BASIC CONCEPT OF

DISASTER
and DISATER RISK

JAYPEE T. ORANE
SHS Teacher
 NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE THE PHILIPPINES’
COMMUNITIES AT RISK

EARTHQUAKES
GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE
TYPHOONS

FLOODS
ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES
HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR
LANDSLIDES
COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

THE PHILIPPINES
DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION (DRRR) Lecture Notes/MTC/7/17-19/17/DepEd Training /Tacloban City

Why Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction?

Geographic location – Pacific Rim of Fire
(“supermarket” of natural hazards = disaster prone)
Mitigate impacts of hazards on our lives, community
and society.
Prevent disasters from occurring.
DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION (DRRR) Lecture Notes/MTC/7/17-19/17/DepEd Training /Tacloban City

Definition of Terms:
Hazard – a dangerous phenomena, substance, human
activity, or condition that may cause loss of life, injury
or other health impacts, property damage, loss of
livelihoods and services, social and economic
disruption or environmental damage.
A. Natural Hazard - Naturally occurring physical phenomenon
caused either by rapid or slow onset events.

* Geological Hazard – natural hazards caused by geological

processes.
DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION (DRRR) Lecture Notes/MTC/7/17-19/17/DepEd Training /Tacloban City

Definition of Terms:
Disaster – a serious disruption of the functioning of a
community or a society involving widespread human,
material, economic, or environmental losses and
impacts which exceeds the ability of the affected
community or society to cope using its own resources.

Vulnerability – refers to the diminished capacity of an

individual or group to anticipate, cope with, resist and
recover from the impact of a natural or man-made
hazard.
DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION (DRRR) Lecture Notes/MTC/7/17-19/17/DepEd Training /Tacloban City

Definition of Terms:
Classification of
Disasters
ELEMENTS OF DISASTER
RISK
HAZARD EXPOSURE

VULNERABILITY
HAZARD – Includes different events
such as natural or manmade.
EXPOSURE – People,property and
etc.
VULNERABILITY – Resistance
against natural hazards
As the disaster risk model implies, the
magnitude of the disaster depends on :
1. THE SEVERITY OF THE NATURAL
EVENT
2. THE QUANTITY OF EXPOSURE OF
THE ELEMENTS AT RISK WHICH
INCLUDES LIVES AND PROPERTIES.
3. VULNERABILITY LEVEL OR QUALITY OF
EXPOSURE.

THE MODEL CAN THUS BE EXPRESSED AS :

DISASTER RISK = HAZARD X EXPOSURE X

VULNERABILITY
According to this formula, if there is
no hazard, then the risk is null ( the
same if population or vulnerability
is null.)
 CHARACTERISTICS OF DISASTER

The following also characterize disasters:

► Knows no boundary
► Requires restructured and new responding organization
► Creates new tasks and require more people as disaster
responders.
► Renders inutile routine emergency response
equipment and facilities
► Worsens confusion in understanding roles of
peoples and organizations
► Exposes lack of disaster planning, response and
coordination. Inexperienced disaster
organizations often fail to see their proper roles.
 IMPACTS OF DISASTER
1. MEDICAL EFFECTS – The medical
effects of disaster include traumatic
injuries, emotional stress, epidemic
diseases, and indigenous diseases.
2. DAMAGE TO CRITICAL PROPERTIES
Widespread disaster can destroy or
damage facilities that may be critical
not only in maintaining a safe
environment and public order, but also
in responding to the disaster.
3. DISRUPTION OF TRANSPORTATION
During the initial stages of a disaster, almost
all surface means of transportation within a
community are disrupted by broken bridges
and roads and streets that are rendered
impassable by landslides or floods.
4. ECONOMIC IMPACT
As a result of the destruction and damage to
critical facilities, especially to transportation and
communication facilities, disaster disrupt
economies as normal business operations and
other economic activities are curtailed.
5. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
There is increasing evidence of global
climatic change brought about by both
human activity and disaster.
 6. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL IMPACT
As a large segment of the population in
developing countries consists the poor, who are
the most vulnerable whenever a disaster strikes,
these countries are the most affected.
 EXPOSURE AND VULNERABILITY

Elements at Risk and Exposure

Elements at risk are the people, properties, economic
activities, and private and public service potentially
threatened by a harmful event.
PhExp = Hazard x Exposure
 TRIAGRAM OF DISASTER RISK

VU
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

TY
RD

LN
TSUNAMI ECONOMIC
TYPHOON ZA

E
SOCIAL

RA
LANDSLIDES
HA

RIS

BI
VOLACANOES

LI
K
EXPOSUR PEOPLE, BUILDINGS
BUSINESS,
Where :
PhExp = physical exposure for the affected area
Hazard = probability of occurrence of an event
at a given magnitude.
Exposure = total population living in the
affected area for each event.
Various elements that
may be exposed to
Hazards.
1. SOCIAL – It covers a wide range of
concerns ( including migration, social
groups, health and well being,
education, culture, institutions , and
governance aspects.)
But demography is the most important
aspect.
2. ENVIRONMENTAL – The physical
aspects of exposure and vulnerability
refer to location and built structures.
 LIST OF THE PHYSICAL ELEMENTS
EXPOSED TO VARIOUS HAZARDS:
1. ESSENTIAL FACILITIES
2. INDUSTRIAL AND HIGH POTENTIAL LOSS
FACILITIES CONTAINING HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS
3. TRANSPORTATION LIFELINES
4. UTILITY LIFELINES
ESSENTIAL FACILITIES
 INDUSTRIAL AND HIGH POTENTIAL LOSS
FACILITIES CONTAINING HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS
•DAM AND PONDS
•FUEL RESERVOIR, PIPELINES, AND PUMPS
•POWER (ELECTRIC) GENERATING PLANTS AND
LINES
•MULTI – PURPOSE HYDROPOWER
PLANTS,WATER TANKS AND LINES
• FOOD PROCESSING FACILITIES
 TRANSPORTATION LIFELINES

► HIGHWAYS,BRIDGES, RAILWAYS
TRACKS, AND TUNNELS
► BUS FACILITIES
► PORT AND HARBOR FACILITIES
► AIRPORT FACILITIES AND RUNWAYS
 UTILITY LIFELINES
► POTABLE WATER FACILITIES,WASTE WATER FACILITIES,
PIPELINES, AND DISTRIBUTION LINES
► OIL AND NATURAL GAS SYSTEM FACILITIES.PIPELINES
AND DISTRIBUTION LINES
► ELECTRIC POWER FACILITIES AND DISTRIBUTION LINES
► COMMUNICATION FACILITIES (STATIONS) AND
DISTRIBUTION LINES (CABLE AND NETWORKS)
3. ECONOMIC – Among the economic effects of
a hazard event include business interruptions due
to accessibility problems, loss of jobs and access to
work, and loss of government income due to
inability of businesses and people to pay taxes at a
time when more funds are needed for relief and
rehabilitation.
END OF LESSON.