Bµi tËp m¸y biÕn ¸p

Bµi tËp 1.
Cho m¸y biÕn ¸p 3 pha S®m=5600KVA,
U1/U2=35000/66000, I1/I2=92,5/490A P0=18,5 KW, Pn =
57KW, f=50Hz, Y/ 11; I0=4,5%; U0%=7,5%
1.H·y x¸c ®Þnh c¸c th«ng sè kh«ng t¶i cña m¸y biÕn ¸p ,
x0, r0, z0
2.C¸c tham sè: zn, rn, xn, c¸c thnµh phÇn ®iÖn ¸p ng¾n.
3. U khi cos 2=0,8 hiÖu suÊt cña m¸y hÖ sè t¶i øng víi
max
Gi¶i:
1.
§iÖn ¸p pha s¬ cÊp lµ:
U1fa= = =20207 V
U 1

3
35000

Dßng ®iÖn pha kh«ng t¶i:

I0fa=I0%.I1®m=0,045.92,5=4,16 A
C¸c tham sè kh«ng t¶i:
z0 = = =4857
U 1 fa
I 0 fa
20207
4 ,1 6

r0= P0

3I0t
2
= 18500
3 . 4 ,1 6
2
=356
x0= =z0 =4844
2
r0
2
4857
2
356
2

2.
§iÖn ¸p pha ng¾n m¹ch tõ bªn s¬ cÊp:
U1n=U1fa.Un=20207.0,075=1515 V
Zn= = =16,4 U 1n
I 1 fa
1515
9 2 ,5

rn= Pn

3 I 1 fa
2
= 67000
3. ( 9 2 ,5 )
2
=2,22
xn= =zn
2
rn
2
16,4
2
2 ,2 2
2
=16,2
Ta cã: Unr%= I 1 fa . r n
U 1 fa
= 9 2 , 5 .2 , 2 2
20207
.1 0 0 =1,016%
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Unx%= = =7,416%
I 1 fa . x
U 1 fa
n
9 2 , 5 .1 6 , 2
20207
.1 0 0

3.
Ta cã: U2%= (Unr%cos 2+Unx%sin 2)
_(cos 2=0,8 sin 2= 0,6 øng víi t¶i c¶m vµ t¶i dung)_
=1 t¶i ®Þnh møc.
U%=(1,016.0,8 + 7,416.0,6)=5,26%
HiÖu suÊt:
% = (1- ).100 = (1- ).100 = 98,34%
.S
P0

cos
2
Pn

P0
2
Pn
1 8,5
5 6 0 0 .0 ,8
2
1 .5 7
1 8,5 57
dm

= P0
Pn
= 1 8,5
57
=0,57
Bµi sè 2:
M¸y biÕn ¸p 3 pha Y/Y-12 cã c¸c sè liÖu: Sdm=180KVA
U1/U2=6000/400 V; I0=6,4%; P0=1000W; Un%=5,5;
Pn=4000W; r1=r2’; x1=x2’ vÏ s¬ ®å thay thÕ; tÝnh Unx%.
Gi¶i:
§Ó vÏ ®-îc s¬ ®å thay thÕ tÝnh r0, x0, z0, rn, xn, zn.
§iÖn ¸p mét pha bªn s¬ cÊp:
U1fa = = =3464 V
U

3
1
6000

I0fa=I0%.I®m, mµ I®m = = =17,32 A S

2U
180000

3 .6 0 0 0
1

I0t=0,064.17,32=1,108 A
2

r0 = = P0
=271
3I0t
2
1000
3 .1 ,1 0 8
2

z0= U 1 fa
I0t
=3126
x0 = =3114 3126
2
271
2

Un pha lµ:
U1n = Un%.U1fa = 0,055.3,464 = 190,52 V
Zn = = =11 U 1n
I1
1 9 0 ,5 2
1 7 ,3 2

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 2

rn= Pn

3. I dm
2
=4,44
xn = 10,06
Unr % = = I1 rn
U 1 fa
.1 0 0 1 7 , 3 2 .1 0 , 0 6
3464
.1 0 0 5,0 3 %

VÝ Dô 3:
Cho 3 m¸y biÕn ¸p 3 pha cã S®mI=180KVA;
S®mII=240KVA; S®mIII=320KVA; UnI%=5,4; UnII%=6;
UnIII=6,6. H·y x¸c ®Þnh SI; SII; SIII biÕt: S=180+240+320 =
740KVA. T×m xem t¶i tèi ®a ®Ó kh«ng cã qu¸ t¶i.
Gi¶i:
Ta cã:
U
= S dm i

ni
= 121,8
%
180
5,4
240
6
320
6 ,6

I = S
S dm i
= 740
5 , 4 .1 2 1 , 8
=1,125
U nI
U ni

mµ SI = 1,125.180 = 202,5KVA
B I
S
S I

dm

T-¬ng tù ta cã SII = 243KVA; SIII = 249,5KVA

M¸y biÕn ¸p I cã Un nhá qu¸ t¶i nhiÒu nhÊt t¶i tèi
®a ®Ó kh«ng cã m¸y biÕn ¸p nµo bÞ qu¸ t¶i khi I=1
S
S = 657,72KVA.
5 , 4 .1 2 1 , 8
1

VÝ Dô 4:
S S UUUT
T® 1 2 n æ
Tm ® ® %
mm ®
Ê
u

d
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 ©
y
I 1366Y
05, , /
0 32
0 5-
1
1
I 1366Y
I 85, , /
0 36
0 -
1
1
I 2367Y
I 45, /
I0 3
0 -
1
1
1.T¶i cña m¸y biÕn ¸p khi t¶i dung = 450KV
2.T¶i max ®Ó kh«ng qu¸ t¶i gi¶ sö m¸y 1 qu¸ t¶i 20%
Gi¶i:
1.
Ta cã:
S
U
=
dm i

ni
= 775,58
1000
6 ,2 5
1800
6 ,6
2400
7

I = S
S
I

dm I
4500
6 , 2 5 .7 7 5 , 5 8
= 0,928 SI = 1000.0,928 = 928KVA

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 II =S
S
II
= 0,8791 SII = 1800.0,8791 =
d m II
4500
6 , 6 .7 7 5 , 5 8

1582,4KVA
III = = 0,8289 SIII = 2400.0,8289 =
1990KVA
2.
I= 1 = S = 4847KVA S
1
6 , 2 5 .7 7 5 , 5 8

nÕu I qu¸ t¶i 20% I = 1,2 S=

5817KVA
VÝ Dô 5:
C¸c sè liÖu
C I II
¸c
sè
liÖ
u
S® 32 42
m 0 0
U1 6 6
K
V 5 5
%%
U2 23 22
V 0 0
Un 4 4
%
Un 1, 1,
r% 8 7
T Y/ Y/
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æ - -
nè 11 11
i
d©
y
TÝnh Icb.
Gi¶i:
Ta cã: Icb = Z nI
E
Z n II

C¸c th«ng sè qui ®æi s¬ cÊp vÒ thø cÊp.

Zn = Z1 + Z2’
Z2’ = k2.Z2
k=W1/W2
Zn’ = Z2 + Z1’ = Z2 + k2.Z1 = Z2 + Z1.(W1/W2)2
Zn’ = Z2 + Z1.(1/k2) = Zn/k2
3

k1 = (w1/w2) = =27,273 6 .1 0
220

ZnI =U
I 1dm
mµ I1®m =
nI S

3U
320

3 .6
3 0 ,7 9

ZnII = Un%. = 240V

U
100
dm
6000.
4
100

ZnI = = 7,794
240
3 0 ,7

ZnI’ = 7,794/k2 = 0,01145

ZII = U
I2®m =
n II

I 2 dm
= 40,41 420

3 .6

UnII = Un%.U®m = =240 V 6 0 0 0 .4

100

ZII = 240
40,41
5,9 3 8

ZII’ = 5,938/27,2732 = 0,00798

Icb = Z
= nI
%
= 514 A
E
Z n II
% 0 ,0 1 1 4 5
10
0 ,0 0 7 9 8

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Bµi tËp m¸y ®iÖn kh«ng ®ång bé
Bµi sè 1:
m¸y ®iÖn kh«ng ®ång bé 3 pha p=3 f=50Hz, khi ®Æt ®iÖn
¸p ®Þnh møc lªn stato cßn d©y quÊn roto hë m¹ch, E2 =
110 V. n®m = 980 v/ph. Roto quay cïng chiÒu víi tõ
tr-êng.
a.ChÕ ®é lµm viÖc.
b.E2S = ?
c.NÕu gi÷ chÆt roto l¹i vµ ®o r2 = 0,1 ; x2 = 0,5 hái
I2®m =?
Gi¶i:
a.tèc ®é ®ång bä lµ: n1 = = 1000 v/ph 60. f
p

V× n1>n nªn m¸y ®iÖn lµm viÖc ë chÕ ®é ®éng c¬.

b.Ta cã E2S = s.E2 = V n1
n1
n
.E 2
1000
1000
980
.1 1 0 2 ,2

c.Ta cã I2 = E2S/(r2+j.s.x2) = = 21,89 A E 2 S

2 ,2
2 2 2 2
r2 (s. x 2 ) 0 ,1 ( 0 , 0 2 .0 , 5 )

Bµi sè 2:
§éng c¬ kh«ng ®ång bé ®Êu sao Y, 380V _50Hz n®m =
1440 v/ph
r1= 0,2 , r2’ = 0,25 , x1 = 1 , x2’ = 0,95 , xm = 40 bá
qua rm.
TÝnh Pn1, s®m, f2, vÏ m¹ch thay thÕ h×nh T tÝnh I1, I0, I2’
Gi¶i:
V× m¸y lµm viÖc chÕ ®é ®éng c¬ n = 1440 v/ph n1 =
1500v/ph
mµ n1 = 60 f
p=2
p

s®m = n1
n1
n
0 ,0 4

n2 = n1-n = 1500-1440 = 60v/ph

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f2 = n2.p/60 = 2Hz
ta cã hÖ ph-¬ng tr×nh sau:
D¹ng phøc
U1 = -E1 + I1.(r1+j.x1)
0 = E2’ - I2’.(r2’/s +j.x2’)
E1 = E2’
I1 + I 2’ = I 0
I0.zm = -E1
thay sè vµo ta cã:
I1.(0,2+j1) + I0(0+j40) =220
I1.(0,2+j1) - I2(6,25+j0,95) = 220
I1 - I 0 + I 2’ = 0
gi¶i hÖ ta cã:
I1 = 33A, I0 = 5, I2’ = 31,92A.
Bµi sè 3:
§éng c¬ ®iÖn p=3 ®iÖn ¸p ®Þnh møc 380V ®Êu Y; 50Hz
P2 = 28KW (P®m) n=980v/ph cos = 0,88 tæn hao ®ång vµ
s¾t stato lµ 2,2KW, pc¬ = 1,1KW.
TÝnh s; pCu2; hiÖu suÊt; I1; f2 lóc t¶i ®m
Gi¶i:
Tèc ®é ®ång bé lµ n1 = v/ph
60 f
p
1000

s = (1000-980)/1000 = 0,02
Ta cã pCu2 = Pc¬.s/(1-s)
mµ ta cã Pc¬ = P2 + pc¬ = 28+1,1 = 29,1KW
pCu2 = 29,1.0,02/(1-0,02) = 0,594KW
Ta cã P1= P2 + pc¬+ pCu2 + pCu1 + pFe = 28+1,1+2,2+0,594
= 31,894KW
HiÖu suÊt = P2/P1 = 87,8%
Ta cã: P1 = 3 U 1I1 cos = 55A
I1
3U
P1

cos
1

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Cã n2 = n1 - n = 1000-980 = 20v/phót
f2 = (p.n2)/60 = 1Hz
Bµi sè 4:
§éng c¬ kh«ng ®ång bé tiªu thô n¨ng l-îng ®iÖn lµ P1 =
60KW tæng tæn hao trªn stato lµ 1 kW, s=0,03 tÝnh Pc¬ vµ
pCu2.
Gi¶i:
Ta cã P®t = P1 - = 60-1 =59KW p s ta to

Ta cã: pc¬ = P®t.(1 - s) = 59.0,97 = 57,23KW

pCu2 = P®t.s = 59.0,03 = 1,77KW
pCu2 = P®t - Pc¬
Bµi sè 5:
§éng c¬ kh«ng ®ång bé roto d©y quÊn P®m = 155KW,
p=2 U = 380V ®Êu Y, pCu2 = 2,21KW pc¬ = 2,64KW, pphô
= 0,31KW, r2’ = 0,12
a.Lóc t¶i ®m tÝnh P®t, s®m%, n®m, M®m
b.Gi¶ sö m«men t¶i kh«ng ®æi, nÕu cho vµo d©y quÊn
roto mét ®iÖn trë qui ®æi rf’ = 0,1 tÝnh s’, n’ pCu2’
c.BiÕt r1 = r2’, x1 = x2’ = 0,06 tÝnh Mmax, smax
d.TÝnh ®iÖn trë phô cÇn thiÕt cho vµo roto ®Ó cã m«men
më m¸y cùc ®¹i.
Gi¶i:
a.Ta cã P®t = P2+pCu2 + pc¬ +pfô= 155+2,21+2,64 +0,31 =
160,16KW
Ta cã s®m% = = 1,38%
p Cu2
P dt
.1 0 0 %

n®m = n1.(1 - s®m) = 1500(1-0,0138) = 1479v/phót

ta cã M®m = P dm
=1000 N.m P dm
n
2 .
60

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b.V× hÖ sè tr-ît tû lÖ thuËn víi ®iÖn trë d©y quÊn roto
s’/s = (r2’+rf)/r2’
s’ =
s.
r2 ' rf
r2 '
1 2 ,8 8 %

n’ = n1.(1-s’) = 1307v/phót
pCu2’ = P®t.s’ = 20,63KW
c.Ta cã smax = = 0,1 2
r2 '
2
r1 (x1 C 1. x 2 ')

(Coi C1 = 1)
Mmax = p. m . U 1
2
= 10446 N.m
2 2
2 w 1 . C 1 . [ r1 r1 (x1 C 1. x 2 ') ]

d.Ta cã m«men më m¸y

Mmax = Mmë = w . [ ( r1 r2 ' )
2
p. m . U 1 . r2 '
2
(x1 x 2 ') ]
2

ë ®©y r2’ = r2’cò + rfô

gi¶i r2’ rfô
Bµi sè 6:
§éng c¬ lång sãc 3 pha P®m = 20KW U1= 380V ®Êu Y,
cos = 0,84
= 88%, n®m = 970v/phót.BÕt Ik/I®m = 4,5 Mk/M®m = 1,2
Mmax/M®m = 1,8
a.h I®m, Ik s®m
b.M®m, Mk Mmax, tæng tæn hao trong ®éng c¬.
Gi¶i:
Ta cã: P1 = P2/ = 20/0,88 = 22,73KW
Cã I®m = P1/ = 41,1 A 3 . U 1 cos

M®m = P®m/ = 20/(2 .n/60) = 197N.m

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