Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2 5291799192170137238 PDF
2 5291799192170137238 PDF
english language
Made by english_zno_2021
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Зміст
Letters……………………………………………………………………….………3
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Letters
Завдання номер 59 на ЗНО перевіряє ваші навички написання листа,
знання лексики та граматики. Також, важливо правильно обрати
стиль листа. За лист ви можете отримати максимум 14 балів.
Найчастіше на ЗНО дають саме неофіційний лист.
Letters
неофіційний офіційний
напівофіційний
3
Офіційний лист
ВСТУП
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I would be most grateful if you could send me details of… – Я був (-ла) б
дуже вдячний (-на) якби Ви надіслали мені деталі…
рекламу…
роботу в якості …
I apologize for not getting in contact for a long time with you… –
ОСНОВНА ЧАСТИНА
ЗАКЛЮЧНА ЧАСТИНА
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I look forward to hearing from you / to your reply. – З нетерпінням чекаю
відповіді від Вас.
If you require any further information, do not hesitate / feel free to contact
me. – Якщо Вам необхідна якась додаткова інформація, не соромтеся
зв’язатися зі мною.
ОФІЦІЙНЕ ПРОЩАННЯ
Напівофіційний лист
Напівофіційні листи зазвичай надсилають для редактора газети,
журналу, радіопрограми тощо, а також листи до осіб, із якими
дописувач знайомий не дуже близько або яким він хоче висловити
свою повагу та бути ввічливим стосовно них (друзі батьків, вчителі
тощо).
НАПІВОФІЦІЙНЕ ПРИВІТАННЯ
Dear Sir/Madame
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ВСТУП
Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear from you. – Дякую за ваш
лист. Я був(-ла) радий(-а) почути щось від вас.
відповідь …
зацікавленість у …
I should also remind you that… – Також повинен вам нагадати, що..
ЗАКЛЮЧНА ЧАСТИНА
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I would really appreciate it if you could answer me as soon as possible. –
Я був би дуже вам вдячний, якщо б ви змогли відповісти мені
якнайшвидше.
Hope to hear from you soon. – Сподіваюся, скоро почую щось від вас.
Please let me know when you are available. – Будь ласка, дайте мені
знати, коли ви будете вільні.
НАПІВОФІЦІЙНЕ ПРОЩАННЯ
Неофіційний лист
Неофіційні листи зазвичай пишуть людям, яких добре знають (друзям,
родичам тощо), про актуальні новини, особисті проблеми тощо.
НЕОФІЦІЙНЕ ПРИВІТАННЯ
ВСТУП
How have the family been?/ I hope you are well. – Як сім'я? Сподіваюся,
у всіх все добре
Sorry, I got lost for ages, but ... – Пробач, я зовсім пропав
I thought I’d write and let you know that … – Думаю, що напишу і
It was really great to hear all your news, after not hearing from you for
ages…– Це було дійсно круто чути від тебе новини, після того, як ми не
спілкувались так довго…
ОСНОВНА ЧАСТИНА
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Listen, did I tell you about ...? You'll never believe what ... – Слухай, я
говорив тобі про... Ти ніколи не повіриш, що....
I'm / We're having a party on Friday 19th and I / we hope you'll be able to
come. – У нас буде вечірка 19 числа в п'ятницю, і ми сподіваємося ти
зможеш прийти.
I'm writing to ask for your help / you (if you could do me) a favour. – Я
пишу дізнатися, чи зміг би ти зробити мені послугу.
I hope you do not mind me asking but could you (possibly) ...? –
сподіваюся ти не проти, я б хотів попросити тебе про..
I'd be very / really / terribly grateful if you could ... – я буду страшенно
вдячний якщо ти....
Also, I’d like to tell you that… – Також, хочу розповісти про..
Moreover, I’d like to tell you that …– Більш того, я хочу розповісти тобі
про…
ЗАКЛЮЧНА ЧАСТИНА
I should get going / Well, it's time to go well / I have to go now – Ну, мені
пора
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Take care of yourself – бережи себе
Always happy to hear from you! – завжди радий (рада) чути тебе!
Please write to me again soon, and tell me all yournews. – Будь ласка,
напиши мені знову та розповіси усі свої новини.
Let’s hope that things get better. – Сподіваймося, що все буде добре.
Let’s hope that everything turns out all right. – Сподіваймося, що все
буде добре.
Write to me and tell me your plans. – Напиши мені і розповіси про свої
плани.
ПРОЩАННЯ
Love – з любов'ю
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top dog – переможець
in a nutshell – коротко
bite off more than one can chew – переоцінити свої можливості
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to go through fire and water – пройти крізь вогонь і воду
in a fog – розгублений
to get out of the bed on the wrong side – вставати з лівої ноги
egghead – розумник
Bite off more than you can chew – брати занадто багато зобов'язань на
себе
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bolt from the blue – як сніг на голову
Linking words
Послідовність
Firstly, secondly, thirdly По-перше, по-друге, по-третє
Initially Спочатку
In addition, moreover Крім того/до того ж
Another Інший
Also Також
Further Далі
First and foremost В першу чергу
Afterwads Після цього
Last but not least Останнє, але не менш важливе
In conclusion На закінчення
To summarise/to conclude Підводячи підсумок
Результат
So Таким чином
As a result В результаті
As a consequence (of) Як наслідок
Therefore Тому
Thus Таким чином
Consequently Отже
Hence Таким чином
Due to Через те, що
Наголошення
Undoubtedly Безсумнівно
Indeed Дійсно
Obviously Очевидно
Generally Зазвичай
Admittedly За загальним визначенням
In fact Насправді
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Particular Особливо
Clearly Очевидно
Importantly Важливо
Naturally Безумовно
Of course Звичайно
Доповнення
In addition Додатково
Furthermore Крім того
Too Також
As well as А також
What is more Більш того
Besides Крім того
Not only…but also… Не тільки…але і…
Equally important Однаково важливим
Причина
Because Тому що
As Як
Because of Через
Owing to the fact that Завдяки
Due to the fact that З огляду на те, що
For this reason З цієї причини
In view of З огляду на
On the grounds that На тій підставі
Приклад
For example/for instance Наприклад
Such as Такий як
One example of this is Одним прикладом
As an illustration Як приклад
To demonstrate Щоб показати
Namely А саме
Including У тому числі
Контраст
Alternatively Як альтернатива
Instead Замість цього
However Однак
Nevertheless Тим не менше
Even so Навіть при цих умовах
Although Хоча
But Але
Despite/inspite of Незважаючи на
In contrast (to)/in comparison На відміну від/порівняно
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While У той час як
Whereas У той час як
On the other hand З іншого боку
On the contrary Навпаки
Порівняння
Similarly Аналогічним чином, так само
Likewise/also Також
Just as Коли, в той час як
Similar to Подібно
Same as Те ж, що
Compare Порівняти
In the same way Так само
Ціль
In order to/so as to Для того, щоб
In case У разі, на випадок
Важливість
Most/more importantly Більшість/більш важливо
Primarily Насамперед
Власна думка
In my opinion/to my mind На мою думку
To my way of thinking Мені здається
I am convinced that Я переконаний, що
Personaly I believe that Особисто я вважаю, що
I have no doubt В мене нема сумнівів
I hope Я сподіваюся
I gain insight into Я гадаю, що
Узагальнення
In general/on the whole/after all Загалом
As a rule Як правило
Therefore Тому
So Таким чином
Consequently Отже
As a result Внаслідок
In brief Коротко
Підсумок
In short Коротко
In brief Коротше кажучи
In conclusion На закінчення
In a nutshell У двох словах
To conclude Роблячи висновки
To sum up Щоб підсумувати
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In summary Як підсумок
To summarize Щоб підсумувати
Taking everything into account Враховуючи все вище зазначене
All things considered Враховуючи все вище зазначене
Виключення
Apart from/ except (for) Окрім
Перефразування
In other words Іншими словами
That is to say/to put it another way Інакше кажучи
Приклади листів
1) Неформальні листи
А) You’ve got a letter from your English pen-friend in which he/she wrote
to you about his/her future plans. He/she wants to become an actor/actress
and your friend is sure that this profession will give him/her an
opportunity to become famous and make a lot of money. Write a letter to
your pen-friend in which tell him/her
- about your thoughts regarding his/her career plans and what you are
going to do after leaving school
- how you prepare yourself for your future profession
- what you think is necessary to be successful in your future job
Write a letter of at least 150 words. Do not use your real name or any
other personal information. Start your letter in an appropriate way.
Dear Emily,
I am sorry I haven’t written for such a long time but I was very busy
with my exams. How are you? I like your choice to be an actress. And I
know that you are very talented and you’ll become a famous actress.
As for my plans I always wanted to be a singer. You know that I love
singing. But unfortunately I often have a sore throat, and the doctor said
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that it was impossible. So I decided to be a teacher of English. I study
English and German and this is what I like as much as singing.
To be ready for my future profession, firstly, I listen to English songs
and watch English movies. Secondly, I learn words when I’m walking
along the street or even cycling. But the most important thing is language
practice. I try to speak to native speakers if I have such an opportunity
wherever I am.
If I want to be a successful teacher I have to be communicative.
Moreover I must love children and love to work with them and, of course,
I have to understand children’s behavior.
Hope to hear from you soon. Drop me a line, please. And give my
regards to your family.
Best wishes,
Anna
Dear Anna,
It is sad to hear about your parents’ influence on your reading
preferences. If they like classical authors, it does not mean that you must
be fond of reading them too. Try to talk and persuade them. They must
understand you.
As for me, my parents have never told me what to read or what
music to listen to. They always teach me to be independent and make any
choice myself.
Speaking about literature I must admit that my favourite genre is
fantasy, too. I adore reading about events or places which cannot be seen
in real life. Reading fantasy gives me enormous portion of ideas and
emotions. It inspires me to be creative.
Although there is one little problem. As usual, I borrow books from
our school library, but I have already read almost all of them, and nothing
interesting is left there. So, I made up my mind to search for something
fresh and exciting in the internet.
Unfortunately, reading online turned out to be not so useful for my
eyes. They get tired quickly.
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Maybe you have got some nice books. I would be grateful to you for
those you liked most of all and your reasons why.
I am looking forward to your letter.
Best wishes,
Anna
В) You are going to England on holiday. You would like to stay for a few days
at your English friend’s. Write a letter and ask him/her if it is possible. In
your letter
Dear Jess,
Thanks for your letter. It’s great to hear that your exams are over and you’ve
got good grades. Now you can start relaxing!
I’ve also passed my exams and have some time to have a rest before entering
the uni. And I’m already making plans for this summer break. They look quite
exciting: I’m going to have a two-week tour across England. I can’t wait!
That’s why I’d like to ask if I could come and stay with you for 3 days. It’s hard
to say when exactly, but it ‘ll probably be the last week of June. Please let me know
if it’s OK with you.
By the way, what are your plans for this summer? I do hope you could come to
Ukraine. I’ve got lots of ideas what we can do here!
Give my love to your parents.
All the best,
Kate
Г) You have received a letter from your English pen-friend in which he/she
writes that he/she has earned some pocket money looking after the
neighbours’ dog. He/she asks your advice on what to buy. Write a letter to
your friend in which you:
Dear Jane,
Thanks for your letter. It was nice to hear from you. Sorry I haven't answered
for a long time because l was busy preparing from my school-leaving exams.
That's very good that you’ve earned some pocket money. In Ukraine teens
can work part-time as messengers, waiters, you can give out flyers in the streets or
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just help parents in the office.
You asked me about pocket money my parents give me every week. Well, I
do get some pocket money, but as my mum and dad don’t have a lot of extra money,
they can’t give me very much - it’s enough to have lunch after school. Actually, I
think it’s good for parents to give their children some money if they can, because it
teaches them how to manage money.
As for what to buy with the money you’ve earned, I’d keep money for
something really important. I’d advise to put it aside for your future trip after exams.
You’ve always wanted to see Madrid, so now it’s a chance!
I’ve got to go now as my mum asked me to help her with washing up. Let me
know when you decide how to spend your earned money.
Lots of love,
Mary
2) Напівофіційний лист
Listening to the radio programme you heard different people
discussing the topic of friendship between teens. You have decided to
write a letter to the editor of the programme. In your letter:
Dear Sir/Madam,
I have just listened to your programme about friends and
friendships. I’m writing to express support for this serious issue.
I strongly agree with you that friendship is defined in a million
ways. Friendship is a relationship that has many dimensions and styles.
Friendship has no boundaries and no limits. True friendship is built on
trust and mutual support. Your real friend is always there to help you and
expects the same from you. He does not judge you for what you do, but
instead understands and supports you. I do believe that a true friend is a
person who loves you unconditionally and will not try to change you.
What is more, you never know when you will meet a friend.
It is no secret that friendships are based on trust, and if that’s
betrayed, the whole relationship breaks down. Cheating, revealing your
secrets and backstabbing lead to breaking up. Thus, we should admit our
failures, practice forbearance and be willing to learn something new. And
we’ll avoid breaking up friendships over petty differences.
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To be honest, I don’t need a wide circle of friends. I prefer one or two
close friends, even though I know many people and have a large number
of acquaintances. And I am sure that having a small group of friends gives
you a better chance to cultivate deep and meaningful relationships.
To sum up, I have to state that I am in total agreement with those
who considered friendship to be a vital part of our life.
Yours faithfully,
Margaret Brown
3) Офіційний лист
Write a letter of at least 150 words. Do not use your real name or
any other personal information. Start your letter in an appropriate way.
2) You have received a letter from your English pen-friend in which he/she
writes that it may sound strange nowadays but he likes holidays because
he can give as much time as he wants to his hobby – reading. Write a
letter to your pen-friend in which you share your ideas on
3) You have received a letter from your English pen-friend in which he/she
invited you to visit Britain in summer. Write a letter to your pen-friend in
which you
4) You have received a letter from your English pen-friend in which he/she
writes that he/she did a test to see which job the most appropriate for
him/her would be. Write a letter to your pen-friendin which you tell
him/her
- you haven’t done such a test but you know what you want to be
- in what way English will be useful for your career
- what you do to learn the language better
6) You have received a letter from your English pen-friend in which he/she
describes his/her visit to a concert of his/her favourite rock band. Write a
letter to your pen-friend in which you tell him/her
7) You have just returned from Britain where you attended lessons at
Summerhill Language School The school arranged for you to stay with a
local couple you hadn’t met before your visit. Write a letter to your host
family. First thank them for having hosted you and describe
9) You’ve got a letter from your English pen-friend in which he/she writes
that he/she would like to spend his/her holidays reading interesting books
and asks your opinion on that. Write a letter to your pen-friend in which
you tell him/her
- what kind of book you read last and who recommended you to read it
- what literary genre you prefer and why and
- give some pieces of advice on how to spend holidays not to get bored
10) You want to establish a local club for young people. You need some
financial support from an inter-national company which has its
headquarters in your district. Write a letter to this company in which you
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- explain what you are asking for and describe your experience in social
activities
- give reasons why such a club is necessary in your area
- suggest the possible benefits of such a club
12) You’ve just returned from your first lesson of English courses in
London. You’ve decided to write a letter to your friend about this lesson
and about the teacher
13) Imagine that you visited La Monte restaurant last Friday, but you
weren't pleased with the service, the quality of food or the prices
14) Last month you took an active part in the TV quiz show “Around the
World”. And you’ve won a prize – two tickets for a tour of Ukraine. Write
a letter to your friend in which you
15) Your physical education teacher asked you to write a letter to your
pen-friend discussing pros and cons of team sports
- whether you and your friends play sports; what sports you play;
- what the advantages and disadvantages of playing sports in a team are;
- give advice on how to develop skills working in a team.
16) While staying in a big city you visited an exhibition of a famous artist.
Describe your impressions in a letter to a friend using the plan below
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- say when and where the exhibition took place
- tell some interesting facts from the biography of the artist
- describe your impressions of the exhibition
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офіційний лист) Увага!