Unit 8: NEW WAYS TO LEARN

(Các cách mới để học)

A. VOCABULARY
New words Meaning Examples

Access You can easily access the Internet.

truy cập
/ˈækses/ Bạn có thể truy cập Internet dễ
(v) dàng.

Application
This device has many applications.
/ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən/ ứng dụng
Thiết bị này có nhiều ứng dụng.
(n)

Concentrate I can't concentrate on my work.

/ˈkɒnsəntreɪt/ tập trung Tôi không thể tập trung vào
(v) công việc.

This electronic device is used for

Device
sending messages.
/dɪˈvaɪs/ thiết bị
Thiết bị điện tử này được dùng
(n)
để gửi tin nhắn.

Digital My brother owns a digital camera.

/ˈdɪdʒɪtəl/ kĩ thuật số Anh trai tôi có một cái máy ảnh kĩ
(adj) thuật số.

One disadvantage of living abroad

Disadvantage bất lợi,
is language barriers.
/ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ khuyết
Một bất lợi của sống ở nước
(n) điểm
ngoài là rào cản ngôn ngữ.

He always tries to educate his son

Educate
well.
/ˈedʒukeɪt/ giáo dục
Anh ta luôn cố gắng giáo dục
(v)
con trai tốt.

Teachers can use educational I

thuộc giáo
Educational games to make lessons become
dục, mang
/ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl/ more interesting.
tính giáo
(adj) Các giáo viên có thể sử dụng các
dục
trò chơi mang tính giáo dục để
làm
 cho bài học thú vị hơn.

Use your fingertips to apply the

Fingertip
đầu ngón cream gently.
/ˈfɪŋɡətɪp/
tay Sử dụng đầu ngón tay để thoa kem
(n)
nhẹ nhàng.

Some people in the accident have

Identify
not been identified yet.
/aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ nhận dạng
Một vài người trong vụ tai nạn
(v)
vẫn chưa được nhận dạng.

He should improve his

Improve
pronunciation.
/ɪmˈpruːv/ cải thiện
Anh ấy nên cải thiện phát âm của
(v)
mình.

Instruction You should give the instruction

/ɪnˈstrʌkʃən/ hướng dẫn clearly.
(n) Bạn nên đưa ra hướng dẫn rõ ràng.

I like speaking English with native

Native
bản ngữ, speakers.
/ˈneɪtɪv/
bản xứ Tôi thich nói Tiếng Anh với
(adj)
người bản xứ.

Portable xách tay, có This portable computer is easy to

/ˈpɔːtəbl/ thể mang use.
(adj) theo Máy tính xách tay này dễ sử dụng.

You can download this software

Software
free from the Internet.
/ˈsɒftweər/ phần mềm
Bạn có thể tải phần mềm này miễn
(n)
phí trên mạng.

Syllable This word has three syllables.

/ˈsɪləbl/ âm tiết Từ này có 3 âm tiết.
(n)
 With the advances in technology,
people find it easier to keep in touch
Technology
with their friends.
/tekˈnɒlədʒi/ công nghệ
Với sự phát triển của công nghệ thì
(n)
con người cảm thấy dễ dàng liên
hệ
với bạn bè hơn.

It Is very convenient to take notn on

Touch screen
màn hình a touch screen.
/ˈtʌtʃ skriːn/
cảm ứng Rất thuận tiện do ghi chép trên
(n)
màn hình cảm ứng.

This application uses voice

Voice recognition
nhận dạng recognition technology.
/ˈvɔɪs rek.əɡˈnɪʃən/
tiếng nói Ứng dụng này sử dụng công
(n)
nghệ nhận dạng tiếng nói.

A. GRAMMAR
* RELATIVE CLAUSES (MỆNH ĐẾ QUAN HỆ)
1. Definition (Định nghĩa)
- Mệnh đề quan hệ (Relative clauses là: mệnh đề phụ dùng để giải thích rõ hơn về danh từ đứng trước
nó. Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng ngay sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa.
E.g: The girl is Nam's girlfriend. She is sitting next to me.
The girl who is sitting next to me is Nam's girlfriend.
- Mệnh đề quan hệ thường được nói với mệnh đề chính bằng các đại từ quan hệ (relative pronoum):
who whom, which, whose, that hoặc các trạng từ quan hệ (relative adverb) where, when, why
+ Who: được dùng làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người.
E.g: My close friend who sings very well is your brother.
+ Which: được dùng làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật.
E.g: Do you see the book which is on the table?
+ Whom: được dùng làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người.
E.g: The man whom I met yesterday is Hoa’s brother
+ Whose: được dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật đứng trước. Sau whose là danh từ mà
nó làm sở hữu.
E.g: Do you know the girl whose mother is a famous artist?
+ That: được dùng thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật. “That” dùng để thay thế cho “who, which”
trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.
E.g: I don’t like houses which/ that are very old.
Các trường hơp nên dùng "that”
- Khi nó đi sau các hình thức so sánh nhất
E.g: It is the most boring book that I have read
- Khi nó đi sau các từ: only, the first,...,the last
E.g: He is the first man that I have loved
 - Khi danh từ phía trước chỉ người và vật
E.g: He is talking about the people and places that he visited.
- Khi nó đi sau các đại từ bất định: nobody, no one, nothing, anything, any one, anybody, any, some,
someone, somebody, all...
E.g: These books are all that my grandmother left me

Các TH không được dùng “that”:

- Không dùng “ that” trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định ( không dùng “that” sau dấu phẩy)

- Không dùng”that” sau giới từ

-
+ Where: là trạng từ quan hệ để thay thế cho các từ/cụm từ chỉ địa điểm, nơi chốn.
E.g: This is my hometown. I was born and grew up here.
→This is my hometown where I was born and grew up.
+ When: là trạng từ quan hệ để thay thế cho cụm từ/từ chỉ thời gian.
E.g: That was the day. I met my wife on this day.
→ That was the day when I met my wife.
+Why: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason; for that reason …N(reason) +
WHY + S + V...
Eg: I don't know the reason. You didn't go to school for that reason.
→ I don't know the reason why you didn't go to school.
2. Classification (Phân loại)
* Mệnh đề quan hệ có hai loại: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và mệnh đề quan hệ không xác
a. Mệnh đề xác định
- Là mệnh đề được dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước nó, cần thiết cho ý nghã của câu, không có nó
câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa. Tất cả các đại từ quan hệ được sử dụng trong mệnh đề xác định.
E.g: Do you know the name of the man who came here yesterday.
=> Mệnh đề xác định không có dấu phẩy
b. Mệnh đề không xác định
- Là mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật, không có nó thì câu vẫn đủ nghĩa.
E.g: Miss Hoa, who taught me English, has just got married
=> Mệnh đề không xác định có dấu phẩy
* Note:
- That không được dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.
E.g: Mr John, whom I met last week, is Miss Nga's husban
3. Omission of relative pronouns (Lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ)
Các đại từ quan hệ “who, whom, which, that”... có thể được bỏ khi:
- Làm tân ngữ và phía trước không có giới từ:
E.g: This is the house that/ which I have bought for 10 years.  This is the house I have bought for 10
years (Đây là ngôi nhà mà tôi đã mua được 10 năm.)
* Note: Lược bỏ đại từ quan hê chỉ dùng cho mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BÀN
Bài 1: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
1. She is talking about the author book is one of the best-sellers this year.
A. which B. whose C. that D. who
2. He bought all the books are needed for the next exam.
A. that B.what C. those D. who
3. The children parents are famous teachers, are taught well.
A. that B. whom C. whose D. their
4. Do you know the boy we met at the party last week?
A. which B. whose C. where D. whom
5. The exercises which we are doing very easy.
A. is B. has been C. are D. was
6. The man next to me kept talking during the film, really ennoyed me.
A. having sat/ that B. sitting/ which C. to sit/ what D. sitting/ who
7. Was Neil Armstrong the fisrt person set foot on the moon?
A. when B. which C. who D. whom
8. This is the village in my family and I have lived for over 20 years.
A. which B. that C. whom D. where
9. My mother, everyone admires, is a famous teacher.
A. where B. whom C. which D. whose
10. The old building is in front of my house fell down
A. of which B. which C. whose D. whom

Bài 2: Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, which, whose).

1. I This is the bank was robbed yesterday.
2. A boy brother is in my class was in the bank at that time.
3. The man robbed the bank is my old friend.
4. He wore a mask made him look like Mickey Mouse.
5. He came with a friend waited outside in the car.
6. The woman gave him the money was young.
7. The bag contained the money was yeilow.
8. The people were in the bank were very frightened.
9. A man mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
10. A woman daughter was crying tried to calm her.
Bài 3: Rewrite the sentences using who, whose and which.
1. A tiger is an animal. It is very strong.
→ A tiger is an animal which is very strong.
2. A novelist is a person. He writes novels.
→ A novelist is a person who writes novels.
3. A bottle opener is a device. It opens bottles.
→ A bottle  opener which opens bottles. is a device
4. The girl speaks French. Her mother writes poems.
→ The girl whose mother writes poems speaks French. .
5. A detective is someone. He discovers the truth about crimes.
→ A detective is someone who discovers the truth about crimes.
Bài 4: Complete the text with relative pronoun/ adverbs.
My daughter (1) is studying English at Oxford is going on holiday. Her boyfriend Tim invited
her to London (2) he bought a new house last month. She is putting all her clothes into the
suitcase (3) she has just bought. Her sister, (4) has nothing better to do is watching her.
The train (5) she is going to catch leaves at 11 a.m. Tim, (6) house she is going to
stay in, is a doctor too. Tim is coing for her to the station in a new car (7) his parents gave him
for his birthday. His parents are coming to London too. My daughter, (8) has never met them
before, is very excited about it.
Bài 5: Underline any relative pronouns that can be left out in these sentences.
1. I think that my boss is the person whom I admire most.
2. We are taking the train that leaves at 6.00.
3. Have you seen the book that I left on the desk?
4. My radio, which isn’t very old, has suddenly stopped working.
5. Last week I ran into an old friend whom I hadn't seen for ages.
6. The couple who met me at the bus stop took me out to dinner.
7. The bag in which the robbers put the money was found later.
8. I really like the tea which you made me this morning.
Bài 6: Rewrite each pair of sentences as one sentence using relative pronouns in the brackets.
1. We want to visit a temple. 11 opens at 7.00. (that)
→ The temple
2. A boy s bike was taken. He went to the police station. (whose)
→ The boy
3 A friend met me at the airport. He carried my suitcase. (who)
→ The friend
4. Nam cooked a meal. It was delicious. (that)
→The meal
5. The friend is staying with me. She comes from Vietnam. (who)
→ The friend
6. I found man’s wallet. He gave me a reward. (whose)
→ The man
7. I go to the shop in the centre. It is cheaper. (that)
→ The shop in the centre
8. I went to a girl’s party. She phoned me. (whose)
→ The girl

BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO

Bài 7: Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, which, whose).
1. I talked to the man whose car had broken down in front of the shop.
2. Mr Nick, who is a taxi driver, lives on the corner.
3. We often visit our uncle in Hanoi, which is the capital city of Vietnam.
4. This is the girl who comes from Japan.
5. That's Tim. the boy who has just arrived at the airport.
6. Thank you very much for your book which is very interesting.
7. That man, whose father is a professor, forgot his umbrella.
8. The children, who shouted in the street, are not from our school.
 9. The car, whose driver is a young man, is from Korea.
10. What did you do with the money which your mother lent you?
Bài 8: Choose the correct answer in the brackets.
1. A hotel is a place (which/ where) people stay when they're on holiday.
2. What's the name of the woman (who/ whose) lives in that house?
3. What do you call someone (which/ that) writes computer programs?
4. A waiter is a person (that/ whose) job is to serve customers in a restaurant.
5. Overalls are cloches (where/ which) people wear to protect their clothes when they are working.
6. Is that the shop (where/ that) you bought your new laptop?
7. He’s the man (who/ whose) son plays football for Liverpool
8. Mark didn't get the job (that/ where) he applied for.

Bài 9: Choose the correct relative pronoun or relative adverb

1. The woman who is sitting at the desk is Mr. John’s secretary.
2. I cannot remember the reason why he wanted us to leave.
3. Kelly, whose mother is a physician, is very good at biology.
4. She didn't see the snake which was lying on the ground.
5. Do you know the shop where Michael picked me up?
Bài 10: Combine the sentences with relative clauses. (Decide whether to use commas or not)
1. A monk is a man. The man has devoted his life to God.
A monk is a man who has devoted his life to God.
2. I have one black cat. His name is Mickey.
I have one black cat, whose name is Mickey.
3. A herbivore is an animal. The animal feeds upon vegetation.
A herbivore is an animal that feeds upon vegetation.
4. Sue plays the piano very well. She is only 8 years old.
Sue, who is only 8 years old, plays the piano very well.
5. Sydney is the largest Australian city. It is not the capital of Australia.
Sydney, which is not the capital of Australia, is the largest Australian city.
Bài 11: Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction.
1. The man for (A) who the police (B) are looking (C) robbed (D) the bank last week.
2.Today, (A) the number of people (B) whom moved into this city (C) is almost double (D) that of
twenty years ago.
3. They work (A) with (B) a person (C) his name (D) is John.
4. (A) The man (B) whom you (C) are looking for (D) living in this neighborhood
5. (A) His father warned (B) him not (C) repeating (D) that mistake again
6. My mother (A, will fly to Hanoi (B) that is (C) the capital city (D) of Wetnam
7. She (A) is (B) the.most beautiful girl (C) whose I have (D) ever met
8. Every student (A) who (B) majors in English (C) are ready to participate (D) in this contest.
Bài 12: Complete the sentences with relative pronouns/ adverbs.
1. Let me see the letter which you have written.
2. Is there anyone that can help me do this?
3. Mr. Brown, who is only 34, is the director of this company.
4. I know a Place where roses grow in abundance.
5. It was the nurse who told me to come in.
 6. The teacder with whom we studied last year no longer teaches in our school.
7. They showed me the hospital whose buildings had been destroyed by US bombings.
8. We saw many soldiers and tanks that were moving to the front.
Bài 13: Combine the sentences, using relative clauses.
1. Most of the people speak German. They live in Australia.
→ Most of the people who live in Australia speak German.
2. This bus isn't running today. It goes to Hung Yen.
→ This bus, which goes to Hung Yen, isn't running today
3. I don't like the man. He is going out with my sister.
→ I don't like the man who / that is going out with my sister.
4. Michelangelo is one of Italy's greatest artists. He lived until he was 90.
→ Michelangelo, who lived until he was 90, is one of Italy's greatest artists.
5. Mary was staying with her friend. He has a big house in Scotland.
→  Mary was staying with her friend, who has a big house in New York.
6. The person asked me some very difficult questions. He interviewed me.
→ The person who / that interviewed me asked me some very difficult questions.
7. Charlie Chaplin became a very rich man. He was from a poor family.
→ Charlie Chaplin, who was from a poor family, became a very rich man.
8. That bike was too expensive. He wanted to buy it.
→ that bike, which he wanted to buy, was too expensive.