Thermodynamics and heat

transfer

Prof. Ing. Karel Fraňa, Ph.D.

Technical University of Liberec

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Czech Republic
 Prof. Karel Fraňa
Thermodynamics and heat transfer

Isochoric process

constant

Change of the saturated mixture quality

h
cr cr
cr
 Prof. Karel Fraňa
Thermodynamics and heat transfer

Absolute work and technical work

𝑤=0 𝑤𝑡 =

Heat:

h
cr cr
cr
 Prof. Karel Fraňa
Thermodynamics and heat transfer

Isobaric process
𝑝 = 𝑝1 = 𝑝2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡.
Absolute work and technical work
𝑤𝑡 = 0 𝑤 𝑤

Heat:
𝑞 = ℎ𝑥2 − ℎ𝑥1 = 𝑙 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 = 𝑠 ′′ − 𝑠 ′ 𝑇(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 ) 𝑞 = ℎ2 − ℎ1 = 𝑐𝑝𝑝 𝑇2 − 𝑇1
h
cr cr
cr

𝑤 𝑤
 Prof. Karel Fraňa
Thermodynamics and heat transfer

Isothermal process

constant
Absolute work and technical work
𝑤𝑡 = 𝑞 − (ℎ2 − ℎ1 ) 𝑤

Heat:

cr cr
cr

𝑤
 Prof. Karel Fraňa
Thermodynamics and heat transfer

Isentropic process
𝑠 = 𝑠1 = 𝑠2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

Absolute work and technical work

𝑤 𝑤 𝑤𝑡 = ℎ𝑥1 − ℎ𝑥2 𝑤𝑡 = ℎ1 − ℎ2

Heat:

h
cr cr
cr

𝑤 𝑤
Prof. Karel Fraňa
Thermodynamics and heat transfer

Coal Power Plant

Prof. Karel Fraňa
Thermodynamics and heat transfer

heating
Prof. Karel Fraňa
Thermodynamics and heat transfer

𝑊𝑖𝑛

𝑊𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡,𝑜𝑢𝑡
 Prof. Karel Fraňa
Thermodynamics and heat transfer

Thermal efficiency of a work-producing cycle:

The rate at which useful work is produced is the difference between the output
shaft power of the turbine and the input shaft power of the pump:

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡,𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑊𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒,𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑊𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝,𝑖𝑛

The Rankine cycle efficiency:

𝑊𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒,𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑊𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝,𝑖𝑛
𝜃𝑡ℎ,𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒 =
𝑄𝑖𝑛
 Prof. Karel Fraňa
Thermodynamics and heat transfer

where Qin is energy supplied to the cycle in the steam generator involving only
enthalpies:

𝑊𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒,𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑚 ℎ3 − ℎ4 , 𝑊𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝,𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚 ℎ2 − ℎ1 , 𝑄𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚 ℎ3 − ℎ2

The Rankine cycle efficiency involving enthalpies:

ℎ4 − ℎ3 𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝜃𝑡ℎ,𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒 =1− =1−
ℎ2 − ℎ1 𝑄𝑖𝑛
Prof. Karel Fraňa
Thermodynamics and heat transfer