M - Olmi Fon D - Iqi) M - Olmi Fon D - Iqi)

_LAFIF OF_MIVAUI EA]MIN

EA]MIN
„M_OLMI FON D_IQI]‗
MHHS. 93 FO IDH]VH * VIZAEI * ]IGJHZHLFÝL
SZHQOMVH FO DZIFH
VOGI;
UAFI MHVAFAILI Q FOGHMZIMA
FOGHMZIMAII
O]V_FAILVO;
KH]Á GIL_ON IZZOIDI KAGÁLO[
M_Z]H;
=OZH JIM@ANNOZIVH ALVOL]AUH
MHHZFALIFHZ;
NMFI. GÝLAMI DIZMÇI
IÙH NOMVAUH
:391 - :3:3

ALVZHF_MMAÝL
On prosolto trijikh fo alvostadimaýl fosmrajo ni vafi mhtafaili y ni foghmrimai.

Ni osmisi mhnijhrimaýl fo ni eiganai ol ni ehrgimaýl fo nhs vinhros piri uli
maufifilçi foghmrétami so roenoki ol on osmish ospçratu mçvamh y pitraýtamh fo nhs

ostufailtos2 ifogés ol tirois almugpnafis, alisastolmai i mnisos y phmi
pirtamapimaýl. Osth prohmupi in fhmolto
fhmolto phrquo lh so osté nhdrilfh on hjkotav
hjkotavhh mhl
uli ofumimaýl altodrin fo minafif. Imtuingolto on moltrh ofumitavh lh muolti mhl
ul pnil fo tinnoros piri ni ehrgimaýl fo uli maufifilçi foghmrétami, taphs fo
foghmrimai, mhgphloltos, ni ronimaýl mhl nhs forom`hs ùgilhs y su iphrto ol on
fosirrhnnh altodrin, jisifh ol ni okomumaýl fo falégamis y vafohs fo mirémtor
shmain, munturin, phnçtamh y ofumitavh foltrh fon pnilh fo vafi fon Ostifh
omuithrailh. On prhpýsath fon trijikh alvostaditavh os diriltazir uli ofumimaýl
altodrin i pirtar fo ni prixas fo nhs vinhros mçvamhs y pitraýtamhs, mhl ni

mhnijhrimaýl fo nhs pifros y giostrhs ol isulths osmhniros y ofumitavhs piri quo
so nhdro on gokhrigaolth fo ni minafif fo iprolfaziko fo laùhs y laùis. On trijikh
alvostaditavh osté jisifh ol on pirifadgi muina-muiltatitavh puosth quo jusmi ni
mhgprolsaýl fon eolýgolh fo pirtamapimaýl y ostijnomo uli gofafi fo imoptimaýl,
eulfigoltifi ol uli mhlmopmaýl fo roinafif falégami. Siri olmigalir on
prhyomth so ipnamirhl taphs fo alvostadimaýl jisifhs ol ul ostufah fosmraptavh-
oxpnhrithrah y fo migph gofailto ni hjsorvimaýl fo nis imtavafifos mçvamh-
shmainos. Ifogés so eulfigoltý foltrh fon girmh nodin ol nh quo ostapuni ni
Mhlstatumaýl fo ni Zopûjnami, ni Noy Hrdélami fo Ofumimaýl Altormunturin, NHOA,

y on Mýfadh fo ni
n i Laùoz y Ifhnosmolmai quo shl noyos quo diriltazil nhs forom`
forom`hs
hs
fo gilori oquatitavi i osto druph vunlorijno fo ni phjnimaýl omuithraili.
Oltro nis prémtamis osmhniros mhl giyhr trifamaýl ol ni ehrgimaýl jésami, ostél nhs
imths fo pirtamapimaýl ol foghmrimai, sal ogjirdh su agphrtilmai mhgh immaýl
pofidýdami
pofidýdami quo phsajana
phsajanati
ti ehrgir ol maufifilçi lh lomosiraigolto osté mhlmojafh
ol su roin fagolsaýl phr nhs fhmoltos, ifogés shl imtavafifos quo ostél
porfaolfh vadolmai,
vadolmai, fo i`ç quo nhs ostuf
ostufailtos
ailtos y prheoshros romhlhmol ni lomosafif
fo rosmitirnhs piri mhlvortarnhs ol ospimahs quo faligamol ni pirtamapimaýl y on

ehrtinomagaolth fo ni munturi fo ni foghmrimai. Isç gasgh, phr trifamaýl, ni

farommaýl y hrdilazimaýl fo osti tiroi ì safh olmhgolfifi i nhs fhmoltos fon

éroi fo maolmais shmainos, vasaýl quo guostri ni mhlmopmaýl fo ni ehrgimaýl
maufifili nadifi i ni fagolsaýl shmain fon murrçmunh, fosmhlhmaolfh quo os uli
tiroi quo so mugpno fosfo thfis nis érois y fosfo on mhlsolsh fo thfhs nhs
prhtidhlastis fon prhmosh
prhmosh fo ehrgimaýl os
osmhnir.
mhnir.
Fosfo sus alamahs sarvaorhl mhgh ostritodai piri ofumir y prhghvor ul afoin fo
maufifilçi fo mhrto trifamahlin, nagatifh in mhlhmagaolth fo rodnis ehrginos fo ni
foghmrimai, on rospoth phr nis trifamahlos ropujnamilis fo pitrahtasgh, on okormamah
fon vhth y ni imoptimaýl, sal mrçtami induli, fo alstatumahlos ilmostrinos mhgh ni
adnosai mitýnami y on hrfol phnçtamh ostijnomafh. Mhl on ivilmo fo nhs gofahs fo
mhgulamimaýl y ni mroimaýl fo ospimahs piri ni pirtamapimaýl maufifili, nhs imths
mçvamhs so ìl nagatifh i ni ropotamaýl fo ratuinos quo, ni giyhrçi fo nis vomos,
miromol fo soltafh piri nhs ostufailtos y mhlstatuyo uli mirdi ol nis imtavafifos
imifágamis fo nhs fhmoltos y faromtavhs. Os phr onnh quo so thrli agphrtilto
romhlhmor nhs soltafhs y sadlaeamifhs hthrdifhs i famì prémtami phr pirto fo sus
prhtidhlastis, mhl garis i afoltaeamir luovis ehrgis fo isugarnhs ol ni dostaýl
imifágami.
Ostrumturifi ol mipçtunhs; on pragorh nh mhlstatuyo On Vogi, ol on muin so pniltoi

ni prhjnogétami, ni kustaeamimaýl, so ostijnomol nhs migjahs osporifhs y nhs
hjkotavhs. On sodulfh mipçtunh so roeaoro in Girmh Voýramh fo ni Alvostadimaýl, ol
án so fotorgalil nis eulfigoltimahlos eanhsýeamis, psamhnýdamis, pofidýdamis y
nodinos2 ol osto mipçtunh tigjaál so olmuoltril nis mitodhrçis eulfigoltinos, so

ostijnomo ni àpýtosas y nis viraijnos. Ol on tormor mipçtunh so olmuoltri on Girmh
Gothfhnýdamh, fhlfo osté mnirigolto ostijnomafi ni ghfinafif fo ni
alvostadimaýl, ni phjnimaýl y guostri, ni hporimahlinazimaýl fo nis viraijnos, nis
támlamis o alstrugolths, on ilénasas o altorprotimaýl fo rosuntifhs, ni voraeamimaýl
fo ni àpýtosas y ealingolto nis mhlmnusahlos y romhgolfimahlos. On muirth
mipçtunh os Ni Srhpuosti, mhgpuosti phr fiths alehrgitavhs, nhs iltomofoltos, ni
kustaeamimaýl, nhs hjkotavhs y on pnil fo ovinuimaýl. On qualth y ûntagh mipçtunh
ijirmi on Girmh Ifgalastritavh, fhlfo so ostijnomol nhs romurshs, on prosupuosth
y on mrhlhdrigi fo imtavafifos.
imt avafifos.

On mugpnagaolth fo nhs hjkotavhs prhpuosths ol on trijikh alvostaditavh, porgato

inmilzir ul moltrh ofumitavh mhl pifros, ostufailtos y fhmoltos thtingolto
mhgprhgotafhs, mhrrosphlsijnos fon prhdrosh alstatumahlin ol thfhs sus soltafhs.
Shr tilth piri su fosirrhnnh so mhltý mhl ni iprhjimaýl fo nis iuthrafifos fon
pnilton y on porshlin fhmolto, quaolos foghstrirhl su mhgpnimolmai phr osto
trijikh y ul dril altorás ol nnovir porgiloltogolto i ni prémtami thfis nis
imtavafifos prhpuostis. Fo aduin ehrgi nhs pifros fo eiganai mhltrajuyol mhl su
rospinfh, nh quo porgataý ul igjaolto prhpamah piri roinazir ni alvostadimaýl.
a lvostadimaýl.

MISAV_NH A
ILVOMOFOLVO]
HZADOL F ON SZHJNOGI
9.9 VOGI
„ALMAFOLMAI FON OKO VZIL]UOZ]IN NI EHZGIMAÝL FO _LI UAFI

MHVAFAILI FOGHMZÉVAMI OL ON FO]IZZHNNH ALVODZIN FO NH]
O]V_FAILVO], FO NI _LAFIF OF_MIVAUI M_OLMI FON D_IQI],
SIZZHY_AI VIZAEI, SZHUALMAI FO D_IQI], SOZÇHFH NOMVAUH
:391 ”
:391 ” :3:3‗.
:3:3‗.
FOEALAMAÝL FON O]V_FAH FO MI]H
9.: SNILVOIGAOL
SNILVOIGAOLVH
VH FON SZHJNOGI
9.:.9 _jamimaýl y mhltoxtuinazimaýl fo ni prhjnogétami
On prosolto trijikh alvostaditavh so roinazý ol ni _lafif

_la fif Ofumitavi „Muolmi Fon
Duiyis‗, muyis alstinimahlos ostél ujamifis ol ni Sirrhquai Viraei fon Miltýl
]igjhrhlfýl, os uli Alstatumaýl quo muolti mhl ni mhleailzi fo ni
n i mhgulafif phr
su triyomthrai fo :3 iùhs ofumilfh i nis laùis, laùhs y ifhnosmoltos fo ni
mhgulafif.
Fosfo ìmo malmh iùhs iprhxagifigolt

iprhxagifigoltoo so ì prosoltifh alstatumahlingolto uli
fosostagimaýl i nhs pralmapahs fon Mýfadh fo ni Foghmrimai ol uli guntatuf fo
ifhnosmoltos y kývolos ofumilfhs, phrquo lh olmigalil sus immahlos mhl
trilspirolmai, erolto i ni mhrraolto fo mhlfumtis oxtorlis quo itoltil mhltri ni
ghrin y nis juolis mhstugjros, jusmilfh roeudahs suporenuhs quo nhs nnovil ìmai
ul vimçh oxastolmain, i ni einti fo uli mhlmaolmai vorfifori erolto i ni roinafif
imtuin, tomlhnýdamigolto gilokifi phr ni sagpno trilseorolmai fo ni alehrgimaýl2
a lehrgimaýl2

os fomar, uli ofumimaýl maoltçeami, proeoroltogolto alehrgitavi quo lhs mhlfukh i

ul prhdrosh maoltçeamh, mhl fosmujragaolths mhgh ni mnhlimaýl, mhl su mipimafif
fo guntapnamir nhs ilaginos2 ni altorlot, quo os uli suporiuthpasti fo ni
alehrgimaýl y mhgulamimaýl mhl muinquaor pirto fon gulfh ol sodulfhs2 ni

altorprotimaýl fon mýfadh dolátamh, oltro htrhs ivilmos maoltçeamhs lh golhs
ronoviltos, porh quo fosmuafý on ispomth fo ni ehrgimaýl ùgili.
9.:.: Ilénasas mrçtamh
Ol itolmaýl i ni prhjnogétami pniltoifi os jésamh y eulfigoltin fosportir on

altorás y on dusth phr foghstrir ni ehrgimaýl maufifili, folhtilfh vinhros ol nhs
ostufailtos, fo tin ehrgi quo so nhdro quo on jalhgah „Mhlhmagaolths ol on iuni -
vafi mhtafaili‗ so fosirrhnno irgýlamigolto. ]al ogjirdh, ni lomosafif fo
ropniltoir nhs okos togétamhs fo ni isadlituri fo Ofumimaýl Mçvami ol ni imtuin
shmaofif ofumitavi, rosunti sor, fosfo on pulth fo vasti fon ofumilfh, suporenuhs2 y
piri on fhmolto ul dril fosieçh ol on soltafh fo prhghvor nhs okos trilsvorsinos,
t rilsvorsinos,
fojafh i ni dril alenuolmai fo ghfasghs altorlhs y oxtorlhs quo, fotomtifhs mhgh
igolizis y fojanafifos, arrugpol ol nis aldoluis mhlmaolmais fo nhs ofumilfhs,
mirimtorazilfh fo osti gilori uli shmaofif fo mhlenamths foltrh fo ni alstatumaýl
ofumitavi, ol voz fo ul hrdilasgh prémtamigolto shmaijno y fadli fo vinhrir.
Zizýl lomosirai os ox`hrtir i ni minafif fo nhs fhmoltos, i quo phr gofah fo ni

dostaýl ofumitavi, jisifi ol on pirifadgi fon mhlstrumtavasgh shmain, so
ehrtinozmil nis fagolsahlos osparatuinos y ùgilis fon fosirrhnnh porshlin y
psamhnýdamh fon ostufailto, ol ni quo so ostijnozmi on vorfiforh prhtidhlasgh
mhlmaolmaifhr fo nhs gasghs, foltrh fo ul pilhrigi hrdilazifh, piri quo nuodh
soi ul okogpnh fadlh fo uli ronovilmai fo luostri shjorilçi limahlin, ilto nis
imtuinos y euturis dolorimahlos.
On roth os mnirh,
mn irh, i nhs prheoshros so nos olmirdi uli tiroi ifamahlin y quazés ni gés
faeçman; alvatir i nhs ostufailtos i ni almosilto jûsquofi fo ni vorfif piri on jaol
mhgûl.

4
9.:.= Srhdlhsas
Shr nh oxpuosth, ni prhpuosti fo alstatuar on togi fo ni almafolmai fo nhs okos

trilsvorsinos ol ni ehrgimaýl altodrin fo nhs ostufailtos fo ni _lafif Ofumitavi
„Muolmi fon Duiyis‗, jusmi mhlv
mhlvortarso
ortarso ol uull iphyh oeomtavh piri roshnvor osths
almhlvolaoltos, quo vunloril ni eanhsheçi, gasaýl y vasaýl alstatumahlin2 y,
mirimtorazir iphrtos piri on fosirrhnnh fo ni shmaofif, gofailto ni trilsgasaýl y
ieailzigaolth fo ostritodais quo nhs ofumilfhs y ofumilfis roquaorol piri su
fosirrhnnh altodrin.
9.:.6 Ehrgunimaýl fon prhjnogi
Gofailto osti oxpnamimaýl, prhvaolo ni afoi fo mhlsaforir mhgh ul nhdrh on

rosuntifh fo ni saduaolto altorrhdilto; ¸Mýgh ni ehrgimaýl fo uli maufifilçi
foghmrétami, almafo ol on fosirrhnnh altodrin
al todrin fo ni _lafif Ofumitavi „Muolmi fon
Duiyis‗, fo ni pirrhquai Viraei, prhvalmai fo Duiyis, furilto on iùh nomtavh
::391 - :3:38.
9.= SZHJNOGI FO ALUO]VADIMAÝL
Ni foghmrimai os ul sastogi phnçtamh phr on quo on puojnh fo ul Ostifh okormo su

shjorilçi gofailto muinquaor ehrgi fo dhjaorlh, quo so ogpnoil imtuingolto
foltrh fo thfhs nhs prhmoshs fo ni shmaofif, almnusavo ol nhs fo olsoùilzi, phr nh
quo taolol uli dril agphrtilmai y trismolfolmai foltrh fon sastogi ofumitavh, yi
quo porgatol quo nhs laùhs, laùis y ifhnosmoltos puofil oxprosirso, onodar y sor
onodafhs piri ehgoltir uli shmaofif gés oquatitavi y ehrgir ol onnhs uli
ofumimaýl fo minafif ol thfhs nhs égjaths.
Ilto ni lomosafif fo nhdrir vorfiforhs migjahs ostrumturinos ol ni ofumimaýl

imtuin, ni alvostadimaýl quo so roinaziré, vi i porgatar firno ni agphrtilmai roin i
uli ehrgimaýl foghmrétami ol nhs ostufailtos foltrh fo ni Alstatumaýl quo

0
porgatil ehrtinomor sus mhlhmagaolths, imtatufos, iptatufos y mhgphrtigaolths

ronimahlifhs mhl on rospoth i nis lhrgis fo mhlvavolmai, porgataolfh uli
trilsehrgimaýl ol su gilori fo imtuir erolto i nhs sumoshs foghmrétamh-shmainos
quo so prosoltil ol luostri shmaofif.
9.6 K_]VAEAMIMAÝL
On pilhrigi fo osti prhjnogétami os til igpnah, ol ni quo mhl thtin sodurafif

soduaré fosolmifolilfh htris satuimahlos quo fosgokhrirél ni vorfifori
mhlvavolmai shmain foltrh fon pnilh ofumitavh y mhifyuviré i ul prhyomth fo vafi
ilimrýlamh ol ul fotorgalifh somthr fo ifhnosmoltos y kývolos quo vavol ol
luostri rodaýl polalsunir. Ol mhlsomuolmai, so pniltoi ni lomosafif alonufajno fo
rospotir y ìmor mugpnar nhs mhltolafhs fo ni Mhlstatumaýl Shnçtami fo ni
Zopûjnami, Noy Hrdélami fo Ofumimaýl Altormunturin y Mýfadh fo ni Laùoz y
Ifhnosmolmai, mhl ni gasaýl fo ehrtinomor nhs pralmapahs eulfigoltinos h okos
trilsvorsinos ol on fosirrhnnh altodrin fo nhs fasmoltos h ofumilfhs, porgataolfh
rothgir on soltafh fo nh quo sadlaeami on `hlhr y ni nointif ìmai ni Eiganai, ol ni
quo on ospomçeamh rhn fo nhs pifros os ni fo sor nhs vorfiforhs giostrhs
ehrgifhros, quo vavil nh quo olsoùil i nhs àkhs, puos ni gokhr gilori fo alstruar
os i pirtar fon okogpnh y, fo osti gilori heromor i ni mhnomtavafif ul drifuin
migjah fosfo on solh fo ni shmaofif.
Ovafoltogolto, ilto ni lomosafif fo rosmitir on rospoth i ni fadlafif fo ni
ùgilafif, quo phr miusis fo ghfasghs altorlhs y oxtorlhs ìl fojanatifh on
ospçratu fo ni átami y ni ghrin fo nhs ofumilfhs y maufifilçi fo ni prhvalmai fo
]ilti Onoli, so fojo prahrazir on ush fo romurshs mhl nis quo muolti on piçs, phr
okogpnh nhs gofahs fo mhgulamimaýl, y mhlhmagaolths allhvifhros piri prhtodor
ni vafi, mhl on eal fo ehgoltir on pnolh fosirrhnnh fo ul phtolmain ùgilh y ìmor
thgi fo mhlmaolmai fo nis lomosafifos, forom`hs y hphrtulafifos, diriltazifhs fo
gilori foghmrétami y shjorili foltrh fon girmh mhlstatumahlin fo kustamai y
najortif.

1
Shr mhlsaduaolto, on rhn fo nhs ofumilfhs fojo trismolfor i pirtar fon fosogpoùh
fo nis ostritodais, romurshs y ghfonhs fo vafi oeamaoltos2 on fosirrhnnh altodrin fon
ostufailto fojo pirtar fosfo on olehquo fo nhs okos trilsvorsinos quo diriltamol
uli luovi agidol fo shmainazimaýl o altorimmaýl oltro on sor ùgilh y sus
fagolsahlos osparatuinos y gitorainos2 y, quo i trivás fo ni mhhporimaýl sal
rostrammahlos, so valmuno ol su ehrgimaýl ni ipnamimaýl fo ul fosirrhnnh alamain fo
támlamis allhvifhris quo prhguovil égjaths muinatitavhs fo pirtamapimaýl
mirimtorazifhs foltrh fon prhmosh olsoùilzi-iprolfaziko, muyh mamnh taolo su
hradol fosfo ni oxporaolmai mhlmroti y, mhltalûi su somuolmai ol ni roenoxaýl y
mhlmoptuinazimaýl ijstrimti ìsti mhlsoduar su fosolnimo ol ni ipnamimaýl foltrh
fo su ehrgi fo trijikir, ospomçeamigolto gilaeostifhs ol ni vafi roin mhgh ul
luovh pirifadgi quo mhlvolzi i ni shmaofif ni lomosafif fo ehgoltir ul
lhvofhsh ostanh fo vafi mipiz fo oleroltir fosieçhs ìmai ul sastogi dnhjinazifhr
quo dolori imonorifhs migjahs.
Ostél foltrh fo ni igpnai digi fo joloeamairahs nhs ostufailtos, yi quo sorél

mhlsaforifhs mhgh oltos pnoligolto pirtamapitavhs ol ni thgi fo fomasahlos ol
pnilos, prhdrigis y prhyomths faradafhs ìmai nhs fasmoltos, yi quo so mhlsafori
quo luostrh piçs muolti mhl gofahs y mhlhmagaolths piri prhtodor ni vafi,
ehgoltir on pnolh fosirrhnnh fo su phtolmain ùgilh y ìmor uli thgi fo
mhlmaolmai fo sus lomosafifos, forom`hs y hphrtulafifos.
Olthlmos so tolfrçi ul prhmosh fo olsoùilzi-iprolfaziko ýptagh gofailto ni

ipnamimaýl fo ni foghmrimai ol on fosirrhnnh fo nis mnisos. Ostufailtos
foghmrétamhs, rospotuhshs fo nis hpalahlos ikolis, mhl ìjanafifos y mipimafifos
sueamaoltos, piri oltolfor i sus sogokiltos, gofailto on oeomtavh ogpnoh fo ni
foghmrimai.
Fhmoltos mhl juoli imoptimaýl phr pirto fo nhs ostufailtos foltrh fon prhmosh
ofumitavh ol nis iunis, in ogpnoir ni foghmrimai mhgh oko trilsvorsin.
Mnisos mhl giyhr áleisas ol on ogpnoh fo ni foghmrimai ehrtinomaolfh ni

pirtamapimaýl fo thfhs
thfhs nhs ostufail
ostufailtos.
tos.

93
Siri ni alvostadimaýl so muolti mhl nis òrrigaoltis, mhlhmagaolths, ìjanafifos y

oxporaolmais portaloltos in éroi fo Maolmais ]hmainos ol su rospomtavh pálsug
imifágamh folhgalifh Ofumimaýl Mçvami y, fo sus fastalths prhdrigis quo
porgatol onovir on soltagaolth fo átami y ghrin fo ni porshli. Ifogés piri
ehrtinomor nhs okos trilsvorsinos ol on fosirrhnnh altodrin fo nhs ofumilfhs, oxastol
nis tros fagolsahlos quo iyufirél i mhlshnafir ni mhlmaolmai ùgili2 ostis shl;
ulafif fo mijozi, vhnultif y mhrizýl. ]a uli fo nis tros einti, nis htris fhs so
rosaoltol y lh so nhdrirçi ni gasaýl.
Htris vçis agphrtiltos shl ni prhxagafif quo oxasto oltro fhmoltos, fasmoltos y
pifros fo eiganai, quaolos mhl sus tostaghlahs foguostril ni vorimafif fon mish i
alvostadirso y roshnvor, ifogés fo nis mhlsuntis jajnahdréeamis, romurshs ol dolorin
y isoshrigaolth támlamh ospomainazifh piri fosirrhnnir ásti alvostadimaýl.
Mhlvaolo romhlhmor ni oeamaolto imhdafi y rospinfh fon Sorshlin Ifgalastritavh y

on @hlhrijno Mhlsokh Okomutavh fo ni _lafif Ofumitavi „Muolmi fon Duiyis‗
ìmai osto prhyomth.
Ealingolto, on okormamah fhmolto porgato mroir fo ehrgi drifuin nhs romurshs

omhlýgamhs lomosirahs piri hjtolor nis òrrigaoltis promasis quo diriltazirél ni
ipnamimaýl fon prosolto trijikh ol jaolostir fo ni
n i mhgulafif ofumitavi y shmain.

99
9.? HJKOVAUH]
9.?.9 Hjkotavh Dolorin
Srhphlor on fasoùh fo ul Snil fo Mipimatimaýl ol Foghmrimai quo mhltrajuyi in

fosirrhnnh altodrin fo nhs ostufailtos fo ni _lafif Ofumitavi „Muolmi fon Duiyis‗
Duiyis‗
9.?.: Hjkotavhs Ospomçeamhs
 Faidlhstamir ni prhjnogétami imtuin roeorolto i nis prémtamis foghmrétamis ol

nhs ofumilfhs.
 Zomhpanir alehrgimaýl jajnahdréeami imormi fon agpimth fo nis prémtamis

foghmrétamis ol on fosirrhnnh altodrin fo nhs ostufailtos.
 Ilinazir nis faeoroltos prémtamis foghmrétamis quo gokhril on sastogi fo

mhlvavolmai
mhlvavolmai fo nhs ofumilfhs.
 Ostijnomor nis ostritodais afýlois quo diriltamol ni phsajno shnumaýl fo ni

prhjnogétami fotomtifi.
fotomtifi.
 Fasoùir ul pnil fo mipimatimaýl ol foghmrimai quo porgati ostijnomor uli

munturi fo piz.
 ]hmainazir y vinafir ni prhpuosti.

9:
MISÇV_NH AA
GIZMH VOÝZAMH
:.9 NI UAFI MHVAFAILI Q NI FOGHMZIMAI
Imtuingolto ol thfh on sastogi ofumitav

ofumitavhh so oxprosi ni agphrtilmai fo fosirrhnnir
imtatufos y iptatufos ol on ofumilfh i pirtar fo ni prixas fo nhs okos trilsvorsinos.
Siri onnh mijo olehmir quo; „Ni trilsvorsinafif so ì mhlvortafh ol ul
alstrugolth irtamunifhr quo porgato altorronimahlir, on somthr ofumitavh mhl ni
eiganai y ni shmaofif‗. Ifogés „]hl alstrugolths dnhjinaziltos fo mirémtor
altorfasmapnalirah quo romhrrol ni thtinafif fo ul murrçmunh y ol pirtamunir ni
thtinafif fo nis érois fon mhlhmagaolth, nis fasmapnalis y nhs togis mhl ni ealinafif
fo mroir mhlfamahlos eivhrijnos piri prhphrmahlir i nhs inuglhs uli giyhr
ehrgimaýl
ehrgi maýl ol ispomths shmainos, igjaoltinos h fo sinuf‗. Nh quo so prhpolfo os
roimtavir ni agphrtilmai fo okomutir ul sastogi fo vafi shmah-ieomtavh quo

alvhnumro i nhs imthros fon pnilh ofumitavh, tinos mhgh on mhnodah, ni eiganai y ni
shmaofif, piri mroir mhlfamahlos eivhrijnos quo mhltrajuyil in ostijnomagaolth fo
uli munturi fo ghrin foltrh fon imth fo altorronimahlirso mhl nhs osquogis
shmainos, igjaoltinos y fo sinuf2 sal laldûl osquogi fo agphsamahlos h
oxadolmais quo ropragil nhs soltagaolths fo luostrhs ofumilfhs y ofumilfis.
Ifogés, nhs okos trilsvorsinos so mhlstatuyol, ol eulfigolths piri ni prémtami

pofidýdami
pofidýdami in altodrir nhs migphs fon ssor,
or, on sijor, on ìmor y on mhlvavar i trivás
fo mhlmopths , prhmofagaolths , vinhros y imtatufos quo hraoltil ni olsoùilzi y on

iprolfaziko.
:.9.9 Okos trilsvorsinos y ofumimaýl
On somthr ofumitavh os on nnigifh i prhghvor migjahs sadlaeamitavhs ol on soltafh

fo mhlfumar ni ehrgimaýl fo alfavafuhs mipimos fo mhlvavar ol uli shmaofif
fhlfo so fosolvuonvil ol ehrgi thnorilto, shnafirai, `hlosti y kusti.9
On fosieçh os pitoltir foltrh fo ul girmh fo mhlvavolmai shmain, nhs vorfiforhs
osquogis fo migjah, quo mhltrajuyil in ehrtinomagaolth y i ni roinazimaýl fo ul

ghfonh fo vafi hraoltifh phr ni prixas fo nhs vinhros pralmapinos fo ni thnorilmai,

9=
shnafirafif, `hlostafif y kustamai, mhgh uli tiroi prheulfigolto ùgilazifhri.

]o triti fo quo on ostufailto isugi uli imtatuf mrçtami y mhlstrumtavi ol eivhr fon
fosirrhnnh fo nhs vinhros átamhs eulfigoltinos, h soi fo iquonnhs vinhros jésamhs
piri ni vafi y ni mhlvavolm
mhlvavolmai
ai quo eulfigoltil on sas
sastogi
togi foghmrétamh.
foghmrétamh.
:.9.: Ni trilsvorsinafif y ni ofumimaýl altodrin
Mhgh soùini Uamthr ai

ai MIGS] (911=, 99); „Ni ofumimaýl os lomosiraigolto
lhrgitavi. ]u eulmaýl lh os sýnh alstruar h trilsgatar ulhs mhlhmagaolths, salh
altodrir ol uli munturi quo taolo fastaltis fagolsahlos; uli noldui, ulis
trifamahlos, ulis mroolmais, ulis imtatufos, ulis ehrgis fo vafi. Vhfh nh muin lh
puofo la fojo trilsmurrar in girdol fo ni fagolsaýl átami quo os, sal fufi, on
ghgolth ûntagh y gés agphrtilto, lh fo ásti h iquonni munturi, salh fo ni munturi
ùgili ulavorsin. Ofumir os, isç, ehrgir on mirémtor, ol on soltafh gés oxtolsh y
thtin fo tárgalh; ehrgir on mirémtor piri quo so mugpni ul prhmosh fo

shmainazimaýl agprosmalfajno, y ehrgirnh piri prhghvor ul gulfh gés mavanazifh,
mrçtamh mhl nhs foeomths fon prosolto y mhgprhgotafh mhl on prhmosh ghrin fo nis
ostrumturis y imtatufos shmainos‗
shmainos‗
E_LFIGOLVIMAÝL
E_LFIGOLVIMAÝL V
VOÝZAMI
OÝZAMI
:.9.= Foghmrimai
Os uli ehrgi fo hrdilazimaýl fo druphs fo porshlis, muyi mirimtorçstami

profhgalilto os quo ni tatunirafif fon phfor rosafo ol ni thtinafif fo sus
gaogjrhs, ìmaolfh quo ni thgi fo fomasahlos rosphlfi i ni vhnultif mhnomtavi fo
nhs gaogjrhs fon druph. Ol soltafh ostramth ni foghmrimai os uli ehrgi fo
hrdilazimaýl fon Ostifh, ol ni muin nis fomasahlos mhnomtavis shl ifhptifis phr on
puojnh gofailto gomilasghs
gomilasghs fo pirtamapimaýl
pirtamapimaýl faromti h alfaromti quo nos mhleaorol
nodatagafif i nhs roprosoltiltos.
roprosoltiltos.

96
Ol soltafh igpnah, foghmrimai os uli ehrgi fo mhlvavolmai shmain ol ni quo nhs

gaogjrhs shl najros o aduinos y nis ronimahlos shmainos so ostijnomol fo imuorfh i
gomilasghs mhltrimtuinos.
Ni foghmrimai so foealo tigjaál i pirtar fo ni mnésami mnisaeamimaýl fo nis ehrgis
fo dhjaorlh roinazifi phr Snitýl, pragorh, y Irastýtonos, fospuás, ol tros taphs

jésamhs; ghlirquçi (dhjaorlh fo ulh), irasthmrimai (dhjaorlh «fo nhs gokhros²
piri Snitýl, «fo nhs golhs², piri Irastýtonos), foghmrimai (dhjaorlh «fo ni
guntatuf² piri Snitýl y «fo nhs gés², piri Irastýtonos).
:.9.6 Hradol y otaghnhdçi
On tárgalh foghmrimai prhvaolo fon iltaduh draodh (ζδ¿θλωιφΨι) y euo imuùifh

ol Itolis ol on sadnh U i. M. i pirtar fo
f o nhs vhmijnhs ζ῅¿θϊ (fḔghs, quo pu
puoofo
trifumarso mhgh «puojnh²) y λωήφθϊ (bréths, quo puofo trifumarso mhgh «phfor²).
mhgh «phfor²).
]al ogjirdh ni sadlaeamimaýl otaghnýdami fon tárgalh os gum`h gés mhgpnoki. On

tárgalh «foghs² piromo ìjor safh ul lohnhdasgh foravifh fo ni eusaýl fo nis
pinijris fogaurdhs
fogaurdhs (fogaurda) y dohghrhs
dohghrhs (dohghra).
On àsthraifhr Snutirmh soùiniji quo nhs dohghrhs y fogaurdhs, oril kulth i nhs
oupétrafis, nis tros mnisos ol nis quo Vosoh favafaý i ni phjnimaýl najro fon Étami
(ifamahlingolto ni phjnimaýl ostiji altodrifi tigjaál phr nhs gotomhs,
g otomhs, osmnivhs y
nis gukoros). Nhs oupétrafis oril nhs lhjnos2 nhs fogaurdhs oril nhs irtosilhs2 y
nhs dohghrhs oril nhs migposalhs. Osths fhs ûntaghs druphs, «ol mromaolto
hphsamaýl i ni lhjnozi, ehrgirhl on foghs².4
Voxtuingolto olthlmos, «foghmrimai² sadlaeami «dhjaorlh fo nhs irtosilhs y
migposalhs²,, oxmnuyolfh fon gasgh oxprosigolto i nhs osmnivhs y i nhs lhjnos.
migposalhs²
:.9.? Mirimtorçstamis fo uli foghmrimai
 Najortif Alfavafuin
 mrofh.
Aduinfif ilto ni noy sal fastalmaýl fo soxh, rizi y mrofh.
 Forom`h fo vhth
 Ofumimaýl

Forom`h in najro okormamah fo muinquaor trijikh h prheosaýl

9?
Os promash muntavir ni nnigifi "Mhlmaolmai Shnçtami" ol thfhs nhs maufifilhs, lh

shnh ol fçis fo onommaýl, la áphmi fo migpiùi onomthrin. I gofafi quo nis
porshlis ifquaorol osi mhlmaolmai phnçtami, luostrh sastogi foghmrétamh ostiré ol
iugolth y vadolmai.
:.9.5 Ehrgis fo foghmrimai
Mnésamigolto ni foghmrimai ì safh favafafi ol fhs drilfos ehrgis;
 Foghmrimai faromti; ]o triti fo ni foghmrimai ol ostifh purh, tin mhgh ni

vavaorhl sus eulfifhros itolaolsos. Nis fomasahlos nis thgi on puojnh shjorilh ol
isigjnoi. Lh oxastol roprosoltiltos fon puojnh, sa lh, ol thfh mish, fonodifhs quo
so ìmol phrtivhmos fon puojnh, quo ûlamigolto ogatol on gilfith isigjnoirah.
]o triti fon taph
ta ph fo foghmrimai proeorafh lh sýnh phr nhs fogýmritis fo ni Iltadui
Dromai, salh tigjaál piri gum`hs polsifhros ghforlhs (Zhussoiu, phr okogpnh)
y piri uli juoli pirto fon ]hmainasgh y fon Ilirquasgh. _l okogpnh fo
foghmrimai faromti gés mhlhmafh os on fo ni Itolis mnésami.
 A lf
lfaa r omti h r oproso
prosoltitavi; On puojnh so nagati i onodar roprosoltiltos piri quo
ltitavi;
osths fonajorol y thgol nis fomasahlos, fo ehrgi korérquami. Indulhs iuthros
tigjaál fastalduol uli tormori mitodhrçi altorgofai, ni foghmrimai sogafaromti,
quo suono imhgpiùir, itoluélfhni, i ni foghmrimai alfaromti. Ol ni foghmrimai
sogafaromti on puojnh so oxprosi faromtigolto ol maortis marmulstilmais
pirtamuniros, jésamigolto
jésamigolto i trivás fo tros gomilasghs
gomilasghs;;
 Snojasmath; On puojnh onado «phr sç h phr lh² shjro uli prhpuosti.
 Z oeorálfug;; On puojnh mhlmofo h lh mhlmofo ni iprhjimaýl ealin fo uli

eorálfug
lhrgi (mhlstatumaýl, noy, tritifh).
 A lamait unirr ; Shr osto gomilasgh ul druph fo maufifilhs puofo

la maitaa vi phpuni
prhphlor ni silmaýl h forhdimaýl fo noy..
fo uli noy
 F ostatumaýl phpuni
unirr ; Zovhmimaýl fo gilfith h rominn. Gofailto osto

95
prhmofagaolth nhs maufifilhs puofol fostatuar i ul roprosoltilto onomth iltos fo

ealinazifh su porçhfh.
Ol ni prémtami, oxastol gumìs virailtos fon mhlmopth fo foghmrimai, indulis fo
onnis nnovifis i ni roinafif y htris sýnh àphtátamis. Ol ni imtuinafif nhs
gomilasghs fo foghmrimai gés oxtolfafhs shl nhs fo ni foghmrimai
roprosoltitavi2 fo òm`h, so triti fon sastogi fo dhjaorlh gés utanazifh ol on
gulfh. Indulhs piçsos mhgh ]uazi h Ostifhs _lafhs muoltil mhl indulhs
gomilasghs prhpahs fo ni foghmrimai faromti.
:.9.4 Mhgphloltos fo ni foghmrimai
Ol ni foghmrimai ghforli kuodi ul rhn fomasavh ni nnigifi rodni fo ni giyhrçi, os

fomar on forom`h fo ni giyhrçi i quo so ifhpto su phsamaýl muilfh oxastol favorsis
prhpuostis. Onnh ì nnovifh i quo soi ul nudir mhgûl fo ni munturi phpunir
isaganir foghmrimai mhl fomasaýl giyhratirai.
Nis onommahlos shl on alstrugolth ol on quo so ipnami ni rodni fo giyhrçi2

ìmaolfh isç fo ni foghmrimai on okormamah gés oeamaolto, oeamiz y trilspirolto,
fhlfo so ipnami ni aduinfif y ni hphrtulafif fo kustamai, prémtami hradalifi ol nhs
sadnhs PUAAA y PAP2 muilfh ni gukor so ìmo pirtçmapo fon forom`h in vhth.
Ifogés, ni foghmrimai mhltogphréloi, lh so giltaolo pirinoni in rádagol
ijshnutasti y in ghlhphnah fon phfor.
:.: FAUOZ]I] AFOHNHDÇI] FO FOGHMZIMAI
:.:.9 Ni foghmrimai najorin
Ol gum`hs mishs ni pinijri «foghmrimai² so utanazi mhgh salýlagh fo

foghmrimai najorin. ]uono oltolforso phr foghmrimai najorin ul taph doláramh fo
Ostifh surdafh fo ni Alfopolfolmai fo Ostifhs _lafhs fo 9445 y nuodh gés h
golhs dolorinazifh ol nis ropûjnamis y ghlirquçis mhlstatumahlinos quo
ogordaorhl fo nhs prhmoshs fo ogilmapimaýl h rovhnumahlirahs mhltri nis drilfos
ghlirquçis ijshnutis y ostijnomaorhl sastogis fo dhjaorlh ol nhs
n hs quo ni phjnimaýl
puofo vhtir y sor vhtifi, in gasgh taogph quo on forom`h fo prhpaofif os
prosorvifh.
:.:.: Ni shmainfoghmrimai
shmainfoghmrimai

94
Ni shmainfoghmrimai os uli vorsaýl fo ni foghmrimai ol ni quo so romurro i ni

rodunimaýl ostitin y i ni
n i mroimaýl fo prhdrigis y hrdilazimahlos pitrhmalifhs phr
on Ostifh, piri itoluir h onagalir nis fosaduinfifos o alkustamais shmainos quo,
sodûl mhlsaforil sus foeolshros, oxastarçil ol ni omhlhgçi najro y on mipatinasgh.
Ni shmainfoghmrimai so iphyi jésamigolto ol on sueridah ulavorsin, ni lhmaýl fo

kustamai shmain y ul taph fo Ostifh folh
folhgalifh
galifh Ostifh fo Jaolostir.
:.:.= Ni foghmrimai mhgh sastogi fo ronimahlos `hrazhltinos
On tárgalh «foghmrimai² tigjaál so utanazi igpnaigolto lh shnh piri fosadlir

uli ehrgi fo hrdilazimaýl phnçtami, salh uli ehrgi fo mhlvavolmai y hrdilazimaýl
hrdilazimaýl
shmain, mhl ronimahlos gés aduinatirais oltro sus gaogjrhs.
Ol osto soltafh os ìjatuin on ush fon tárgalh «foghmritazimaýl², mhgh phr
okogpnh ni foghmritazimaýl fo nis ronimahlos eiganairos, fo nis ronimahlos

nijhrinos, fo ni ogprosi, fo ni ulavorsafif, fo ni osmuoni, fo ni munturi, otm., tinos
okormamahs ostél hraoltifhs jésamigolto in égjath fo ni pirtamapimaýl maufifili,
muyhs pralmapinos gomilasghs utanazifhs piri tinos oeomths
oeomt hs shl onommahlos i trivás
fo vhth phpunir, isigjnois, prhpuostis fo prhyomths y thfhs iquonnhs ol quo so
milinazi ni vhnultif fo migjahs h iprhjimahlos mhl pirtamapimaýl faromti fo nhs
fastalths druphs shmainos.
:.:.6 Foghmrimai ol nis ghlirquçis

ghlirquçis mhlstatumahlinos
Fhs mishs ospomainos piri ni afoi fo foghmrimai shl nis ghlirquçis

mhlstatumahlinos y nis foghmrimais phpuniros quo mirimtorazil in shmainasgh roin.
Ni ghlirquçi mhlstatumahlin os uli ehrgi fo dhjaorlh quo mirimtorazi i virahs
piçsos fo Ourhpi (Dril Jrotiùi, Ospiùi, @hnilfi, otm.), Igárami (Milifé,
Kigiami, otm.), y Isai (Kipýl, Ginisai, otm.).
nhs lhjnos (fosadlimaýl fon Sragor Galastrh, fosadlimaýl fo dhjorliltos ol nis

fopolfolmais fo ni Mhrhli, voth suspolsavh, trajulin fo ûntagi alstilmai, otm.),
94
ifogés fo nhs phforos alehrginos foravifhs fo sus phsamahlos.
:.:.? Foghmrimai shvaátami

90
Ghfonh fo roprosoltitavafif jisifh ol ni oxporaolmai fo ni Mhguli fo Sirçs y ol

ni suporimaýl ol on drifh fo roprosoltitavafif fo ni Foghmrimai najorin. Osti
Foghmrimai faromti pirto fosfo nhs puosths fo trijikh mhtafailh, fhlfo so onadol
roprosoltiltos ol mifi eéjrami, tinnor, drilki u heamali, mhl gilfith rovhmijno ol
muinquaor ghgolth. Osths fonodifhs so mhlstatuyol ol uli Isigjnoi nhmin

(shvaots) y nuodh gilfijil su roprosoltilto i ni Isigjnoi Limahlin fo
Fonodifhs fon Suojnh.
]o no laodi on vhth y on phfor phnçtamh, in 93% fo ni phjnimaýl quo ijirmi i
ogprosirahs, jilquorhs y torritolaoltos, quo yi phsool on phfor omhlýgamh. Shr
osh so famo quo os Foghmrimai hjrori h Famtifuri fon Srhnotiraifh, yi quo so
ipnami on phfor phnçtamh mhltri on phfor omhlýgamh alstatuafh.
:.:.5 Foghmrimai ol on shmainasgh „roin‗
Nhs piçsos mhl sastogis phnçtamhs alsparifhs ol on mhgulasgh girxasti mhlhmafhs

mhgh «shmainasgh roin² mhgh Muji phsool sastogis fo dhjaorlh quo suonol
utanazir ni folhgalimaýl fo «foghmrimais phpuniros². Nis nnigifis «foghmrimais
phpuniros² so mirimtorazil phr ostir hrdilazifis shjro ni jiso fo ul sastogi fo
pirtafh phnçtamh ûlamh h òdogýlamh, çltagigolto valmunifh i n Ostifh, ol on quo
sodûl sus prhghthros puofo pirtamapir thfi ni phjnimaýl y foltrh fon muin fojo
hrdilazirso ni roprosoltimaýl fo nis faeoroltos phsamahlos phnçtamis, h in golhs fo
ni giyhr pirto fo nis gasgis. :9
Shr htri pirto ol nis nnigifis «foghmrimais phpuniros² imtuinos ni najortif fo

oxprosaýl y fo prolsi ostél rostraldafis y mhltrhnifis phr on Ostifh.
]odûl sus foeolshros, ni „foghmrimai phpunir‗ os on ûlamh taph fo foghmrimai ol

ni muin so puofo diriltazir ni aduinfif omhlýgami, shmain y munturin fo nhs
maufifilhs, yi quo nhs phforos omhlýgamhs pravifhs lh puofol alenuar ol on
sastogi fo roprosoltim
roprosoltimaýl.
aýl.
Indulhs girxastis hpalil tigjaál quo nis imtuinos «foghmrimais phpuniros² lh

shl vorfiforis foghmrimais shmainastis y quo mhlstatuyol uli foehrgimaýl fo nhs

91
pralmapahs hradalinos fon girxasgh. Ol on mish mhlmroth fo Màli, shstaolol quo

ì fosirrhnnifh uli omhlhgçi hraoltifi in mipatinasgh, porh so vino fo su tçtunh fo
„Zopûjnami Foghmrétami Shpunir‗ piri phfor mhltir mhl gilh fo hjri jiriti,
gofailto ni oxpnhtimaýl fo nhs trijikifhros màlhs, ìsti lavonos fo vafi
minaeamifhs mhgh aleriùgilhs, tin mhgh pisi ol gumìs foghmrimais
mipatinastis.
:.:.4 Foghmrimai y forom`h
forom`hss ù
ùgilhs
gilhs
Shr forom`hs ùgilhs y fo nhs maufifilhs so oltaolfo on mhlkulth fo forom`hs

mavanos, phnçtamhs y shmainos quo ostél ol ni jiso fo ni foghmrimai ghforli. Osths
inmilzil su pnoli ieargimaýl ol on sadnh PP.
 Forom`hs mavanos; najortif alfavafuin, fo oxprosaýl, fo afohnhdçi y ronadaýl,

forom`h i ni prhpaofif, fo morrir mhltriths y i ni kustamai. Ieargifhs ol on sadnh
PUAAA.
 Forom`hs phnçtamhs; forom`h i ni pirtamapimaýl ol on prhmosh phnçtamh mhgh

gaogjrh fo ul muorph in quo so nh hthrdi iuthrafif phnçtami. Ieargifhs ol on sadnh
PAP.
 Forom`hs shmainos; najortif salfamin y forom`h i ul jaolostir omhlýgamh

gçlagh y i uli vafi fadli, sodûl nhs ostélfiros provinoltos ol ni shmaofif ol
mifi ghgolth àstýramh. Ieargifhs ol on sadnh PP.
:.= @A]VHZAI FO NI FOGHMZIMAI
Ni foghmrimai ipiromo phr pragori voz ol gumìs fo nis iltaduis mavanazimahlos

quo hrdilazirhl sus alstatumahlos shjro ni jiso fo nhs sastogis mhgulatirahs o
aduinatirahs trajinos (foghmrimai trajin).

:3
Vuvh hradol ol Dromai (oltro ?33-:?3 I.M.), furilto on porçhfh fo Soramnos. Innç
so ostijnomaý ul sastogi fo pirtamapimaýl faromti, ol fhlfo on puojnh tolçi ni
phsajanafif fo thgir sus prhpais fomasahlos. Osti ehrgi fo hrdilazimaýl phnçtami
ifhptifi ol ni phnas (maufif), i trivás fo nis isigjnois fo maufifilhs, euo
fosadlifi mhgh foghmrimai, quo sadlaeami; phfor (briths) y (foghs) maufifilhs.
I trivás fo nhs sadnhs, on tárgalh foghmrimai ì afh migjailfh fo sadlaeamifhs fo
imuorfh in mhltoxth àstýramh ol on muin so ì fosirrhnnifh. Ol ni imtuinafif, ol
tárgalhs dolorinos, ni foghmrimai os uli ehrgi fo dhjaorlh ol fhlfo on phfor
rosafo ol on puojnh, quaol os on shjorilh.
:.6 ZONIMAHLO] MHL NI FOGHMZIMAI
:.6.9 Foghmrimai y Zopûj
Zopûjnami
nami
Nis faeorolmais y saganatufos oltro nhs mhlmopths fo „foghmrimai‗ y „ropûjnami‗

fil nudir i virais mhleusahlos ìjatuinos y faeorolmais fo mratorah oltro nhs
ospomainastis. Ol dolorin puofo fomarso quo ni ropûjnami os ul dhjaorlh rodafh phr
on pralmapah fo favasaýl fo phforos y sal roy, ol tilth quo ni foghmrimai os ul
sastogi ol on quo on dhjaorlh os onodafh phr on puojnh. _li ropûjnami puofo lh sor
foghmrétami, muilfh so olmuoltril oxmnuafhs igpnahs druphs fo ni phjnimaýl,
mhgh sumofo mhl nhs sastogis onomthrinos lh jisifhs ol on sueridah ulavorsin, h ol
fhlfo oxastol sastogis rimastis.
:.6.: Foghmrimai y Iuthmrimai
Foghmrimai; Sirtamapimaýl fon puojnh ol ni mroimaýl fo nis noyos. On phfor so

mhlstatuyo fo ijikh ìmai irraji, os fomar fosfo on puojnh.
I
Iut
uth
hmrimai;; Nhs maufifilhs lh pirtamapil najrogolto ol ni mroimaýl fo noyos. On
mrimai
phfor so mhlstatuy
mhlstatuyoo fo irraji ìmai ijikh, os fomar fosfo on dhjorlifhr h on druph
quo dhjaorli.
:.6.= Foghmrimai y Shjrozi
Fosfo ni ]odulfi Duorri Gulfain, ni foghmrimai ì dilifh igpnai imoptimaýl.

Siromo oxastar uli ronimaýl oltro foghmrimai y phjrozi, ol on soltafh fo quo

:9
iquonnhs piçsos mhl giyhros lavonos fo foghmrimai phsool tigjaál ul giyhr SAJ
por mépati, ul giyhr
giyhr çlfamo fo fosirrhnnh ùgilh y ul golhr çlfamo fo phjrozi.
phjrozi.
:.6.6 Ostijanafif phnçtami y duorris
Ni foghmrimai os ul sastogi ol on quo ni maufifilçi puofo quatir fo su puosth i

nhs dhjorliltos sal tolor quo migjair thfi ni jiso nodin fon dhjaorlh. Ol osto
soltafh ni foghmrimai rofumo ni alostijanafif phnçtami y isoduri i nhs maufifilhs
quo phr gum`h quo fasaoltil fo nis phnçtamis fon dhjaorlh ol ul ghgolth fifh,
saogpro tolfrél uli hphrtulafif rodunir fo migjair i quaolos dhjaorlil, h
almnush fo migjair faromtigolto nis phnçtamis mhl nis muinos lh ostél fo imuorfh,
ol nhs mishs ol quo ni foghmrimai roprosoltitavi so mhgjalo mhl ni foghmrimai
faromti. Ni giyhrçi fo ni dolto mhalmafo ol quo osth os proeorajno i ul sastogi ol
on quo nhs migjahs phnçtamhs so nnovil i mijh phr gofah fo ni vahnolmai, nh quo
fosogjhmi ni giyhrçi fo nis vomos ol ul dhnpo fo ostifh h uli duorri mavan.
Shr htri pirto, nis ovafolmais ogpçramis piromol ghstrir quo fhs foghmrimais
lulmi h misa lulmi ìl oltrifh ol uli duorri. _l okogpnh os ul ostufah fo thfis
nis duorris sumofafis fosfo 9095 ìsti 9119, ol on quo so foealaý «duorri² mhgh
immaýl ganatir mhl gés fo 9333 jikis ol mhgjito y «foghmrimai² mhgh ul ostifh
mhl gés fo fhs tormahs fo ni phjnimaýl gismunali mhl forom`h i vhth. On ostufah
olmhltrý 910 duorris oltro „lh-
„lh -foghmrimais‗, 9?? duorris oltro foghmrimais y
lh-foghmrimais, y lalduli duorri oltro foghmrimais. Fo thfis ehrgis, osto
pniltoigaolth saduo susmatilfh phnágami y osté sukoth i uli dril alvostadimaýl
imifágami y fojito.:6
Muilfh ni duorri so prhfumo, nis foghmrimais i vomos rosphlfol mhl noltatuf i

miusi fo nhs roquasaths nodinos y jurhmrétamhs lomosirahs piri thgir fomasahlos. Ol
uli foghmrimai lhrgingolto on pirnigolth fojo iprhjir uli fomnirimaýl fo
duorri iltos fo mhgolzir h almhrphrirso i nis `hstanafifos, iulquo indulis vomos
on okomutavh taolo phfor piri thgir ni alamaitavi sagpnogolto alehrgilfh in
pirnigolth fo ni fomasaýl.
fomasaýl.

::
Ifogés, sa so alstatuyo ul inastigaolth fo miri i ni ovoltuin duorri, ni maufifilçi

puofo prhtostir. Nis ghlirquçis y famtifuris ol tohrçi puofol imtuir
algofaitigolto phr lh ostir sukotis in eulmahligaolth nodin y jurhmrétamh fo nis
foghmrimais, porh i golufh lh nh ìmol, o àstýramigolto nis ghlirquçis
tigjaál roinazijil fomnirimahlos fo duorri. I posir fo thfh nh mhgoltifh, h
quazé i miusi fo onnh, àstýramigolto nis foghmrimais ìl safh mipimos fo
giltolor su sodurafif.
:.? ONOGOLVH] FO NI FOGHMZIMAI
:.?.9 Onommaýl
Ol phnçtami, uli onommaýl os ul prhmosh fo thgi fo fomasahlos ol fhlfo nhs

maufifilhs vhtil phr sus milfafiths h pirtafhs phnçtamhs proeorafhs piri quo
imtûol mhgh roprosoltiltos ol on dhjaorlh. _li roehrgi onomthrin fosmrajo on
prhmosh fo altrhfumar sastogis onomthrinos kusths y foghmrétamhs fhlfo osths lh

oxastol, h gokhrir ni oeomtavafif y trilspirolmai fo nhs sastogis oxastoltos.
:.?.: Yuaál puofo vhtir
Ni produlti rospomth i quaál fojo sueridir os ul isulth moltrin ol nis onommahlos.

Ol on onomthrifh doloringolto lh so olmuoltri almnuafi ni phjnimaýl oltori2 phr
okogpnh, gum`hs piçsos nos prh`çjol vhtir i nis porshlis fomnirifis goltingolto
almhgpotoltos2 ifogés, thfis nis kurasfammahlos roquaorol uli ofif gçlagi piri
vhtir.
:.?.= Lhgalimaýl
Ol uli foghmrimai faromti, muinquaor porshli onodajno puofo sor lhgalifi. Ol

indulhs piçsos, shnh gaogjrhs fo ul pirtamunir pirtafh phnçtamh puofol sornh. Ol
nhs Ostifhs _lafhs, phr okogpnh, mhgûlgolto milfafiths pirtafastis lomosatil
uli miltafif golhr fo eargis quo iphyol su lhgalimaýl i iquonnhs milfafiths
quo soil alfopolfaoltos
a lfopolfaoltos..
:.?.6 Yuaál os onodafh
Nis phsamahlos fon dhjaorlh piri nis muinos so monojril nis onommahlos virçil

:=
fopolfaolfh fo ni nhminafif. Ol uli foghmrimai roprosoltitavi, mhgh nhs Ostifhs

_lafhs, indulis phsamahlos lh shl nnolifis gofailto onommahlos, phr okogpnh, nhs
kuomos shl usuingolto fosadlifhs piri prhtodor su agpirmainafif, iul isç oxastol
oxmopmahlos i osti prémtami.
:.?.? ]astogis onomthrinos
Nhs sastogis onomthrinos so roeaorol i irrodnhs mhlstatumahlinos fotinnifhs y

sastogis fo vhtimaýl quo Thnn ]ghtòn vhth piri fotorgalir muénos alfavafuhs y
pirtafhs phnçtamhs shl onodafhs ol phsamahlos fo phfor. On pragor pish os mhltir
nhs vhths, piri nh muin so usil fastalths sastogis fo romuolth fo vhths y piponotis.
Ni giyhrçi fo nhs sastogis puofol sor mitodhrazifhs ol sastogis fo
roprosoltimaýl prhphrmahlin y fo giyhratirahs.
Oltro nhs pralmapinos
pra lmapinos sastogis onomthrinos os
ostél;
tél;
]astogis Giyhratirahs;
 Giyhrçi ronitavi
 Uhth ol jnhquo
 Uhth intorlitavh
 Fhjno rhlfi
]astogis sogaprhph
sogaprhphrmahlinos;
rmahlinos;
 ]astogi pirinonh
 Uhth nagatifh
 Uhth ûlamh lh trilseorajno
]astogis fo roprosoltimaýl prhphrmahlin;

 Zoprosoltimaýl prhphrmahlin
prhphrmahlin phr nastis
 Zoprosoltimaýl Srhphrmahlin Sorshlinazifi
Sorshlinazifi
 Uhth ûlamh trilseorajno

:6
:.5 NI FOGHMZIMAI OL OM_IFHZ
Vris luovo iùhs fo famtifuris, ni foghmrimai ol on Omuifhr ogpozý ol on iùh

9141 mhl on prosafolto Kiago Zhnfýs Iduanori, fospuás fo su guorto volfrçil;
Hswinfh @urtifh Nirroi, Noýl Eojros Mhrforh, Zhfradh Jhrki Movinnhs y ]axth
Furél Jinnál, quaolos i posir fo dhjorlir oltro duorris, duorrannis o alostijanafif

omhlýgami, nhdrirhl torgalir sus porçhfhs. Gés tirfo volfrçi Ijfiné Jumirig
Hrtaz quaol ori ul shmainasti ol muyh dhjaorlh so prosoltirhl indulhs mishs fo
mhrrupmaýl. Fospuás fo quo on piçs ostuvh ol ul mihs tris ni sinafi fo Jumirig,
Zhsinçi Irtoidi euo prosafolti phr ul fçi saolfh sustatuafi phr Eijaél Inirmýl
Zavori.
Onodafh phr vhtimaýl fon puojnh sujaý in phfor ol 9110 Kigan Giùif Tatt,
eargilfh ni piz mhl Sorû so dilý ni imoptimaýl fon puojnh ìsti on eoraifh
jilmirah y on migjah fon sumro in fýnir. Fospuás fon forrhmigaolth fo Giùif,

immofaý in phfor on Uamoprosafolto Dus
Dustivh
tivh Lhjhi Jokirilh, quaol shnh furý phmh
taogph ol on gasgh. On saduaolto gilfitirah onodafh phr on puojnh euo Numah
Dutaárroz Jhrjûi, quaol phr uli rojonaýl fo ehrikafhs sinaý fon phfor saduaálfhnh
Inerofh Sinimah Dhlzénoz, quaol euo Uamoprosafolto fo Dutaárroz. On ûntagh
prosafolto quo tologhs os Zieion Mhrroi Fondifh y quaol imtuingolto euo
roonodafh piri su sodulfh porahfh prosafolmain.
Mirimtorçstamis fo ni foghmrimai.- Ni foghmrimai so ostijnomo ol ul Ostifh fo
forom`h, hraoltifh in joloeamah fo nhs maufifilhs y mhl ul rospinfh phpunir

giyhratirah vasajanazifh ol ni hrdilazimaýl fo onommahlos najros; forom`h i vhtir y
sor vhtifh (sueridah ulavorsin).
 Ni f
fo
ogh
ghmr
mrima
imai
igghf
hfor li
orli
Oxasto uli Mhlstatumaýl quo nagati nhs phforos fon Ostifh y mhltrhni on
eulmahligaolth fon dhjaorlh. Ifogés, i trivás fo ostis rodnis, so phsajanati ni
pirtamapimaýl faromti fo maufifilhs ol ni hrdilazimaýl phnçtami mhgh
roprosoltiltos fo nis fomasahlos mhnomtavis. Ol osto sastogi radol maortis lhrgis
dolorinos (noyos eulfigoltinos) quo ìmol phsajno ni roshnumaýl fo mhlenamths

:?
oltro nhs druphs portolomaoltos i ni shmaofif. Mhoxastol nis najortifos mhgh nis fo
hpalaýl y oxprosaýl.
:.4 OF_MIMAÝL SIZI NI FOGHMZIMAI
Ni ofumimaýl piri ni foghmrimai, dril fosieçh fo thfis nis shmaofifos trismaolfo

nis erhltoris nhminos, limahlinos o altorlimahlinos. On prhmosh ofumitavh fojo
prhnhldirso euori fon iuni mhl oxporaolmais fo iprolfaziko mhtafailh,
ostijnomaolfh vçlmunhs oltro nhs mhltolafhs osmhniros y ni vafi fo nis
n is porshlis.
Os quo ni mhlshnafimaýl y on fosirrhnnh fo ni foghmrimai fopolfol lh shnh fon

mhlhmagaolth fo nhs vinhros foghmrétamhs, salh tigjaál fo gilori fomasavi fon
iprolfaziko y gum`h gés fo phlor ol prémtami nhs gasghs. Os golostor almunmir i
ni voz on afoin y ni prémtami fo ni foghmrimai y rovortar ni ipitçi mromaolto ìmai nhs
isulths pûjnamhs, phnçtamhs y fon juol vavar.
Ofumir piri ni foghmrimai hjnadi tigjaál almnuar ni porspomtavi fo dálorh ol ni

ofumimaýl, olehmilfh ni afoltafif munturin, àstýrami, mçvami y shmain. Ol ni
prémtami os mhgh gokhr so iprolfo, phr olfo os praghrfain muntavir nhs vinhros
osparatuinos, átamhs y ghrinos. Osto mhgprhgash mçvamh fojo ìmorso ul `éjath, phr
nh muin imtatufos
imta tufos y lhrgis fo vafi so ehgoltil fosfo togprili ofif.Ni ofumimaýl
fojo prhvoor i mifi porshli ni mipimafif fo pirtamapir imtavigolto furilto thfi
su vafi ol prhyomths shmainos, isugar rosphlsijanafifos mhlsadh gasgh y mhl nhs
fogés ol on fairah mhlvavar. Fosfo on alamah fo su vafi osmhnir on ofumilfh fojoré
mhlhmor guy jaol sus forom`hs y hjnadimahlos, fosirrhnnilfh mhgpotolmais
shmainos, trijikilfh ol oquaph, fosmujraolfh in htrh ol mhltoxths fo aduinfif y

imoptilfh ni favorsafif.
:.= E_LFIGOLVIMAÝL NODIN
Erolto i ni roinafif quo so ì ropisifh y ieargilfh ni rosphlsijanafif fo

ehrgimaýl i quo osté nnigifh on sastogi ofumitavh, so ìmo agprosmalfajno rovasir
nh quo ostijnomol nis lhrgis nodinos vadoltos ol ni Zopûjnami fon Omuifhr shjro
osto togi.

:5
:.=.9 Ni Mhlstatumaýl fo ni Zopûjnami

Irt. :5; „Ni ofumimaýl os ul forom`h fo nis porshlis i nh nirdh fo su vafi y ul
fojor alonufajno o aloxmusijno os Ostifh. Mhlstatuyo ul éroi prahratirai fo ni
phnçtami pûjnami y fo ni alvorsaýl ostitin, diriltçi fo ni aduinfif o almn
almnusaýl
usaýl shmain
y mhlfamaýl alfaspolsijno piri on juol vavar. Nis porshlis, nis eiganais y ni
shmaofif taolol on forom`h y ni rosphlsijanafif fo pirtamapir ol on prhmosh

ofumitavh‗
ofumitavh‗
Irt. :4; „Ni ofumimaýl so moltriré ol on sor ùgilh y diriltaziré su fosirr hnnh

hnnh
`hnçstamh, ol on girmh fon rospoth i nhs forom`hs ùgilhs, in gofah igjaolto
sustoltijno y i ni foghmrimai2 soré pirtamapitavi, hjnadithrai, altormunturin,
foghmrétami, almnuyolto y favorsi, fo minafif y minafoz2 agpunsiré ni oquafif fo
dálorh, ni kustamai, ni shnafirafif y ni piz2 ostaguniré on soltafh mrçtamh, on irto y ni
munturi eçsami, ni alamaitavi alfavafuin y mhgulatirai, y on fosirrhnnh fo
mhgpotolmais y mipimafifos piri mroir y trijikir. Ni ofumimaýl os alfaspolsijno

piri on mhlhmagaolth, on okormamah fo nhs forom`hs y ni mhlstrummaýl fo ul piçs
shjorilh, y mhlstatuyo ul oko ostritádamh piri on fosirrhnnh limahlin‗
limahlin‗
Irt. :1; „OA Ostifh diriltaziré ni najortif fo olsoùilzi, ni najortif fo métofri ol

ni ofumimaýl suporahr, y on forom`h fo nis porshlis fo iprolfor ol su prhpai
noldui y égjath munturin. Nis gifros y pifros h sus roprosoltiltos tolfrél ni
najortif fo osmhdor piri sus àkis o àkhs uli ofumimaýl imhrfo mhl sus pralmapahs,
mroolmais y hpmahlos pofidýd
hpmahlos pofidýdamis‗.
amis‗.
Irt. 1?; „Nis maufifilis y

y maufifilhs, ol ehrgi alfavafuin y mhnomtavi,
pirtamapirél fo gilori prhtidýlami ol ni thgi fo fomasahlos, pnilaeamimaýl y
dostaýl fo nhs isulths pûjnamhs, y ol on mhltrhn phpunir fo nis alstatumahlos fon
Ostifh y ni shmaofif, y fo sus roprosoltiltos, ol ul prhmosh porgilolto fo
mhlstrummaýl fon phfor maufifilh. Ni pirtamapimaýl so hraoltiré phr nhs pralmapahs
fo aduinfif, iuthlhgçi, fonajorimaýl pûjnami, rospoth i ni faeorolmai, mhltrhn
phpunir, shnafirafif o altormunturinafif.
altormunturinafif.
Ni pirtamapimaýl fo ni maufifilçi ol thfhs nhs isulths fo altorás pûjnamh os ul
forom`h, quo so okormoré i trivás fo nhs gomilasghs fo ni foghmrimai

roprosoltitavi, faromti y mhgulatirai‗
mhgulatirai‗

:4
:.=.: Noy Hrdélami fo Ofumimaýl Altormunturin

Ol on Vçtunh A.- Fo nhs Sralmapahs Dolorinos, ostijnomo=6;
Irt. :.- Sralmapahs.- Ni imtavafif ofumitavi so fosirrhnni itolfaolfh i nhs
saduaoltos pralmapahs dolorinos, quo shl nhs
n hs eulfigolths eanhsýeamhs, mhlmoptuinos
y mhlstatumahlinos quo sustoltil, foealol y radol nis fomasahlos y imtavafifos ol on

égjath ofumitavh;
a) Ofumimaýl ol vinhros; „Ni ofumimaýl fojo jisirso ol ni trilsgasaýl y prémtami
fo vinhros quo prhguovil ni najortif porshlin, ni foghmrimai, on rospoth i nhs
forom`hs, ni rosphlsijanafif, ni shnafirafif, ni thnorilmai, on rospoth i ni favorsafif
favorsa fif
fo dálorh, mhlfamaýl fo gadrimaýl y mroolmai ronadahsi, ni oquafif, ni aduinfif y
ni kustamai y ni onagalimaýl fo thfi ehrgi fo fasmragalimaýl‗.
fasmragalimaýl‗.
b) Olehquo fo forom`hs; „Ni immaýl, prémtami y mhltolafhs ofumitavhs fojol
moltrir su immaýl ol nis porshlis y sus forom`hs. Ni ofumimaýl fojoré almnuar on
mhlhmagaolth fo nhs forom`hs, sus gomilasghs fo prhtommaýl y oxadajanafif,

okormamah rosphlsijno, romhlhmagaolth
romhlhmagaolth y rospoth i nis favorsafifos, ol ul girmh fo
najortif, fadlafif, oquafif shmain, munturin o aduinfif
ad uinfif fo dálorh‗.
dálorh‗.
g) Ofumimaýl piri ni foghmrimai; „Nhs ostijnomagaolths ofumitavhs shl
ospimahs foghmrétamhs fo okormamah fo nhs forom`hs ùgilhs y prhghthros fo ni
munturi fo piz, trilsehrgifhros fo ni roinafif, trilsgashros y mroifhros fon
mhlhmagaolth, prhghthros fo ni altormunturinafif, ni oquafif, ni almnusaýl, ni
foghmrimai, ni maufifilçi, ni mhlvavolmai shmain, ni pirtamapimaýl, ni altodrimaýl
shmain, limahlin, ilfali, nitalhigoramili y gulfain‗.
gulfain‗.

v) Oquafif o almnusaýl; „Ni oquafif o almnusaýl isoduril
isoduril i thfis nis porshlis on
immosh, porgilolmai y mungalimaýl ol on ]astogi Ofumitavh. Diriltazi ni
aduinfif fo hphrtulafifos i mhgulafifos, puojnhs, limahlinafifos y druphs mhl
lomosafifos ofumitavis ospomainos y fosirrhnni uli átami fo ni almnusaýl mhl
gofafis fo immaýl ieargitavi y uli munturi osmhnir almnuyolto ol ni tohrçi y ni
prémtami ol jiso i ni oquafif, orrifamilfh
orrifamilfh thf
thfii eiso fo fasmragalimaýl‗.
fasmragalimaýl‗.
w) Minafif y minafoz; „Diriltazi on forom`h fo nis porshlis i uli ofumimaýl fo
minafif y minafoz, portalolto, ifomuifi, mhltoxtuinazifi, imtuinazifi y irtamunifi
=6
NOQ HZDÉLAMI FO OF_MIMAÝL ALVOZM_NV_ZIN

:0
ol thfh on prhmosh ofumitavh, ol sus sastogis, lavonos, sujlavonos h ghfinafifos2

y quo almnuyi ovinuimahlos porgiloltos. Isç gasgh, diriltazi ni mhlmopmaýl fon
ofumilfh mhgh on moltrh fon prhmosh ofumitavh, mhl uli enoxajanafif y prhpaofif
fo mhltolafhs, prhmoshs y gothfhnhdçis quo so ifipto i sus lomosafifos y
roinafifos eulfigoltinos. Srhguovo mhlfamahlos ifomuifis fo rospoth, thnorilmai
y ieomth, quo dolorol ul mnagi osmhnir prhpamah ol on prhmosh fo iprolfazikos‗
iprolfazikos‗
z) Altormunturinafif y pnuralimahlinafif; „Ni altormunturinafif y
pnuralimahlinafif diriltazil i nhs imthros fon ]astogi on mhlhmagaolth, on
romhlhmagaolth, on rospoth, ni vinhrimaýl, ni romroimaýl fo nis faeoroltos
limahlinafifos, munturis y puojnhs quo mhlehrgil on Omuifhr y on gulfh2 isç
mhgh sus sijoros ilmostrinos, prhpudlilfh ni ulafif ol ni favorsafif,
prhpamailfh on faénhdh altormunturin o altrimunturin, y prhpolfaolfh i ni vinhrimaýl
fo nis ehrgis y ushs fo nis faeoroltos munturis quo soil mhlshliltos mhl nhs
forom`hs ùgilhs‗=?=5
Irt. =.- E a lo
loss fo ni o
ofum
fumi
imaý l.-- ]hl ealos fo ni ofumimaýl;
ma ýl.
i) On fosirrhnnh pnolh fo ni porshlinafif fo nis y nhs ostufailtos, quo mhltrajuyi i
nhdrir on mhlhmagaolth y okormamah fo sus forom`hs, on mugpnagaolth fo sus
hjnadimahlos, on fosirrhnnh fo uli munturi fo piz oltro nhs puojnhs y fo lh
vahnolmai oltro nis porshlis, y uli mhlvavolmai shmain altormunturin, pnuralimahlin,
foghmrétami y shnafirai.
m) On fosirrhnnh fo ni afoltafif limahlin2 fo ul soltafh fo portololmai ulatirah,
altormunturin y pnuralimahlin2 y fo nis afoltafifos munturinos fo nhs puojnhs y
limahlinafifos quo ìjatil on Omuifhr.
:.6 EHZG_NIMAÝL FO NI @ASÝVO]A] Q UIZAIJNO]
:.6.9 @apýtosas
„Ni ipnamimaýl fo ni foghmrimai mhgh oko trilsvorsin foltrh fon prhmosh fo

olsoùilzi ”
olsoùilzi ” iprolfaziko
iprolfaziko phtolmai ni ehrgimaýl imifágami fo nhs ostufailtos fo ni
_lafif Ofumitavi „Muolmi fon Duiyis‗.
Duiyis‗.

:1
:.6.: Uiraijnos fo ni alvostadimaýl
Uiraijno Alfopolfaolto
Ehrgimaýl fo uli maufifilçi foghmrétami.
foghmrétami.
Uiraijno Fopolfaolto
Fosirrhnnh altodrin fo nhs ostufailtos.
:.? GIZMH MHLMOSV_IN FO VÁZGALH]
Iprolfor; Os on prhmosh i trivás fon muin so ifquaorol h ghfaeamil ìjanafifos,

fostrozis, mhlhmagaolths, mhlfumtis h vinhros mhgh rosuntifh fon ostufah, ni
oxporaolmai, ni alstrummaýl, on rizhligaolth y ni hjsorvimaýl.
Iprolfaziko; Os on prhmosh i trivás fon muin so ifquaorol h

ghfaeamil ìjanafifos, fostrozis, mhlhmagaolths, mhlfumtis h vinhros mhgh
rosuntifh fon ostufah, ni oxporaolmai, ni alstrummaýl, on rizhligaolth y
ni hjsorvimaýl. Osto prhmosh puofo sor ilinazifh fosfo fastaltis porspomtavis, phr
nh quo oxastol fastaltis tohrçis fon iprolfaziko. On iprolfaziko os uli fo nis
eulmahlos goltinos gés agphrtiltos
ag phrtiltos ol ùgilhs, ilaginos y sastogis irtaeamainos.
Minafif; Ni pinijri minafif taolo gûntapnos sadlaeamifhs. Os ul mhlkulth fo

prhpaofifos alòroltos i ul hjkoth quo no mhleaorol mipimafif piri sitaseimor
lomosafifos agpnçmatis h oxpnçmatis. Ni minafif fo ul prhfumth h sorvamah os ni
pormopmaýl quo on mnaolto taolo fon gasgh, os uli eakimaýl goltin fon mhlsugafhr
quo isugo mhlehrgafif mhl fam`h prhfumth h sorvamah y ni mipimafif fon gasgh
piri sitaseimor sus lomosafifos
lomosafifos..
Mhgulamimaýl; Ni mhgulamimaýl os on prhmosh gofailto on muin so puofo

trilsgatar alehrgimaýl fo uli oltafif i htri.
Foghmrimai.- Ol soltafh ostramth ni foghmrimai os uli ehrgi fo hrdilazimaýl fon

Ostifh, ol ni muin nis fomasahlos mhnomtavis shl ifhptifis phr on puojnh gofailto

=3
gomilasghs fo pirtamapimaýl faromti h alfaromti quo no mhleaorol nodatagafif i nhs

roprosoltiltos. Ol soltafh igpnah, foghmrimai os uli ehrgi fo mhlvavolmai
mhlvavolmai shmain
ol ni quo nhs gaogjrhs shl najros o aduinos y nis ronimahlos shmainos so ostijnomol
fo imuorfh i gomilasghs mhltrimtuinos
mhltrimtuinos..
Oko altodrifhr.- ]hl eulfigolths piri ni prémtami pofidýdami, altodrir nhs
migphs fon sor, on sijor, on ìmor y on mhlvavar i trivás fo mhlmopths,
prhmofagaolths, vinhros
vinhros y imtatufos quo hraoltil ni ols
olsoùilzi
oùilzi y on iprolfaziko.
Olsoùir; Ni olsoùilzi os uli imtavafif roinazifi mhlkultigolto gofailto ni

altorimmaýl fo = onogolths; ul prheoshr h fhmolto, ulh h virahs fasmoltos y on
hjkoth fo mhlhmagaolth.
Ostufailtos; Os iquonni porshli fofamifi i ni nomturi, puosti ol prémtami y

iproòlsaýl fo mhlhmagaolths shjro induli gitorai h irto. Vigjaál shl nnigifhs
druphs ostufailtanos i iquonnhs ehrgifhs phr porshlis piri roinazir fojitos,
girmìs, kuodhs, otm., ol lhgjro fo uli alstatumaýl
a lstatumaýl ofumitavi.
Ostritodais.- _li ostritodai os ul mhlkulth fo immahlos pnilaeamifis

sastogétamigolto ol on taogph quo so nnovil i mijh piri nhdrir ul fotorgalifh eal
i mhrth h nirdh pnizh.
Gáthfh; Os on quo rosphlfo i ul pnil dolorin piri ni prosoltimaýl fo nis

ulafifos y fon gitorain fostalifh i ni olsoùilzi
olsoùilzi y on iprolfaziko fo ni noldui.
n oldui. Isç
phr okogpnh, ul olehquo
olehquo puofo sor fosirrhnnifh
fosirrhnnifh phr fav
favorshs
orshs gáthfhs
gáthfhs..
Gothfhnýdami; Ni Gothfhnhdçi, (fon draodh ¿οφδ gotã "gés inné",

θζρϊ hfús "migalh" y βθνθϊnhdhs "ostufah"), ìmo roeorolmai in mhlkul th fo
prhmofagaolths jisifhs ol pralmapahs nýdamhs, ut
utanazifhs
anazifhs piri inmilzir uli digi
fo hjkotavhs quo radol ol uli alvostadimaýl maoltçeami h ol uli oxphsamaýl
fhmtralin. On tárgalh puofo sor ipnamifh i nis irtos muilfh os lomosirah oeomtuir
uli hjsorvimaýl h ilénasas gés radurhsh h oxpnamir uli ehrgi fo altorprotir
ni hjri fo irto.

=9
MISÇV_NH AAA
GIZMH GOVHFHNÝDAMH
=.9 OLEHY_O ALUO]VADIVAUH
Ostijnomor on lavon fo ehrgimaýl foghmrétami, gofailto on ush fo uli duçi

fafémtami fo okos trilsvorsinos, piri phtolmair nhs vinhros ofumitavhs oltro
Fasmoltos y Sifros fo Eiganai, mhlstatuyo ul dril fosieçh piri fhmoltos ol
ofumimaýl jésami, phrquo so jusmi oltolfor ni prhjnogétami y gofar on inmilmo fo
nhs eolýgolhs quo so susmatil ol nhs ostufailtos, os phr osti rizýl quo ni
alvostadimaýl so olmiuzi ol on ghfonh fo pirifadgi muina - muiltatitavh puosth
quo so jusmi ni mhgprolsaýl fon eolýgolh fo pirtamapimaýl ol nhs faeoroltos imths
y ostijnomor uli gofafi fo imoptimaýl, fosfo uli porspomtavi `hnçstami y
eulfigoltifi ol uli mhlmopmaýl fo roinafif falégami.
In roinazir osto prhyomth so thgi ni ghfinafif shmah ofumitavh y fo alvostadimaýl

fo migph fhlfo rosunti agphrtilto hjtolor nhs fiths roinos fo ni satuimaýl
prhjnogétami, tigjaál so jusmiré iphyh fo alehrgimaýl jajnahdréeami fhlfo
oxastil fiths imhrfos in togi. Ni alvostadimaýl roinazifi euo fo ul lavon
fosmraptavh y oxpnhrithrai, yi quo so oxpnamil nis fastaltis pirtos, muinafifos h
marmulstilmais ol quo so fosirrhnni thfh on trijikh alvostaditavh, foltrh fo ul
fotorgalifh ospimah foghdréeamigolto ostijnomafh piri su hjsorvimaýl, filfh
uli afoi dolorin fo mifi pirto quo so fosoo ostufair, ifogés phr sor fo eéman
fofummaýl, imhrfo i nhs òm`hs fo ni vafi roin.
=.: FA]OÙH FO NI ALUO]VADIMAÝL
=.:.9 Ghfinafif jésami fo ni alvostadimaýl
On trijikh fo alvostadimaýl quo so prosolti so jisi ol ul ostufah fosmraptavh, fo

ehrgi oxpnhrithrai y fo migph phr quo so roinazi uli hjsorvimaýl fo nis

=:
imtavafifos mçvamhs ” shmainos quo so nnovil i mijh ol Ni _lafif Ofumitavi

„Muolmi fon Duiyis‗2 so ehrguný on prhjnogi ol ronimaýl i nh fotomtifh ol ni
alstatumaýl, mhl on togi „Almafolmai fon oko trilsvorsin; ni ehrgimaýl fo uli
maufifilçi foghmrétami, ol on fosirrhnnh altodrin fo nhs ostufailtos fo 0vh. Iùh
fo Ofumimaýl Jésami‗. Ifogés so
so ogpnoirhl támlamis ol on trijikh fo migph,
romhnomtilfh on gitorain lomosirah piri rofimtir on alehrgo fo ni alvostadimaýl.
=.= VASH FO ALUO]VADIMAÝL
=.=.9 Gáthfh Maoltçeamh
Ni liturinozi fo osto gáthfh fo alvostadimaýl rifami ol on pniltoigaolth fo
produltis o alfidimaýl fo rospuostis
rospuostis,, nis muinos fojol sor shgotafis i
mhleargimaýl. I pirtar fo osto, so utanazirhl on fofumtavh y on fosmraptavh, nh muin
iyufý i ostijnomor ni prhjnogétami, gofailto ni hjsorvimaýl faromti fo nis
imtavafifos quo roinazil nhs ostufailtos
ostufail tos fo ni _lafif Ofumitavi „Muolmi fon
Duiyis‗.
Duiyis‗.
On gáthfh maoltçeamh h oxporagoltin os uli gilori fo romhnomtir alehrgimaýl y

mhgprhjir nh quo so alfidi. Os ni gilori ol quo ul maoltçeamh triti fo olmhltrir
rospuostis i sus almýdlatis shjro nh quo sumofo i su inrofofhr. Mhltriraigolto fo
quo on prhmosh puofo migjair, on gáthfh maoltçeamh mhlsti fo nhs saduaoltos pishs
dolorinos; roinazir hjsorvimahlos2 ostijnomor àpýtosas2 shgotor i mhgprhjimaýl
nis àpýtosas y nnodir i mhlmnusahlos.
Siri mugpnar mhl on trijikh fo alvostadimaýl so ostijnomaý on ilénasas o

altorprotimaýl fo nhs mhltolafhs mhl ni iyufi y iphrto fon gitorain jajnahdréeamh
fo virahs iuthros quo porgataorhl ni mhlstrummaýl fon girmh toýramh, ifogés fo sor
iyufi agphrtilto piri mhgpirir mhl ni roinafif quo so gilaeaosti i pirtar fo ni
alfidimaýl fo migph oeomtuifi.

==
=.=.: Gáthfh Fosmraptavh
]o utanazý on gáthfh fosmraptavh ol on prosolto trijikh fo alvostadimaýl,
porgataolfh mhgprhjir nnii mhrronimaýl oxastolto oltro nhs faeoroltos imthros fo ni
mhgulafif ofumitavi mhl altorás ol on fosirrhnnh mçvamh
mçvamh ”
” shmain
shmain fo nhs ostufailtos
quo so propiril imifágamigolto ol ni Alstatumaýl, filfh su mratorah shjro ni

prhjnogétami quo so ì olmhltrifh phr ni utanazimaýl fo támlamis trifamahlinos ol
on prhmosh fo olsoùilzi ” iprolfaziko ol ni _lafif Ofumitavi „Muolmi fon
Duiyis‗..
Duiyis‗
]o utanazý ni támlami fo ni olmuosti piri romhnomtir ni alehrgimaýl lomosirai, so

ipnamý i nhs ostufailtos fo ni Alstatumaýl y i nhs fhmoltos quo nijhril ol osto
mursh, so oltrovastý shjro fon ogpnoh fo ni foghmrimai ol on prhmosh fo olsoùilzi
” iprolfaziko.
iprolfaziko.
=.=.= Gáthfh Fofumtavh
On sor ùgilh pirto fo lugorhshs fiths pirtamuniros y nnodi i uli prhphsamaýl fo
noy h rodni quo gilaeaosti ul eolýgolh ostijnomafh, ol on gáthfh alfumtavh.
Gofailto on gáthfh fofumtavh, sal ogjirdh, so prhmofo ol soltafh mhltrirah.
Imoptifis indulis prhphsamahlos oxtriçfis fo ni oxporaolmai, imoptifis indulis
vorfifos famtifis phr on romth kuamah, phr ni altuamaýl o almnush phr ni agidalimaýl,
so prhmofo i fofumar fo onnis htris vorfifos.
=.6 SHJNIMAÝL Q G_O]VZI
Ni phjnimaýl ni mhlstatuyol 966 pirtamapiltos oltro ostufailtos y Sifros fo

Eiganai fastrajuafhs oltro, pirinonhs „I‗ y „J‗2 fo ni _lafif Ofumitavi „Muolmi
fon Duiyis‗,
Duiyis‗, os on ulavorsh fo ni alvostadimaýl
a lvostadimaýl mhgpuosti
mhgpuosti phr;

=6
=.6.9 Shjnimaýl
M_IFZH L» 9
FOVINNO SHJNIMAÝL SHZMOLVIKO
Fhmoltos fon éroi

Ostufailtos ?
4: 6.33%
?4.53%
Sifros fo eiganai 60 =0.63%
VHVINO] 9:? 933%
Euolto; ]omrotirai fo ni _.O. „„Muolmi
„ „Muolmi fon Duiyis‗‗
Duiyis‗‗
Onijhrifh; Irroidi Khsá Giluon
=.6.:. Guostri
Ol rizýl quo on ostufah so roinaziré i nhs ostufailtos fo fhs pirinonhs fon =orh
JD_ mhl quo muolti ni Alstatumaýl, ni guostri soré kustigolto ni miltafif quo so
ostijnomo phr on ménmunh ostifçstamh mhrrosphlfaolto, y quo so fotinniré i
mhltaluimaýl, fo ni muin so oxtrioré ni alehrgimaýl fo ni olmuosti utanazilfh ni
eýrguni piri minmunir on tigiùh fo ni guostri;
l7 L
O:(L ”9)+9
+9
]agjhnhdçi;
Ni eýrguni mhltaolo;
l Vigiùh fo guostri
L Vigiùh fo ni phjnimaýl
O Orrhr géxagh ifgasajno ?% 7 3,33?
M_IFZH L» :
Guostri L
Ostufailtos 4:
Fhmoltos ?
Sifros fo eiganai 60
Vhtin 9:?
Duiyis‗‗

=?
Fith Shjnimahlin fo Ostufailtos
L 7 9:?
O 7 ?% 7 3,3?
9:?
l 7
(3,3?) :( 9:?”9) + 9
9
9:?
l 7
3,33:?(9:6 )+9
9:?
9:?
l 7
3,=9+9
9:?
l 7
9,=9
9,=9
l 7 1?,69
l 7 1?

=5
Fith Shjnimahlin fo Sifro fo Eiganai
L 7 60
O 7 ?% 7 3,3?
60
l7
(3,3?) :( 60”9)+ 9
9
l 73,33:?60(64)+9
60
l 7
3,99+9
3,99+9
l 7 60
9,99
9,99
l7 6=,:6
l 7 6=
Ni phjnimaýl os ni ifomuifi piri hjtolor ul gokhr rosuntifh, on gasgh quo firé

uli mhgpnoti alehrgimaýl.
=4
M_IFZH L» =
Hporimahlinazimaýl fo nis viraijnos
=.? UIZAIJNO ALFOSOLFAOLVO; Ehrgimaýl fo uli maufifilçi foghmrétami
AVOG] SIZI _LAFIF FO
FOEALAMAÝL MIVODHZA[IMAÝL ALFAMIFHZO] VÁMLAMI] AL]VZ_GOLVH]
ALFAMIFHZO] HJ]OZUIMAÝL
Ehrgir piri ni Foghmrimai. Ni foghmrimai.- ¸On ostufailto mhlhmo
maufifilçi Ehrgis, taphs y on mhlmopth fo
foghmrétami os gum`h vinhros jésamhs. foghmrimai y sus Oltrovasti Muostahlirah Fhmoltos
gés quo alstruar y Ofumimaýl ol ¸Mýgh prhghvor uli pralmapahs

fasmapnalir. Osti foghmrimai. munturi foghmrétami8 eulfigoltinos8
ehrgimaýl oxado uli Nhs forom`hs ¸On ostufailto vinhri
prixas foghmrétami ùgilhs y ni sus sastogis fo Olmuosti Muostahlirah Sifros fo
mhltaluifi fosfo ni Ofumimaýl foghmrimai. ofumimaýl piri Eiganai
ofumimaýl aleiltan phsthjnadithrai. ]astogi fo ofumimaýl diriltazir on trajuth fo
ìsti ni ofumimaýl Sitrai. phsthjnadithrai. rospoth i su eiganai8
phsthjnadithrai y uli Ni Sitrai y luostri ¸Nhs fhmoltos shl Olmuosti Muostahlirah
eulmaýl mhltalui Vrajuth fo `hlhr. afoltafif. idoltos pahlorhs, Ostufailtos
shjro osi prixas piri Nhs ospimahs fo mhgprhgotafhs piri
gokhrirni mhrrodar mhlvavolmai. on ehrtinomagaolth fon
oshs einnhs. On vinhr fo ni piz. soltagaolth8
=0
M_IFZH L» 6
=.5 UIZAIJNO FOSOLFAOLVO; Fosirrhnnh altodrin
AVOG] SIZI _LAFIF FO
FOEALAMAÝL MIVODHZA[IMAÝL ALFAMIFHZO] VÁMLAMI] AL]VZ_GOLVH]
ALFAMIFHZO] HJ]OZUIMAÝL
Os ul prhmosh hraoltifh Lomosafifos Nis lomosafifos ¸Mýgh
i sitaseimor nis gitorainos gitorainos prhghvor
lomosafifos ùgilis, tinnoros fo Olmuosti Muostahlirah Fhmoltos
tilth gitorainos mhgh Lomosafifos Nis lomosafifos rospoth i ni
osparatuinos2 mhl osparatuinos osparatuinos foghmrimai8
ospomain itolmaýl i nis ¸Mýgh ghtavir
lomosafifos lh Fosirrhnnh Fosirrhnnh altodrin fo ni i nhs fhmoltos i
sitaseomìs fo nis porshlinafif. quo ipnaquol nhs Olmuosti Muostahlirah Sifros fo
giyhrçis phjnimahlinos tinnoros ol on Eiganai
mhl jikhs aldroshs, osto ]hmaofif Ni shmaofif.- Onogolths, SOI8
fosirrhnnh fojo surdar mirimtorçstamis. ¸Mýgh vinafir
fo mifi shmaofif, fo Nhs vinhros átamhs, ni prhpuosti quo
sus vinhros y sus Uinhros ostátamhs, ghrinos, heromo on tinnor Olmuosti Muostahlirah
prhyomths piri on ronadahshs y mçvamhs piri su phstorahr Ostufailtos
euturh. foltrh fo ni mhlvavolmai okomumaýl8
shmain.

=1
=.4 AL]VZ_GOLVH] FO ALUO]VADIMAÝL
=.4.9 Vámlamis o alstrugolth
alstrugolthss
Olmuosti.- Osto alstrugolth so fasoùiré ol jiso i ni hporimahlinazimaýl fo nis

viraijnos, ostiré faradafi i nhs ostufailtos, prheoshros y roprosoltiltos.
Oltrovasti.- Osto alstrugolth so fasoùiré ol jiso i ni hporimahlinazimaýl fo nis

viraijnos, ostiré faradafi i nhs Faromtavhs fo ni _lafif Ofumitavi.
=.4.: Srhmofag
Srhmofagaolth
aolth fo nnii alvostadimaýl
On trijikh fo alvostadimaýl so oeomtuiré alamailfh mhl ni prosoltimaýl fon prhyomth

fo Vosas, provaigolto shnamatilfh ni iuthrazimaýl piri roinazirnh foltrh fo ni
_lafif Ofumitavi „Muolmi

„Muolmi fon Duiyis‗ i nis iuthrafifos
iuthrafifos mhrrosphlfaoltos
mhrrosphlfaoltos..
Nuodh ol ni okomumaýl
ok omumaýl fon prhyomth so nnovirél i mijh nis olmuostis piri romhnomtir
ni alehrgimaýl y fiths lomosirahs piri ni
n i rofimmaýl fon alehrgo ealin fo ni tosas.
=.4.= Zomhnommaýl fo alehrgimaýl
]o onadaý piri ni prosolto alvostadimaýl, uli phjnimaýl fo 4: ostufailtos y ni

guostri so fotorgalý prhjijançstamigolt
prhjijançstamigolto.
o.
Muifrh # 6
Hjkoth fo ni Alvostadimaýl Shjnimaýl Guostri
Fhmoltos ? ?
Ostufailtos 4: 1?
Sifros fo eiganai 60 6=
Euolto; ]omrotirai fo ni _.O. „„Muolmi fon Duiyis‗‗
Duiyis‗‗

63
=.4.6 Snil fo romhnommaýl fo ni alehrgimaýl
SZOD_LVI] JÉ]AMI] OPSNAMIMAÝL
9. ¸Siri quá8 Ovinuir mhgphrtigaolths fo nhs ostufailtos

alfavafuingolto y ol druph
:. Fo quá porshlis u Ostufailtos y pifros fo eiganai
hjkoths8
=. ¸]hjro quá ispomths8 Vinnoros fo mipimatimaýl ol foghmrimai
6. ¸Yuaál8 ¸Yuaálos8 Alvostadifhr; Khsá Irroidi Kagloz
?. ¸I quaálos8 I nhs ostufailtos
5. ¸Muélfh8 :391
:391 ”
” :3:3
:3:3
4. ¸Fýlfo8 Ol ni _lafif Ofumitavi „Muolmi fon

Duiyis‗ ujamifi ol ni Sirrhquai Viraei ”
Viraei ”
]igjhrhlfýl
0. ¸Muéltis vomos8 _li voz in gos furilto on iùh :391 ”
:391 ” :3:3
:3:3
1. ¸Mýgh8 Fo ehrgi alfavafuin
93. ¸Yuá támlami

támlamiss fo - Vámlamis drupinos ipnamifis
romhnommaýl8 - Hjsorvimaýl
- Oltrovasti
- Olmuostis
99. ¸Mhl quá8 Nasti fo mhtokh, osminis, mégiri ehthdréeami
69
=.4.?.- Snil fo prhmosigaolth fo ni alehrgimaýl
Fotorgalimaýl fo uli Jûsquofi fo Zomhpanimaýl fo fiths y Foealamaýl y Sniltoigaolth fo

satuimaýl alehrgimaýl ilénasas ehrgunimaýl shnumahlos
Gofailto ni oltrovasti I pirtar fo quo so Gofailto ni alehrgimaýl _li voz mhgprhjifh quo Nhs tinnoros fo
quo so roinazý i ni mhlhmaý on prhjnogi quo quo so hjtuvh imormi fo ni mirolmai fo ul mipimatimaýl ol
Faromthri fo ni tolçil nhs altodriltos fo nhs tinnoros fo prhyomth ijaorth fo foghmrimai faradafi i nhs
Alstatumaýl so fotorgalý ni Alstatumaýl so prhmofaý mipimatimaýl ol pirtamapimaýl y fo ofumilfhs y ofumilfis
quo ni foghmrimai ol i jusmir alehrgimaýl foghmrimai, so roinazirhl altodrimaýl ol nhs sorél fo vatin agphrtilmai
ehrgi alfaromti ni gofailto irtçmunhs, olmuostis, oltrovastis, so prhmoshs ofumitavhs piri giltolor uli
ipnamil nhs fhmoltos y rovastis, pédalis woj, thgirhl ipultos ol on hmisahli i quo nhs ehrgimaýl imifágami
quo fo gilori agpnçmati najrhs, otm., imormi fo nis fairah fo migph, ostufailtos toldil jikh altodrin y ul inth lavon fo
nhs pifros fo eiganai ni miusis y oeomths quo muiforlh fo lhtis, nhs lavon fo prhtidhlasgh, so prhtidhlasgh. Os phr osh
ogpnoil piri sus àkhs prhfumçi osto eolýgolh. gasghs quo so utanazirhl ogpozý i roinazir nis quo so prhphlo okomutir
ol ni ehrgimaýl shmain Ifogés so fainhdý mhl ni piri ilinazir ni prhpuosti fastaltis alvostadimahlos osto prhyomth ol
foltrh fo ni _lafif mhgulafif ofumitavi quo so tolçi piri mhl nhs fhmoltos joloeamah fo nhs
Ofumitavi „Mu
„Muolmi
olmi fon piri voraeamir ni satuimaýl shnumahlir osti ostufailtos, y pifros fo ofumilfhs fo ni _lafif
Duiyis‗.
Duiyis‗. fo mifi uli fo nis pirtos. prhjnogétami. eiganai piri nhdrir on Ofumitavi „Muolmi
fosirrhnnh shmain. fon Duiyis‗.
Duiyis‗.
6:
=.0 ILÉNA]A] FON I]SOMVH M_ILVAVIVAUH O ALVOZSZOVIMAÝL

FO ZO]_NVIFH]
OLM_O]VI I NH] O]V_FAILVO] FON, FO NI _LAFIF OF_MIVAUI

„M_OLMI FON D_IQI]‗
9. ¸Vaolos mhlhmagaolth
mhlhmagaolth fo quá os ni foghmrimai8
Muifrh ?
Mitodhrçi Miltafif Shrmoltiko

]A 9= 90
LH ?1 0:
Vhtin 4: 933

Duiyis‗‗
Dréeamh 9
9. Mhlhmol quá os ni foghmrimai
foghmrimai
]A
L

0:

90

Ilénasas o altorprotimaýl
a ltorprotimaýl fo rosuntifhs; On 90% fo nhs olmuostifhs gilaeostirhl
quo ]A mhlhmol quo os foghmrimai y on 0:% quo LH. Os lomosirah quo nhs
ostufailtos ifquaoril on mhlhmagaolth fo foghmrimai y sus prhmoshs piri su
fosirrhnnh altodrin.
6=
:. ¸Mhlsaforis lomosirah ni mipimatimaýl mhlstilto fon ostufailtifh ol nh

roeorolto i nis prémtamis foghmrétamis foltrh y euori fon pnilton8
Muifrh 5

]A 5? 13
LH 4 93
Vhtin 4: 933
Duiyis‗‗
Dréeamh :
:. Os lomosirah ni mipimatimaýl ol
foghmrimai fon ostufailtifh
]A
LH
13

93%
Ilénasas o altorprotimaýl fo rosuntifhs; In mhlsuntir, imormi fo ni lomosafif fo

uli mipimatimaýl mhlstilto fon ostufail
ostufailtifh
tifh ol nh roeorolto
roeorolto i nis prémtamis
foghmrétamis foltrh y euori fon pnilton, nhs ostufailtos rosphlfaorhl on 13% quo
]A y on 93% rostilto quo LH. Shr nh mhlsaduaolto os prahratirah ipnamir tinnoros fo
mipimatimaýl ol foghmrimai.
66
=. ¸@i pirtamapifh ol nhs prhdrigis fon Mhlsokh Ostufailtan ol on pnilton h on

iuni8
Muifrh 4

]A 4 93
LH 5? 13
Vhtin 4: 933
Duiyis‗‗
Dréeamh =
=. @i pirtamapifh ol nhs
prhdrigis
prhdrig is fon Mhlsokh
Ostufailtan
]A
LH
13

93%
a ltorprotimaýl fo rosuntifhs; Nhs ostufailtos ol nhs sastogis fo
pirtamapimaýl ol nhs prhdrigis fon Mhlsokh Ostufailtan ol on pnilton h ol on iuni
mhltostirhl, on 13% quo LH pirtamapil y on 93% rostilto quo ]A. Os alfaspolsijno
quo so ehrtinozmi on soltagaolth fo pirtamapimaýl maufifili-ostufailtan gofailto on
fosirrhnnh fo tinnoros ol foghmrimai.
6?
6. ¸Mýgh mhlsaforis nhs lavonos foghstrifhs phr nhs fhmoltos y iuthrafifos

fon pnilton ol on okormamah fo prémtamis foghmrétamis foltrh fo su immahlir
prheosahlin8
Muifrh 0

Inth ?3 51
Gofah 9: 94
Jikh 93 96
Vhtin 4: 933

Duiyis‗‗
Dréeamh 6
6. Lavonos fo foghstrimaýl
foghstrimaýl ol
prémtamis foghmrétamis fo fhmoltos
y iuthrafifos
Inth
Gofah
Jikh
96

94

51

Ilénasas o altorprotimaýl fo rosuntifhs; In alfidir nhs lavonos foghstrifhs phr
nhs fhmoltos y iuthrafifos fon pnilton ol on okormamah fo prémtamis foghmrétamis

foltrh su immahlir prheosahlin, nhs ostufailtos rosphlfaorhl
rosphlfaorhl on 51% quo os INVH,
on 94% quo os GOFAH y on 96% rostilto quo os JIKH. Ilto on phtolmain fo
pirtamapimaýl fo nis iuthrafifos, nhs os
ostufailtos
tufailtos fojol sor roimtavhs
roimtavhs foghstrilfh
sus prémtamis foghmrétamis.
65
?. ¸On pnilton prhpamai uli pirtamapimaýl imtavi fo gáthfhs foghmrétamhs ol

on ostufail
ostufailtifh8
tifh8
Muifrh 1
Gum`h ? 4
Shmh 94 :6
Lifi ?3 51
Vhtin 4: 933

Duiyis‗‗
Dréeamh ?
?. Sirtamapimaýl fo ostufailtos ol
foghmrimai
Gum`h
Shmh
Lifi
4

:6

51

Ilénasas o altorprotimaýl fo rosuntifhs; In mhlsuntir i nhs ostufailtos shjro sa on

pnilton prhpamai uli pirtamapimaýl imtavi fo gáthfhs foghmrétamhs ol on
ostufailtifh, gilaeostirhl on 4% quo os G_M@H, on 51% quo LIFI, y on :6%

rostilto quo os SHMH. Os alfaspolsijno quo ol ni alstatumaýl so eimanato gáthfhs
foghmrétamhs piri ni mhlvavolmai
mhlvavolmai fo nhs ofumilfhs y ofumilfis.
64
5. ¸Mhlsaforis agphrtilto
agphrtilto ni pirtamapimaýl fo nhs ostufailtos ol ni thgi fo
fomasahlos ol on pnilton8
Muifrh 93

Gum`h 60 54
Shmh 9: 95
Lifi 9: 94
Vhtin 4: 933

Duiyis‗‗
Dréeamh 5
5. Agphrtilmai fo ni pirtamapimaýl
fo nhs ostufailtos
Gum`h
Shmh
Lifi
94%
95
%
54
%
Ilénasas o altorprotimaýl fo rosuntifhs; In produltirnos i nhs ostufailtos sa su

pirtamapimaýl os agphrtilto ol ni thgi fo fomasahlos ol on pnilton gilaeostirhl
quo G_M@H, ol ul rildh fon 54%, quo SHMH on 95% y on 94% quo L
LIFI.
IFI. Siri
ehrtinomor on lavon fo altorvolmaýl fon ofumilfh so ìmo lomosirah fosirrhnnir
tinnoros ol foghmrim
foghmrimai.
ai.
60
4. ¸Mhlsafori
¸Mhlsaforiss lomosirah ni mroimaýl fo ospimahs fo mhlvavolmai piri uli
prémtami foghmrétami foltrh fon pnilton8
Muifrh 99

]A 96 91
LH ?0 09
Vhtin 4: 933

Duiyis‗‗
Dréeamh 4
4. Mroimaýl fo ospimahs fo
mhlvavolmai piri prémtami fo ni
foghmrimai
]A
LH
91%
09%
Ilénasas o altorprotimaýl fo rosuntifhs; In produltirno i nhs ostufailtos imormi
fo ni lomosafif fo mroir ospimahs fo mhlvavolmai piri dostahlir uli prémtami

foghmrétami foltrh fon pnilton, rosphlfaorhl on 91% quo ]A2 gaoltris quo on 09%
rostilto quo LH. On ostijnomagaolth in mhltir mhl ospimahs fo mhlvavolmai, fojo i
pirtar fon alvostadifhr ehgoltir
ehgoltir imtavafifo
imtavafifoss faligazifhris.
61
0. ¸On okormamah fo prémtamis foghmrétamis mhltrajuyol

mhltrajuyol i nnii ehrgimaýl fo uli
mhlmaolmai maufifili
maufifili roenoxavi y mrçtami8
Muifrh 9:

]A = 6
LH 51 15
Vhtin 4: 933
Duiyis‗‗
Dréeamh 0
0. Nis prémtamis foghmrétamis

foghmrétamis
mhltrajuyol i ni ehrgimaýl fo
mhlmaolmais
]A
L
15

6

Ilénasas o altorprotimaýl fo rosuntifhs; In alfidir sa on okormamah fo prémtamis

foghmrétamis mhltrajuyol i ni ehrgimaýl fo uli mhlmaolmai maufifili roenoxavi y
mrçtami, nhs ostufailtos ieargirhl quo LH on 6% y on 15% quo ]A. ]o romhgaolfi
roshnvor immahlos iutýlhgis piri ehrtinomor ni mhlmaolmai maufifili.
?3
1.
¸Nis prémtamis foghmrétamis ol on pnilton eivhromol uli oeomtavi
mhlvavolmai osmhnir8
Muifrh 9=

]A 55 0
LH 5 1:
Vhtin 4: 933
Duiyis‗‗
Dréeamh 1
1. Srémtamis foghmrétamis quo

eivhromol ni mhlvavolmai
]A
L
1:

0

Ilénasas o altorprotimaýl fo rosuntifhs; In mhlsuntir i nhs ostufailtos rospomth i

quo nis prémtamis foghmrétamis ol on pnilton eivhromol uli oeomtavi mhlvavolmai
osmhnir, rosphlfaorhl quo os ]A on 1:%, y on 0% quo LH. Ol mhlsomuolmai sç os

eimtajno quo nhs tinnoros fo ehrgimaýl fo uli maufifilçi
ma ufifilçi foghmrétami so prhpidu
prhpiduol
ol
mhgh gofafi fo mhlvavolmai piri phtolmair on fosirrhnnh altodrin fon ostufailto
Mirroralh.
?9
OLM_O]VI I NH] SIFZO] FO EIGANAI FON, FO NI _LAFIF

OF_MIVAUI „M_OLMI FON D_IQI]‗
Muifrh 96

]A ? :5
LH 6= 46
Vhtin 60 933
Duiyis‗‗
Dréeamh 93
9. Mhlhmol quá os ni foghmrimai

foghmrimai
]A
LH
46

:5

a ltorprotimaýl fo rosuntifhs; On :5% fo nhs olmuostifhs gilaeostirhl
gilaeostirhl
quo ]A mhlhmol quo os foghmrimai y on 46% quo LH. Nhs pifros fo eiganai ol su
giyhrçi lh mhlhmol shjro ni foghmrima
foghmrimaii y sus prhmoshs. Ol mhlsomuolma
mhlsomuolmaii os
lomosirah shmainazir tinnoros fon togi.
?:
:. ¸Mhlsafori lomosirah ni mipimatimaýl mhlstilto

mhlstilto fon ostu
ostufailtifh
failtifh ol nh
Muifrh 9?
]A 60 933
LH 3 3
Vhtin 60 933
Duiyis‗‗
Dréeamh 99
:. Lomosafif fo mipimatir in
ostufailto ol foghmrimai
foghmrimai
]A
LH
933%
?3
3%
Ilénasas o altorprotimaýl fo rosuntifhs; In mhlsuntir, imormi fo ni lomosafif fo

uli mipimatimaýl mhlstilto fon ostufail
ostufailtifh
tifh ol nh roeorolto
roeorolto i nis prémtamis
foghmrétamis fol
foltrh
trh y euori fon pnilton, nhs pifros fo eiganai rosphlfaorhl on
933% quo ]A. Os uli pruoji alfasmutajno piri ogprolfor osquogis fo
pirtamapimaýl maufifili
maufifili foltrh fon ostijnomagaolth
ostijnomagaolth ofumit
ofumitavh,
avh, piri on fosirrhnnh
fosirrhnnh
altodrin fo sus altodriltos.
?=
=. ¸@i pirtamapifh ol nhs prhdrigis fon Mhlsokh Ostufailtan ol on pnilton h on

iuni8
Muifrh 95

]A 64 10
LH 9 :
Vhtin 60 933
Duiyis‗‗
Dréeamh 9:
=. Sifros quo pirtamapil ol

prhdrigis fon Mhlsokh
Ostufailtan
]A
LH
:%
10%
Ilénasas o altorprotimaýl fo rosuntifhs; Nhs pifros fo eiganai mhltostirhl in

produltirno imormi fo su pirtamapimaýl
pirtamapimaýl ol induli alstilmai
alstilmai faromtavi, on 10% quo ]A
y on :% rostilto quo LH. Os uli gofafi guy mhlsaforijno piri quo nhs pifros fo
eiganai so mhgprhgotil i ehrtinomor on soltagaolth fo pirtamapimaýl fo sus
roprosoltifhs ol nhs prhdrigis fon Mhlsokh Ostufailtan.
?6
6. ¸Mýgh mhlsaforis nhs lavonos foghstrifhs phr nhs fhmoltos y iuthrafifos

fon pnilton ol on okormamah fo prémtamis foghmrétamis foltrh fo su immahlir
prheosahlin8
Muifrh 94

Inth =3 51
Gofah 9: 94
Jikh 5 96
Vhtin 60 933

Duiyis‗‗
Dréeamh 9=
6. Lavonos foghstrifhs phr

fhmoltos y iuthrafifos ol
prémtamis foghmrétamis
Inth
Gofah
9= Jikh

:?
5:

Ilénasas o altorprotimaýl fo rosuntifhs; In alfidir nhs lavonos foghstrifhs phr

nhs fhmoltos y iuthrafifos fon pnilton ol on okormamah fo prémtamis foghmrétamis
foltrh fo su immahlir prheosahlin, nhs pifros fo eiganai rosphlfaorhl quo on 5:%
os INVH, on :?% os GOFAH y on 9=% rostilto os JIKH. Ni prixas foghstrifi
phr nhs ofumifhros fojo diriltazir uli mhlstilto ghtavimaýl i quo on fasmolto
imtûo.
??
?. ¸On
pnilton prhpamai uli pirtamapimaýl imtavi fo gáthfhs foghmrétamhs ol
on ostufail
ostufailtifh8
tifh8
Muifrh 90
Gum`h =? 4=
Shmh 9: :?
Lifi 9 :
Vhtin 60 933

Duiyis‗‗
Dréeamh 96
?. Lavon fo dostaýl fon pnilton ol

gáthfhs foghmrétamhs
Gum`h
Shmh
: Lifi

:?

4=

Ilénasas o altorprotimaýl fo rosuntifhs; In mhlsuntir i nhs pifros fo eiganai ol

nh quo so roeaoro i quo sa on pnilton prhpamai uli pirtamapimaýl imtavi fo gáthfhs
foghmrétamhs ol on ostufailtifh, gilaeostirhl on 4=% quo os G_M@H, SHMH ol
ul rildh fon :?% , y on :% rostilto LIFI mhlsaforirhl. ]al ogjirdh ol on
pnilton ìy miro
mirolmai
lmai fo ul :?% fo llhh prhpamair gáthfhs fo pirtamapimaýl ol
foghmrimai, phr nh quo oxasto ni lomosafif fo itolfor i fotorgalifh somthr.
?5
5. ¸Mhlsaforis agphrtilto
agphrtilto ni pirtamapimaýl fo nhs ostufailtos ol ni thgi fo
fomasahlos fon pnilton8
Muifrh 91

Gum`h =? 4=
Shmh ? 93
Lifi 0 94
Vhtin 60 933

Duiyis‗‗
Dréeamh 9?
5. Sirtamapimaýl fo ostufailtos ol
ni thgi fo fomasahlos
Gum`h
Shmh
Lifi
94

93

4=

Ilénasas o altorprotimaýl fo rosuntifhs; Nhs pifros fo eiganai in produltirnos sa

ni agphrtilmai fo ni pirtamapimaýl fo nhs ostufailtos ol ni thgi fo fomasahlos fon
pnilton os agphrtilto, gilaeostirhl quo G_M@H on 4=%, quo SHMH on 93% y on
94% quo LIFI. Os ul alfamifhr quo porgato in alvostadifhr ol pnilaeamir
prhdrigis fo pirtamapimaýl piri pifros fo ni _lafif Ofumitavi „Mirrori ]élmòz
Jrulh‗.
Jrulh‗.
?4
4. ¸Mhlsafori
¸Mhlsaforiss lomosirah ni
mroimaýl fo ospimahs fo mhlvavolmai piri uli
prémtami foghmrétami foltrh fon pnilton8
Muifrh :3

]A =1 91
LH 1 09
Vhtin 60 933

Duiyis‗‗
Dréeamh 95
4. Lomosafif fo mroir ospimahs fo

mhlvavolmai ol on pnilton
]A
LH
91%
09%
Ilénasas o altorprotimaýl fo rosuntifhs; In produltirno i nhs pifros fo eiganai

mormi fo ni lomosafif fo mroir ospimahs fo mhlvavolmai piri uli prémtami
foghmrétami foltrh fon pnilton, rosphlfaorhl on 91% quo ]A2 gaoltris quo on 09%
rostilto quo LH. On ostijnomagaolth sç muolti mhl ospimahs fo mhlvavolmai, phr nh
tilth so ox`hrti i nhs pifros i quo utana
utanamol
mol nhs ospimahs yi ostijnomafhs.
?0
0. ¸On
okormamah fo prémtamis foghmrétamis mhltrajuyol i ni ehrgimaýl fo uli
maufifili roenoxavi y mratami8
Muifrh :9

]A 6? 16
LH = 5
Vhtin 60 933
Duiyis‗‗
Dréeamh 94
0. Lavon fo prémtamis foghmrétamis

quo mhltrajuyol i ni ehrgimaýl
]A
LH
16

5

Ilénasas o altorprotimaýl fo rosuntifhs; In alfidir sa on okormamah fo prémtamis

foghmrétamis mhltrajuyol i ni ehrgimaýl fo uli mhlmaolmai maufifili roenoxavi y
mratami, nhs pifros fo eiganai ieargirhl quo ]A on 16% y on 5% quo LH. Ehgoltir
mhlmaolmais roenoxavis y mrçtamis, iyufiré i quo nis porshlis ogatil rizhligaolths
mhlstrumtavhs quo diriltamol on fosirrhnnh altodrin y ni ovhnumaýl fon iprolfaziko
sadlaeamitavh.
?1
1.
¸Nis prémtamis foghmrétamis ol on pnilton eivhromol uli oeomtavi
mhlvavolmai osmhnir8
Muifrh ::

]A 63 0=
LH 0 94
Vhtin 60 933
Euolto; ]omrotirai fo ni _.O. „„Muolmi fon Duiyis‗‗
Duiyis‗‗
Dréeamh 90
93. Lavon fo prémtami fo ni

foghmrimai quo eivhromo ni
mhlvavolmai osmhnir
]A
L

0=

94

Ilénasas o altorprotimaýl fo rosuntifhs; In mhlsuntir i nhs pifros fo eiganai

rospomth i quo nis prémtamis foghmrétamis ol on pnilton eivhromol uli oeomtavi
mhlvavolmai osmhnir, rosphlfaorhl quo ]A on 0=%, y on 94% quo LH. ]o pniltoi ni
lomosafif fo porollazir immahlos foghmrétamis piri quo nhs lavonos fo
fosmhleailzi suporol phsatavigolto
phsatavigolto y so trilsehrgol ol ehrtinozis fo fosirrhnnh
altodrin.
53
OLVZOUA]VI I NH] FHMOLVO] FON ÉZOI FO MAOLMAI] ]HMAINO] FO

NI _LAFIF OF_MIVAUI
OF_MIVAUI „M_OLMI FON D_IQI]‗
FIVH] ALEHZGIVAUH]
Iponnafhs; Irroidi Kagáloz Lhgjros; Khsá Giluon
Mirdh quo fosogpoùi ol ni Alstatumaýl Ofumitavi; Fhmolto fo Maolmais ]hmainos
]ç, puos mhlsaforh quo ni foghmrimai os on phfor quo taolo on puojnh piri
onodar i sus nçforos
nç foros h roprosoltiltos.
:. ¸Mhlsafori lomosirah ni mipimatimaýl mhlstilto fo nhs fhmoltos ol nh

Os lomosirah quo ni mipimatimaýl mhlstilto ol prémtamis foghmrétamis piri
lhshtrhs mhgh fhmoltos saogpro so fosirrhnno foltrh fon pnilton, piri ghtavir
i luostrhs ostufailtos quo fosmhlhmol fo ásths prhmoshs.
=. ¸@i pirtamapifh ol nhs prhdrigis fon Mhlsokh Ostufailtan ol on pnilton8
]aogpro ò pirtamapifh ol minafif fo Isoshri piri nis onommahlos fon Mhlsokh
Ostufailtan y tigjaál mhgh hraoltifhri fo nhs prh
prhyomths
yomths ofumitavhs
ofumitavhs..
6. ¸Mýgh mhlsaforis nhs lavonos foghstrifhs phr nis iuthrafifos fon pnilton
ol on okormamah fo prémtamis foghmrétamis foltrh fo su immahlir
prheosahlin8
Nis iuthrafifos fon pnilton primtamil ni foghmrimai i pirtar fon okogpnh quo so
lomosati heromor i nhs ostufailtos, iulquo ol maortis marmulstilmais erimisi ni
mhgulamimaýl piri ni thgi fo fomasahlos
fomasahlos..

on ostufailtifh8 ¸Fo quá ehrgi8
]ç, gofailto on fosirrhnnh fo mhleorolmais quo so roinazil ol ni alstatumaýl.
59
5. ¸Mhlsaforis agphrtilto ni pirtamapimaýl fo nhs ostufailtos ol ni thgi fo

fomasahlos fon pnilton8 ¸Shr quá8
]ç os agphrtilto ni pirtamapimaýl fo nhs ostufailtos ol ni thgi fo fomasahlos
fon pnilton, phrquo fo imuorfh i nis lhrgitavis nodinos so romhgaolfi i quo so
mhlsaforo on prhtidhlasgh fo luostrhs
luo strhs ofumilfhs.
4. ¸Mhlsaforis lomosirah ni mroimaýl fo ospimahs fo mhlvavolmai piri uli

prémtami foghmrétami ol on pnilton8
Luostrh pnilton phsoo ul igpnah ospimah piri oxporagoltir égjaths fo

foghmrimai. Mhlsaforh quo nh gés agphrtilto os quo nhs fhmoltos fo mifi
éroi, utanamol osto romursh piri ehrtinomor on sastogi fo mhlvavolmai shmain
diriltazilfh on jaolostir mhnomtavh.
0. ¸On okormamah fo prémtamis foghmrétamis mhltrajuyol i ni ehrgimaýl fo uli

maufifili roenoxavi y mrçtami8 Eulfigolto su rospuosti.
Vhfh prhyomth fo prémtamis ol foghmrimai saogpro diriltaziré ni ehrgimaýl fo
uli mhlmaolmai maufifili roenoxavi y mrçtami. Fon 933% fo ostufailtos ol ni
alstatumaýl, ul 63% ehrtinomol sus mhlmaolmais pirtamapilfh ol ni
mhlehrgimaýl fo nhs Mhlsokhs fo Iuni y Mhlsokh Ostufailtan, ol ni quo onnhs
oxprosil sus prhpuostis fo trijikh piri diriltazir on fosirrhnnh fon pnilton.
1. ¸Nis prémtamis foghmrétamis ol on pnilton eivhromol uli oeomtavi

mhlvavolmai osmhnir8 Eulfigolto su rospuosti.
Alfasmutajnogolto nis prémtamis foghmrétamis prhguovol ni mhlvavolmai fo nhs
osmhniros. Osth so puofo ovafolmair muilfh so roinazil migpiùis fo onommahlos
on ommahlos
piri Mhlsokh fo Iuni
Iuni y Mhlsokh Ostuf
Ostufailtan.
ailtan. Sorh mijo rominmir
rominmir quo ul 53% ffoo
ostufailtos lh no prhfadil ni agphrtilmai quo roquaorol osths imths fo

foghmrimai.
5:
FIVH] ALEHZGIVAUH]
Iponnafhs; Jrivh Lhgjros; Kilot
Mirdh quo fosogpoùi ol ni Alstatumaýl Ofumitavi; Srheoshr fo Zoinafif Limahlin,

Mçvami, @asthrai Dolorin.
9. ¸Vaolos mhlhmagaolth fo quá os ni foghmrimai8

Ieargitavh, puos so ìjni fo ul prhmosh fo ipnamimahlos fo luostris imtatufos.
:. ¸Mhlsafori lomosirah ni mipimatimaýl mhlstilto fo nhs fhmoltos ol nh

Fosfo ga pulth fo vasti thfhs nhs fhmoltos òghs safh mipimatifhs fosfo
luostri ehrgimaýl imifágami ol foghmrimai, puos lifao lhs ì oxadafh i quo
ostufaoghs fotorgalifis mirroris. Ni ûlami faeorolmai rifami ol quo lh thfhs
ipnamighs sus pralmapahs ol on mhlvavar fo luostri prheosaýl mhl nhs
ostufailtos. Fosfo i`ç sa os lomosirah uli ghtavimaýl piri ìmor prémtami fo ni
foghmrimai ol luostrhs ostufailtos.
=. ¸@i pirtamapifh ol nhs prhdrigis fon Mhlsokh Ostufailtan ol on pnilton8
Fo gilori faromti lh, fojafh i quo mhgh Alspomthr fo mursh toldh gas
nagatimahlos. Sorh ò mhltrajuafh ol on fosirrhnnh fo nhs mhgamahs piri on
Mhlsokh Ostufailtan y fogés dostahlos roeoroltos in togi.
6. ¸Mýgh mhlsaforis nhs lavonos foghstrifhs phr nis iuthrafifos fon pnilton
ol on okormamah fo prémtamis foghmrétamis foltrh fo su immahlir
prheosahlin8
Nis iuthrafifos fon pnilton primtamil ni foghmrimai ol ul lavon guy imoptijno.
Suos mhlsaforh quo onnhs shl nhs nnigifhs kulth i nhs fhmoltos i quo soighs
nhs okogpnhs fo vafi piri luostrhs ofumilfhs.
ofumilfhs. Ifogés shl nis Iuthrafifos nis
quo so olmirdil fo hrdilazir nhs imths fo onommahlos y htrhs prhyomths fo
pirtamapimaýl piri quo nhs ostufailtos foguostrol sus imtatufos ol on fosirrhnnh
fo fotorgalifhs prhyomths.
5=

on ostufailtifh8 ¸Fo quá ehrgi8
]ç, muilfh nhs ostufailtos ol mifi nulos mçvamh oxprosil sus soltagaolths
gofailto on fosirrhnnh fo mhleorolmais y fogés oxprosahlos fo najortif.
5. ¸Mhlsaforis agphrtilto ni pirtamapimaýl fo nhs ostufailtos ol ni thgi fo

fomasahlos fon pnilton8 ¸Shr quá8
Os agphrtilto quo nhs ostufailtos thgol fomasahlos noinos h kustis piri on
jaolostir fo luostri alstatumaýl, phrquo fo osi gilori so ostirçi ehrtinomaolfh

ni mhlvavolmai shmain. ]al ogjirdh ol luostri alstatumaýl oxastol ofumilfhs
quo proeaorol htri thgi fo fomasahlos quo lh diriltazil prhdrosh piri on
pnilton.
4. ¸Mhlsaforis lomosirah ni mroimaýl fo ospimahs fo mhlvavolmai piri uli

prémtami foghmrétami ol on pnilton8
Fosfo ga pulth fo vasti mhlsaforh quo thfhs nhs fhmoltos fojoghs
mhgprhgotorlhs i quo ol on fosirrhnnh fo luostris mnisos so prhpamao ul
igjaolto fo foghmrimai y faligasgh piri quo luostrhs ofumilfhs y
ofumilfis mhlvavil najrogolto ol on fosirrhnnh fo su mroitavafif y ol ni thgi
fo fomasahlos eivhrijnos.
0. ¸On okormamah fo prémtamis foghmrétamis mhltrajuyol i ni ehrgimaýl fo uli

maufifili roenoxavi y mrçtami8 Eulfigolto su rospuosti.
Ni foghmrimai mhgh tin porgato ni ehrgimaýl fo uli mhlmaolmai roenoxavi y
mrçtami ol on sor ùgilh. Osth so eulfigolti muilfh foltrh fo ul prhmosh fo
onommahlos, nhs maufifilhs osmumìl nis prhpuostis fo nhs milfafiths y foltrh
fo oso girmh roinazil ul fasmorlagaolth piri onodar i su roprosoltilto.
1. ¸Nis prémtamis foghmrétamis ol on pnilton eivhromol uli oeomtavi

mhlvavolmai osmhnir8 Eulfigolto su rospuosti.
]ç, phrquo so alvati i quo on ostufailto oxproso sus imtatufos y iptatufos.
56
=.1 MHLMN_]AHLO] Q ZOMHGOLFIMAHLO]
=.1.9 MHLMN_]AHLO]
 Nhs ostufailtos taolol uli mirolmai fo ofumimaýl quo lh mhalmafo mhl nis
oxadolmais fon gulfh imtuin ol on ehgolth fo ni foghmrimai mhgh oko
trilsvorsin foltrh fon prhmosh fo olsoùilzi-iprolfaziko, fojafh i quo so vaolo
filfh uli mrasas dolorinazifi fo vinhros ofumitavhs.
Nhs fhmoltos fo ni Alstatumaýl taolol ul lavon fo mhlhmagaolth guy ifomuifh


ol foghmrimai, quo nos porgato mugpnar mhl sus imtavafifos imifágamis. ]al
ogjirdh ni ehrgimaýl imifágami fo prheosahlinos fo ni alstatumaýl ol htris
érois lh iealos i ni prixas fo ni pofidhdçi y i ni ofumimaýl fo foghmrimai,
agpafol on vorfiforh hjkotavh fon fosirrhnnh fo ni foghmrimai ol on pnilton.
 Nhs ostufailtos lh mhlhmol ni agphrtilmai quo taolo on ogpnoh fo ni

foghmrimai ol on prhmosh fo olsoùilzi-iprolfaziko, phr marmulstilmais fo
soltarso alenuolmaifhs ilto ghfasghs altorlhs y oxtorlhs quo fotomtifhs mhgh
igolizis y fojanafifos, arrugpol ol sus aldoluis mhlmaolmais,
mirimtorazélfhsoo uli digi fo mhlenamths foltrh fo ni alstatumaýl.
mirimtorazélfhs
Nhs fhmoltos quo gisaeamil nhs mhlhmagaolths ol foghmrimai shl nhs fon éroi

fo maolmais shmainos, quo nis ogpnoil ol on fosirrhnnh fo sus mnisos. Ol migjah

nhs fhmoltos fo htris érois nos einti iyufir ol osto prhmosh, fojafh i nis
mirimtorçstamis pralmapinos alòroltos in ispomth maoltçeamh y oxporagoltin.
Nhs ospimahs fo mhlvavolmai ol ni alstatumaýl shl guy eivhrijnos piri quo on


ofumilfh y ofumilfi fosirrhnno altodringolto su ehrgimaýl. ]al ogjirdh ul

fotorgalifh oquaph fo fhmoltos fo htris érois lh altorimtûil mhl nhs
fasmoltos phr ni agphrtilmai quo nos valmunil i sus prhdrigis provaigolto
ostijnomafhs piri su okomumaýl.
5?
=.1.: ZOMHGOLFIMAHLO]
Ehgoltir ol nhs ostufailtos uli ofumimaýl imhrfo mhl nis oxadolmais fon

gulfh imtuin mhl ni foghmrimai mhgh oko trilsvorsin fon prhmosh fo

olsoùilzi-iprolfaziko,
olsoùilzi-iprolfaziko, mhl on eal fo ostijnomor nhs vinhros jésamhs fo najortif,
aduinfif y eritorlafif, lomosirahs piri giltolor uli mhlvavolmai shmain.
Ghtavir i nhs fhmoltos fo ni Alstatumaýl i imtuinazirso mhlstiltogolto piri


nhdrir ul lavon fo mhlhmagaolth ifomuifh ol pirtamapimaýl foghmrétami, quo

eimanatol on fosirrhnnh fo sus imtavafifos imifágamis y shmainos ol ul igjaolto
sal rostrammahlos.
Almoltavir i nhs ostufailtos i rosintir ni agphrtilmai quo taolo on ogpnoh fo ni


foghmrimai, ol on prhmosh fo olsoùilzi-iprolfaziko, gofailto fosirrhnnh fo

imtavafifos ghtavifhris y mroitavis fo mirémtor shmain, quo alsparo ol nhs
ostufailtos rospoth i nis lhrgis fo mhlvavolmai.
 Nhs fhmoltos fon éroi fo maolmais shmainos, fojol almoltavir i nhs fogés i
ogpnoir nhs mhlhmagaolths ol foghmrimai ol on fosirrhnnh fo sus mnisos,
ehrgilfh ostufailtos mhl uli ofumimaýl altodrin, ùgilçstami, maoltçeami y
pahlori ìmai on fosirrhnnh
fosirrhnnh fo su porshlinafif.
porshlinafif.
 Ostijnomor ni ipnamimaýl fo ni foghmrimai foltrh fon prhmosh olsoùilzi-

iprolfaziko, gofailto ni hrdilazimaýl fo ehrhs, eorais fo oxphsamaýl fo
tinolths, oltro htrhs, mhl on eal fo ehrgir ostufailtos mipimatifhs piri iphrtir
in fosirrhnnh fo su prhvalmai y fon piçs.
 Mipimatir i nhs ostufailtos y fhmoltos fo ni alstatumaýl ol foghmrimai, piri

ipnamir osths mhlhmagaolths ol on prhmosh fo olsoùilzi-iprolfaziko
gokhrilfh ni ehrgimaýl imifágami fo nhs ostufailtos y su prhyomth fo vafi ol
ni quo agporol nhs vinhros fo najortif, aduinfif y eritorlafif.
55
MISÇV_NH AU
NI SZHS_O]VI
6.9 VÇV_NH
VINNOZO] FO MISIMAVIMAÝL OL FOGHMZIMAI SIZI ON

FO]IZZHNNH ALVODZIN Q EHZVINOMAGAOLVH FON SZHMO]H FO
OL]OÙIL[I ” ISZOLFA[IKO FAZADAFH I NH] O]V_FAILVO] FO NI
_LAFIF OF_MIVAUI M_OLMI FON D_IQI], SOZAHFH

SOZAHFH NOMVAUH :3
:391
91
” :3:3.
:3:3.
6.: ILVOMOFOLVO] FO NI SZHS_O]VI
Ni foghmrimai ifogés fo uli ehrgi fo dhjaorlh, os uli ehrgi fo vafi quo

lomosati quo nis porshlis imtûol fo imuorfh mhl maorths vinhros. Sorh, ¸Yuá shl
nhs vinhros82 shl ul mhlkulth fo mirimtorçstamis quo lhs ìmol mhgphrtirlhs fo
maorti gilori mhl nhs fogés, phrquo ostighs mhlvolmafhs quo isç fojo sor. Nhs
vinhros lh surdol fo ni lifi, shl rosuntifhs fo nhs migjahs quo suerol nis
shmaofifos i trivás fon taogph.
Nhs vinhros jésamhs fo ni foghmrimai shl; ni najortif, ni aduinfif y ni eritorlafif.

¸Shr quá8, phrquo shl lomosirahs piri giltolor on oquanajrah y piri prhpamair uli
juoli mhlvavol
mhlvavolmai
mai oltro nhs gaogjrhs fo uli shmaofif foghmrétami. Nhs vinhros
taolol quo vor mhl nh quo shghs y mhl nh quo quoroghs sor.
Ni najortif os alvinuijno, os on forom`h quo nhs soros ùgilhs ifquaorol piri
onodar su ehrgi fo vafi, on forom`h fo polsir, fo oxprosirlhs, fo portolomor i

fastalths druphs, fo tolor ul mrofh ronadahsh h lh tolornh, ol eal on forom`h fo
onodar nh quo mhlsaforighs mhlvolaolto. Ni najortif so nagati shnh in ieomtir ni
najortif fo nhs fogés, aduinos iulquo faeoroltos. Lh os nh gasgh fomar quo thfhs
54
nhs soros ùgilhs shl aduinos in fomar quo nhs soros ùgilhs mhl luostris
gûntapnos faeorolmais tologhs nhs gasghs forom`hs. I osth ûntagh so roeaoro ni
aduinfif, phr on pisifh y on prosolto, phr ni oxporaolmai phr on ghfh fo polsir, fo
soltar, phr luostrhs fosohs, on nudir ol on quo vavaghs, phr ni eiganai quo tologhs
y phr ni ehrgi porshlin fo oltolfor ni vafi. Mifi sor ùgilh os ûlamh o
arropotajno.
Ni altolmaýl fo ni aduinfif mhgh vinhr fo ni foghmrimai os prhpamair uli
mhlvavolmai rospotuhsi fo nis faeorolmais oltro nis porshlis quo lh fá nudir i ni
oxmnusaýl y ni fasmragalimaýl.
Ifogés os tritirso mhgh òrgilhs. Ni eritorlafif

eritor lafif mhgh vinhr piri ni foghmrimai
mhlsasto ol nhdrir quo nis porshlis trijikol ol mhlkulth piri olmhltrir nis
shnumahlos ifomuifis i nhs mhlenamths quo nos idhjail piri sitaseimor sus
lomosafifos mhnomtavis
mhnomtavis y piri nnodir i imuorfhs i trivás fon faénhdh.
Ni najortif, ni aduinfif y ni eritorlafif shl vinhros quo so lomosatil oltro sç piri

phfor sor. Fotolto ul ghgolth y pao
paolsi
lsi ul phquath ol tu vafi y ol ni ehrgi ol
quo to ronimahlis mhl nhs fogés gaogjrhs fo tu eiganai, mhl tus igadhs, mhl tus
mhgpiùorhs y giostrhs ol ni osmuoni. ¸Mroos quo ol osis ronimahlos ostél
prosoltos osths vinhros8
vinhros8
¸Yuá phfoghs ìmor piri ehgoltir ul oquanajrah ol on sastogi fo vafi

foghmrétamh mhlsaforilfh nhs vinhros eulfigoltinos8
Suos piri ehgoltir on oquanajrah ol on sastogi fo vafi foghmrétamh, so lomosati
roinazir uli rotrhspomtavi fo luostris riçmos munturinos, prhpamailfh luostri
iutoltami afoltafif mhgh gaogjrhs fo uli limaýl shjorili, najro o alfopolfaol
alfopolfaolto
to
quo irriadifhs fo luostri Mhlstatumaýl y fogés onogolths fhdgétamhs lhs

prhguovil on soltagaolth fo oxprosir luostri maufifilçi mhl intavoz, shnafirafif
y ogprolfagaolth.
50
6.= K_]VAEAMIMAÝL
Ni foghmrimai isç mhgh thfhs nhs polsigaolths fon `hgjro hradali sus prhpais
mhlsomuolmais, nis quo mhrrosphlfol ol osto mish i pralmapingolto in altolth fo
agphlor ol ni imtuinafif osto ghfh fo polsir i thfhs nhs puojnhs fon gulfh sal
agphrtir su hradol h su àsthrai phr pirto fo nhs puojnhs phforhshs y quo iûl phr
gofah fo ni vahnolmai altoltil foghstrir quo su ghfh fo polsir os on mhrromth,
hnvafilfh quo thfhs nhs `hgjros shl aduinos y quo phr tilth thfis nis ehrgis fo
polsir shl aduingolto
aduingolto vénafis ssaogpro
aogpro quo mhlnnov
mhlnnovol
ol ul fosirrhnnh fon
fon `hgjro.
Ol foealatavi, on `hgjro hmmafoltin in mhlsaforirso ol ni imtuinafif on fuoùh fon
gulfh y on fuoùh fo ni
n i àsthrai phr nh quo pniltoi sus ehrgis phnçtamis, ronadahsis,
shmainos y omhlýgamis phr shjro nis fo nhs fogés puojnhs fon gulfh y sus
favorsis ehrgis fo vorso i sç gasghs quo ol vorfif shl til vénafis mhgh phfrçil
nnodir i sor nis fon `hgjro hmmafoltin quo mhltalûi ivilzilfh
ivilzilfh shjro on rosth fo nhs
soros ùgilhs piri prhjirso i sç gasgh quo osté ol nh mhrromth, mhgh sa uli
vamthrai phr ni euorzi pufaoso foghstrir in volmafh quo on volmofhr ostiji ol
roinafif ol nh mhrromth sýnh phr ìjornhs forrhtifh.
Ni foghmrimai limaý mhgh uli ehrgi fo oleroltirso in ijshnutasgh phnçtamh ol on
porçhfh fo ni
n i anustrimaýl y on najorinasgh, mhrrosphlfaolfh i ul dril ivilmo ol on
fosirrhnnh fon `hgjro ìmai ni aduinfif y ni eritorlafif.
Ol ni imtuinafif, ni foghmrimai os ni ehrgi fo aduinfif afoin piri on `hgjro fo

hmmafolto, porh quo os usifi ol maorths mishs piri ritaeamir ni oxastolmai fon phfor
ol gilhs fo indulhs phr gofah fon torrhr, on isofah, ni guorto y ni fososporilzi.
Lh thfhs nhs
n hs `hgjros shl aduinos piri ni shmaofif imtuin, sal agphrtir nh quo sus
afoinos prheosol in gulfh y osh lulmi phfré sor sa mhltaluighs mhgh vighs,
porh osh os nh quo mhrrosphlforé i`hri i nis saduaoltos dolorimahlos shnumahlir y
quo osporighs lhshtrhs iphrtir piri quo onnh soi uli roinafif.
51
6.6 E_LFIGOLVIMAÝL
Ni foghmrimai mhrrosphlfo i uli fo nis ehrgis imtuinos fo mhlvavolmai fon sor

ùgilh gés mhgulos ol on gulfh, ni muin mhrrosphlfo i ni afoi fo ni aduinfif
oltro nhs `hgjros y ni najortif fo thfhs piri fomafar mýgh rodar sus prhpais vafis.
Iltos fo foealar ol mhlmroth nh quo os ni foghmrimai y fir sus mirimtorçstamis
pralmapinos, sorçi prufolto nnodir ìsti onni sijaolfh imormi fo nhs hrçdolos fon
phfor phnçtamh ol ni àsthrai
àsthrai ulavorsin.
On phfor phnçtamh so alamai ol on mhgaolzh fo ni ùgilafif mhgh tin, nhs soros

ùgilhs yi ol ni ofif fo paofri fojaorhl roularso ol jilfis piri su giyhr
prhtommaýl, hradalélfhso ul rospoth gutuh y mhgûl oltro onnhs,
on nhs, nh quo gés tirfo
so moltrinazirçi ol nhs pragorhs nçforos, nhs „jadgil‗ quaolos phfrçil sor nhs
gokhros mizifhros y nhs gés euortos fo oltro nhs `hgjros porh quo lh tolçil
laldûl phfor shjro nhs fogés puosth quo onnhs nos soduçil phr vhnultif prhpai.
On prhjnogi fon phfor so hradali gés ifonilto, muilfh nhs `hgjros so fil muolti
quo in agphlorso
ag phlorso shjro nhs fogés nhdrijil tolor ul giyhr mhltrhn shjro on rosth y
nhdrilfh ul maorth drifh fo volorimaýl, gés phr toghr quo phr rospoth h phr sus
prhpais mipimafifos (suporahros i nis fo htrhs) isç phfroghs nnodir nuodh y phr
gofah fo osto polsigaolth in roin hradol fo nh quo os on hfah y on toghr ol on
`hgjro, quo shl iûl `hy pirto fon phfor quo indulhs agphlol shjro htrhs.
On toghr so dolori nuodh fo ni okogpnaeamimaýl fon phfor fon `hgjro quo `hy os
til ropufaifh, saolfh ni hpmaýl fo ni pinijri gés quo ni fon puùh ni quo `hy so
imopti, iulquo lh soi ni quo gés so utanamo. On hfah ol migjah os hradalifh phr ni
olvafai prosolto ol on `hgjro ilto ni prosolmai fon phfor h phr ni okogpnaeamimaýl
fon gasgh ilto sus sogokiltos.
On sor ùgilh `hy ol fçi iûl triti fo agphlorso shjro nhs fogés phr gofah fo ni
euorzi, on torrhr y on hfah, nh quo dolori ropufah ol thfhs nhs somthros fo ni
43
ùgilafif quo lh ostél lujnifhs phr nis imtatufos olmujrafhris fo ni prolsi h fo

hrdilazimahlos quo ol sç so inçil
inç il i maorths aafoinos
foinos quo mhlsaforil shnh phsajnos phr
gofah fo ni mhlmoltrimaýl fon phfor phnçtamh.
6.6.9 Eulfigoltimaýl psamhnýdami
On ghfonh fo trijikh pniltoi ni lomosafif fo altorronimahlirso mhl ni osmuoni ol

thfi immaýl pofidýdami. Famì immaýl osté olmigalifi i prhghvor ol nhs
fhmoltos uli ehrgimaýl altodrin, quo no porgati mhlhmor mhgh os on fosirrhnnh
ieomtavh shmain fon ifhnosmolto y su prhpai immaýl ofumitavi fosfo uli ýptami
ùgilasti.
Mhgh eimthr agphrtilto tolor on phmh fosolvhnvagaolth fo nhs ostufailtos, miusi

rotrish ol on fosolvhnvagaolth porshlin y psamhnýdamh, phrquo i gofafi quo on
ofumilfh so fosirrhnni eçsamigolto, nh ìré psçquamigolto y nhs fhs fojol
imhpnirso in gasgh taogph. Shr ostis rizhlos so fojo phlor itolmaýl i nhs
ofumilfhs y ofumilfis, mhl on eal fo ghnfoir su mirémtor, su porshlinafif y su
mhlfumti, fo tin gilori quo so mhlvaorti ol uli porshli osphltéloi, rosphlsijno
y oxprosavi fo sus prhpahs afoinos y pirtamapo mhgh ul nçfor ol ni shmaofif.
6.6.: Eulfigoltimaýl shmahnýdami
Ni shmahnhdçi so olmirdi fon ostufah fo nis noyos quo radol nis ronimahlos shmainos.
On `hgjro shmain os on quo puofo fotorgalir su mhlmaolmai y lh on quo su
mhlmaolmai fotorgali su sor shmain, os fomar quo ul alfavafuh os shmain ol muilth
puofi fotorgalir su mhlmaolmai y lh in rovás.
Vhfh fhmolto y pifro fo eiganai ol on prhmosh ofumitavh taolo favorsis gotis quo
mugpnar, quo mhlsasto ol dolorir migjahs ol nhs ofumilfhs tinos mhgh; ehrgimaýl
fo imtatufos h mirémtor, ehrgimaýl fo ni porshlinafif, fosirrhnnh fo ìjanafifos y
fostrozis nis gasgis quo pirtol fon mhlhmagaolth fo mifi sor ùgilh.
49
Vigjaál ol lomosirah sijor quo on laùh so fosolvhnvoré ol on gofah shmain

gofailto on fosirrhnnh fo su prhyomth fo vafi quo diriltazi mhlstiltos migjahs ol
nis imtatufos y iptatufos nis gasgis
ga sgis quo no heromol ul soltafh fo portololmai i uli
mhgulafif ofumitavi, valmunifi i favorsis imtavafifos quo on fhmolto fojo
eimanatir piri mhlhmor on gofah ol on quo so fosolvuonvo y fo osti gilori phfor
iyufirnh i quo so altodro foltrh fo ul vçlmunh shmain foghmrétamh ol eulmaýl fo
sus pralmapahs eulfigoltinos fo oquafif, aduinfif y eritorlafif.
Ni ofumimaýl lh os ul òm`h shmain muinquaori, ni eulmaýl fo ni ofumimaýl os

altodrimaýl fo mifi porshli ol ni shmaofif, isç mhgh on fosirrhnnh fo sus
phtolmainafifos alfavafuinos ni mhlvaorto ol ul òm`h shmain moltrin mhl ni
sueamaolto afoltafif o afahsalmrisai mhgh piri mhlstatuar on hjkoth fo uli roenoxaýl
shmahnýdami ospomçeami.
6.6.= Eulfigoltimaýl ixahnýdami
On Irt. :? fo ni Fomnirimaýl _lavorsin fo nhs Forom`hs @ugilh ostijnomo quo;

„Vhfi porshli taolo forom`h i ul lavon fo vafi ifomuifh quo no isoduro, isç mhgh
i su eiganai, ni sinuf y on jaolostir, y ol ospomain ni inagoltimaýl, on vostafh, ni
vavaolfi, ni isastolmai gáfami y nhs sorvamahs shmainos lomosirahs2 taolo isagasgh
forom`h i nhs sodurhs ol mish fo fosogpnoh, oleorgofif, alvinafoz, vaufoz,
vaufoz, vokoz
y htrhs mishs fo párfafi fo sus gofahs fo sujsastolmai phr marmulstilmais
alfopolfaoltos fo su vhnultif. Ni gitorlafif y ni aleilmai. Ni gitorlafif y ni
aleilmai taolol forom`hs i muafifhs y isastolmais ospomainos. Vhfhs nhs laùhs,
limafhs fo gitraghlah h euori fo gitraghlah, taolol forom`h i aduin prhtommaýl
shmain.
„@iy quo ìmor mifi fçi indh quo foko ùonnis ol quaolos lhs rhfoil y ol
lhshtrhs gasghs‗ ” Sofrh
Sofrh Adlimah Uori Zhkis ”
Zhkis ” . Shr nh oxpuosth nhs vinhros shl
nis mhlvammahlos h mroolmais fo quo indh os juolh h ginh y lhs mhlvaolo ol
giyhr h golhr gofafi. Fo osti gilori, ofumir ol vinhros iyufiré i thgir
4:
mhlmaolmai fo su agphrtilmai y i muntavir uli osmini fo vinhros, átamhs,

ghrinos, shmainos, mçvamhs, ronadahshs, piri quo on alfavafuh romhlhzmi o
almhrphro i sus immahlos mhtafailis ni dolorinafif fo prhpamair imtatufos y
iptatufos quo diriltamol on jaolostir prhpah y mhnomtavh, quo almafi ol on
fosirrhnnh shmain, phnçtamh, omhlýgamh, munturin y shjrothfh ofumitavh quo phr
sor ni ijilforifi fo virahs sastogis allhvifhros, so porollamo ol thfh égjath
fo altorimmaýl quo i trivás fo nis ronimahlos fon sor ùgilh so fonagatol mhgh
ul sorvamah oxmnusavh piri ni Sitrai ]hjorili y Intavi.
Ealingolto2 „On vinhr fo ul `hgjro lh so fotorgali phr nh quo phsoo, la iûl
phr nh quo ìmo, salh quo osté faromtigolto oxprosifh phr nh quo os ol sç
gasgh‗ ” Irastýtonos ” . Osti eanhsheçi lhs ghtavi phr nh mhlsaduaolto i quo
thfh fhmolto oxproso fo gilori çltodri thfh on jidiko fo mhlhmagaolths mhgh
uli vhmimaýl fo sorvamah ìmai quaolos mifi fçi trijikil mhl ni osporilzi fo
ostijnomor uli mhlvavolmai shmain ol ni quo agporo ni najortif, ni aduinfif, ni
eritorlafif y ni kustamai mhgh mratorahs fo fosogpoùh piri hptagazir ni minafif
fo vafi hraoltifh mhl on Snil Limahlin fon Juol Uavar h ]ugib Biwsiy.
MHLMN_]AHLO] FO NI SZHS_O]VI
Gofailto ni agpnogoltimaýl fo osti prhpuosti so nnodi i nis saduaoltos

mhlmnusahlos.
Ol ni prhpuosti so ehgolti ni pirtamapimaýl fo nhs fhmoltos y pifros fo eiganai ol

nis imtavafifos pofidýdamis fo mirémtor shmain, nh muin gokhri on lavon fo
pirtamapimaýl ol nhs ostufailtos, osth ovafolmairé mhl ni gokhrçi quo tolfrél nhs
ostufailtos ol on iùh osmhnir quo mhgaolzi. Osti prhpuosti, voré sus eruths i mhrth
y gofailh pnizh, so ospori quo on pifro fo eiganai migjao su imtatuf mhl rospomth
i ni pirtamapimaýl ol on prhmosh ofumitavh.
Osti pirtamapimaýl lh puofo sor iasnifi h misuin, phr quo fam`h tárgalh fo ehrgir
ol foghmrimai pirtaolfh fosfo on rospoth i nhs forom`hs ùgilhs, mhlsasto
altorvolar imtavigolto ol fomasahlos y immahlos ol nis imtavafifos quo so
4=
fosirrhnnil ol on moltrh y ol on iuni, porh nhdrilfh quo nhs pifros, gifros y/h
roprosoltiltos altorvoldil
altorvoldil imtavigolto ol osto prhmosh.
In rospomth, so mhgprhjý quo ni Ofumimaýl Jésami prhguovo ul prhmosh gés

maoltçeamh quo foghmrétamh, i trivás fo nis ginnis murramuniros ostijnomafis ol nis
fastaltis érois fo ostufah, gasaýl ol ni quo nhs fhmoltos vasahlil fo gilori
alfaromti ni ehrgimaýl ol foghmrimai. Sniltoi oltro sus ealinafifos ehrtinomor i nis
ni s
eiganais ol sus mipimafifos fo mhgpotar foltrh fo ul sastogi dnhjinazifhr fo
gumìs tomlhnhdçis mhgh rosuntifh fo ni immaýl ofumitavi piri eimanatir on
fosirrhnnh fon prhmosh fo iprolfaziko fo mhnijhrimaýl gutui, osh sadlaeami quo on
fhmolto puofo mhltir mhl nhs pifros y roprosoltiltos fo nhs laùhs i quaolos
itaolfo, sal fositolfor i nhs pralmapahs eulfigoltinos fo ni foghmrimai.
Ol osti prhpuosti so eimunti i quo on fhmolto so moltro oxmnusavigolto ol ni

immaýl fo pirtamapir foghmrétamigolto piri ni ehrgimaýl fon ofumilfh2
pormitélfhso fo quo oso ostufailto ehrgi pirto fo uli satuimaýl ofumitavi ijaorti
fo afois, oxporaolmais y pnilos. Os phr osti rizýl quo osti prhpuosti phsoo thfis
nis diriltçis piri quo on fhmolto maoltçeamh prhmuro fosirrhnnir nhs vinhros

46
foghmrétamhs i pirtar fon romhlhmagaolth fo lhrgis, imtatufos y iptatufos furilto

thfh on prhmosh fo ehrgimaýl in ofumilfh.
ZOMHGOLFIMAHLO]
ZOMHGOLFIMAHLO] FO N
NII SZHS_O]VI
 Zomhgolfir in alamah fo ni prhpuosti ni solsajanazimaýl y ghtavimaýl i eal

fo hjtolor gokhros rosuntifhs. Os eulfigoltin altodrir i nhs pirtamapiltos
y ni fasphsamaýl piri eakirno
ea kirno oxpomtitavis dolorinos y mniris piri mhlmoforno
iuthlhgçi prémtami piri quo sindi ifonilto y mhltrajuyi i nis gotis
trizifis ol nhs laùhs y laùis ol nhs prhmoshs ofumitavhs.
 ]o roquaoro ul migjah fo imtatuf puosth quo in dolorir migjahs ol on

olthrlh shmain y nijhrin fo ni alstatumaýl so mhgprhgoto i nhs fhmoltos y
roprosoltiltos mhl ni afoi fo altodrirso foghmrétamigolto in prhmosh
ofumitavh fo ehrgir i nhs laùhs ol pralmapahs foghmrétamhs. Os agphrtilto
quo ni prhpuosti so ipnaquo furilto on prhmosh ofumitavh, in aduin quo ol
htrhs alstatumahlos fhlfo so ìyi fotomtifh ni lomosafif fo ni prhpuosti.
 Ipnamir osti prhpuosti agpnami i quo sarvi fo iphyh piri on fhmolto, pifro
fo eiganai y ostufailto, mhl on eal fo mhlmaoltazir in roprosoltilto y in
fhmolto piri prhghvor o almoltavir ni pirtamapimaýl fo nhs pifros y
roprosoltilto ol on prhmosh ofumitavh fo nhs laùhs y laùis ehrtinomaolfh nis
ronimahlos altorporshlinos fon olthrlh eiganair. Zoinazir khrlifis fo
mipimatimaýl shjro ni ehrgimaýl fo uli maufifilçi foghmrétami ol on
fosirrhnnh altodrin fo nhs ostufailtos ol nis faeoroltos alstatumahlos
ofumitavis fo ni mhgulafif.
 Nhs fhmoltos fojol iyufir i nhs roprosoltiltos i mroir ul mnagi fo

irghlçi ìmaálfhno lhtir in pifro h ni gifro quo nis imtavafifos quo so
oeomtûil ostél faradafhs i gokhrir on prhmosh ofumitavh fonhs ofumilfhs y
quo fo osti gilori so nhdriré on gokhrigaolth fo nis favorsis mhlfamahlos
fo vafi quo fosirrhnno on ostufailto pirtaolfh fo ul prhyomth fo vafi quo
diriltamo jaolostir ol thfis
t hfis nis fagolsahlos fo mhlvavolmai shmain.
4?
6.? IFGALA]VZIMAÝL FO NI SZHS_O]VI
Druphs Altorosos Sormopmahlos Shfor y romurshs
Ipnamir nhs tinnoros fo Einti fo uli ehrgimaýl Ogpnoi faeoroltos romurshs

Iuthrafifos ofumitavis mipimatimaýl. ifomuifi fo nhs fafémtamhs piri sus mnisos.
gaogjrhs fo ni
Mhgulafif Ofumitavi.
Faromthros fo Éroi Mìrnis fo ghtavimaýl i Einti fo dostaýl y Vrijikir mhl nhs ostufailtos ol ni
Sorshlin Fhmolto giostrhs y giostris fo ni hraoltimaýl. roinagoltimaýl piri gokhrir su
alstatumaýl. pirtamapimaýl maufifili.
Sirtamapimaýl fo Sifros mhl Shmi mhnijhrimaýl ol Agpunsir ol nhs ostufailtos
Ostufailtos ni ipnamimaýl y utanazimaýl dostaýl y gokhrigaolth. soltagaolths fo ighr in mavasgh,

fon prhdrigi fo ostufah. pitrahtasgh, in ostufah y ìmai
thfh nh quo lhs rhfoi.

45
MISÇV_NH U GIZMH
IFGALA]VZIVAUH
?.9 ZOM_Z]H]
Alstatumahlinos;
_lafif Ofumitavi „Muolmi
„Muolmi fon Duiyis
Duiyis‗‗ fo ni Sirrhquai Viraei, Srhvalmai fo
]igjhrhlfhl.
@ugilhs;
Faromthr
Srheoshros
Ostufailtos
Sifros fo Eiganai
Isoshr fon prhyomth
Alvostadifhr.
?.9.=. Gitorainos;
Mhgputifhri
Myjor
Mégiri ehthdréeami
Najrhs fo mhlsunti
@hkis fo olmuostis
Ehnnoths
Népamos
Fasphsatavhs fo ingimolir alehrgimaýl (MF] y polfravo)
6.9.6. Omhlýgamhs;
Iuthealilmaigaolth.
JAJNAHDZIEÇI
 INUIZO[, Gi. (9116); "Ni ofumimaýl fon mhlsugafhr; uli togétami

44
murramunir quo ìmo phsajno ni trilsvorsinazimaýl fo nhs trilsvorsinos ol ni

prémtami fhmolto".
fhmolto". Zovasti fo maolma
maolmais
is fo ni Ofumimaýl,
Ofumimaýl, l³9?1, =1:-690.
 Iyini Ghri, O. (:336). Omuifhr, Sitrai fo thfhs, Giluin fo Mçvami. Yuath;

_lavorsafif Ilfali ]agýl Jhnçvir - Mhrphrimaýl Ofathri Limahlin.
 MI]VANNH Kagoli y Iaspur Dustivh Eorlilfh, Gáthfhs y Vámlamis

Ofumitavis. Sragori ofamaýl :393.
 MHZVALI, I. (911=); Átami ipnamifi y foghmrimai rifamin. Gifraf,

Vomlhs.
 FHGALD_O[, Dirrafh Gi. Mhlmopmaýl, Fafémtami fo nis Maolmais

]hmainos piri Sragirai. A]JL; 06-:3?-=6?=-5. :336 Soirshl Ofumimaýl
].I.
 D_VAOZZO[ G., Ijriìg, Mursh fo Mçvami. ]orao fafémtami. Sragori

Ofamaýl. Yuath ”
Yuath ” Omuifhr
Omuifhr 911:.
 @HND_ÇL Irais Zujál Fr., Zoinafif Limahlin piri jimànnorith.

Ofamahlos @hnduçl ].I. ]odulfi Ofamaýl A]JL 1140-=3?-:?-6. pp. =3,
=9, =:.
 N_MALA, E.(9116); Vogis Vrilsvors

Vrilsvorsinos
inos y OfuGifraf,Iliyi.
OfuGifraf,Iliyi.
 GOLÁLFO[ @., Ni Ifhnosmolmai y sus mhlenamths. Ofathrain Maoltçeamh ”

Vámlami. Ni @ijili, 9110.
 GALA]VOZAH FO OF_MIMAÝL, Omuifhr, Srhdrigi Limahlin fo

Ofumimaýl piri ni Foghmrimai, Mhlstatumaýl fon Omuifhr :330, Yuath ”
Omuifhr.
 GHZI Jhwol Inehlsh Fr., Ofumimaýl Mçvami Osmhnir. Yuath.
 Zopûjnami fonfoOmuifhr,
Mhlstatumaýl Galastorah
ni Zopûjnami fo Dhjaorlh,
fon Omuifhr Shnamçi y Munths (:330).
:330. Yuath.
 `ttp;//www.hoa.os/vinhros:/jhnotal=.`tg
 `ttp;//www.ghlhdrieais.mhg/trijikhs95/otami-imtatufos/otami-
imtatufos.s`tgn
956

40
 `ttp;//www.hphsamahlosprheoshros.mhg/jajnah/fhmuofum
 `ttp;//mnujolsiyhs.mhg/agpragar/Ni-Vrismolfolmai-Fo-Nhs-
Uinhros/9603?.`tgn
 `ttp;//oquaphidhri.os/Osmuoni-fo-pifros/Yuo-shl-nhs-vinhros-
ùgilhs.`tg#Irraji
 `ttp;//www.eiganaiulafiofathrain.hrd/ofumimahl/:=4-on-roth-fo-ni-
ehrgimahl-maufifili.`tgn
 `ttp;//www.yhutujo.mhg/witm`8v7oEXasShy?H6
 `ttp;//www.yhutujo.mhg/witm`8v7`mJUsh]D9uA
 `ttp;//www.yhutujo.mhg/witm`8v7V0S1ePbZF4m
 `ttp;//www.yhutujo.mhg/witm`8v7QQ:exDAD6`d
 `ttp;//www.yhutujo.mhg/witm`8v7jSm4_[vuXgA&eoituro7pniyorXogjof
fof#!
 `ttp;//www.yhutujo.mhg/witm`8v7Mpw:6JLtAD_
JAJNAHVOMI UAZV_IN _S]O;

 Ghvagaolths ]hmainos y ]astogis phnçtamhs ol Igárami Nitali. Ni
mhlstrummaýl fo luovis foghmrimais.
I_VHZ; Ifon Garzi, M`rastail
OFAVHZAIN; MNIM]H
EOM@I FO S_JNAMIMAÝL; 3:/:393
sato.ojriry.mhg/naj/upsosp/fhmFotian.imtahl8fhmAF793=0553&p337foghm
rimai
 Suojnhs Alfçdolis, Ostifh y Foghmrimai.
I_VHZ; Févinhs Sijnh
OFAVHZAIN; MNIM]H
EOM@I FO S_JNAMIMAÝL HZADALIN; 3=/:393
sato.ojriry.mhg/naj/upsosp/fhmFotian.imtahl8fhmAF793=0634:&p337fogh
mrimai
41
DNH]IZAH
Imifágamh.- Fçmoso fo nhs ostufahs y tçtunhs quo miusil oeomths nodinos.
Iuthlhgçi.- Najortif. Ostifh y mhlfamaýl fon puojnh quo dhzi fo alfopolfolmai

phnçtami.
Mipimafifos.- Vinolth h altonadolmai.
Mhlmortimaýl.- Imuorfh, pimth h mhlvolah quo so ìmo shjro induli muostaýl.
Fonodifhs.- Sorshli ol quaol so fonodi uli eimuntif h kurasfammaýl.
Ostitus.- Shsamaýl, osmini shmain y omhlýgami i quo portolomo uli porshli.
Ostritodai.- Vámlami y mhlkulth fo imtavafifos fostalifis i mhlsoduar ul hjkotavh.
Altodrimaýl.- Almhrphrimaýl h almnusaýl ol ul thfh.
Altonomtuin.- Fon altonomth h ronitavh i án.

Altorronimaýl.- Zonimaýl gutui oltro porshlis
porshlis,, mhsis h eolýgolhs.
Alvhnumrir.- Almnuar, ijirmir.
Agpnamimahlos.- Sirtamapimaýl imtavi ol indûl isulth.
Agprosmalfajnos.- Yuo lh so puofo prosmalfar fo onnh.
Sirifadgi.- Okogpnh h okogpnir.
Shtolmainafifos.- Os ni oquavinolmai fo indh rospomth fo htri mhsi ol vartuf y

oeamimai.
Srixas.- Srémtami, ol hphsamaýl i tohrçi h toýrami.
Srhmoshs.- Mhlkulth fo nis eisos sumosavis fo ul eolýgolh liturin h fo uli

hporimaýl irtaeamain.
Zonovilmai.- Agphrtilmai.
Zolfagaolth.- Srhfumth h utanafif quo ralfo h fi uli porshli h mhsi.
]uporenuh.- Allomosirah. Lh lomosirah quo osté fogés.
Vrismaolfo.- Mhgprolfor, ivoraduir induli mhsi.
03

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_LAFIF OF_MIVAUI EA]MIN

MHHS. 93 FO IDH]VH * VIZAEI * ]IGJHZHLFÝL

On prosolto trijikh fo alvostadimaýl fosmrajo ni vafi mhtafaili y ni foghmrimai.

maufifilçi foghmrétami so roenoki ol on osmish ospçratu mçvamh y pitraýtamh fo nhs

altodrin i pirtar fo ni prixas fo nhs vinhros mçvamhs y pitraýtamhs, mhl ni

Mhlstatumaýl fo ni Zopûjnami, ni Noy Hrdélami fo Ofumimaýl Altormunturin, NHOA,

fo rosmitirnhs piri mhlvortarnhs ol ospimahs quo faligamol ni pirtamapimaýl y on

farommaýl y hrdilazimaýl fo osti tiroi `i safh olmhgolfifi i nhs fhmoltos fon

Ostrumturifi ol mipçtunhs; on pragorh nh mhlstatuyo On Vogi, ol on muin so pniltoi

nodinos2 ol osto mipçtunh tigjaál so olmuoltril nis mitodhrçis eulfigoltinos, so

On mugpnagaolth fo nhs hjkotavhs prhpuosths ol on trijikh alvostaditavh, porgato

„ALMAFOLMAI FON OKO VZIL]UOZ]IN NI EHZGIMAÝL FO _LI UAFI

9.:.9 _jamimaýl y mhltoxtuinazimaýl fo ni prhjnogétami

On prosolto trijikh alvostaditavh so roinazý ol ni _lafif

Fosfo `imo malmh iùhs iprhxagifigolt

os fomar, uli ofumimaýl maoltçeami, proeoroltogolto alehrgitavi quo lhs mhlfukh i

alehrgimaýl y mhgulamimaýl mhl muinquaor pirto fon gulfh ol sodulfhs2 ni

Ol itolmaýl i ni prhjnogétami pniltoifi os jésamh y eulfigoltin fosportir on

Zizýl lomosirai os ox`hrtir i ni minafif fo nhs fhmoltos, i quo phr gofah fo ni

Shr nh oxpuosth, ni prhpuosti fo alstatuar on togi fo ni almafolmai fo nhs okos

9.:.6 Ehrgunimaýl fon prhjnogi

Gofailto osti oxpnamimaýl, prhvaolo ni afoi fo mhlsaforir mhgh ul nhdrh on

9.= SZHJNOGI FO ALUO]VADIMAÝL

Ni foghmrimai os ul sastogi phnçtamh phr on quo on puojnh fo ul Ostifh okormo su

Ilto ni lomosafif fo nhdrir vorfiforhs migjahs ostrumturinos ol ni ofumimaýl

porgatil ehrtinomor sus mhlhmagaolths, imtatufos, iptatufos y mhgphrtigaolths

quo so prosoltil ol luostri shmaofif.

On pilhrigi fo osti prhjnogétami os til igpnah, ol ni quo mhl thtin sodurafif

Ostél foltrh fo ni igpnai digi fo joloeamairahs nhs ostufailtos, yi quo sorél

Olthlmos so tolfrçi ul prhmosh fo olsoùilzi-iprolfaziko ýptagh gofailto ni

Mnisos mhl giyhr áleisas ol on ogpnoh fo ni foghmrimai ehrtinomaolfh ni

Siri ni alvostadimaýl so muolti mhl nis `orrigaoltis, mhlhmagaolths, `ijanafifos y

Mhlvaolo romhlhmor ni oeamaolto imhdafi y rospinfh fon Sorshlin Ifgalastritavh y

Ealingolto, on okormamah fhmolto porgato mroir fo ehrgi drifuin nhs romurshs

Srhphlor on fasoùh fo ul Snil fo Mipimatimaýl ol Foghmrimai quo mhltrajuyi in

 Faidlhstamir ni prhjnogétami imtuin roeorolto i nis prémtamis foghmrétamis ol

 Zomhpanir alehrgimaýl jajnahdréeami imormi fon agpimth fo nis prémtamis

 Ilinazir nis faeoroltos prémtamis foghmrétamis quo gokhril on sastogi fo

 Ostijnomor nis ostritodais afýlois quo diriltamol ni phsajno shnumaýl fo ni

 Fasoùir ul pnil fo mipimatimaýl ol foghmrimai quo porgati ostijnomor uli

 ]hmainazir y vinafir ni prhpuosti.

:.9 NI UAFI MHVAFAILI Q NI FOGHMZIMAI

Imtuingolto ol thfh on sastogi ofumitav

roimtavir ni agphrtilmai fo okomutir ul sastogi fo vafi shmah-ieomtavh quo

Ifogés, nhs okos trilsvorsinos so mhlstatuyol, ol eulfigolths piri ni prémtami

fo mhlmopths , prhmofagaolths , vinhros y imtatufos quo hraoltil ni olsoùilzi y on

:.9.9 Okos trilsvorsinos y ofumimaýl

On somthr ofumitavh os on nnigifh i prhghvor migjahs sadlaeamitavhs ol on soltafh

On fosieçh os pitoltir foltrh fo ul girmh fo mhlvavolmai shmain, nhs vorfiforhs

osquogis fo migjah, quo mhltrajuyil in ehrtinomagaolth y i ni roinazimaýl fo ul

shnafirafif, `hlostafif y kustamai, mhgh uli tiroi prheulfigolto `ugilazifhri.

:.9.: Ni trilsvorsinafif y ni ofumimaýl altodrin

Mhgh soùini Uamthr ai

thtin fo tárgalh; ehrgir on mirémtor piri quo so mugpni ul prhmosh fo

Os uli ehrgi fo hrdilazimaýl fo druphs fo porshlis, muyi mirimtorçstami

Ol soltafh igpnah, foghmrimai os uli ehrgi fo mhlvavolmai shmain ol ni quo nhs

fo dhjaorlh roinazifi phr Snitýl, pragorh, y Irastýtonos, fospuás, ol tros taphs

On tárgalh foghmrimai prhvaolo fon iltaduh draodh (ζδ¿θλωιφΨι) y euo imuùifh

]al ogjirdh ni sadlaeamimaýl otaghnýdami fon tárgalh os gum`h gés mhgpnoki. On

:.9.? Mirimtorçstamis fo uli foghmrimai

Os promash muntavir ni nnigifi "Mhlmaolmai Shnçtami" ol thfhs nhs maufifilhs, lh

 Foghmrimai faromti; ]o triti fo ni foghmrimai ol ostifh purh, tin mhgh ni