Monday, 1 February 2021 2:43 PM

Transformer w/ winding resistance but no magnetic leakage

• An ideal transformer was supposed to possess no resistance but in actual transformer, there is always present some
resistance of the primary and secondary windings. Due to this resistance, there is some voltage drop in two windings.
1. The secondary terminal voltage is vectorially less than the secondary induced emf by an amount where is
the resistance of the secondary winding.

2. Similarly, primary induced emf is equal to the vector difference of and where is the resistance of the
primary winding.

Equivalent resistance

Lesson 2 Page 1
• The resistance of the two windings can be transferred to any of the two windings. The advantage of concentrating both the
resistances in one winding is that it makes the calculations very simple and easy because one has then to work in one
winding only.
• The copper loss in the secondary is . This loss is supplied by primary which takes a current of . Hence if ’ is the
equivalent resistance in primary which would cause the same loss as in secondary then,

• Secondary resistance has been transferred to primary side leaving secondary circuit resistance less. The resistance + ’
equals + is known as EQUIVALENT or EFFECTIVE RESISTANCE of the transformer as referred to primary and maybe
designated as:

Or
Similarly the equivalent resistance of the transformer as referred to secondary

Or

Magnetic leakage
• All the flux linked w/ the primary does link the secondary but part of it, i.e., completes its magnetic by passing through
air rather than around the core. This leakage flux is produced when mmf due to primary AT exists and acts alone the
leakage.
• this flux is known as primary leakage flux and is proportional to the primary AT alone because the secondary turns does
not link the magnetic circuit. The flux is in time phase of . It induces an emf in primary but not in secondary.
• The primary impedance is given by:

• For secondary impedance:

• The resistance and leakage reactance of each winding is responsible for some voltage drop in each winding for primary

Lesson 2 Page 2
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