18 Area of

a Trapezium and
a Polygon

AREA OF A TRAPEZIUM

rapezium A trapezium is a quadrilateral having one pairf

parallel opposite sides.
h
In the given figure,. ABCD is a trapezium in which
AB || DC.
M
Each of the two parallel sides of a trapezium is called
its base.

Thus, AB and DC are the bases of trap. ABCD.

Draw CLL AB and DM L AB.
Let CL = DM = h. Then, h is called the height or altitude of trap. ABCD.

A trapezium ABCD 1is said to be isosceles

an
trapezium if its nonparallel sides AD
and BC are equal.
Area of a Trapezium Let ABCD be a trapezium in uwhich AB || DC and let h be the
height.
Then, area
of trap. ABCD ={ x (AB+DC)x h sq units.

PROOF Join AC. Draw CL 1 AB and AM L CD

(produced).
Let CL = AM = h.

Area of trap. ABCD =ar{A ABC)+ ar(A ACD)

M D

ABCL x DC x AMM

-ABxh*Dcxh
x(AB+ DC) xh} sq units.
area ofa trapezium=x(sum
2 of parallel sides) x
(distance between then
204
 205
Area of a Trapezium and a Polygon

SOLVED EXAMPLES
UMPLE1
Tuo parallel sides ofa trapezium are of lengths 27 cm and 19 cm respectibely.
and the distance between them is 14 cm. Find the area of the trapezlum.

Area of the trapeziumn

Stton
x (sum of parallel sides) x
(distance between them)
2

322 cm.
2(27+19) x14 em2 -x46x14 cm2=(23x14)cm2 =

EXAMPLE2.
The area ofa trapezium is 352 cm2 and the distance between its parallel sldes is
16 cm. f one of the parallel sides is of length 25 cm, ftnd the length of the other.

Soution
Let the length of the required side be x cm.
Then, area of the trapezium = x (25 +x)x 16 cm = (200 +8x) cm2.

But, the area of the trapezium =352 cm (given)

200+8x =352 » 8x = (352-200) =152 = x = =19.

Hence, the length of the other side is 19 cm.

EXAMPLE3.
The area ofa trapezium is 168 cm and ts height is 8 cm. f one of the parallel
sides is longer than the other by 6 cm,find the length of each of the parallel stdes.

Solution
Let the lengths of the parallel sides be x cm and (x +6) cm.
Then, area of the trapezium ={x(x+x+6) x 8 cm2=4(2x +6)cm
= (8x +24) cm .
But, area of the trapezium =168 cm (given)
144
x=- 18.
8x+24=168 8x =
(168-24) =144 8
18 and (18 +6) cm = 24 cm.
lengths of the parallel sides are cm

25 cm and 13 cm; its nonparallel sides are

EXAMPLE 4. The parallel sides of a trapezium are
equal, each being 10 cm. Find the area of the trapezium.
in which AB || DC, AB =25 cm, DC =13 cm
Solution Let ABCD be the given trapezium
AD B C =10 cm.
and M respectively.
Draw CL 1 AB and CM || DA, meeting AB at L
Clearly, AMCD is a |lgm.
D
AM DC =13 cm.

(25-13) cm = 12 cm.
MB (AB -AM) =

10 cm and CB 10 cm.

Now, CM = DA =

MB
ACMB is an isosceles triangle and CL L

Lis the midpoint of MB

12 cm =
6 cm.

ML =LB
we have:
From right ACLM, 100 -36) cm2 = 64 cm2
-6}cm
=

CL2= (CM2 -ML?) {(10)

=

8 cm
CL 64 cm
=
=
8 cm. trapezium
=

height of the
 206
Mathematics for Class 8

of trap. ABCD -25+13) 8 cm-388 cm

= (38 x 4) cm 2 = 152 c m .

EXAMPLE S5. ABCD is a trapezium i in which AB | | DC, AB = 78 cm. CD = 52

cm, AD =28
and BC cm
30 cm. Find the area ofthe trapezlum.
Solutton Draw CL1 AB and CM | DA, meeting AB at L and M respectively
Clearly. AMCD is D 52 cm
MC = AD =
a
parallelogram.
28 cm and AM = DC = 52 cm
MB = (AB - AM) = (78 - 52) cm = 26 cm.
Thus, in ACMB. we have:
CM = 28 cm, MB = 26 cm and BC = 30 cm. M
78 cm-
S ( 2 8 + 2 6 +30) cm = 42 cm, (s - a) = (42-28) cm = 14 cm,

(S-b) = (42 2 6 ) cm = 16 cm and (s - c) = (42-30) cm =12 cm.

ar(A CMB) = Vs{s - alls - b)(s -c)

= v42x14 x16x12 cm2 =(14 x 4x6) cm = 336 cm2.

x MB x CL =336 cm2 x26x CL = 336 cm2 CL =|336

13 cm

area of trap. ABCD =x(AB+ +DC)xCL sq units

x (78 +52) x cm2

13
3 0 x336
x130x 113 cm =1680 cm2.
EXAMPLE 6. The
adjacent figure shows the diagram of
a picture
frame having outer dimensions 28 cm x32 cm and
inner dimensions 20 cm x 24
cm.f the width of each
section is the same, find the area of each section of
theframe.
20cm G

Solution Width of section AEFB D -28 cm-

=width of section CGHD
(32 24) cm = 4 cm.
2
4 cm
Width of section AEHD =
width of section BFGC

(28-20) cm = 4 cm.
Clearly, each section of the frame is a
trapezium. 4 cm
Area of section AEFB of=
section
area CGHD
x(28+20) x 4 cm =96 cm2. H 20 cm G
4 cm
Area of section AEHD =
area of section BFGC 28cm

={x(32+24) x4 cm 2 =112 cm2

 Area of a 207
Trapezium and a Polygon
EXERCISE 18A
area of a trapezium whose parallel sides are 24 n and 20 cm and the distance
Find the area
between them 15 cm.
ea
Find the area of a trapezium whose and the
distance etween them is 16 cm.
parallel sides are 38.7 cm and 22.3 cm.

rhe shape of the top surface of a table is trapezium. Its parallel

m-

es are 1 m and 1.4 m and the

sides
perpendicular distance between
0.9 m
Find its area.
them is O.9
m.

14m
35 cm.
The area ofa trapezium is 1080 cm2. Ifthe lengths ofits parallel sides be 55 cm and
find the distance between them.
seA feld is n the
form of a trapeztunm. Its area is 1586 and the distance between its
m
parallel sides is 26 m. If one of the parallel sides is 84 m, find the other
is 405 cm". Its parallel sides are in the ratio 4:5 and the distance
6. The area ofa trapezium

between them is 18 cm. Find the length of each of the parallel sides.
of the parallel sides is
7. The area of a trapezium is 180 cm and its height is 9 cm. If one
longer than the other by 6 cm, find the two parallel sides.
of the
sides is twice the other. If the area
8. In a trapezium-shaped field, one of the parallel m, find
between the two parallel sides is 84
field is 9450 m and the perpendicular distance
sides.
the length of the longer of the parallel
of a trapezium-shaped field ABCD is 130
m
h e length of the fence AD
to each of the parallel sides
9

and side AB is perpendicular of

m and AD 42 m, find the area
and BC. If BC 54 m, CD =19
=
=

the field. 3

ABCD is a trapezium in which AD || BC, A 16 cm D

1In the given figure, 40 Find the
=41 cm and BC cm.
=

LABC =
90°, AD = 16 cm, AC 41 cm
area of the trapezium.
Hint. AB =(AC2-BC. B 0 cm

and 10 cm. Its nonparallel

sides are both equal.
of a trapezium are 20
cm
sides
The parallel of the trapezium.
each being 13 cm. Find the area
11 while its nonparallel sides are
are 25 cm and
cm,
12. The parallel sides of atrapezium
15 cm and 13 cm. Find the area of the trapezium.

POLYGON
AREA OF A
We
form of regular or irregular polygons.
generally in the
that the plots and fields
are
Wek
now rectangles, parallelograms
and trapeziums.
find neir areas by dividing them into triangles,
AREA OF A QUADRILATERAL
which BD is one
of its diagonals.
LetABCD be agiven
s a quadrilateral in

LetAL L BD and CM LBD.

Let AL h and CM =hg. Then,
 Mathematien for Clasn 8
208

area of quad. ABCDD

arfA ABID) +ar(a BCD)
BD BDCM
2

BDh, BDh
B1 th, h,)sq units
EXAMPLE 1 In the given figure, ABCD Is a quadrtlateral tn whlch
BD 14 cm. AlL I BD. CM BD such that AlL 6 cm
and CM-8 cm. Find the area of quad. ABCD
Sotuton Area of quad. ABCID = ar(a ABD) +ar(A BCD)

-BD AL. BD CM

x14 x8 cm =
(42 +
56) cm 98 cm?
AREA OF IRREGULAR POLYGONSs

EXAMPLE 2 Find the area of the given pentagon ABCDE tn

which each one of BF, CH and EG s
perpendicular to AD such that AF =9 cm,
AG 1 3 cm. AH = 19 cm, AD = 24 cm, BF = 6 cm,
CH = 8 cm and EG = 9 cm.

Solution Area of the given pentagon ABCDE

ar(A ABF)+ar(trap. BCHF) + ar(ACHD) +ar{A ADE)

AFBF1BCH) Fu HDCH ADEG

=5AF xBF BF +CH)x{AH -AF) AD AH)xCH
*AD xEG

9616.8)x09-9 24-19)x8 249cm

=(27 +70 +20 +108) cm = 225 cm4.

EXAMPLE3. Find the area of the glven hexagon ABCDEF in

whtch each one of BG, CI EJ and FH ls
perpendicular to AD and t ts betng glven that AG
= 6 cm, AH 10 cm, Al
=
18 cm, AJ = 21 cm,
=

AD = 27 cm, BG = 5 cm, CI = 6 cm, EJ= 4 cm

and FH = 6 cm.

Solution Area of the given hexagon ABCDEF

artA AGB) + arltrap. BCIG) +ar(4CID) + ar(4 DJE) + ar(trap. EFHJ) + ar(A AHF)

AGx BG+ BGC)xG DC5DEJ

EJFH)x Hu+x AH xFH
- 5-y +3
 Area of a 209
Trapezium and a Polygon

2AGBG BGChxAI-AG AD-A-C

x
(AD -AJ)x EJ +FH)x-A AHPH
65 5.6-18- 7-18)%6 27-21)*4
2

-1-1010-6 m
=
(15 +66 +27 +12 +55 +30) cm2 =
205 cm".
In the given figure ABCDE is a
EXAMPLE4.

in which DE
pentagonal park
DC, AB BC =CE EA 25 m
=
= =

and its total height is 41 m. Find the area of

the park.

Solution
Draw DL 1 EC.
Clearly. DL = (41-25) m =16 m.
area of the park = ar(sq. ABCE) + artADEC)

-
125x25)-*25x16 m 25 m-

= 825 m2

AREA OF REGULAR POLYGONS

ABCDEF in
EXAMPLE 5. Find the area of the glven hexagon 11
which each side measures5 cm, height BE =

cm and width FD = 8 cm.

11 cm 5 cm

Solution Join BE. Then,

F
4 C-L
ar(hexagon ABCDEF)
= ar(trap. ABEF) + ar(trap. BCDE)
2x
ar(trap. ABEF) 8 CM

2x(AP +BE) xFL, where FL

LBE

(5+11)x4cm2 FL=FD=4 cm

A 5 cm B
64 cm
4 cm
ABCDEFGH having
EXAMPLE 6. Find the a r e a of a n octagon and HF
to 5 cm, HC =11 cm L 11 cm
each side equal
4 cm.
AL LHC such that AL
=

D
Area (octagon ABCDEFGH)
Solution
ABCH)+ar(rect. HCDG) +ar(trap. GDEF)
ar(trap. E
+ar(rect. HCDG)
2 xar(trap. ABCH)
2xx(AB +HC)xAL+(HG xHC)
119 cm2
=(64 +55) cm
" =

I{5 +11)x4} +(5 x11)]

cm
=
 210 Mathematics for Class 8

EXERCISE 18B
nthe given fAgure. ABCD 1s a quadrilateral in which
AC = 24 cm, BL 1 AC and DM 1 AC such that BL 8 cm and
DM =7 cm. Find the of
area quad. ABCD.

2. n the given figure. ABCD is a quadrilateral-shaped field in

which diagonal BD is 36 m, AL 1 BD and CM L BD such that
AL =19 m and CM =11 m.
Find the area of field. the

3. Find the area of pentagon ABCDE in which BL 1 AC, DM L AC

and EN L AC such that AC = 18 cm, AM =14 cm, AN = 6 cm,
BL =4 cm, DM =
12 cm and EN =9 cm.

4. Find the area of hexagon ABCDEF in which BL LAD, CM

LAD,
EN L AD and FP1 AD such that AP = 6 cm, PL = 2 cm,
LN 8 cm, NM
=
2 cm, MD 3 cm, FP
BL = 8 cm and CM = 6 cm.
=
8 EN =
12 = cm, =
cm,

5. Find the area of pentagon ABCDE in which BL 1 AC, CM L AD

and EN L AD such that AC =10 cm, AD =12 cm, BL
CM = 7 cm and EN = 5 cm.
=3 cm,

20
A

6. Find the area enclosed by the given figure ABCDEF as per E 6 cm D

dimensions given herewith.
8 cm

20cm
20 cm

20 c m -
 Area of a 211
Trapezium and a Polygon
he
FYnd the area of given figure ABCDEFGH H
as per dimensions 5 cm
gvenin it. 5 cm
Hint. AC =HF =52-4 cm= v9 em=3 cm. G
Given area = ar(rect. ADEH) + 2arnA ABC). BA Cm F4 cm
|4 Cm
4 cm

D 8cm E

Cind the area of a regular hexagon ABCDEF in which each side 13 cm

neasures l3 cm and whose height is 23 cm. as shown In the

given figure.
DM Xx, LM BC =13
Hint. Let AL cm.
= = =

23 cm 13cm
X+13+X = 23 > 2x = 10 = x =5.
M

FL2=AF2-AL =(13)-5 =(169 -25)=144

FL =12 cm.
area Qf the given hexagon =2 x (area of trap. ADEF).

EXERCISE 18C

0BJECTIVE QUESTIONS

a n s w e r in each of the following:

Tick() the correct 18 cm and the distance
between them
m e a s u r e 14 cm and
sides of a trapezium
1. The parallel
area of the trapezium
is
is 9 cm. The (d) 207cm
(c) 189 cm2
a) 96 cm
(b) 144 cm and its area is 128
cm
are 19 cm and
13 cm

2. The lengths of the parallel ofa trapezium sides

sides is
.The distance between the parallel (c) 8 cm
(d) 12.5 cm
(b) 7 cm distance
(a) 9 cm 4 and the perpendicular
are in the ratio 3
shorter of the
3. The parallel sides of a trapezium 630 cm , then its
If the area of the trapezium is
between them is 12 cm.
parallel sides is (c) 60 cm
(d) 36 cm
(b) 42 cm sides is
a) 45 cm one of the parallel
is 180 cm height is 9 cm. If
and its
of a trapezium sides is
4. The area of the longer of the parallel
cm, the length
longer than the other by 6 (c) 18 cm
(d) 24 cm
(b) 23 cm
(a) 17 cm
f DC =7 cm, o 7cm
and DA L AB.
In the given figure,
AB || DC ABCD is
,
and CL L AB,
the area
of trap.
BC =10 cm, AB 13 cm 10 cm
=
(b) 72 cmn
(a) 84 cm (d) 91 cm2
(c) 80 cm
13 cm

Thin to Remember
opposite sides.
having one pair ofparallel
quadrilateral
. Trapeztum is a
distance betuween them
sides x

. Area ofa trapezium =x

sum
of parallel
2