Liquid Crystals Liquid crystals ane h e substances hat

exkibit a phaae ofmateu hat has propeties bebween

hose of a Conventional Mqwd and hose of a solid
Crystal( I is a staBe ot matte hat Combinea a kind
oF Lona range Orden whhe ability to form droplets
and to pou, abil1ty to form mono cys tal s
to0 whhe
applicabions of
of a 0normal magnetic br eleehric ield
an optical
optial ativity o t a mayitude wwhour parallel
in eithex solids 'ór liquids temp senstivity.
The +ollowing
ollowing paametes desenbe he uquid cryatallne
Stebvre
) Positional ordex vetens to he extent to which an
aveHaR molecule S p P ot molecules show translational
Symety C Ab Ab
I) Onentational Ordey reprsents a measune of he
tendency. o h e molecules to align along he oreetor
on a long range basis SP d c 0p Ab

The molecules in uc's tend to emain oviented in

Pauticuwan duection The divection ot
n a ue's is called dinector.
prefuuLd orientation
An 1988 Awbian Boltanical phusiobgist Friedrich
Relnitxeu irst fopnd in Caunots
Cholesbyl Benzoate (CHgCoogH4s
4ScTHSC B 118
S Lcs
Melhoxybenxili dine Buty analine (MBBA)
CyH N=cn(oocH3 MeAogen. i qiduty
Plexi ble fludity
cholesteuol, Cellwlose, Suutactants ipids, anarfines
Strutwe of uiqwd. Crystal forming Copounds
i) Long naow elongated mole.cules having sutieient
mplecnla intenations, Sugh as dipole-- dipole dipole
Induced dpole dispexsions huydrogen bonding
 R, alkyl- CaHant
R-OA(o. R, akony- OCnHn+I
X CH=N- N-N-
auy o-tCnHn+|
-CH= N
SchifP OC
diazo nA trone
Presence ot unsatmation Can torm mesophase
estos

Absence of RO-O
bulky anchional
Bulky Gap desboy 9rp. :
mesomoYphic Capablities
Presence ot Cauboxylic end ahe end of chain
hudnogen bonding
can induue mes0 morphic bekaviovv
Phase iagram ot LCs esomxura

R triple point
s L
PA P
V

V
ClassiHcation ot Liqwd Crystals
cryBtals" Iheumotropic Jiqud cystals
heHnotropic uqu d at tepexatvc
h e adiwtment ot tnpeatr
OHe established solelu b Theyshow normalflouw
?(Neuutoniant low)
moleules inhe hemabic
Nemaic Stuctvre he
Paralle Or
ncanly Panallel
Shucore maintain a
ong m nolecnla
oleclan

eash to Ohe along, h e long

Oongmen a n d Can
in me diretions and
can
mobile
axisSlhey a e suctur s one dimen-
one dimen-
rotate abbu o n e axisIhis
uke tunbid
gHe e a d
sional hey molecules flow 0
and less anisotopic.he O
Centen ot mass posit ions 0
uke duqud Aheiv
disti buted as in a diquid
aueTandemly
an extennal
but Can easiy alugned b has optical propentes
or eleckic tield which LCDs
mag0netic
uniaxial Cy&tal
makethem ueful on
of
at No Positional Order. Pt MPH
aisole I16 135
e P -Azøxy 164 6
P- Azo8y Phenekole 137
 chaxactoistte color effeck.in Polaise
Show igkt
Cholesteu.
benzoate
 Named due to dexi vatives ot
Chelestic liquid Crystal
estisegees eaw
Cdeivative at
CholesteHol salP-ami no cinna mate
ekd ani chbleshol )
Ihe chelestenic Ccki ral nemaBtu ) liquud crystal is ty pically
The
aa
Compos ed of nematic mesogenic mole Cules Contauring
inteumolecula force hat
hat
Chiral Centre, which proddces
between molecules a a slight angle
alignment
is tormed which can bee
tavow
ahosheH A structwme
to
to One
of veyhin Ctwo- dimensional)
nematic
Seen as a stack dayen twisted
he Wector in eaeh layen
ike dayeus wih a below. Hole cule
to hose above
wih rsfect
Pitch Defined as the distance -Sheeks
rotate
director to
ittakes for hein he helix.
(360
One full tuan vange
ViSible
oo186 n m
-
Aotakion of 36o
= Pitth

colovY
hey show shrong
2 Pitchdistance of
ight . anorlase he ten
effeets in
In polanized of h e chiral
molecules dèscreaseshe pitch dengh to tonm
he
he
heu mo -metel used
nematic lCs. used in LC to tenp to temp Change.
o responses
wide vaiety
wh non anoate C78-4oc
Sensors eq.Cholesteyl
newtonianBlouw) s normal luid
e t (Non dlontp tlow >oap
Deüved fom Grcek word
SenecticCs
tound at he bottom ot a
Substance often
slippey S LCs
SPP
dish is actually a
type otOrientational orde
Soap small ameunt ot
AA Positional Orde
Orden iS IS
Some as
to alugn thenselvas
ves
weu
üke nematics
a s
nematics )>tend alugn heniel
in
Presen a b s e n sictcd.
i c t c d . "wih
'widh in
also planesMevement
is
iS s
Indayens Or Smettic LCs A to G
a n e preie

he Blane Diffenen
ane more Commen .
bu S A S C
zoate
A ehyl PC P-pheny benzalamino) ben
C121-13)
n ocyloxy benzoic audtio8 -14i¢)
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mect1c
Smectic
A C
ethyl anisal P- aino Cinnamate
Smectic C
18 Nematic
Solid Cystal 23 Smectic A
3
diqud
Lyovopic mesophases
occw

Lyotropic uiquid Cryatals

mole cules in
an
an
solutions ofTod ike
in
In
ConCentrated
stability oft heae
of hee
colvent Cusually waeu) The Con cenhfation
isotopic is as readiy infuened by
m e o phase s
Sodium lawrate in
of Solute as by tenp egels & Colloids A Compound
Lwate hese m a be soap
2 hydropho bic
which has two 0 immisible ydrophilic
he Same mele d e is Calle an
Pauts wlth in to
meleule aliffenent phases acuording
anphiphillic
Concentratton ate They torm micue ondy
Cubic Phase beyend a pauticulax
Disconti nuous
calle
Conc? ot solu
Hexaqonal uhen
CHC. beyord CHC
Discontinueus Sueh solu heated. or Cooled,
he SiTe otmicelle incrtaies
L a mellaH
eventually Cellapses Sepatate
Reverse hexa98nal Ouut Os LCS

nvense Cubic Sod. Steanate

e -Leeihin

Applications of qud Crystals. wiha

cell design , begins
The liquid CysBal betweern
Displays at a r o o m b e m p ? LCs S a n d w i t c h efield.
d
is
is applied
Juin film field appliea
eleetrodes 4 f no elechic field
two trans paHentt
hea
addition of eleebic
dhe cel is bans panent An apague tuistcd nemati
Cell become (8)
 0ff
L
qht yadhen
Tadhee han
~han
on he priniple of blockinq ight
work
emitting it

usedin
used in LCDs Panel, Calalalors, Signal displays.
muxtwic
A cholestic substance or a
2
2 IheHmometens
Color
o Choles tic Substances alusas exhibits he same

Same tenp. The Prtcise Color is vey sensitive to

a
Changes in he ambient temp'"
Chalestrc LCs aHe

3 RadiaBion and presswie Sensors

used
Keseanch work Used in analyses ot specta.
Han
inteations
Chenical skift, magnetic dipole- dipole
CNematc aue sed)
Ohe Applications elecbonic slides, computen auded
5
drawing CCAD) in Colovr elechronic Imagin9
Les aue wed.
n Soap cleaning aetion
Soap hopic
i c e l l e tormatton 0, dowering e he
6 Swface tension
tensi0n

2 mateual to entc )|
he wate allewing more

drug to keep i trom

LCs Can Coat a
1. Lyobopic in h e digestive" bact
beino destoyed
been ued to make stable hydrocanbon
hae rduces Swtace tensionoY
toam. CLCs
Systems exhibit he popexuties
Many biological ot tobace - nosaic
Solutions
Liquid CrystalE. anemia
of ot
Sickle
sickle ce
c el
hemeglebin
Collagen
Collagen,
Virus) r s e m b l a n c e s t o LCs
Virus
Shou
Shew

TepenaBwre sensous

ThemoqTaph Diagmesis