 communication is a process

 communication occurs between two people (the

Nature of speaker and the receiver)
Communication  communication can be expressed through written
or spoken words
Message it consists of information, ideas

Channel considered as the medium or means in which

the encoded message is conveyed

Speaker source of the information or message

Encoding process of converting message into words

Decoding process of interpreting the encoded moments

Receiver recipient of the message

Feedback provided by the receiver through either

reactions

Context situation or environment where communication

takes place

Barrier miscommunication and misunderstanding occur

Shannon-Weaver depicts communication as a linear or one-way
Model process consisting of five elements: source
(producer of message), transmitter (encoder
of message), channel (signals adapted for
transmission), receiver (decoder of message),
and destination

Transaction Model two-way process with the inclusion of

feedback as one element

Schramm Model modified version of Shannon-Weaver, includes

field of experience

Control to control behavior

Social Interaction allows individuals to interact with each other

Motivation motivates or encourage people to live better

Emotional facilitates people's expression of their feelings

Expression
 Information to convey information
Dissemination

Speech Context deals with the people involved in a

communication process

Intrapersonal centers on one person where the speaker acts

both the sender and receiver of the message

Interpersonal communication between and among people and

establishes personal relationship between and
among them

Dyad Communication communication that occurs between two people

Small Group communication that involves at least 3 but not

more than 12
Public communication that requires you to deliver or
send the message before or in front of a group

Mass communication that takes place through

Communication multimedia platforms (TV's, radios, etc)

Speech Style dictates as to what appropriate language or

vocabulary should be used or observed

Intimate used in private, occurs between or among close

family members

Casual common among friends and peers

Consultative standard one, professional or mutually accepted

language is a must in this style

Formal one-way and used in formal settings

Frozen remains unchanged

 Speech Act utterance that the speaker makes to achieve an
intended effect

Assertive the speaker expresses beliefs

Directive the speaker tries to make the addressee

perform an action

Commissive commits the speaker to doing something in the

future

Expressive the speaker expresses his/her feelings

Declaration brings a change into existence

Communicative used to maintain and start a conversation

Strategies

Nomination collaboratively and productively establish a

topic, start a conversation

Restriction limitations you may have as a speaker

Turn-taking people decide who takes the conversation floor

Topic Control how procedural formality and informality

affects the development of topic

Topic Shifting moving from one topic to another

Repair speaker address the problem in speaking

Termination participants' close-initiating expressions