8رﺳ ﺗ ﻲ ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻹﺧ ﺎر اﻟ ﻞ )Iـ :(7رﺳ ﺗ
ﺎﺋ ارﺗ ﺎ ﺎ وﺛ ﻘﺎ ا أﺳﺎﺳ ﺎ ﻟﻌ ﻠ ﺔ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟ ﻲ ﺗ ﺗ ﻋ اﻟ ﺳ اﻟ ﺳ :ﻌ Iـ5ـ .1ﺗﺄﺛ
ﺿﺔ(. اﻟ ﺎﻻت ﺎﻧ ﻔﺎض ال ) pHزﺎدة اﻟ :pHﺗ ﺗﻔﻊ ﻧ ﺔ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌ Iـ5ـ .2ﺗﺄﺛ
12
ﻋ ﻣ ﺎت ﺣ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻷول
ﻠﺔ ﻋ ) (18-15 mg/lﻓﻲ O2اﻟ ﺎ ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ زﺎدة ﻧ ﺔ اﻷو نﻣ ﺛﺎﻧ ﺎ:
اﻷوﺳﺎ اﻟ ﺎﺋ ﺔ.
اﻟ ﺎﻻت اﻟ ﺎدرة ﻓﻲ ﺳ ﻋﺔ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ،إﻻ ﻓﻲ ﻌ درﺟﺔ اﻟ ارة :إن زﺎدة درﺟﺔ اﻟ ارة ﯾ Iـ5ــ .4ﺗﺄﺛ
ﻼﺋ اﻟ ﺎس و اﻷﻛ ة ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻠ ل ،واﻟ ﻰ ﺗ ﻌﻠ اﻟ اﺋ ﺎﻟﺔ ﺣ ف اﻷﻛ ث اﻟﻌ أﯾ
وﻟ . ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻹﻟ ﻓﻲ زﺎدة اﻟ ﻠ ﺣﺔ وﻧﻘ ﻘﺔ ﻣ ﺎﺷ ة ﺗ اﻟ ﻠﻔﺎت :ﺗ ﺛ اﻟ ﻠﻔﺎت :6-5-Iﺗﺄﺛ
ق اﻟ ﺎ ﺔ ﻣ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ: .6-I
ﺔ اﻟ ﻘ ﺔ ،أﻣﺎ ﺎﻟ ﻘﺎوﻣﺔ أﻓ ﻞ ﺿ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻣ اﻟ ﻌﺎدن ﻏ رة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺗ ﺎز اﻟ ﻌﺎدن اﻟ ﻘ ﺔ
13
ﻋ ﻣ ﺎت ﺣ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻷول
ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻘﺔ ﺣﺎﻣ ﺔ ﻣ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻌ ن أو ﻣﺎدة أﺧ ﻘﺔ ﺑ ﻐ ﺔ اﻟ ﻌﺎدن واﻟ ﺎﺋ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ ﺗﻌ
ﻞ أﻓ ﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ة ﺢ ﺎﻹﻣ ﺎن اﻟ اﻟ ﺎﻋ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟ ﺳ ﺧ ﺎﺋ ﺗﻐ ﻋ
].[6][4][2
أو اﻟ ﺟ . ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗ ﺎﻩ اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﻋﻠﻰ إزاﺣﺔ ﺟﻬ اﻟﻘ أن ﺗ ن ﺎﺗ د ﺔ أو أﻧ د ﺔ ،وﺗﻌ
.1-4-6-Iاﻟ ﺎ ﺔ اﻟ ﺎﺗ د ﺔ:
،ﺗﻌ ﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾ ﻌ م ﺗﺄﺛ ﻫﺎ ﺧﺎرج ﻫ ا اﻟ وﻟ ﻲ ،ﺣ اﻹﻟ م ﻟ ﻊ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﺳ ﺗ
14
ﻋ ﻣ ﺎت ﺣ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻷول
اﻟ ﻌ ن ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗ ﺎﻩ اﻟ ﺎﻟ ،إﻟﻰ ﻗ ﺔ أﻗﻞ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻣﻊ إزاﺣﺔ ﺟﻬ ﻗ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻠ ﺔ ﻬ و اﻟ ﺎﻟ اﻟﻘ
.2-4-6-Iاﻟ ﺎ ﺔ اﻷ ﻧ د ﺔ:
ﻌﻠﻬﺎ أﻗ ﺎ ﺎ ﻣ ﺟ ﺔ ﺈزاﺣﺔ ﻓ ق ﺟﻬ ﻫﺎ إﻟﻰ أ وذﻟ ﻘﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻌﺎدن اﻟ ﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻟﻠ م ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ ﺗ
اﻟ ﺂﻛﻠﻲ ﺎت ﻗﻠ ﻠﺔ ،ﺗ د إﻟﻰ ﺣﻔ أو إزاﻟﺔ اﻟ ﺄﺛ ﻫﻲ ﻋ ﺎرة ﻋ ﻣ اد ﺗ ﺎف إﻟﻰ وﺳ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ
ﺔ ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ .و ن ﻋ ﻠﻬﺎ ﻣ ون أو أﯾ ن( اﻟ ﺎت )إﻟ ﻟﻬ ا اﻟ ﺳ .أو ﻫﻲ ﻣ اد ﺗﻌ ض ﺗ ﻓ اﻟ
15
ﻋ ﻣ ﺎت ﺣ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻷول
آﻟ ﺔ ﻋ ﻞ واﺣ ة ﻟ أن ﻧ ﻌ ﻏﺎﻟ ﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺎت ﻣ ﻋﺔ ،ﻟ إن آﻟ ﺔ و ق ﻋ ﻞ اﻟ
اﻟ ﺎﻟﻲ: ﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﻒ اﻟ اﻟ و اﻟﻌ ﻠ ﺔ .ﻟ ا ﺗ ﺗ ﺣ أن ﺗ ﻐ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ
ﺗﺻﻧﯾف اﻟﻣﺛﺑطﺎت
ﻣ ﺎل اﺳ ﻌ ﺎﻟﻬﺎ: أ ـــ ﺣ
اﻟ ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ.
ﺎت اﻟ ﺎت اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ ز ت ﺗ ﻣ ﺎت ﻣﻌ ة ﻣ ﺔ :ﺗ ﻌ ﻞ ﻋ أوﺳﺎ
واﻟ ﻗ د.
ﺎﺳﺔ ﻣ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﺎت ﻣ اﺟﻞ ﺣ ﺎ ﺔ اﻷﺟﻬ ة اﻟ ﻗ ﻘﺔ واﻟ م اﻟ أوﺳﺎ ﻏﺎز ﺔ :ﻋ ﻣﺎ ﺗ
ﺔ. ﻋ ﺔ وﻏ ﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ ﺎﻟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻋ ﻒ اﻟ ﻬﺎ( :ﺗ ﻌ ﻬﺎ )ﺗ ب ــــ ﺣ
16
ﻋ ﻣ ﺎت ﺣ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻷول
ﺔ ﺎت ﻋ ﺔ أﻧ ﻧ ﺔ وﻣ ﺎت ﻋ رﻫﺎ ﻧ ﺎﺗﻲ أو ﺣ اﻧﻲ وﻫﻲ ﻧ ﻋﺎن :ﻣ وﻋﺎدة ﻣ
ﻛﺎﺗ ﻧ ﺔ ].[9][8
اﻟ ﻌﺎدن ،أو ﻫﻲ ﻣ ﺎت ﺗ د إﻟﻰ ﺗﻐ ﺔ ﺎت أﻧ د ﺔ )ﻣ ﻌ ﺔ( :ﻫﻲ اﻟ ﻲ ﺗﻘﻠﻞ ﻣ ﺗﺄﻛ ﻣ
إﻟﻰ وﻧﺎت ،ﺗ د وﻓ ﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣ ﻞ ﻻﻛ ﺎب اﻹﻟ ﺔ( :ﻫﻲ ﻣ ﺎت إﻟ ﺎت ﺎﺗ د ﺔ )ﻣﻬ ﻣ
].[6][3
اﻷﻧ د واﻟ ﺎﺗ د ﻣﻌﺎ ﺎﻓﺔ اﻟ ﺎر ﻟﻠ ﻔﺎﻋﻠ ﺎت ﺗﻌ ﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗ ﻔ ﺎت ﻣ ﻠ ﺔ :ﻫﻲ ﻣ ﻣ
اﻟ ﺂﻛﻠﻲ، ﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟ ﺳ ﻣ ﺎت ﻋ ﺎت اﻟ ﻲ ﺗ ن ﻋ ﺎرة ﻋ ﺎﻹﻣ از :ﺗ ﺎف اﻟ
17
ﻋ ﻣ ﺎت ﺣ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻷول
ﺗ ﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟ ﻌ ن ،وﺗ ن إﻣﺎ رواﺳ ﻞ رواﺳ ﻘﺔ ﺗ ﺎﻟ ﺳ :ﻓﻲ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ
ﺎﺋﻲ ﺎﻟ ﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟ اﻷ ّﻛﺎل :ﯾ إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻋ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﺳ وذﻟ ﺈزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻌ
18
ﻋ ﻣ ﺎت ﺣ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻷول
اﻟ ﺎﻣﻌ ﺔ ،ﺑ وت ﻟﻪ" ،دار اﻟ اﺗ ر" ﻫ ﺳﺔ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ واﻟ ق اﻟﻔ ﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ] [1د .إﺑ اﻫ ﺳﺎﻟ اﻟ
230 ،1991ص.
ق " ،(2010) ،اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ـ أﺳ ﺎ ﻪ ـ أﻧ اﻋﻪ ـ اﻟ اد ﷴ اﻟ ﺎن ﺧﻠﻒ ﷴ اﻟ رﺟﻲ ،ﻋ ] [2ﻗ
500 ،ﺻﻔ ﺔ. اﻟ ﺎ ﺔ ﻣ ﻪ" ،اﻟ ﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ،ﻣ ﯾ ﺔ دار اﻟ ﺎب ﻟﻠ ﺎﻋﺔ واﻟ
Euphorbia اﻟﻔﻼﻓ ﻧﻲ ﻟ ﺎت ﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻠ ] [4ﺷ ﻲ ﺳ ﺔ" ،(2009) ،دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟ ﺔ اﻟ
ﺎء ،ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ورﻗﻠﺔ. ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻲ" ،ﻣ ة ﻣﺎﺟ guyonianaﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻓﻲ وﺳ ﺣ
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ أوﺳ او ﺔ اﻟ ﺎﺗﺎت اﻟ ﻲ" ،(2007)،دراﺳﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟ ﺔ ﻌ ] [5ن .اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
،ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ورﻗﻠﺔ. ﻣﺎﺋ ﺔ" ،ﻣ ة ﻣﺎﺟ
ﻣ ﻘﺎت 4ـ أرﻞ ـ1ـ2ـ ﺛ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺛ ل ـ3ـ ﺛ ن و4ـ ﻌ ﻏ ﺎ ﺔ "،(2004) ،اﻟ ﺎﻫ ﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗ ] [6ز
ﻧﻲ 52Xﻓﻲ وﺳ ﺣﺎﻣ ﻲ وﻣﺎء ﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ اﻟ أرﻞ ـ1،2ـ ﺛ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺛ ل ـ3ـ ون .ودراﺳﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟ ﺔ ﺗ
،ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ورﻗﻠﺔ. ﺻ ﺎﻋﻲ" ،ﻣ ة ﻣﺎﺟ
ﻠ ﺎت اﻷﻋ ﺎب ﻣ ﺔ ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻟ ﻌ " ،(2007) ،دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ اﻟﻘﺎدر ﺑ ] [7ﻋ
،ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ورﻗﻠﺔ. او ﺔ" ،ﻣ ة ﻣﺎﺟ اﻟ
ﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺳ ﺎت اﻟ ﻠﻘ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ ﺔ ﻟﻌ د ﺔ ﺳ ﺔ " ،(2012) ،دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟ ﺔ اﻟ ][8
ﺧﻠ ﻞ " ،(2006) ،اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ وﺗ ﻟ ﺟ ﺎ اﻟ ﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻘ ل اﻟﻐﺎز و اﻟ ول" ،اﻟ ﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ،دار ] [9ﷴ أﺣ
واﻟ زﻊ اﻟﻘﺎﻫ ة 302 ،ﺻﻔ ﺔ. اﻟﻌﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻠ اﻟ
19
اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ و اﻟﺘﺮﻣﻮدﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﯿﺔ
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
وزن اﻟﻌ ﺔ و أﺧ أ ﻌﺎدﻫﺎ ﻗ ﻞ و ﻌ ﯾ اﻟ زن ،ﺣ ﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻐ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ 1-IIـ1ـ .2ﻣ ؤﻫﺎ :ﺗﻌ
)∆m = m − m …………..…..(2
)S = 2(LD + LH + HD) ……..(3
ﺣ :
21
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
ﺣ :
ﺳﻬ ﻟﺔ إﺟ اﺋﻬﺎ.
ﺧﻠ ﻫﺎ ﻣ اﻟ ﻌﻘ ات.
22
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
ﻠﺔ )S(t ﻞ اﺳ ﺎ ﺔ اﻟ ﺔ ﺛ ﻧﻘ م ﺑ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ،ﻣﻐ ﺎ ) e(tﻣ ﻞ :إﺷﺎرة ﻬ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ،ﺿ ﺋ ﺔ ،ﺣ ارﺔ،
ﻟﻬ ا اﻟ ﺄﺛ .
ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﺎر )I(t ن ) E(tأو ﺗﻐ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻏﺎﻟ ﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗ ن إﺷﺎرة اﻟ ﺧ ل ﻬ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ،إﻣﺎ ﺈﺣ اث ﺗﻐ
ن ن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﺎر أو ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﺗﻐ ﺛ ﺗﻘﺎس اﻻﺳ ﺎ ﺔ اﻟ ﺎﺻﻠﺔ واﻟ ﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﺗ
ﺗ ﻣ ود ﻠ ﺔ زﺟﺎﺟ ﺔ و ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟ ﻞ نﻣ أن ﻫ ا اﻟ ﻬﺎز ) i=f(Eو اﻹﺳ ﻘ ار ) .[3] E=f(tﺣ
ﺑ ﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺧﺎص.
23
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏ ﺎء ﺧ ﺎﺳﻲ اﻟﻔ ﺎت ود ﻋ ﻞ ،وﺗ ود ﻣ ﺎﻋ وﻟ ودات ،إﻟ ﻣ اﻹﻟ ﺈدﺧﺎل ﻧ ﻋ
ار].[3 إﺣ اﻫ ﻹدﺧﺎل اﻻﻛ ود اﻟ ﺟﻌﻲ ،واﻟ ﺎﻗﻲ ﻹدﺧﺎل اﻟ ﻠ ﻘﺎت ﺎﻟ
ود اﻟﻌ ﻞ].[5 ود ﻣ ﺟﻌﻲ و إﻟ ود ﻣ ﺎﻋ ،إﻟ ودات :إﻟ ﺛﻼث إﻟ اﻟ ﻲ ﺗ
ور اﻟ ﺎر ﺢ ﻣ ﺎﺣ ﻪ ﺗﻘ ر ﺑـ 1cm2 اﻟ ﻼﺗ ع ﻣ ن ﻣ ﺎﻋ : ود اﻟ اﻹﻟ
اﻟ ﻬ ﺎﺋﻲ.
24
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
ﻊ ﻠ رو اﻟ ﺗﺎﺳ م KClﺄﺧ ود ﻣ اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﻣﺎل اﻟ ود اﻟ ﺟﻌﻲ :ﻋ ﺎرة ﻋ إﻟ اﻹ ﻟ
ﺛ ﻧﻘ م ﻘ ﺎس ﺗﻐ ات اﻟ ﺎر اﻟ ﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﺧﻼل ن ﺛﺎﺑ ﻔ ض ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﻠﺔ ﻘﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ :ﺣ أ .اﻟ
اﻟ ﻣ .
25
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
ﻘﺔ ﺧ ﻟ ﺔ. ق ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟ ﺎدة داﺧﻞ اﻟ ﻠ ل ,أو ﻟ راﺳﺔ ﺗ ن ﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ دراﺳﺔ ﺗﻔ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ
ن ﺧﻼل اﻟ ﻣ . ﺗﻐ ات اﻟ ﺛ ﻧﻘ ﻔ ض ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﻠﺔ ﺗ ﺎر ﺛﺎﺑ ﻘﺔ اﻟ ﺎﻧ ﺔ :ﺣ ب .اﻟ
26
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
ﺛﺎﺑ ﺔ ﺧﻼل اﻟ ﻣ ، ﻧﺎ( ﻏ ﺗ ﺎ ار أو ﻘﺔ ﺗ ن اﻹﺷﺎرة اﻟ ﻌ ﺎة ﻟﻠ ﻠﺔ )ﺳ اء ﺎﻧ ﻓﻲ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ
]:[1 ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ ق ﻧ ﻣ ﺑ
اﺳ ﻌ ﺎل ﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ وآﻟ ﺎت ﻘﺔ اﻷﻛ ﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟ ﻐ ة وﻫﻲ اﻟ ﻫﻲ واﺣ ة ﻣ اﻟ ق اﻟ ﻬ و
( ﻓﻲ ﻗ ﺔ اﻟ اﺗ ﺎﻟ ﻐ ﻧﻪ )وذﻟ ﺟ ﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐ ﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗ ﺎس اﺳ ﺎ ﺔ اﻟ ﺗ ﻞ اﻟ
و ﻌ ﻰ ﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ:
27
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
28
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
ﻓﻲ ن ﻣﻘ ار اﻟ ﻐ ﻓﻲ ﻗ ﺔ اﻟ ﺎﻗﺔ اﻟ ة أو أن ﺎﺣ ﻪ ﺗ ﺎﻗ ﻟﻠ ﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟ ﺎدث ان
ﻋ ﻪ وﻓ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﺔ: اﻟ ﻌ ﻟﻪ ﺳﺎﻟ ﺎ ،و ﺎﺣ اﻟ ﺎﻗﺔ اﻟ ة اﻟ
ﺣ :
:Eﺟﻬ اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ.
رة ﻣ اﻵﻧ د إﻟﻰ اﻟ ﺎﺗ د ﺧﻼل ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻷﻛ ة وﻧﺎت اﻟ اﻹﻟ ﺗﻌ ﺎﺋﻲ ،ﺣ اﻟ ﺎم اﻟ ﻬ و
ﻰ ﺎﻟﻌ ﻞ اﻟ ﻬ ﺎﺋﻲ و ﻣ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻞ ﻣ أﺟﻞ اﻟ ﺎر ﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻼت اﻹرﺟﺎع ،و ﻟ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﯾ ﺗﻘ
ﺣ :
ﻋ ﻠ ﺔ أﻛ ة ﻣﻌ ن إﻟﻰ أﯾ ﻧﺎﺗﻪ ،وﻓﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺎرة ﻋ ن اﻟ ﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻵﻧ د ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ، ﻓﻲ أﻏﻠ
29
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
وﻟ . اﻟ ﻌ ن واﻹﻟ ﺢ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺑ ﺣ ﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻼت اﻻﻧ ﻘﺎﻻت اﻵﻧ د ﺔ واﻟ ﺎﺛ د ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ
ﻞ ﻞ ﺗ ازن ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺛ ﯾ ﺳ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻬ ا اﻟ ﻌ ن ،وﻓﻲ درﺟﺎت أﻛ ة ﻣ ﻠﻔﺔ ،ﺣ ﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ
اﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﻲ وذﻟ ﻌﺔ ﻣ اﻟ ﺎﻧ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟ ﻌ ن ﻓﻲ اﻟ اﻟ ﺎﻻت اﻟ ﻲ ﻰ ﺑ رﺎ ﻌ ﻰﻣ
وﻫﻲ: ﻣﺎ
ﻞ ﻣ ﺎت ﻓ ﻬﺎ اﻟ ﻌ ن )اﻟ ﯾ إﻟﻰ ﺷ ارد (Fe2+, Fe3+وﺗ ﻘﺔ اﻟ ﻲ ﯾ ﻔ أ -ﻣ ﻘﺔ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ :وﻫﻲ اﻟ
) (Fe3O4و اﻟﻬ رو ﻘﺔ واﻗ ﺔ ﻣ اﻷو ﻞ ﻓ ﻬﺎ ﻟ ﺔ :وﻫﻲ ﻣ ﻘﺔ اﻟ ﻲ ﺗ ب -ﻣ ﻘﺔ اﻟ
30
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻘﺔ واﻗ ﺔ ﻏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ،وذﻟ ﻟ ﺟ د ن ﻓ ﻬﺎ اﻟ ﻌ ن ﻏ ج -ﻣ ﻘﺔ اﻻﻣ ﺎع :وﻫﻲ ﻣ ﻘﺔ
ق ﻣ ﻬﺎ: ﺣ ﺎب ﺳ ﻋﺔ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻌ ة
ﺷ ة اﻟ ﺎر.
ﻣﻌ ﻓﺔ ﻋ ة ﻣﻌﻠ ﻣﺎت ﻣ أﻫ ﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﯾﻠﻲ ]:[11 ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻘﺔ اﻟ ﻬ و ﯾ ﺳ ﻋﺔ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﺎﻟ ﻟ
31
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
اﻟ ﻌ ن ﺢ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺑ ﺎت إﻟﻰ اﻟ ﺢ ﺎﻧ ﻘﺎل اﻟ ﺎﺋﻲ اﻟ ﺑ اﺳ ﺔ اﻟ ﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟ ﻬ و
↔ Fe2+ )أ(Fe3++e-.............
)V = (V − V ) …………(11
)i = . V = F(V − V ) …………(12
. : K , Kﺛﺎﺑ
وﻟ . ﺢ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻟﻺﻟ Feو Feﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ اﻟ ﺎردﺗ :Cﺗ ,C
∆ ∗
∗= ∆Ga )− α . F . ∆E … … … . . (15
∆ ∗
)= ∆Gc ∗ − (1 − α) . F . ∆E………(16
32
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
∆
K ′ = K . exp (1 − (1 − α) . F . .
)
ﻧ :
و ﺿﻊ:
∗
∆ K ′′ = k ′ . exp(− )/RT
∗
∆k ′′ = K ′ . exp (− )/RT
ون وﻟ وج OX/Redﻧﺠﺪ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ):(22 اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ) (21ﻓﻲ ) (12وﻣ أﺟﻞ nإﻟ ﺑﻌ
i = i + i = n. F. K C . exp(α. n. F. E⁄R. T) − n. F. K C . )exp(−(1 − α). F. E⁄R. T) … (22
)i = i + i = 0 … … … … . (24
وﻣ ﻪ ﯾ ﺞ ﻣﺎﯾﻠﻲ:
33
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
ﺎت ﻋ اﻻﺗ ان. ﺳ ﻋﺔ اﻧ ﻘﺎل اﻟ ود ،وﻫ ﻩ اﻟﻘ ﺔ ﺗ ﻞ ﺎﻓﺔ اﻟ ﺎر اﻟ ﺎدل ﻟ ﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻹﻟ :i
ﺎت ﻣ ﺎو ﻋ ﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻧ ﻘﺎل اﻟ أﺻ ﺎف oxو redاﻟ نﺗ ﻣ ﺷ و اﻻﺗ ان،
ﺎ ﺔ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ Butler-Volmerﺑ ﻻﻟﺔ :i )*( (**) ،واﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )(22 ﻣ اﻟﻌ ﺎرﺗ
ﺣ :
34
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
ﻪ ﺗﻘ ن أو ﻓ ق اﻟ ﻬ ηو ﻟ ﺎﻓﺔ اﻟ ﺎر ﺑ ﻻﻟﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻠ ﻏﺎر اﻟﻌ ﻰ ﺗﺎﻓﺎل ﺗﻐ ﻞﻣ
) a = −2.303B Log(i
b = 2.303B
) a = −2.303B Log(i
b = 2.303B
35
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
ﻧﺳ ﻣ ﻰ ﺗﻌ ض ﻟﻪ( وﻷﺧ ﻓ ة ﻣﻔ ﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣ ﺔ اﻟ ﻔﺎﻋﻼت ﻋ اﻟ ﺎﻓﺔ اﻟ ﺎر اﻟ ﻋ ﻬﺎ
36
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
37
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
ن ]:[12
ﻟ ﯾ ﺎ:
ﯾ اوح ،ﺣ ﺗ ﺎر اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ واﻟ ﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺑ ﺔ اﻟﻌ ﻲ ﺑ ﺗ ل ﻫ ﻩ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻷﺧ ة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﺎﺳ
38
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
ﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺳ ﺎت اﻟ ﻠﻘ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ ﺔ ﻟﻌ د ﺔ .ﺳ ﺔ" ،(2012) ،دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠ ﺔ اﻟ ][1
اﻟ ﺎﻣﻌﻲ، ﻟﻪ" ،دار اﻟ ﺗ ر .أﺣ " ،(2000) ،ﻫ ﺳﺔ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ واﻟ ق اﻟﻔ ﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ] [2ﺳﺎﻟ ﻣ
ﺑ وت.
ﻠ ﺎت اﻷﻋ ﺎب ﻣ ﺔ ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻟ ﻌ اﻟﻘﺎدر" .(2007) .دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠ ﺔ اﻟ ،ﻋ ﻣ ] [3ﺑ
Euphordia اﻟﻔﻼﻓ ﻧﻲ ﻟ ﺎت ﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻠ ] [5ﺷ ﻲ ،ﺳ ﺔ " .(2009) .دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟ ﺔ اﻟ
،ﻠ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻠ م وﻋﻠ م اﻟ ﻬ س ،ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻲ" .ﻣ ة ﻣﺎﺟ guyonianaﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻد ﻓﻲ وﺳ ﺣ
ق " ،(1988) ،اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ,أﺳ ﺎ ﻪ,أﻧ اﻋﻪ, اﻟ ﺎن ﺧﻠﻒ ﷴ اﻟ رﺟﻲ ،وﻋ اﻟ اد ﷴ أﺣ ] [7ﻗ
،ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﺻﻞ .ﻐ اد. ﻟﻠ ﺎﻋﺔ و اﻟ اﻟ ﺎ ﺔ ﻣ ﻪ" ،ﻣ ﯾ ﺔ دار اﻟ ﺎﺗ
ﺔ واﻷزوﺗ ﺔ"، ﺔ اﻟ ﺎت اﻟﻌ اﻟ ﻟﻌ ﺷﺔ.ﻋ اﻟ ﯾ " ،(2008) ،دراﺳﺔ ﻓﺎﻋﻠ ﺔ اﻟ ][8
ﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣ ﺎت ﺛ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺛ ل ﺛ ن اﻟ ﻲ ﻟﻌ ة" ،(2005) ،دراﺳﺔ اﻷﺛ اﻟ ] [9ﻣﻘ م .ﺧ
ﻣ ﺎح ،ورﻗﻠﺔ. ،ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﺻ ﻋﺔ أﻟ ﻞ" ،ﻣ ة ﻣﺎﺟ اﻟ ﺿﻌ ﺔ 4و5
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ أوﺳﺎ او ﺔ ﻲ" ،(2007) ،دراﺳﺔ ﻓﺎﻋﻠ ﺔ اﻟ ﺎت اﻟ ] [12ﻧ ﺳﺔ .اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
ﻣ ﺎح ،ورﻗﻠﺔ. ،ﻠ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻠ م واﻟﻌﻠ م اﻟﻬ ﺳ ﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﺻ ﻣﺎﺋ ﺔ"،ﻣ ة ﻣﺎﺟ
39
ﺔ واﻟ ﻣ دﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
ﻓﻲ وﺳ ﺣﺎﻣ ﻲ وﻣﺎءx52 ﻧﻲ ﻬﺎ ﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ اﻟ ون و دراﺳﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟ ﺔ ﺗ-3- ﺛ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺛ ل-2-1-أرﻞ-4
ﺔ وﺛ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺛ ل ﻓ ﻟﻲ ﻟ ﺎت اﻟ ﻠ ﺎد ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻟ " ﺗﻘ ﯾ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟ،(2012) ، ﻋﺎﺋ ﺔ.[ ﺻ ﺎد14]
40
اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺼﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺎت
اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ ﻛﻤﺜﺒﻄﺎت ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻛﻞ
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
ﻣ ﺧﻞ:
ﻒ ﺔ اﻟ ﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺎﻟ ﻌﺎدن ،إﻻ أن ﺗ أ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻧ ﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻹزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻘ ر واﻟ م اﻷﺣ ﺎض ﺗ
ة ﺎﺋ ﻪ واﺳ ﻬﻼك ﻛ ﺎت اﻧ ﻼﻟﻪ و ﺗﺂﻛﻠﻪ ﺎﻟ ﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻘ اﻧﻪ ﻟ إﻟﻰ ﻬ ر ﺧ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟ ﻌ ن ﯾ د
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟﻌ ب اﻟ ﺗ ﺔ ﺎﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟ ﻌ ﻧﻲ أﺻ ﻠﺔ وﻣ أﺟﻞ اﻟ ﻐﻠ ﻣ اﻷﺣ ﺎض ،وﻟ ﻞ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ
ﻠﺔ.
ﺎت ﺗﺂﻛﻞ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻣ وأﺛ ﺟ ﺎت اﻟ ﻲ أ ﻬ ت ﻧ ﺎ وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﻏ ﻣ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ
ﺗ اﺳ اﻟﻬﺎ واﻟ ﺔ ،ﻟ ﻟ ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﺔ إﻻ أن ﻣﻌ ﻬﺎ ﺷ ﯾ اﻟ اﻟ ﻟﻠ ﻌﺎدن ﻓﻲ اﻷوﺳﺎ
اﻣﺔ ،ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻠﻞ وﺗ ﻞ اء وﻣ ث اﻟﻌﻠ ﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻵوﻧﺔ اﻷﺧ ة ﺎﻋ ﺎرﻫﺎ ﻣ ﺎدر ﺧ ﻟﻠﻌ ﯾ ﻣ اﻟ
ﺔ و ﻠﻔﺔ ﻣ ﻔ ﺔ ].[1 اﻣﻬﺎ ﺈﺟ اءات اﺳ ﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟ ﻲ ﺎت اﻟ ﻌ ﺔ ﻏ ﺔ ﺎﻟ ﻣ ﺎدر
42
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
2 1 اﻟ ﻗ
P. R. Vijayalakshmi et al. Ambrish Singh et al. اﺳ اﻟ ﻟﻒ
E-Journal of Chemistry Rasayan Journal of Chemistry اﺳ اﻟ ﻠﺔ
(Vol :7,No:32010,p:1055-1065) (Vol:3,No:4,2010,p:811-824)
Inhibitory Action of Borassus Inhibition effect of environment ﻋ ان اﻟ ﻘﺎل
Flabellifer Linn. ally benign Kuchla (strychnos
(Palmyra Palm) Shell Extract on Nuxvomica) seed extract on
Corrosion of Mild Steel in Acidic corrosion of mild steel in
Media hydrochloric acid solution
Borassus Flabellifer Linn (Palmyra Palm) Kuchla (strychnos Nuxvomica) ()اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ
()اﻟﻘ ة ()اﻟ ور
(1M) HCl / ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻠ ﻣ (1M) HCl / ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻠ ﻣ / ﻠ ﻧ ع اﻟ
اﻟ ﺳ
ﻣ ﻠ ﻣ ﻣ ﻠ ﻣ ﻧ ع اﻟ
(WL ) ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن ـ (WL ) ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن ــ ق اﻟ راﺳﺔ
(EIS, PDP) ﺎﺋ ﺔ و ﻘﺔ اﻹﻟ ـ اﻟ (EIS, ﺎﺋ ﺔ و ﻘﺔ اﻹﻟ ـ ـ اﻟ
PDP)
3 % v/v 350 ppm اﻟ ﺗ
WL : 98.11% WL: 98% ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟ
PDP:( EIRp= 84.09%) PDP:( IERp= 97%)
Tafal: (EII= 82.59%) Tafal: ( IEI= 98%)
EIS: ( = 86.53%) EIS: ( = 97%)
GC-MS (FTIR)ﺗ ﻠ ﻞ اﻟ ﻘ ﺎت
ﻌ ﻠﺔ اﻟ
ﺗ, ﻟ ﻧﻐ ﻟ ﻧﻐ اﯾ وﺗﺎرم اﻹﻣ از
أﺛﺒﺘﺖ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ أن ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﻘﺸﻮر ﻣﺜﺒﻂ اﻟ ور ﻟﻠ ﺎت ﻠ ﻣ ﻌ ﺔ اﻟ
(1M) HCl ﻓﻌﺎل ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻓﻲ وﺳ
ﺎ ﺟ ا ﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻓﻲ اﻟ روس ﻣ
وﻫ ﺻ ﯾ ﻟﻠ ﺔ
.(1M) HCl وﺳ
[3] [2] اﻟ ﺟﻊ
43
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
4 3 اﻟ ﻗ
Gopiraman mayakrishnam et al. Pondiam bothi raga et al. اﺳ اﻟ ﻟﻒ
Journal of Lonics International Journal of اﺳ اﻟ ﻠﺔ
(Vol :17,2011,p:843-852) Minerals, Metallurgy and
Materials(Vol:18, No:4, 2011,
p:413-418)
Inhibitive action of clematis Inhibitive effect of Xylopia ﻋ ان اﻟ ﻘﺎل
gouriana extract on the corrosion ferruginea extract on corrosion of
of mild steel in acidic medium mild steel in 1M HCl medium
Clematis gouriana Xylopia ferruginea ()اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ
()اﻷوراق ((b)( وﻟ ﺎء اﻟ ﺎقa) )اﻷوراق
(1M) HCl / إﯾ ﺎﻧ ﻟﻲ ﻠ ﻣ (1M) HCl / ﻲ ﺣ ﻠ ﻣ / ﻠ ﻧ ع اﻟ
اﻟ ﺳ
ﻣ ﻠ ﻣ ﻣ ﻠ ﻣ ﻧ ع اﻟ
(WL ) ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن ـ (EIS, PDP ) ﺎﺋ ﺔ و ﻘﺔ اﻹﻟ ـ ق اﻟ راﺳﺔ
(EIS, PDP) ﺎﺋ ﺔ و ﻘﺔ اﻹﻟ ـ
400ppm 100ppm اﻟ ﺗ
WL: 85.50% Tafal: IEI= (a: 85%, b: 92%) ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟ
Tafal: (IEI= 95.70%) EIS : (a: 87%, b:88%)
EIS: =92.77%)
44
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
6 5 اﻟ ﻗ
Gopal ji et al. C.A.Loto et al. اﺳ اﻟ ﻟﻒ
International Journal of International journal of the physical اﺳ اﻟ ﻠﺔ
Electrochemical science (Vol:7, sciences (Vol:6, No:15, 2011,
2012, p:12146-12158) p:3616-3623)
Green capsicum annuum fruit Corrosion and plant extracts ﻋ ان اﻟ ﻘﺎل
extract for inhibition of mild steel inhibition of mild steel in HCl
corrosion in hydrochioric acid
solution
Capsicum annuum Tobacco(T) and kolanut(K) () اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ
() اﻟ ﺎر اﻟ ء اﻟﻬ اﺋﻲ٬(K))اﻷوراق اﻟ ﻻ
((T)ﻟﻠ ﻎ
(1M) HCl / اﻟ ﺎﺋﻲ ﻠ ﻣ (0.5M) HCl / اﻹﯾ ﺎﻧ ﻟﻲ ﻠ ﻣ / ﻠ ﻧ ع اﻟ
اﻟ ﺳ
ﻣ ﻠ ﻣ ........... ﻧ ع اﻟ
45
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
8 7 اﻟ ﻗ
Chennappan kamal et al. Maduabuchi A . chidiebere et al. اﺳ اﻟ ﻟﻒ
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Industrial & Engineering Chemistry اﺳ اﻟ ﻠﺔ
Research (Vol :51, 2012, p:10399- Research (Vol :51,2012, p:668-677)
10407)
Caulerpin-A bis-Indole alkaloid Corrosion inhibition and ﻋ ان اﻟ ﻘﺎل
as a green inhibitor for the Adsorption behavior of punica
corrosion of mild steel in 1M HCl granatum extracts on mild steel in
solution from the Mavine alga acidic environments: Experimental
caulerpa racemosa and theoretical studies
Mavine alga Punica granatum () اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ
( caulerpa racemosa) ()اﻟﻘ ة
(1M) HCl / ﻣ ﺎﻧ ﻟﻲ ﻠ ﻣ (1M) HCl / إﯾ ﺎﻧ ﻟﻲ ﻠ ﻣ / ﻠ ﻧ ع اﻟ
اﻟ ﺳ
ﻣ ﻠ ﻣ ﻣ ﻠ ﻣ ﻧ ع اﻟ
46
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
10 9 اﻟ ﻗ
K. Anbarasi et al. Venkatesha et al. اﺳ اﻟ ﻟﻒ
Chemical Science Review and Industrial & Engineering اﺳ اﻟ ﻠﺔ
Letters(Vol:3(9), 2014, p: 45-51) Chemistry Research (Vol :52,
2013 , p :722-728)
Corrosion Inhibition Potential of Acalypha torta leaf extract as ﻋ ان اﻟ ﻘﺎل
Cucurbita Maxima Plant Extract on green corrosion inhibitor for
Mild Steel in Acid Media mild steel in hydrochloric acid
solution
Cucurbita Maxima Acalypha torta ()اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ
()اﻷوراق ()اﻷوراق
(1M) HCl / ﻲ ﺣ ﻠ ﻣ (1M) HCl / إﯾ ﺎﻧ ﻟﻲ ﻠ ﻣ / ﻠ ﻧ ع اﻟ
اﻟ ﺳ
.................
ﻣ ﻠ ﻣ ﻧ ع اﻟ
(WL) ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن ــ (WL) ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن ـ ق اﻟ راﺳﺔ
(EIS, ﺎﺋ ﺔ و ﻘﺔ اﻻﻟ ـ اﻟ
PDP)
2% v/v 1000 ppm اﻟ ﺗ
WL : 98% WL: 89% ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟ
EIS: = 90.03%
Tafal: ( EII= 91%)
FTIR SEM ﻌ ﻠﺔ اﻟ ﻘ ﺎت اﻟ
ﺗ, ﻟ ﻧﻐ ﻟ ﻧﻐ اﯾ وﺗﺎرم اﻻﻣ از
ﻞ ﻋﻠ ﻬﺎ ﻣ ﻣ ﺧﻼل اﻟ ﺎﺋﺞ اﻟ أﺛ اﻹﯾ ﺎﻧ ل ﻟﻸوراق ﻠ ﻌﻞﻣ ﺔ اﻟ
ﺎ ﺟ ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻣ ﻠ اﻟ راﺳﺔ أن اﻟ و ﻔﺎءة ﺟ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻟﻠ ﻠ ﻛ
(1M) HCl ﻲ اﻟ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﺳ .ﻋﺎﻟ ﺔ
[11] [10] اﻟ ﺟﻊ
47
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
12 11 اﻟ ﻗ
K.shalabi et al. Lebe A. Nnama et al. اﺳ اﻟ ﻟﻒ
Physicochemical problems of International Jorunal of Materials اﺳ اﻟ ﻠﺔ
materails protection(vol:51، N°5, Engineering (Vol:4, No:5, 2014,
2015, p908-917) p:171-179)
Adsorption and inhibitive effect Inhibition of mild steel corrosion ﻋ ان اﻟ ﻘﺎل
of Schinus Terebithifolius extract in HCL solution by Pentaclethra
as a green corrosion inhibitor for macrophylla Bentham extract.
carbon steel in acidic solution.
Schinus Terebinthifolius Pentaclethra macrophylla Bentham ()اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ
( )اﻟ ء اﻟﻬ اﺋﻲ () اﻟ ء اﻟﻬ اﺋﻲ
(0.5M) HCl/ ﻣ ﺎﻧ ﻟﻲ ﻠ ﻣ (1M) HCl / ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻠ ﻣ / ﻠ ﻧ ع اﻟ
اﻟ ﺳ
ﻞ رﺋ ﻲ عﻣ ﻠ ﻟ ﻌﻞ ﻣ ﻠ ﻣ ﻧ ع اﻟ
ﻣﻬ ﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺣ ﻓﻬ ﻣ
اﻟﻬ رو ﻠ ر
(PDP, EIS) ﻘﺔ اﻹﻟ و ﺎﺋ ﺔ ـ اﻟ (WL) ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن ـ ق اﻟ راﺳﺔ
EFM ــ ﺗﻘﻨﯿﺔ (PDP) ﺎﺋ ﺔ و ﻘﺔ اﻹﻟ ـ اﻟ
900 ppm 0.5 g/L اﻟ ﺗ
PDP: (EIRp= 93.3%) W L: 98% ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟ
EIS:( = 96.7%) PDP : (EIRp= 95.6%)
EFM: 95.5%
SEM، EDX SEM, EDS ﻌ ﻠﺔ اﻟ ﻘ ﺎت اﻟ
ﻟ ﻧﻐ ﺗ, ﻟ ﻧﻐ اﯾ وﺗﺎرم اﻻﻣ از
ﻧﻲ ﻊ ﺗﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ اﻟ ﺟ ﻣ اﻧ ﻼل ﻌ ﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﺧ ﻠ اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ
اﻟﻬ رو ﻠ ر اﻟ ﺎﺟ ﻋ ﺣ اﻟﻬ رو ﻠ ر ﻣ ﺣ1Mاﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻓﻲ
.إﻣ از ﻣ ﻧﺎﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟ ﻌ ن .وﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ ﺣ ارة ﻣ ﺗﻔﻌﺔ
[13] [12] اﻟ ﺟﻊ
48
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
14 13 اﻟ ﻗ
Taissa F. Souza et al. Chris O.Akalezi et al. اﺳ اﻟ ﻟﻒ
International Journal of International Journal Ind chem اﺳ اﻟ ﻠﺔ
electrochemical science (vol:10, (vol:6, 2015,p273-284)
2015,p22-33)
Inhibitory action of ILex Rothmannia longiflora extract ﻋ ان اﻟ ﻘﺎل
paraguariensis extracts on the as corrosion inhibitor for mild
corrosion of carbon steel in HCl steel in acidic media
solution
ILex paraguariensis Rothmannia longiflora () اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ
( )اﻷوراق واﻟ ﻘﺎن ()اﻷوراق
(1M) HCl / ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻠ ﻣ (1M) HCl / ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻠ ﻣ / ﻠ ﻧ ع اﻟ
اﻟ ﺳ
ﻣ ﻠ ﻣ HCl ﻓﻲ ﻣ ﻠ ﻣ ﻧ ع اﻟ
49
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
16 15 اﻟ ﻗ
Obiukwu Osita et al. C.O.Akalezi et al. اﺳ اﻟ ﻟﻒ
International lettersof chemistry ,physics International Journal corrosion اﺳ اﻟ ﻠﺔ
and astronomy(vol:66,2016 p 25-37) scale inhib (vol:5,N°2, 2016,
p132-146)
The inhibitive effect of Gnetum Mild steel protection in ﻋ ان اﻟ ﻘﺎل
Africanum , Gongronema Latifolium and acidic media using Mucuna
Chromolena Odaratum extract on pruriens seed extract
corrosion of stainless steel in 1M HCl and
H2SO4 solution
(Gnetum africanum)(Ga)()أوراق Mucuna pruriens ( ) اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ
(Gongronema latifolium)(Gl)()أوراق ( )اﻟ ور
(Chromolena odaratum)(Ch.o)()أوراق
(1M) HCl / إﯾ ﺎﻧ ﻟﻲ ﻠ ﻣ (1M) / إﯾ ﺎﻧ ﻟﻲ ﻠ ﻣ / ﻠ ﻧ ع اﻟ
HCl اﻟ ﺳ
..... ﻣ ﻠ ﻣ ﻧ ع اﻟ
(WL) ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن ـ (WL) ﻘﺔ ﺿ ﺎع اﻟ ﻠﺔ ـ ق اﻟ راﺳﺔ
(PDP, ﺎﺋ ﺔ و ﻘﺔ اﻹﻟ اﻟ ــ
EIS)
20 mL 1000 mg/L اﻟ ﺗ
WL: (Ga:76.47%, Gl:85.71%, Ch.o:90.95%) WL: 82.89% ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟ
PDP: (EIRp= 91.01%)
EIS:( = 91.01%)
50
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
18 17 اﻟ ﻗ
A.S.Fouda et al. A.Batah et al. اﺳ اﻟ ﻟﻒ
Int .J. Ind. Chem.(vol:8, 2017, p 61-73) Moroccan Journal of chemistry اﺳ اﻟ ﻠﺔ
(vol:5, N°:3, 2017,p 404-416)
Mitigation of corrosion of carbon steel Electrochemical and ﻋ ان اﻟ ﻘﺎل
in acidic solutions using an aqueous thermodynamic study of the
extract of Tilia cordata as green inhibitory efficacy of methanol
corrosion inhibitor extracts of Rind and Leaves of
Grape fruit plant on the corrosion
of carbon steel in acidic medium
Tilia cordata Grape fruit () اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ
( )اﻷوراق ( GFL واﻷوراقGFR) اﻟﻘ ة
(1M) HCl / ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻠ ﻣ (1M) HCl / ﻣ ﺎﻧ ﻟﻲ ﻠ ﻣ / ﻠ ﻧ ع اﻟ
اﻟ ﺳ
ﻣ ﻠ ﻣ ﻣ ﻠ ﻣ ﻧ ع اﻟ
(WL) ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن ـ (WL)ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن ـ ق اﻟ راﺳﺔ
(PDP, EFM EIS ) ﺎﺋ ﺔ و ﻘﺔ اﻹﻟ ـ اﻟ (EIS,PDP) ﺎﺋ ﺔ و ﻘﺔ اﻹﻟ ـ اﻟ
300 mg/L 1 g/L اﻟ ﺗ
WL: 89.8% WL: (GFR: 82.44%, GFL:80.33%) ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟ
PDP:(EIRp= 92.9%) PDP: (IEI =(GFR:79.89%, GFL:
EFM: 73.1% 80.97%))
EIS:( = 96.5%) EIS: ( =(GFR: 82.86%,
GFL:80.97%))
SEM, EDX OM ﻌ ﻠﺔ اﻟ ﻘ ﺎت اﻟ
ﻟ ﻧﻐ ﻟ ﻧﻐ اﯾ وﺗﺎرم اﻹﻣ از
ﻞ ﻋﻠ ﻬﺎ اﻟ ﺎﺋﺞ اﻟ ﺑ اﻟ اﻓ اﻟ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺋﺞ أن اﻟ أوﺿ ﺔ اﻟ
ﻠ ﺗ د إﻟﻰ اﺳ ﺎج أن اﻟ أن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﺣ اﻟ روﺳﺔ ﺎﻧ
ﻓﻌﺎل ﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ أﺧ اﻣﻪ اﺳ اﻟ ﺎﻧ ل ﻟﻠﻘ ة ﺎن اﻣ ازﻩ ﻠ ﻣ
.ﺔ ﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﻞ اﻟ اﻟ اﻟ ﺎﻧ ل ﻠ ﻣ ﻣ ﻓ ﺎﺋﻲ أﻛ
اﻷوراق ﻠ ﻟﻸوراق و ﺎﻟ ﺎﻟﻲ ﻓ
اﻟﻘ ة ﻠ ﻓﻌﺎﻟ ﺔ ﻣ ﻣ أﻛ
[19] [18] اﻟ ﺟﻊ
51
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
20 19 اﻟ ﻗ
Yujie Qiang et al. L.E.Yahaya et al. اﺳ اﻟ ﻟﻒ
Corrosion science(vol :133, 2018, World Applied Sciences اﺳ اﻟ ﻠﺔ
p6-16) Journal(vol :35, N°:6, 2017, p 985-
992)
Evaluation of Ginkgo Leaf extract Green and Black Tea(Camellia ﻋ ان اﻟ ﻘﺎل
as an eco-friendly corrosion Sinensis) extract as corrosion
inhibitor of X70 Steel in HCl inhibitor for mild steel in acid
solution. medium.
(EIS, PDP) ﺎﺋ ﺔ و ﻘﺔ اﻹﻟ ـ ـ اﻟ (WL)ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن ق اﻟ راﺳﺔ
52
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
22 21 اﻟ ﻗ
Qihui Wang et al. R.Fadil et al. اﺳ اﻟ ﻟﻒ
Bioelectrochemistry (vol :128, 2019, p Journal of materials and اﺳ اﻟ ﻠﺔ
49-55) environmental sciences (vol :9,
Issue :1, 2018, p358-369)
Evaluation of Ficus Tikoua Leaves Evaluation of alkaloids extract of ﻋ ان اﻟ ﻘﺎل
extract as an eco-friendly corrosion Retama monosperma(L) Boiss.stems
inhibitor for carbon steel in HCl as a green corrosion inhibitor for
media carbon steel in pickling acidic
medium by means of gravimetric,
AC impedance and surface studies
Ficus Tikoua Retama monosperma(L) ()اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ
()اﻷوراق ()اﻟ ﻘﺎن
HCl / ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻠ ﻣ (1M) HCl /ات ﻗﻠ ﻠ ﻣ / ﻠ ﻧ ع اﻟ
اﻟ ﺳ
ﻣ ﻠ ﻣ ............... ﻧ ع اﻟ
(PDP) ﺎﺋ ﺔ و ﻘﺔ اﻹﻟ ـ اﻟ (WL)ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن ـ ق اﻟ راﺳﺔ
( EIS) ﻘﺔ اﻹﻟ و ﺎﺋ ﺔ ـ اﻟ
200 mg/L 400 mg/L اﻟ ﺗ
PDP:(IERp = 95.8%) WL: 83.1% ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟ
EIS: ( = 82.6%)
FTIR, SEM SEM, XPS اﻟ ﻘ ﺎت
ﻌ ﻠﺔ اﻟ
ﻟ ﻧﻐ ﻟ ﻧﻐ اﯾ وﺗﺎرم اﻹﻣ از
ﻟﻪ ﻗ رة أ ﻬ ت ﺗ ﺎرب اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ أن ﻫ ا اﻟ أﺧ ﻠ ام اﻟ اﺳ ﺔ اﻟ
.ﺔﺟ ة ﺗ ﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ وﺳ ﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ اﻟ
(1M) HCl
[23] [22] اﻟ ﺟﻊ
53
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
24 23 اﻟ ﻗ
Nkem B. Iroha et al. J .O.Madu et al. اﺳ اﻟ ﻟﻒ
An International Scintific Journal Journal of physics : conference اﺳ اﻟ ﻠﺔ
(vol:126, 2019, p183-197) series,(vol :1378, 2019, 022051)
Inhibition and adsorption of oil Corrosion inhibition efficiency ﻋ ان اﻟ ﻘﺎل
extract of Balanites aegyptiaca seeds of Terminalia Catappa Leaves
on the corrosion of mild steel in extract on stainless steel in
hydrochloric acid environment. hydrochloric acid.
Balanites aegyptiaca Terminalia Catappa () اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ
()اﻟ ور ()اﻷوراق
/ (ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻠ اﻟ ﻲ ) ﻣ ﻠ اﻟ (1M) HCl /اﯾ ﺎﻧ ﻟﻲ ﻠ ﻣ / ﻠ ﻧ ع اﻟ
(1M) HCl اﻟ ﺳ
أﻧ د ﻣ ﻠ ﻟ ﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟ ﻣ اﻣ از ﻓ ﺎﺋﻲ ﻧ ع اﻟ
54
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
26 25 اﻟ ﻗ
O.O.Ogunleye et al Moha. Afrokh. Et al اﺳ اﻟ ﻟﻒ
Heliyon( vol :6, 2020, issue :1, Analytical. Bioanalytical. اﺳ اﻟ ﻠﺔ
e03205) Electrochemistry(vol :12, N°2, 2020,
p193-207)
Green corrosion inhibition and Cystoseira Gibraltarica extract as ﻋ ان اﻟ ﻘﺎل
adsorption characteristics of Luffa an environmentally susbinable
Cylindrica leaf extract on mild steel corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel
in hydrochloric acid environment in HCl medium
Luffa Cylindrica Cystoseira gibraltarica ()اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ
()اﻷوراق (اﻟ ﺔ ﺎﻟ )اﻟ
(0.5M) HCl اﯾ ﺎﻧ ﻟﻲ ﻠ ﻣ (1M) HCl /ﻣ ﺎﻧ ﻟﻲ ﻠ ﻣ ﻠ ﻧ ع اﻟ
اﻟ ﺳ/
................ ﻣ ﻠ ﻣ ﻧ ع اﻟ
(WL) ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن ـ (WL)ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن ـ ق اﻟ راﺳﺔ
(PDP, EIS) ﺎﺋ ﺔ و ﻘﺔ اﻹﻟ ـ اﻟ
1 g/L 0.80 g/L اﻟ ﺗ
WL : 87.89% WL : 86.7% ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟ
PDP : 89.6%
EIS: ( = 90.3%)
SEM, FTIR, GC-MS ........... اﻟ ﻘ ﺎت
ﻌ ﻠﺔ اﻟ
ﻟ ﻧﻐ ﻟ ﻧﻐ اﯾ وﺗﺎرم اﻻﻣ از
ﺔﺟ ة ﺧﺎﺻ ﺔ ﺗ ﻠ ا ﻬ اﻟ ام ﻫ ا أ ﻬ ت اﻟ ﺎﺋﺞ أﻫ ﺔ اﺳ ﺔ اﻟ
(0.5M) HCl ﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻓﻲ وﺳ ام ﺗﺂﻛﻞ ﻣ ﺎﻋ ﺎرﻩ ﻣ ﻠ اﻟ
ﻧﻲ ﺑ ﺎ ﻟﻠﻔ ﻻذ اﻟ
[27] [26] اﻟ ﺟﻊ
55
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
.( ﻟﻠﻔ ﻻذH2SO4) ﻲ ﺎت ﺧ اء ﻓﻲ وﺳ ﺣ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ ﻗﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟ:(2 –IV) اﻟ ول
2 1 اﻟ ﻗ
P. R. Vijayalakshmi et al. Peter C. Okafor et al. اﺳ اﻟ ﻟﻒ
E-Journal of International Journal of اﺳ اﻟ ﻠﺔ
Chemistry(Vol :7,No:3 Electrochemical science(Vol:5,2010,p:
2010,p:1055-1065) 978-993)
Inhibitory Action of Borassus Azadirachta Indica Extracts as ﻋ ان اﻟ ﻘﺎل
Flabellifer Linn.(Palmyra Palm) Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel
Shell Extract on Corrosion of in Acid Medium
Mild Steel in Acidic Media
Borassus Flabellifer Linn(Palmyra Azadirachta Indica ()اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ
((RT) اﻟ ور,(SD) اﻟ ور,(LV)) اﻷوراق
Palm)
()اﻟﻘ ة
(0.5M) H2SO4 / ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻠ ﻣ (2M) H2SO4 /ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﺣﻤﻀﻲ / ﻠ ﻧ ع اﻟ
اﻟ ﺳ
ﻣ ﻠ ﻣ ……….. ﻧ ع اﻟ
56
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
4 3 اﻟ ﻗ
Jamiu k.Odusote et al. Maduabuchi A . chidiebere et al. اﺳ اﻟ ﻟﻒ
Journal of Electrochemical Industrial & Engineering اﺳ اﻟ ﻠﺔ
science and Technology (Vol:14, Chemistry Research (Vol :51,2012,
No:2, 2013, p:81-87) p:668-677)
Corrosion inhibition of mild Corrosion inhibition and ﻋ ان اﻟ ﻘﺎل
steel in acidic medium by Adsorption behavior of punica
Jathropha curcas leaves extract granatum extracts on mild steel in
acidic environments:
Experimental and theoretical
studies
Jathropha curcas Punica granatum ()اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ
()اﻷوراق ()اﻟﻘ ة
(2M) H2SO4 /ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﺣﻤﻀﻲ (0.5M) H2SO4 /إﯾ ﺎﻧ ﻟﻲ ﻠ ﻣ / ﻠ ﻧ ع اﻟ
اﻟ ﺳ
........ ﻣ ﻠ ﻣ ﻧ ع اﻟ
ﺎ ﺔ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﻷوراق ﻠ ﻞ ﻓﻌﺎل ﺗﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ وﺟ أن ﻣ ﻊ ﻠ ﻣ ﺔ اﻟ
.ﺟ ﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ .(0.5M) H2SO4 ﻓﻲ وﺳ
[29] [8] اﻟ ﺟﻊ
57
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
6 5 اﻟ ﻗ
Saviour A.unoren et al. Gopal ji et al. اﺳ اﻟ ﻟﻒ
Journal of Environmental chemical International Journal of اﺳ اﻟ ﻠﺔ
Engieering (Vol:2, 2014, p: 1048- Electrochemical science (Vol:8,
1060) 2013, p:10878-10889)
Inhibition of mild steel corrosion Argemone Mexicana leaf extract ﻋ ان اﻟ ﻘﺎل
in H2SO4 solution by coconut coir for inhibition of mild steel
dust extract obtained from corrosion in sulfuric acid
different solvent systems and solution
synergistic effect of iodide ions:
Ethanol acetone extracts
coconut coir Argemone Mexicana () اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ
()ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ()اﻷوراق
ﻠ ( وﻣ1)إﯾ ﺎﻧ ﻟﻲ ﻠ ﻣ (0.5M) H2SO4/ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻠ ﻣ / ﻠ ﻧ ع اﻟ
(0.5M) H2SO4/ (2)أﺳ ﻧﻲ اﻟ ﺳ
58
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
8 7 اﻟ ﻗ
Obiukwu Osita et al Chris O.Akalezi et al. اﺳ اﻟ ﻟﻒ
International lettersof International Journal Ind اﺳ اﻟ ﻠﺔ
chemistry ,physics and chem(vol:6, 2015,p273-284)
astronomy(vol:66,2016 p 25-37)
The inhibitive effect of Gnetum Rothmannia longiflora ﻋ ان اﻟ ﻘﺎل
Africanum , Gongronema Latifolium extract as corrosion
and Chromolena Odaratum extract inhibitor for mild steel in
on corrosion of stainless steel in 1M acidic media
HCL and H2SO4 solution
(Gnetum africanum)(Ga) Rothmannia longiflora ()اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ
( )أوراق ﻋﻜﺎزي ()اﻷوراق
(Gongronema latifolium)(GL)
()أوراق اﻟﻠﻄﯿﻔﻮﻟﯿﻮم
(Chromolena odaratum)(Ch.o)
()أوراق اﻟﯿﺰاﺑﯿﺖ
(1M) H2SO4 /اﯾ ﺎﻧ ﻟﻲ ﻠ ﻣ (0.5M) / ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻠ ﻣ / ﻠ ﻧ ع اﻟ
H2SO4 اﻟ ﺳ
.......... H2SO4 ﻓﻲ ﺎﺗ د ﻣ ﻧ ع اﻟ
(WL ) ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن ـ (WL ) ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن ـ ق اﻟ راﺳﺔ
(EIS, ﺎﺋ ﺔ و ﻘﺔ اﻹﻟ ـ اﻟ
PDP)
20 mL 1000 mg/L اﻟ ﺗ
WL: (Ga: 67.08% , Gl :60.68% WL: 96.5% ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟ
Ch.o :58.03%) EIS: ( = 88.51%)
PDP: (EIRp= 85.46%)
............ ........... ﻌ ﻠﺔ اﻟ ﻘ ﺎت اﻟ
............... ﻟ ﻧﻐ اﯾ وﺗﺎرم اﻻﻣ از
ﺟ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت ﺗﺄﺛ أ ﻬ ت اﻟ ﺟ ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻟﻠﻔ ﻻذ ﻌﻞ ﺔ اﻟ
.ﺔ أ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ اﻟ ﻘﺎوم ﻟﻠ .(0.5M) H2SO4 ﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟ
[17] [14] اﻟ ﺟﻊ
59
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
10 9 اﻟ ﻗ
Akhil Saxena et al. Karim H .Hassan et al. اﺳ اﻟ ﻟﻒ
60
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
61
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
62
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
6 5 اﻟ ﻗ
ﻋ اﻟﻘﺎدر ﺑ ﻣ Lefahal Mostefa اﺳ اﻟ اﻟﻒ
رﻩ ،ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ورﻗﻠﺔ2017 ،
ا رﺳﺎﻟﺔ د ﺔ2014 ، رﺳﺎﻟﺔ د ارﻩ ،ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻗ ﻧ ع اﻟ
Etude de l’effet inhibitrice des extrais de Etude phytochimique, biologique et اﻟﻌ ان
)plantes sur la corrosion de l’acier (CX52 activité anticorrosionde trois
plantes médicinales algériennes
appartenant aux famille
Plumbaginaceae , Tamaricaceae et
Apiaceae
ﻧﻲ)(X52 اﻟﻔ ﻻذ اﻟ ﻧﻲ )(APISL GrB اﻟﻔ ﻻذ اﻟ اﻟ ﻌ ن اﻟ روس
63
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
64
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
65
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
,ﻋﻠﻰ ﻲ ل ) (MSﻣﻊ أو ﺑ ون اﻟ ) Rct(iو ) Rct(oﻫﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﻧ ﻘﺎل اﻟ ﺣ
اﻟ اﻟﻲ.
ﺗﻘ ﺎت دراﺳﺔ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟ ﻌ ن
ﺗ ﻠ ﻞ :SEM
وﻧﻲ ﻟ ﺻ اﻹﻟ ام ﺟﻬﺎز ) (SEM LEO SUPRA 50VPاﻟ ﺎﺳﺢ اﻟ ﻬ ﺗ اﺳ
ﻘ ﻟﺔ ذات اﻷ ﻌﺎد اﻟﻌ ﺎت اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﺔ اﻟ ﻏ ﺗ ﺢ ﺣ ﺗﻐ ات ﺷ ﻞ اﻟ
ﺎت اﻟ 1M HClﻓﻲ وﺟ د وﻏ ﺎب 100ppmﻣ ﻓﻲ وﺳ )(2,3cm .2,3cm
وﺗ ﻔ ﻔﻬﺎ ﺎﻟﻬ اء اﻟ ﺎرد. ﻒ اﻟﻌ ﺎت ﺎﻟ ﺎء اﻟ ﻘ اء ﻟ ة .6hﺛ ﯾ ﺗ اﻟ
ﺗ ﻠ ﻞ :FTIR
ﻞ ﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ اﻟ ﻌ ول واﻟ ﻘﺔ اﻟ اﻗ ﺔ اﻟ ﺗ ﺗ ﻠ ﻞ ﻞ ﻣ اﻟ
اﻟﻌ ﺎت ﻓﻲ وﺳ اﻟ ﻠ ﻞ اﻟ ﻔﻲ ) .(FTIRوﺗ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ راﺳﺔ ﻐ ﻣﻔ ﻞ ﻋ
ﻟ ة 72hﻣ ﺎ أد إﻟﻰ ﻲ و 100ppmﻣ اﻟ ن ﻣ اﻟ ﻠ ل اﻟ ﯾ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟ
ﺗ ﺧ ﺷﻬﺎ ﻌ ﺎ ﺔ وﺗ ﻠ ﻠﻬﺎ ﺑ اﺳ ﺔ ﻘﺔ رﻗ ﻘﺔ واﻗ ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﺣ ﺗ
ام ﺟﻬﺎز).(Perkin Elmer Systaem 2000 FTIR اﻟ ﻠ ﻞ اﻟ ﻔﻲ ﺎﺳ
66
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
ذﺟ ﺔ ﻣ ﺧﻼل دراﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎب ﺎت ﺗﺎﻓﺎل اﻟ ل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ ﺗ اﻟ
HClوﻣ ﻪ ﺗ ﺣ ﺎب ﻠ ﺎت ) (X. ferrugineaﻓﻲ وﺳ ﺣ اﻟ ﯾ ﺎﻣ ﻲ ﻟ
ﺎﻓﺔ ﺗ ﺎر اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ) (Icorrاﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ ﻣ اﺳ ﻘ ار ﻣ ﻘ ﻲ ﺗﻔﺎل اﻷﻧ د ﺔ ) (IEﻣ ﻗ
واﻟ ﺎﺛ د ﺔ اﻟ ﺿ ﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ول اﻟ ﺎﻟﻲ:
ﻠ ﺎت X.ferrugineaﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻓﻲ ﻣ اﻟ ول) :(1-4-Ⅲﻧ ﺎﺋﺞ دراﺳﺔ اﻹﺳ ﻘ ﺎب ﻟ ﺄﺛ
وﺳ (1M) HCl
IE% )bc (mv )ba (mv Icorr Ecorr ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺰ ﺟ ء اﻟ ﺔ
)(μA.cm2 )(mv اﻟﻤﺜﺒﻂ
ppm ﻌ ﻞ اﻟ
- 102 119 1043 -487 0 ﺑﻣ ون ﻣ
اﻟ ﺎﺋﺞ و
ن
75 89 111 253 -504 15
81 98 106 193 -461 25 اﻟ ﺎﻗ ﺔ
82 99 116 189 -478 50 اﻷوراق
85 94 98 149 -478 100
88 88 104 118 -493 15 ﺧ
ﻻ اﻟﻠ ﺎء
89 86 101 109 -479 25
90 99 116 105 -483 50
92 98 114 76 -488 100 ل
ﺎت ﻞ ﻋﻠ ﻬﺎ واﻟ وﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ول أﻋﻼﻩ ﻧﻼﺣ أن إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟ اﻟ ﺎﺋﺞ اﻟ
اء، ﺎت اﻟ اﻟ روﺳﺔ ﻟﻠ ﺎﻓﺔ ﺗ ﺎر اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺟ ﻊ اﻟ اﻛ ﺗﻘﻠﻞ ﻣ ﻗ
ﺎت ﺗﻘﻠﻞ ﻣ ﻣﻌ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ل MSﻓﻲ وﺳ ) (HClﻟ ﺞ أن اﻟ وﻫ ا ﻣﺎ ﯾ
ﻠ ﺎت اﻷﻗ ﻰ ﻣ IEواﻟ ﻲ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ ﻗ ﻬﺎ 85%و 92%ﻟ ﻋ ﻪ اﻟ
،ﻋﻼوة 100ppmﻣ اﻟ اﻟ اﻷوراق واﻟﻠ ﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ اﻟﻲ وﻋ ﻧﻔ
ﻗ Ecorrﻓﻲ ﻼ اﻻﺗ ﺎﻫ ﺎت إﻟﻰ ﺗﻐ ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟ ﺗ د إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟ
baو bcوﻫ ا ﯾ ل ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘ أ اﻟ ﺎﺛ د واﻻﻧ د وﻣ ﻪ اﻟ ﻐ
ﺎت ﻣ ﻠ ﺔ. ﻠ ﺎت اﻷوراق واﻟﻠ ﺎء ﺗﻌ ﻼن ﻣ
ﻠ ﺎت اﻷوراق وﻟ ﺎء اﻟ ﺎق ﻓﻲ وﺳ )(1M HCl ﻧ ﺎﺋﺞ اﻟ ﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻟ ﺳ ﻠ
ﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟ وﻣ ﻬﺎ ﺗ إ ﺎد اﻟ ﻘﺎدﯾ اﻟ ﺎت ﻧ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷ ﻞ ﻣ
ﻲ) (Rctوﻣ دود ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻘﺔ اﻟ دوﺟﺔ اﻟ ﻬ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ) (Cdlوﻣﻘﺎﻣﺔ اﻻﻧ ﻘﺎل اﻟ
ﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣ ﺿ ﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ول اﻟ اﻟﻲ: )(IE اﻟ
67
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
ﻠ ﺎت )(X.ferrugineaﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻓﻲ ﻣ اﻟ ول ) :(2-4-Ⅲﻧ ﺎﺋﺞ دراﺳﺔ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﻟ ﺄﺛ
وﺳ .1M HCl
68
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
اﻷﻗ ﻰ ل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﺗ اﻟ ،ﺣ اﻟ وﺟ أن IEﯾ داد ﻣﻊ زﺎدة ﺗ
ﺎت. 100 ppmﻣ اﻟ ﻟﻪ ﻋ ﺗ
ﻣ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ. ﺎت ﯾ ﺗ ﻬ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﺎﻧﻌﺔ أن إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟ
ﻠ ﺎت اﻷوراق واﻟﻠ ﺎء ﻗ ﺎﺳﺎت اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎب اﻟ ﯾ ﺎﻣ ﻲ أن ﻼ ﻣ اﻟ ﺗ اﻟ ﻼﺻﺔ
ﻣ ﻠ . عﻣ ف ﺗ
ﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ. اﻣ از ﺟ ﺎت اﻟ ﻧ ﺎﺋﺞ ﺗ ﻠ ﻞ SEMﺗ
ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ ﺗ ﻬ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻠ ﻞ اﻟ ﻔﻲ ) (FTIRوﺟ د ﻗﻠ ات ﻓﻲ اﻟ
ﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ. و ﻟ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻘﺔ اﻟ اﻗ ﺔ اﻟ
ﺗﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻣ ﻓﻌﺎﻟ ﺔ أﻓ ﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺗ ﻟ ﺎء اﻟ ﺎق ﯾ ﻠ وﺟ أن ﻣ
اﻷوراق. ﻠ ﻣ
ول) :(5-Ⅲﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻘﺎل ل Argemone mexicana leaf extraact for inhibition of mild اﻟ
steel corrosion in sulfuric acid solutions.
Argemone mexicana leaf extraact for inhibition of mild steel corrosion اﻟﻌ ان
in sulfuric acid solutions.
69
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
ﺢ ) (θواﻟ ﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻐ ﺔ اﻟ ﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ اﻟ و ﻬ ﺗﺄﺛ
ﻗﻞ ل ﻋﻠ ﻪ ﻣ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ،ﺗ اﻟ ﻠ ك اﻹﻣ از ﻟﻠ ﻣ ﺎﺷ ة ﯾﺗ
اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ):(4
= )…………(4
و tﻫ زﻣ ﻟﻠ ﻣﻌ ﺗ wﻫ اﻟ زن اﻟ ﻔﻘ د ب) (cm-2ﻣ اﻟﻌ ﺔ ﻋ ﺣ
ﻌ ﻠﺔ )اﻟﻔ ﻻذ .(d= 7,86 g.cm-3 ﺎﻟ ﺎﻋﺔ و dﺎﻓﺔ اﻟ اد اﻟ اﻟﻐ
ﺎﺋ ﺔ و اﻟ ق اﻹﻟ
ﺎت اﻹﺳ ﻘ ﺎب: ﻘﺔ ﻣ
ﻓﻲ ام 100mlﻣ اﻟ اﻟ ﺎرب ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋ ﺎت اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ) (1cm2ﺎﺳ أﺟ ﺣ
70
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
ام اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ).(7 ﻘﺔ ﺎﺳ ﻓﻲ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ ام إﺷﺎرة ﺳﻌ ﻬﺎ .5mVﺗ د ﻔﺎءة اﻟ ﺎﺳ
°
=% ). 100…………(7
ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﺔ وﻏ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻌ ﺎت اﻟ ﻋ ﺎرة ﻋ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺎت ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟ °
و ﺣ
اﻟ اﻟﻲ.
ﺗﻘ ﺎت دراﺳﺔ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟ ﻌ ن
: اﻟ اﻟ ﻬ اﻟﻔ
ﺑ اﺳ ﺔ اﻟ ﻬ اﻟ ات ﻣ ﻠﻔﺔ ﻣ ﺑ ﻣ رﻓ ﻟ ﺟ ﺎ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ اﻟ ﻻﻟ ﻘﺎ
ﺎﺣﺔ 1cm2 ﺋﻲ) (Leica DFC 295ﺗ إﺟ اء اﻻﺧ ﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋ ﺔ ﻣ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ اﻟﻠ اﻟ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ اﻟ وﻟ راﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﺢ ﻌ 3hﻣ اﻟﻐ ﺷ ﻞ اﻟ وﺗ
ﺢ ﻟﻠﻔ ﻻذ اﻷﻣ ﻞ ﻓﻘ و ﻘﺎرن ﻣﻊ ﺷ ﻞ اﻟ اﻟ ﺢﻋ ﺗ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﺄﺧ ﺷ ﻞ اﻟ
ﺔ. اﻟ ﻟﻠﻌ ﺎت ﻏ
ﺗ ﻠ ﻞ :FTIR
ﺑ اﺳ ﺔ اﻟ ﻬﺎز) Thermo ﻠ ﻔ ﺔ اﻟ ﺟ دة ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻋﺎت اﻟ ﺗ ﺗ ﻠ ﻞ اﻟ
اﻷوراق ﻠ ﺔ ﺻﻐ ة ﻣ ﻣ ) scientific (Nicolet 6700)FT-IRوذﻟ ﺑ ﻠ ﻞ
ﻘﺔ وﺗﻘﺎرن ﻞ ﻋﻠ ﻬﺎ ﻣ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ ﻟ ﺎت ) ،(A.mexicanaﻌ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺄﺧ اﻷ ﺎف اﻟ
71
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
ﻓﻲ0.5M H2SO4 ات اﻟﻋ ﻞﺗ اﻟ ﻞ) :(1-IIIﻣﻌ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ و ﻔﺎءة اﻟ
ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﻐﻤﻮر ﻟﻤﺪة .5h
ﻣ اﻟ ﻞ أﻋﻼﻩ ﻧﻼﺣ ان ﻣﻌ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﺎن ﻣ ﺗﻔﻌﺎ ﺟ ا ﻘ ﺔ ) 37,60
و اﻟ اﻟ (mm/anﻓﻲ اﻟ ا ﺔ ,ﺛ ﻻﺣ ﺎ اﻧ ﻔﺎﺿﻪ ﻣﻊ زﺎدة ﺗ
600mg/Lوﻣﻌ ل ﺗﺂﻛﻞmm/an 86%ﻋ اﻟ ﺳ ﻞ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻔﺎءة ﺗ اﻟ ﺎﺋﺞ و
.5,26 اﻟ ﺎﻗ ﺔ
ﻓﻬ ا ﯾ ل ﻋﻠﻰ إﻣ از اﻟ ﻣﻊ زﺎدة ﺗ ﻗ ﺗ ﻘﻘ ﺎ أن زﺎدة ﻔﺎءة اﻟ
Cﺑﻐ ﺔ اﻟ ﺗ ﺗ ر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ اﻟ روس ،ﻟ ﻟ ﺟ ﺎت اﻟ
ﺢ ϴﻣ أﺟﻞ دراﺳﺔ ﺳﻠ ك اﻻﻣ از ﺎﻟ ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﺔ: اﻟ
1
= )+ C … … … … . . (9
θ K
اﯾ وﺗﺎرم اﻻﻣ از ﻣ ﻞ ﺢ ﻟﻠﻌ ﯾ ﻣ ﺎوﻟﺔ ﻣﻼﺋ ﺔ ﺑ ﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﻐ ﺔ اﻟ و
ﻣﻼﺋ ﺔ ﻫ اﻷﻛ أن إﯾ وﺗﺎرم ﻟ ﻧﻐ ,ﻧ وﻟ ﻧﻐ وﺗ ﻓ اﻧ ﻟ
اﻷوراق ﻟ ﺎت ).(A.mexicana ﻠ ﻟ ﺻﻒ ﺳﻠ ك اﻻﻣ از ﻟ
72
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
ﻻﻣ از اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻓﻲ 0.5M H2SO4ﻟﻜﻞ ﺗﻜﯿﺰات اﻟ ﻞ) :(2-IIIإﯾ وﺗﺎرم ﻻﻧﻐ
ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ A.mexicana
اﻟ ق اﻹﻟ و ﺎﺋ ﺔ
ﻣ ﻠﻔﺔ ﺎت اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎب ﻟﻠﻔ ﻻذ ﻓﻲ 0.5M H2SO4ﺑ اﻛ ل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ ﺗ اﻟ
ﻓﻲ وﺟ د ﺎﺋ ﺔ وﻣ دود اﻟ و وﻣ ﻬﺎ ﺗ إ ﺎد اﻟ ﻐ ات اﻹﻟ ﻣ اﻟ
وﻫﻲ ﻣ وﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ول ):(1-5-IV وﻏ ﺎب اﻟ
ﻠ ﺎت ) (A.mexicanaﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻓﻲ ﻣ اﻟ ول) :(1-5-Ⅲﻧ ﺎﺋﺞ دراﺳﺔ اﻹﺳ ﻘ ﺎب ﻟ ﺄﺛ
وﺳ (0.5M) H2SO4
73
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
اﻷوراق ﻟ ﺎت)(A.mexicana ﻠ ﻣ اﻟ ول ) :(2-5-Ⅲﻧ ﺎﺋﺞ دراﺳﺔ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﻟ ﺄﺛ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻓﻲ وﺳ ) 0.5M (H2SO4
IE Rt Cdl Y0 n Rt RS ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺰ
% (μ.F.cm-2 (10 .Ω.cm-
-6
)(Ω.cm2 )(Ω.cm2 اﻟﻤﺜﺒﻂ
2
) ) )(mg/l
- 61 198 0.808 37 1.25 0
56 55 154 0.810 83 1.32 300
70 51 132 0.815 120 1.28 400
80 48 113 0.820 180 1.70 500
84 39 89 0.824 220 1.82 600
74
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
ول ) :(6-Ⅲﺗ ﻠ ﻞ ﻣﻘﺎل ل use of saraca ashoka extract as green corrosion inhibitor for اﻟ
mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4
use of saraca ashoka extract as green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in اﻟﻌ ان
0.5 M H2SO4
Akhil Saxena et al اﻟ ﻟﻒ
Journal of Molecular liquids 258, 2018, pp89-97. اﻟ ﻠﺔ
اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ وﺳﻠ ك اﻻﻣ از ﺎف ﺗ ﻠ ﻞ ﺗ ﻟﻘ ﻗﺎم اﻟ ﺎﺣ ن ﻓﻲ ﻫ ا اﻟﻌ ﻞ ﺑ راﺳﺔ واﺳ
ﻧ ﺎت ) (saraca ashokaوﻫ ﻧ ﺎت ﯾ ﻲ إﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟ ﻘ ﻟ ﺎت ،ﺗ اﺳ ﻼص ﻠ ﻟ
ﺣ ﻪ ﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻓﻲ 0.5 Mﻣ ﺗ ﺗﺄﺛ ﺣ ل ﺑ ور ) (saraca ashokaوﻓ ﻣﻠ
ﺎﺋ ﺔ .و ﺗ اﻟ ﻘ ﻣ و ﻘﺔ اﻹﻟ ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن واﻟ ام H2SO4ﺎﺳ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ
ام ﺗﻘ ﻲ AFMو SEMو ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﺎﺳ ﻠ ادﻣ ﺎص ﺟ ﺎت اﻟ
ﺗﻘ ﺎت اﻟ ﻠ ﻞ اﻟ ﻔﻲ ﻟﻼدﻣ ﺎص.
اﻟﻬ ﻣ ﻘﺔ ﺟ ﻊ
اﻟ ﺎت
ﻠ اﻟ ﺗ
ﻔﻬﺎ ﺎﻟ ﺎء وﺗ ﻔ ﻔﻬﺎ ﻟ ة ﺗ ﺗ ﺗ ﺷ اء ﺑ ور ) (saraca ashokaﻣ اﻟ ق ،ﻌ ذﻟ
ق ﻓﻲ ق .ﯾ ﺗ ﻘ ﻊ 100 gﻣ اﻟ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷ ﻞ ﻣ ﻓﻲ ﻓ ن ﻋ °60وﺗ ﯾﻣ
).(pH=9 450 cm3ﻣ اﻻﯾ ﺎﻧ ل ﻋ °75ﻟ ة ،3hﯾ ﺷﺢ اﻟ ﻠ ل و ﻘﺎس ال pHﺣ
ﻌﺎد ﺗ ﻔ ﻔﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔ ن اﻟ ﺎﺋﻞ اﻟ ﺷﺢ إﻟﻰ 100mlﻟ ﺞ ﻘﺎ ﺎ ﺑ ﺔ داﻛ ﺔ ،ﺗ ﯾ
ﺑﻠ ن ﺑ ﻲ. ﺻﻠ ل ﻋﻠﻰ 4.5gﻣ راﺳ ﯾ اﻟ ﻋ 60C°ﻟ ة ﯾ ﻣ .وﻓﻲ اﻷﺧ
ﻠ ﺗ ﻔ ﻒ اﻟ ﻣ ﻠﻔﺔ ﻋ ل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ ﺎﻟ ﻞ اﻻﺧ ﺎر ﺑ اﻛ اﻟ ق اﻟ راﺳﺔ ﯾ
).(0.5 M اﻟ ام ﻣ ﻠ ل ﺣ ﺎﺳ ﻘﺔ اﻟ
وﺳ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ
و اﺗ ﺎذﻩ ام اﻟ ﺎء اﻟ ﻘ ) (H2SO4إﻟﻰ ) (0.5 Mﺎﺳ اﻟ ﺗ ﺗ ﻔﻒﺣ
ﻛ ﺳ ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ.
75
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن
،ﻌ ذﻟ ﻔﻬﺎ ﺎﻷﺳ ن وﺷ ﻔﻬﺎ ﺎﻟ ﺎء اﻟ ﻘ ﺗ ﺻﻘﻞ اﻟﻌ ﺎت ﺎﻟ رق اﻟ ﺎﺷ ،ﺛ ﺗ
ﻲ ﻟ ة 24 hﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ اﻟﻌ ﺎت ﻓﻲ 20 mlﻣ اﻟ ﻠ ل اﻟ ﺗ وزﻧﻬﺎ .ﻌ ﻫﺎ ﺗ ﻏ
د ﺗ إﺧ اج اﻟﻌ ﺎت وﺷ ﻔﻬﺎ ﺎﻷﺳ ن وﺗ ﻔ ﻔﻬﺎ ﺗ اﻟ ﺣ ارة ،25°cﻌ ﻣ ور اﻟ ﻗ
ﯾ ﻗ اﻟ زن اﻟ ﻔﻘ د. ﺛ إﻋﺎدة وزن اﻟﻌ ﺎت ﻟ وﺟ ﺗ ﻓ اﻟ
ﺑ ور ﻠ ﻣ ﻠﻔﺔ ﻣ ﻣ ﻟﻠﻔ ﻻذ ﺑ اﻛ ﺔ و ﻔﺎءة اﻟ ـ ـ ﺗ ﺣ ﺎب اﻟ ﻐ ﺔ اﻟ
) (saraka ashokaﺎﻟ ﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﺔ:
°
= °
)..........(10
)........(11
°
=% °
×
. ﻗ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن ﻓﻲ ﻏ ﺎب و وﺟ د ﻏ ﺎب اﻟ و ° ﺣ
ﺎﺋ ﺔ و اﻟ ق اﻹ ﻟ
ل ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳ ﻘ ار ﻲ ﻟ ة ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻟﻠ اﻟﻌ ﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣ ﻠ ل اﻻﺧ ﺎر اﻟ ﻗ ــ ﺗ ﻏ
ﺟﻬ اﻟ ارة اﻟ ﻬ ﺎﺋ ﺔ.
100KHZإﻟﻰ 0.1HZﻣﻊ إﺷﺎرة ﻓﻲ ﻗ ﺎﺳﺎت اﻟ ﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﺗ ﻣ ﺢ ﻣ ﺎل ﻟﻠ دد ﻣ
ام اﻟ ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﺔ: ﺔ ﻣ ﺧﻼل اﺳ ﺗ ﺣ ﺎب اﻟ ﻔﺎءة اﻟ ﺳﻌ ﻬﺎ .5 mVﺣ
− °
=% × (………….. )
76
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن
رة ﺳﺎ ﻘﺎ وﻋ ﺿﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺔ ﺎﻟ ﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟ ﺔ واﻟ ﻐ ﺔ اﻟ ﺗ ﺣ ﺎب اﻟ ﻔﺎءة اﻟ
اﻟ ول اﻟ اﻟﻲ:
ﻣ ﻠﻔﺔ ﺔ ﺑ اﻛ واﻟ ﻐ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ ول) :(1-6-Ⅲﻗ اﻟ زن اﻟ ﻔﻘ د و ﻔﺎءة اﻟ
ﻣ ).(SA
ﺔ اﻟ ﻔﺎءة اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ ﻐ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ زن اﻟ ﻔﻘ د اﻟ ﺗ
-1 -1
)(IE% )(θ ) (mg cm h )(mg/l
00 00 0.0563 0
71.93 0.7193 0.0158 25 اﻟ ﺎﺋﺞ
واﻟ ﺎﻗ ﺔ
77.79 0.7779 0.0125 50
82.52 0.8252 0.00984 75
89.98 0.8998 0.00564 100
ﺔ ﻧﺎت اﻟ اﻣ از اﻟ وذﻟ ﻠ اﻟ ﻘﻞ ﻣﻌ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻣﻊ زﺎدة ﺗ
ﺔ ﺗ داد ﺑ ﺎدة ﺗ أن اﻟ ﻔﺎءة اﻟ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ .ﻓﻲ ﺣ ﻠ ﻓﻲ اﻟ
100 mg/l ﺔ 89.98%ﻋ ل ﻋﻠﻰ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻔﺎءة ﺗ ﺗ اﻟ ،ﺣ اﻟ
ام اﯾ وﺗﺎرم ) ،(S.A.ﺗ اﺳ ﻠ ﻣ اﻟ ﻠ ﻞ ﻟ ﻠ ك اﻹﻣ از ﻟ ﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻟ
ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن. ل ﻋﻠ ﻬﺎ ﻋ ﺔ اﻟ ﻲ ﺗ اﻟ اﻟ ﺎﻧﺎت اﻟ ﻟ ﺎﺳ ﻟ ﻧﻐ
ﻌ ﻲ ﺎﻟ ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﺑ اﺳ ﺔ اﯾ وﺗﺎرم ﻟ ﻧﻐ اﻣ از ﺟ ﺎت اﻟ
ﺣ : θ
)= + c … … … . . (14 اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﺔ :
ﺗ ازن اﻻﻣ از ﺔ :k ،ﺗﺎﺑ ): θ، (S.Aﻧ ﺔ اﻟ ﻐ ﺔ اﻟ ﻠ ﻣ :Cﺗ
ﺎﺋ ﺔ و ﻘﺔ اﻹﻟ اﻟ
ﻘﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎب اﻟ ﯾ ﺎﻣ ﻲ
ﺎت ﺗﺎﻓﺎل وﺳﻠ ك اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎب وﻣ ﻠ اﻟ ﺗ دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛ ﺗ
ﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ول اﻟ اﻟﻲ. ل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﺎﺋﺞ اﻟ ﺗ اﻟ .H2SO4ﺣ 0.5Mﻣ
77
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
اﻟ ﺎﺋﺞ أن اﻟ ﺎدة ﻓﻲ ﻗ ﺔ Rctﺗﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﺗﺸﻜﯿﻞ طﺒﻘﺔ واﻗﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ أﺛ
أﻣﺎ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻗﯿﻢ Rctو CPEﻓﮭﻲ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﺳﺘﺒﺪال ﺟﺰﯾﺌﺎت اﻟﻤﺎء ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ اﻣﺘﺰاز
اﻟﻤﺜﺒﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪى اﻧﺤﻼل اﻟﻤﻌﺪن.
ــ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻞ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻔﺎء ﺗﺜﺒﯿﻄﯿﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ 100 mg/lو اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ .93.09 %
ﺗﻘ ﺎت دراﺳﺔ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟ ﻌ ن
ﺗ ﻠ ﻞ :FTIR
أ ﻬ ت اﻷ ﺎف ﻓﻲ ﺗ ﻠ ﻞ : FTIRإﻫ از ﺗ د O-Hﻋ 3379.40cm-1
ﺔ ﻋ .1602.50cm-1ﺗ ﻬ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ ﺎﺋﺞ أن C-Oﻋ 1013.52cm-1وﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻋ
78
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
ﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺟ د ذرات Oواﻟ ﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﻌ )(S.A. ﻠ ﺎدة ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻟ اﻟ ﺎﺻ ﺔ اﻟ
. ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺟ دة ﻓﻲ اﻟ اﻟ
ﺔ ﻣ ﺎﻓ ﺔ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟ ﺋ ﺔ و ﻓ ق اﻟ ﻔ
اﻟﻌ ﺔ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺎص اﻟ ﻠ ل ﻗ ﻞ ﻏ ﺎص وﺟ أن اﻣ أ ﺎف اﻻﻣ ﻣ
اﻟﻌ ﺔ ﻓ ﻪ ﻟ ة 24ﺳﺎﻋﺔ. ﺗ ﻏ ﺎص اﻟ ﻠ ل اﻟ ﺎﻣ
*
250 nmو 310 nmﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ اﻟﻲ .ﯾ ﺿﺢ ذﻟ أﻧﻪ ﻬ اﻧ ﻘﺎل π-πو * n-πﻋ ــــ
ﺎت اﻟ ﺎص ﻌ ﺗ اﻣ ﻠ ﻲ ﻟﻠ اﻟﻌ ﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻠ ل اﻟ ﻋ ﻣﺎ ﺗ ﻏ
ﻣ اﻟ ﻠ ل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟ ﻌ ن.
ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﺗ ﻠ ﻞ :SEMأ ﻬ ﺷ ﻞ اﻟﻌ ﺔ ﻋ ﻏ ﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ) (0.5 Mﻣ ﺣ
ﻬﺎ. ﻘﺔ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﻟﻠ ﺎ ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺗ وﺟ د اﻟ
ﺎن .ﺣ ﺗ ﻠ ﻞ :AFMأ ﻬ ﺻ ر ﻟﻠﻔ ﻻذ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻠ ل ﻓﻲ وﺟ د وﻏ ﺎب اﻟ
ﺢ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﺢ 138.807 nmو ﺗﻠﻒ اﻟ ﻣ ﺳ ﺧ ﻧﺔ اﻟ ﻓﻲ ﻏ ﺎب اﻟ
ﻓﺎن ﻣ ﺳ ﻲ .أﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟ د اﻟ اﻧ ﻼل اﻟ ﻌ ن ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻠ ل اﻟ
ﺢ ﯾ ﺟﻊ اﻟﻰ اﻣ از ﺢ ، 48.60 nmاﻧ ﻔﺎض ﻣ ﺳ ﺧ ﻧﺔ اﻟ ﺧ ﻧﺔ اﻟ
ﻘﺔ واﻗ ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟ ﻌ ن. ﺗﺄﻛ ﺗ ﻞ ﺢ اﻟ ﻌ ﻧﻲ ،ﻓ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﻠ اﻟ
ﺑﻤﺤﻠﻮل H2SO4 ﺗﺂﻛﻞ ﺟ ﺑ ور ) (S.A.إﻟﻰ ﺣ ﻠ ﻌﻞ ﻣ
).(M0.5
ﻠ . ن ﻣ اﻟ ع اﻟ ﻗ أ ﻬ ت ﻧ ﺎﺋﺞ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎب أن اﻟ اﻟ ﻼﺻﺔ
ﻲ ﺗ داد و ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻘﺔ ا ﻬ ت ﻗ ﺎﺳﺎت اﻟ ﺎﻧﻌﺔ أن ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﻧ ﻘﺎل اﻟ
. ﻓﻲ وﺟ د اﻟ اﻟ دوﺟﺔ ﺗ ﻔ
ﺎﺋ ﺔ %95.48ﻋ ﻘﺔ اﻟ ﻬ و ﺔ ﺎﻟ اﻟ ﺗ ﻬ ﻧ ﺎﺋﺞ ﻔﺎءة اﻟ
100 mg/L
. اﻟ ﺔ ﻣﻊ زﺎدة ﺗ زﺎدة اﻟ ﻔﺎءة اﻟ
اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﺗ ث ﻣ أﻛ ت ﻧ ﺎﺋﺞ SEMو AFMواﯾ وﺗﺎرم Langmuirأن آﻟ ﺔ ﺗ
ﺧﻼل ﻋ ﻠ ﺔ اﻻﻣ از.
79
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
ول ) :(7-Ⅲﺗ ﻠ ﻞ ﻣﻘﺎل Inhibition and adsorption of oil extract of Balanites aegyptiaca اﻟ
seeds on the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid environment
Inhibition and adsorption of oil extract of Balanites aegyptiaca seeds on the اﻟﻌ ان
corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid environment
80
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬ اء اﻟ ﻠ ،و ﻌ ﻧﻬﺎ ﺔ اﻻﺧ ﺎر ﺗ اﺳ داد اﻟﻌ ﺎت وﻏ ﻠﻬﺎ ﻘ ـ ـ ﺟ ﻊ اﻟ ﺎرب
ﯾ ﻣﻘ ار اﻟ زن اﻟ ﻔﻘ د ﻓ ﻬﺎ. ﺎﻟ ﺎء وﺗ ﻔ ﻔﻬﺎ ﺎﻷﺳ ن ﺛ ﻌﺎد وزﻧﻬﺎ ﻟ
ﺔ ﻣ ﺧﻼل اﻟ ﻌﺎدﻻت ﺔ و اﻟ ﻔﺎءة اﻟ ـ ـ ـ ﺗ ﺣ ﺎب ﻣﻌ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ واﻟ ﻐ ﺔ اﻟ
اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﺔ:
ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن
81
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
82
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
– ﻣﻌ ن. ﻣ
ﺔ اﻟ ﻲ ﻞ ﺟ ﻣﻊ اﻟ ﺎﻧﺎت اﻟ ﻫ اﻟ ﺎﺳ -ﺗ اﻟﻌ ر ﻋﻠﻰ إﯾ وﺗﺎرم ﺗ
ز ) (B.A.اﻟ ﻌ ﻰ ﺎﻟ ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﺔ: ﻠ ل ﻋﻠ ﻬﺎ ﻟ ﺗ اﻟ
83
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
84
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
85
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
ﺳ ﺢ ﻣﻌ ن\ﻣ ﻠ ل واﻟ ﻲ ﻣ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ وﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ ﺔ ﻟﻼﻧ ﻘﺎل اﻹﻟ ﻣﻌﻠ ﻣﺎت اﻟ اﺣﻞ اﻟ
).(Nyquist ﺎت ﻧ ل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ ﯾ اﻟ
ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻧ ﺎﺋﺞ ﻣ ﻘﺎرﺔ و ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن واﻟ ق اﻻﻟ ﻞ ﻋﻠ ﻬﺎ ﻣ ﻗ ﺎﺳﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺋﺞ اﻟ
اﻻﻋ ﺎد ﻘ أن ﻼ اﻟ أ ﻘ ﻞ ﻋﻠ ﻬﺎ ﺟ ة ﻓﻲ اﻟ اﻟ ﺟ ا وﻧ ﺔ اﻟ
ﺔ. ﻋﻠ ﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣ ﺎب اﻟ ﻔﺎءة اﻟ
درﺟﺔ اﻟ ارة: .3-3-Ⅲﺗﺄﺛ
رة اﻟ راﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻌﺔ ﻋ ﻠ ﺔ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌ و درﺟﺔ اﻟ ارة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻔﺎءة اﻟ ﺗ دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛ
ﺗ ﺷ ح ﺗﺄﺛ ﻫﺎ ﺑ اﺳ ﺔ ،ﺣ ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن وذﻟ ﻓﻲ ﻏ ﺎب و وﺟ د اﻟ ام أﻋﻼﻩ ﺎﺳ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟ ﺣ ﻋ ﻣﺎ ﺎن زﺎدة درﺟﺔ اﻟ ارة ﺗ د إﻟﻰ اﻣ از ﺟ ﺎت اﻟ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ أرﻫ س ﺣ
ﻣﻌ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ وﺗ ﻔ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟ ﻌ ن و ﺎﻟ ﺎﻟﻲ زﺎدة ﻣﻌ ل أﻛ ة اﻟ ﯾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻓ
ﺔ ،و ﻧﻘ ﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﯾ د إﻟﻰ اﻧ ﻔﺎض ﻣﻌ ل اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ و ﺎﻟ ﺎﻟﻲ اﻟ ﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻔﺎءة اﻟ ﻔﺎءة اﻟ
ﺔ. اﻟ
.4-3-Ⅲإﯾ وﺗﺎرم اﻹﻣ از:
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟ ﻌ ن ﻣ أﻫ اﻟ اﺿ ﻊ ﻓﻲ دراﺳﺔ اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻌ ﻲ ﻣﻌﻠ ﻣﺎت إﻣ از اﻟ ﻌ
وﺳ ﺢ اﻟ ﻌ ن ﺗ ن واﺿ ﺔ ﻣ اﻟ ﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑ ﺣ ل اﻟ ﻘﺔ اﻟ دوﺟﺔ اﻟ ﻬ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ،ﻓ
وﻫ ﺎ اﻹﻣ از اﻟﻔ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺳﻠ ك اﻟ ﻔ ﺧﻼل اﯾ وﺗﺎرم اﻹﻣ از وﻫ ﺎك ﻧ ﻋﺎن ﻣ اﻹﻣ از اﻟ
ﻌﺔ وﻗ ة اﻹﻣ از ﺗ اﺧ ﺎر إﯾ وﺗﺎرم )(Langmuir , Temkin, Frumkin ﺎﺋﻲ ،وﻟ ﺿ ﺢ واﻟ
دج اﻟ ﻊ ﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻻرﺗ ﺎ ﻟ ﻌ ﻓﺔ ﺔ اﻟ ﻲ ﻣ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﯾ ﺗﻌ اﻟ ﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟ ﺑ
. ﻓﻲ اﻣ از اﻟ
ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟ ﻌ ن أد إﻟﻰ اﻟ راﺳﺎت اﻟ ﺎ ﻘﺔ وﺟ أن إﻣ از اﻟ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌ
ﻧ ذج اﯾ وﺗﺎرم )(Langmuir ﻘﺔ واﻗ ﺔ وﺣ ة ﺗ اﻓ ﺗ
86
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ أوﺳﺎ او ﺔ اﻟ ﺎﺗﺎت اﻟ ﻲ" ،(2007)،دراﺳﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟ ﺔ ﻌ ] [35ﻧ ﺳﺔ اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ
،ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ورﻗﻠﺔ. ﻣﺎﺋ ﺔ" ﻣ ة ﻣﺎﺟ
اﻟﻘﺎدرEtude de l’effet inhibitrice des extrais de plantes sur l acier " (2017) ، ﻋ ] [39ﺑ ﻣ
ر ،ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ورﻗﻠﺔ.
ا ، "CX52رﺳﺎﻟﺔ د
ﻠ ﺎت اﻟﻔ ﻟ ﺔ ﺎ وﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻟﻠ ﺎدة ﻟﻸﻛ ة وﻟﻠ ] [40ﺑﻠﻔﺎر آﺳ ﺎ" ، (2018) ،دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻘ رة اﻟ
ﻟ ﺎت ،"Limoniastrum guyonianum Durرﺳﺎﻟﺔ د راء ،ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ورﻗﻠﺔ.
87
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
88
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
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132–146.
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B. Mamouti, A. Chetouani, (2017), "electrochemical and thermodynamic study of the
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of carbon steel in a acidic medium", Moroccan Journal of Chemistry : vol 5, N 3, p 404- 416.
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89
ﺎت ﻟﻠ ﺂﻛﻞ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ
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90
اﻟ ﻼﺻﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ
اﻟ ﻼﺻﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ
ﺗﻌ ﻞ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ راﺳﺎت اﻟ رﻓ ﻟ ﺟ ﺔ أﻫ ﻬﺎ SEM :و FTIRﺣ ﻟ راﺳﺔ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟ ﻌ ن ﺗ
و ﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻏ ﺎب و ﻓﻲ وﺟ د اﻟ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻣ ﺧﻼل ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺻ رة اﻟ إﺛ ﺎت اﻣ از اﻟ
ﻔ ﺔ اﻟ ﺟ دة ﻋﺎت اﻟ ﻞ اﻟ ﻘﺔ اﻟ اﻗ ﺔ ،أﻣﺎ اﻟ ﺎﻧ ﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﻌ ﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﻌ ف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﻣﻼﺣ ﺔ ﺗ
. وﻟﺔ ﺑ ورﻫﺎ ﻋ اﻟ ﻓﻲ أﺟ اء اﻟ ﺎت و اﻟ
92
اﻟ ﻼﺻﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ
93
:اﻟﻤﻠﺨﺺ
ﺎت ﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔ ﻻذ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﺳ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ ﯾﻬ ف ﻫ ا اﻟﻌ ﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻘ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ
ﺗ اﺧ ﺎرﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣ.ﺔ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ ﻣ ﻣ ﻠﻒ اﻷﻋ ﺎء ﺧﺎﺻﺔ اﻷوراق ﻓﻲ ﻣ ﯾ ﺎت ﻗ ت ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ ﺣ،ﻲ اﻟ
ﻘﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ اﻟ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ و اﻟﻠ ﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﺔ اﻟ ﺎﺋ ﺔ و ﺗﻌ و ﻘﺔ اﻹﻟ ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن و اﻟ ﻲ ﺑ ﺣ وﺳ
ﺧ ﻌ ( ﺣLangmuir , Temkin, Frumkin) اﺧ ﺎر ﻧ ﺎذج أﺷﻬ ﻫﺎ ﻌﺔ وﻗ ة اﻹﻣ از ﯾ ﻘﺔ اﻟ ﺎﻧ ﺔ وﻟ ﺿ ﺢ ﻟﻠ
FTIR وSEM :اﻟ راﺳﺎت اﻟ رﻓ ﻟ ﺟ ﺔ أﻫ ﻬﺎ ﻟ راﺳﺔ ﺳ ﺢ اﻟ ﻌ ن ﺗ.(Langmuir) ﻣﻌ ﻬﺎ ﻟ ذج اﯾ وﺗﺎرم
ﻎ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ذات اﻟ ﺎت اﻟ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﺣ اﺋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌ د اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻞ ﻣ اﻟ ﻣ ﺧﻼل اﻟ راﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻠ ﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻟﻘ ﺗ
.ة ﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟ اﻟ
،ﺎﺋ ﺔ و ﻘﺔ اﻹﻟ اﻟ،ﻘﺔ ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ زن ﻲ اﻟ ﺳ اﻟ،اﻟ ﺂﻛﻞ ﺗ،ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ اﻟ، اﻟﻔ ﻻذ:اﻟ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﻔ ﺎﺣ ﺔ
. اﻟ راﺳﺎت اﻟ رﻓ ﻟ ﺟ ﺔ،اﻹﻣ از
Résumé:
Le but de ce travail est de mener une étude de la littérature scientifique pour contribuer à
l'application d'extraits végétaux comme inhibiteurs de corrosion de l'acier en milieu acide Ces
extraits végétaux ont été préparés à partir de divers organes notamment de feuilles dans des
solvants polaires. Là où il a été testé en milieu acide en appliquant la méthode de perte de masse
et la méthode électrochimique, et la première méthode est le support et l'élément de base de la
deuxième méthode. Pour clarifier la nature et la force de l'adsorption, les modèles les plus
connus (Langmuir, Temkin et Frumkin) sont testés, où la plupart d'entre eux ont été soumis au
modèle isotarm (Langmuir) .Pour étudier la surface du minéral, des études morphologiques sont
appliquées, dont les plus importantes sont: SEM et FTIR. Des études analytiques sur des extraits
de plantes ont révélé qu’ils contiennent un grand nombre de composés chimiques avec des
formules chimiques distinctes.
Les mots clés: aciers, extraits végétaux, inhibition de la corrosion, milieu acide, méthode perte
de masse, méthode électrochimique, adsorption, études morphologiques.
Abstract:
The aim of this study is to conduct a survey of the scientific literature to contribute to the
application of plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors of steel in an acidic medium. These
extracted plant have been prepared from various organs, in particular leaves, in polar solvents.
Where it has been tested in acidic medium by applying the mass loss method and the
electrochemical method, the first method is the support and building block of the second method.
To clarify the nature and the strength of adsorption, the best models (Langmuir, Temkin and
Frumkin) are tested, where most of them have been subjected to the isotarm model (Langmuir).
To study the surface of the mineral, morphological studies are applied, the most important are:
SEM and FTIR. Analytical studies on plant extracts have shown that they contain a large number
of chemical compounds with distinct chemical formulas.
Key words: steels, plant extracts, corrosion inhibition, acidic medium, mass loss method,
electrochemical method, adsorption, morphological studies.