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Date: September 10, 2022

Narrative:

The Comparative Models in Policing can give us a vast learning. It contains theories of
camparative models in Policing , National system of Criminal Justice System Across the
World, characteristic of comparative models in Policing and those important terms.
That make us better understand the process of criminal justice system in our country
and across the world.

"COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING"

Theories of comparative policing:

1. Alertness to crime Theory- Explains that people's alertness to crimes is heighteneds

so they report more crime's to yhe police and also demand the police to become more
effective in solving crimes problems.

2. Economic or migration theory- crime is result of of an unrestrained migration and

overpopulation is a urban areas such as ghettos and slums.

3. Opportunity theory- Along with a higher standard of living victims becomes more
careless of their belongings and opportunities of committing of prime multiply.
4. Demographic theory- Numbers of children are being born because as this baby
booms grow up delinquent subcultures develop out of the adolescent identity quizzes.

5. Deprivation theory- Progress comes along with rising expectation and people at the
bottom develop unrealistic expectations while people at the top do not see themselves
rising fast enough.

6. Modernization theory- Sees the problem of society becoming to complex.

7. Anomie and Synomie theory- The latter being is a term referring to a social cohesion
of values; suggest the progressive lifestyle and norn results in the disintegration of
older norms that once held people together.

NATIONAL SYSTEM OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM ACROSS THE WORLD

A. Common Law System - This is distinguish by a strong adversarial system where

lawyers interpret and judge are bound by precedent.

B. Civil Law- This is distinguish by strong inquisitorial system where fewer rights are
granted to the accused, and written law are taken as gospel and subject to little
interpretation.

C Socialist System- Wherein producers design to rehabilitate or restrain people into

fulfilling their responsibilities to the state.

D. Islamic System- It derives all its procedure cand practices from the interpretation of
the Koran.

TYPES OF GOVERNMENT

1. Monarchy- One which supreme power of sovereignty is vested in the rules of a

monarch.

2. Aristocracy- Formcl of government in which supreme power is vested in the few

privileged class or group wherein high power is based from birth, wealth and wisdom.

3. Democracy- Rule by people

4. Anarchy- Derived from the Greek word anarchia which means " without a ruler".
Continental Theory- Policeman are considered as servant of the higher authorities and
the people have little or no share at all in their duties.

Home Rule Theory- On the other hand home rule considered policemen as servants of
the community who depends on the effectiveness of their functions upon the express
wishes of the people.

1. Old concept- Punishment is the sole instrument of crime control and yardstick of
police efficiency is more on arrest.

2. Modern Concept- This concept considers the police as an organ of crime prevention.

Policing:

This is the practice for the maintenance of peace and order,law enforcement and for the
security of the community.

Important terms;

Comparative Correctional System - Comparing the types and forms of punishment of

different countries.

Comparative Juvenile Justice System- Comparing the juvenile justice system of

different countries.

Comparative Court System- Comparing the Court System of different countries.

Model System- Models system is used to describe the countries being use as topic of
discussion.

Transnational Crime:

It is committed is one state but a substantial part of it's preparation, planning, direction
or control takes place in another state.

Examples:
Human Trafficking - Act of recruiting, transporting and transferring.

Drug Trafficking- Selling drugs and drugs paraphernalia.

Money Laundering- Process of creating the appearance that large amounts of money
obtained from illegal means.

Cybercrimes- Illegal activity that make use of the internet.

Terrorism -

Notable Organized Crime Groups;

Italian America

Asian. Japanese

Chinese

Comparative police system:

It is the science and art of investigating and comparing the police system of nations.

Different methods of comparative police system:

A. Safari Method - It is a type of research in comparative criminology wherein a

researcher will visit another country for comparison purposes.

B. Collaborative Method- One researcher will collaborate the work to a foreign

researcher

C. Historical Comparative- Most often employed chy researcher, use quantitative and
qualitative methods.

D. Unpublished works Comparative- Single and to culture study using published works.

International Criminal Justice - It involves the study and description of one country's law,
criminal procedure, or justice process it attempts to build on the knowledge of criminal
justice in one county by investigating and evaluating in terms of another country culture
and institution.

Comparative criminal justice - Such study can take a descriptive historical, or political
approach. It studies the difference and similarities in the structure,goals , punishment
and emphasis and rights as well as the history and political structure of different
systems.

Transnational Policing - Pertains to all forms of policing that transgress national

borders.

International Policing - Indicate those types of policing that are formally directed by
institutions usually responsible for international affairs.

Global Policing l- Indicate those forms of policing that are fully global in scope.

Globalization:

A process of interaction and integration among the people, companion,and

governments of different nations,a process driven by international trade and investment
and aided by information technology.

Effects of Globalization:

A. Industry- The world has become a huge market we're you can buy ans self thing
produce in any part of the world.

B. Culture - Globalization means a decreased in the cultural diversity that use to exist in
the world earlier.

C. Legislation - There has been an increase in the stablishment of international court of

justice where someone accused could be dealt with in any part of the world.

D. Language - With increase globalization people tend to forget their mother tongue and
use English instead as their is an idea that it makes them superior in some way.

E. Information - With use of internet and other kinda of information technology,it has
become easier and faster to share the information world wide.

F. Finance - Globalization has made it easier to raise finance through individual and
firm'ls outside The country.

G. Politics - Powerful countries and individual nowadays have political control over the
whole world not only their county.

Effects of Globalization to Law enforcement in the Philippines:

The facilitation of transnational crimes and criminals can be easily achieve.

The cooperation among police organizations in the world is Vital

Training instruction for incoming law enforcement officers must include advance
computer to prepared as cyber cops.

Development of new strategies to deal with international organize crime is a must

Provisions of law enforcement with updated legislation related or modernization theory

of crime.

Concept of Globalization;

Globalization as Internationalization

Globalization as Liberalization

Globalization as Universalization

Globalization as Westernization or Modernization

Globalization as Deterritorialization

Impact of Globalization and new technologies on drug related crime and criminal
organizations:

On Cybercrime- Types of activities that use to describe violation of law that are
committed through the use of electromagnetic Media.

On Drug Related organize crime- Organize criminality has become more transnational
and has been decentralized.

Future challenges to law enforcement;

1. Opportunities for all forms of crime may increase has online communications,
finance and commerce expand.
2. Transnational crime may increase as networks make cross.

3. Organize crime may continue to exploit technological advance for offensive and
defensive purposes.

4. Electronic money - Laundering may increase with the growth of online financial
services companies, specially if measures against money.

5. Drug - Related crime may expand; such crime will be committed by a larger number of
people, many of whom will not be members of organized criminal groups.

6. Minors Kay increasingly commit crimes involving information technology as New

Generation achieve computer literacy at an early age.

7. Criminal organization may exploit scientific development in order to invest more

heavily in the production of synthetic drugs for the illicit market.

8. Law enforcement may have less capacity to conduct interception and surveillance
activities as Drug trafficking organizations increasingly adopt encryption and other
means of concealment.

9. Jurisdictions without adequate laws against crime involving information technology

may become sanctuaries.

10. Traditional frameworks for extradition and mutual legal assistance may be
stretched to their limits.

And Working in proactive partnership with cetizens is also the best way to identify and
solve problems. Comparative Models policing is the source of better action of every
people in the country and the whole world. It has a vast characteristic that make people
knowledgeable when it comes of law.
 Exercise 1

Instruction: A word cross game identify the terms being refers below and
write on the appropriate boxes
1.Prosecution

2.Comparative

3.Collaborative

4.Police

5. System

6. Safari

7. Correction
8. Justice

Instruction: Differentiate the Four Types of Societies based on their laws

,police system and infliction of
punishment

Folk- Urban Urban Bureaucratic

Communal Commercial Industrial

Law No specification In an urban- In an Urban- A Bureaucratic

among police and Commercial, Industrial culture, society has a legal
system of culture, there is ethical behavior is system , police
punishment that civil law not only defined, who are frequently
just let's thing go specialized police but also dealing with
for awhile without forces and prescribed by the terrorism and
attention until inconsistent regulations. political crime and
things become punishment that is a punishment
too much, and alternately severe system
then harsh, and merciful. distinguished by
barbaric over
punishment is criminalization
restored. and over
crowding.
 Police Little codification Has civil law, Codified laws, Has a system of
of law and no specialized police police specialized law, police who
specialization forces, on how to handle tend to, keep busy
among police punishment is property crimes. handing political
inconsistent, crime and
sometimes terrorism.
harash,
sometimes
lenient.
Codified laws,
police specialized
on how to handle
property crimes.
Punishmen People who study Violent method of Provide swift and Presumably,
t
comparative execution such as heavy punishment ridiculous,
criminal justice hanging to assert their sentences, such
different forms. beheading. roles of power. as multiple life
sentences or
sentence of
hundreds.

Instructions: Differentiate the Types of Criminal Justice

Common Law

-This is distinguish by a strong adversarial system where lawyers interpret and judge are
bound by precedent.
Civil Law
This is distinguish by strong inquisitorial system where fewer rights are granted to the
accused, and written law are taken as gospel and subject to little interpretation.
 Socialist
Wherein procedures design to rehabilitate or restrain people into fulfilling their
responsibilities to the state.

Islamic
- It derives all its procedure and practices from the interpretation of the Koran.

Question: In your own opinion what type of Criminal Justice is the most ideal?
Justify your answer.

Now a days criminal justice system has the biggest rule in our country
there are so many criminal cases must be completed successfuly. Criminal
justice whose give and maintain a peaceful community many professionals
in criminal justice didecated their carriers to figthing the war on drugs and
other cases through the better of law enforcement. The criminal justice is
helping us people in the community when it comes dealing law. It made
humans to stand our rights in the way of dealing crimes every people who
committed on it need justice. The most ideal criminal justice that fits now a
days is PROCEDURAL because it determined how fairly people are treated.
In the way of procedural it may help to a person to not look their appearance
inside and out in the way of procedural it fairly treated people in a right way.

Instruction: Differentiate Home- Rule and Continental Theory

Home- Continen
Rule tal
On the other hand home rule considered Policemen are considering as servant of the
policemen as servant of the community who higher authorities and the people have little or no
depends on the effectiveness of their functions share at all in their duties, nor any direct
upon the express wishes of the people. connection with them.

Instruction: Differentiate the terms

Continen Modern
tal
Is the theory of police service which maintain In modern criminology, the reason for
that police officer are servant of higher criminal conduct is not by choice, but by
authorities. circumstances, possible defect, and the notion
that the person is not completely responsible
for their actions.
Centraliz Decentrali
ed zed
A System wherein there is only one police A police system wherein police
force that is recognized and operates entire a administration and operation are independent
certain county. from one state to another. It is more
applicable to countries with federal
government.

Summary (summary of learning) make your own learning

With those Policing system many people doing their part in the community and
society for compliance of policing system. Indeed as a future criminologist we should
be responsible for doing things we have to make sure that we have a vast knowledge in
our profession so that we can implement in exact way our Policing system.