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2022 年 1 月 Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development Jan. 2022
软土地基的大跨高深框架桥受力性能研究
伟 ,黄福云 ,罗 英 ,李孝龙 ,俞登敏
1 2 1 1 2
刘
( 1. 中建五局土木工程有限公司,湖南 长沙 410004; 2. 福州大学 土木工程学院,福建 福州 350108)
摘要: 软土具有天然含水量高、孔隙比大、压缩性高、渗透性弱、抗剪强度和承载能力低等特点,在软土地基上修
建框架桥会引起地基沉降、结构产生附加应力及不均匀变形。依托沿海软土地基某大跨高深框架桥,采用 ABAQUS
建立计算模型,分析覆土厚度、框架桥高宽比等参数对软基地表的沉降曲线和框架桥结构受力性能的影响。结果表
明: 该框架桥地表沉降主要发生在以中隔墙为对称轴两侧的一定范围内; 地基产生的最大竖向变形随框架桥结构覆
土厚度的增加而增大; 随着框架桥高宽比的减小,框架桥底部的沉降形状由 “平底形” 变为 “凹字形”,即沉降槽
底部变得不平坦; 高宽比越小,中隔墙处软土地基地表沉降量随覆土厚度增长越快; 相同高宽比时覆土厚度对软土
地基沉降曲线变化规律几乎没有影响,只对软土地基的初始沉降有影响。框架桥最大应力出现在两侧腹板与顶板交
界处的内侧,并随着覆土厚度的增加而增大,且高宽比越小,最大应力增加的趋势越明显; 框架桥顶板最大竖向变
形及侧墙最大横向变形均随着顶板覆土厚度的增加而增大,并且高宽比越小,结构变形增加的趋势越快,说明高宽
比对框架桥的影响较大,建议该工程框架桥中的高宽比不宜小于 0. 33; 为防止实际工程中框架桥出现向内凹的侧向
失稳破坏,应该对高宽比进行一定的限制,建议该值不超过 1. 0。
关键词: 桥梁工程; 软土地基; 有限元法; 框架桥; 沉降; 应力; 变形
中图分类号: TU997 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1002-0268 ( 2022) 01-0088-08
LIU Wei 1 ,HUANG Fu-yun 2 ,LUO Ying 1 ,LI Xiao-long 1 ,YU Deng-min 2
( 1. China Construction Fifth Bureau Civil Engineering Co. ,Ltd. ,Changsha Hunan 410000,China;
2. School of Civil Engineering,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou Fujian 350108,China)
Abstract: Soft soil has the characteristics of high natural water content, large void ratio, high
compressibility,weak permeability,low shear strength and bearing capacity,etc. The construction of frame
bridge on soft soil foundation will cause foundation settlement,additional structural stress and uneven
deformation. Relying on a large-span high and deep frame bridge located on coastal soft soil foundation,the
calculation model is established by using ABAQUS software,and the influences of parameters such as
covering soil thickness and height-to-width ratio of frame bridge on the settlement curve of the soft ground
surface and the mechanical performance of frame bridge structure are analyzed. The result shows that ( 1) the
surface settlement of the frame bridge mainly occurs within a certain range at both sides of the central partition
wall as the axis of symmetry; ( 2) the maximum vertical deformation of the foundation increases with the
increase of the covering soil thickness of the bridge; ( 3) as the height-to-width ratio of the frame bridge
decreases,the settlement shape of the bottom of the frame bridge changes from “flat-bottom shape ” to
“concave shape”,that is,the bottom of the settlement tank becomes uneven; ( 4) the smaller the height-to-
收稿日期: 2020-12-23
基金项目: 福建省交通运输厅交通运输科技项目 ( 201905) ; 四川交通运输厅省交通科技项目 ( 2020-A-05)
作者简介: 刘伟 ( 1987-) ,男,湖南长沙人,高级工程师 . ( 674466350@ qq. com)
第1期 刘 伟,等: 软土地基的大跨高深框架桥受力性能研究 89
width ratio,the faster the surface settlement of the soft soil foundation at the central partition wall increases
with the overburden thickness; ( 5) with the same height-to-width ratio,the covering soil thickness has
almost no influence on the change rule of the settlement curve of soft soil foundation,but only affects the
initial settlement of the soft soil foundation; ( 6) the maximum stress of the frame bridge occurs at the inner
side of the junction between the webs on both sides and the roof,it increases with the increase of the
covering soil thickness,and the smaller the height-to-width ratio,the more obvious the increase of the
maximum stress; ( 7) the maximum vertical deformation of the roof of the frame bridge and the maximum
lateral deformation of the side wall increase with the increase of the roof covering soil thickness,the smaller
the height-to-width ratio,the faster the structural deformation increases,indicating that the height-to-width
ratio has great influence on the frame bridge,it is recommended that the height-to-width ratio in the actual
project should not be less than 0. 33; ( 8) to prevent the inwardly concave lateral instability of the frame
bridge,the restrictions on the height-to-width ratio should be taken,and it is recommended that the value
should not exceed 1. 0.
Key words: bridge engineering; soft soil foundation; finite element method; frame bridge; settlement;
stress; deformation
和粉质黏土内,计算中只考虑这 2 种土层。
( 6) 假设土体服从摩尔 -库伦屈服准则,通过该
项目地勘资料设定土体的 材 料 参 数, 如 表 1 所 示,
并在有限元软件 ABAQUS 中模拟软土地基。
( 7) 考虑到结构的对称性,为了提高计算效率,
图1 框架桥横断面 ( 单位: cm) 此次建模取结构的一半进行计算 。
Fig. 1 Cross-section of frame bridge ( unit: cm) 表1 有限元模型中材料的主要参数
Tab. 1 Main parameters of materials in FE model
图 3 框架桥荷载分布示意图
Fig. 3 Schematic Diagram of distribution of loads on frame bridge
第1期 刘 伟,等: 软土地基的大跨高深框架桥受力性能研究 91
表2 作用在框架桥上的荷载及取值
Tab. 2 Loads and corresponding values acting on frame bridge
名称 符号 取值
结构自重 G1 有限元模型自动计算
根 据 《 公 路 桥 涵 通 用 设 计 规 范 》 计 算:
行车荷载 Q1
Q1 = 6. 3 kN / m
根 据 《 公 路 桥 涵 通 用 设 计 规 范 》 计 算:
人群荷载 Q2
Q2 = 3. 5 kN / m
注: 取每延米计。
表3 各工况荷载取值
Tab. 3 Load value for each working condition
高宽比 h / b 0. 96 0. 49 0. 33 0. 25
-2
荷载 / ( kN·m )
h /m
G2 G 3( h 1 ) G 3( h 2 )
图4 计算模型及网格划分
0 0 0 62. 7
Fig. 4 Calculating model and meshing
1 19. 76 5. 7 68. 4
1. 5 29. 64 8. 55 71. 25
原因使地壳物质产生内应力效应。为此,模拟土体时
2 39. 52 11. 4 74. 1
需要一个位移为 0,但应力不为 0 的初始状态,称其
图6 不同工况下的地表沉降曲线
Fig. 6 Curves of ground surface settlement in different cases
第1期 刘 伟,等: 软土地基的大跨高深框架桥受力性能研究 93
图7 不同高宽比下的地表沉降曲线
Fig. 7 Surface settlement curves with different height-to-width ratios
图8 软土地基沿深度方向的沉降曲线
Fig. 8 Settlement curves of soft soil foundation along depth
direction