Tavi 1 tkbil-mware masmedia

XX saukunis 80-iani wlebidan politikurma da socialurma procesebma saxe

ucvales mTel samyaros. istoriam gansakuTrebiT “umata svlas” XXI saukunis
dasawyisSi. aSkara Seiqna, rom msoflio stabiluroba aramdgradma samyarom
Secvala. mimdinare procesebma msoflio sazogadoebas SesTavazes axali,
erTmaneTTan mWidrod dakavSirebuli gamowvevebi. am realobidan gamomdinare
Tanamedrove sazogadoebrivsa Tu politikur cxovrebaSi masmediis roli sruliad
axleburad ganisazRvra. Secvlilma Rirebulebebma igi metad CarTo socialur Tu
politikur dapirispirebebSi. gaxada erT-erTi ZiriTadi monawile im procesebisa,
romelmac unda Camoayalibos gawonasworebuli da tolerantuli msoflio axali
sazogadoeba. politikuri miswrafebebis realuri arsi sazogadoebas masmediuri
saSualebebiT miewodeba, rac mniSvnelovnad zrdis mis rols. XXI saukunis
dasawyisSi kidev ufro metad warmoCinda gaZlierebuli interesi am uaRresad
mniSvnelovani fenomenisadmi. isini - saxelmwifo politika da masmedia,
urTierTobis sruliad axal formaze gadavidnen, rac gulisxmobs umWidroes
TanamSromlobas rogorc sagareo, aseve saSinao politikaSi. kerZod, saxelmwifom
masmediisagan sazogadoebrivi Tanxmobis uzrunvelyofa moiTxova. masmedia
saxelmwifos mmarTvelobis anu politikis universaluri arqiteqturis gaxda.
masmedias kargad esmis, rom saxelmwifos erT-erTi safuZveli moqalaqeTa Soris
Tanxmoba da maTi interesebis dacvaa, amdenad sazogadoeba, romelic
warmoadgens “cocxlebis, gardacvlilebis da jer ardabadebulTa mTlian jaWvs”
masmediuri zrunvis ZiriTadi sagania, romlis ganxorcielebisas igi emyareba
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis politikur Sexedulebebsa da saerTaSorisod aRiarebul
faseulobebs. masmediis nebismier warmomadgenels unda axsovdes, rom cxovreba
cvalebadi da daudgromelia, WeSmariteba ki cvlilebebs “naklebad megobrobs”,
radganac, Tavisi bunebiT, maradiuli wesrigis binadaria. masmediam saxelmwifo
politikis sxvadasxva sferos kvlevisas aucileblad unda gaiTvaliswinos TiToeuli
maTganis individualuroba da isic, rom politika zogjer erTianobis, zogjer ki igi
sapirispiro ideebisa da Teoriebis macdunebeli nazavia, sadac TiToeul faqts Tavis
logikur uzrunvelyofasTan erTad inteleqtualuri Zalebi da Rrma adamianuri vnebani
gansazRvraven. saxelmwifo politikis erT-erTi ZiriTadi niSani gaxlavT is, rom igi
qveynis, dRevandelobisa Tu momavlis, umTavresi, ganmsazRvreli faqtoria,
rac aucileblad moiTxovs mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis marTebul, swor gadawyvetas.
masmediam aucileblad “yuri unda ugdos” am rTul da faqiz process, Tumca
“kerpTTayvanismcemluri” damokidebuleba romelime politikuri subieqtisadmi ar
unda iqonios. saxelmwifo politikasTan urTierToba masmedias mraval tkbil-
mwares ganacdevinebs. es ukanaskneli yovelTvis “ar mihyveba” logikur analizs da
xSirad agebulia ara mxolod klasikur gamocdilebaze, aramed spontanurad Seqmnili
politikuri situaciis pragmatulad gamoyenebis surviliT ganisazRvreba. politikuri
elita saxelmwifo politikis marTvis centrad moiazrebs politikosTa im wres,
romelsac Tavad meTaurobs. bunebrivia, masmedias ainteresebs “am gaerTianebis”
yoveli “axali faqti”, raTa Tvalsmoridebuli politikuri Sexedulebebi droulad
gaiTavisos. amave dros sruliad gaumarTlebeli iqneboda masmediis varaudi imis
Sesaxeb, rom politikuri gundi am “sasurvels” mas “droze adre” gaumxels.
koordinebis xarisxi saxelmwifo politikasa da masmedias Soris cvalebadia,
SeiZleba iTqvas, aramyaric, radgan cvalebadia Tavad politika, romelsac
saxelmwifo mimarTavs. masmediisagan politikis “Seswavla” niSnavs im impulsTa
gaazrebas, romelmac moZraobaSi moiyvana esa Tu is politikuri azri. faqtia, rom
calkeul pirovnebaTa politikuri “temperamenti” zogjer gadamwyvet zegavlenas
axdens saxelmwifo politikaze. rig SemTxvevaSi, TiToeuli maTgani sakuTari
interpretaciiTaa “gatacebuli”, rac safrTxes uqmnis saxelmwifo politikis mTavar
mizans, radganac erTiani ideis drosac ki TvalSi sacemia uamravi, gansxvavebeli
SexedulebebiT aRWurvil politikosTa simravle. saxelmwifos politikuri orientacia
didad gansazRvravs mis “qcevas” saerTaSoriso arenaze, migvaniSnebs mis mier
aRiarebul moralur princi pebze, tradiciul kavSirebsa da mosalodnel qmedebebze.
politika transformirebadia da kargad flobs gardasaxvis xerxebs. Tumca, am
cvalebadobiT mizani ucvleli rCeba. politika amouwurav SesaZleblobaTa
xelovnebaa, romelic adamianis gonis umaRles safexurze miuTiTebs. politikis
cvalebadoba mTlianadaa damokidebuli cxovrebiseul realobaze, romelic drois
Sesabamisad icvlis politikuri TviTdamkvidrebis xerxebsa da meTodebs. politika
xSirad “maradiuli bavSvis” STabeWdilebasac stovebs, mizezi amisa - misi
“gauTavebeli Wirveulobaa”. nebismieri politikuri mimarTuleba ibadeba da
viTardeba. masmediis upirvelesi sakvlevic swored am procesSia. am gzaze igi
xSirad Tavidan ver aicilebs damabrkolebel winaaRmdegobebs, romelic iqneba
manam, sanam iarsebebs ori “dapirispirebuli” mxare _ masmedia da politika.
marTalia, maT Soris Znelad miiRweva harmonia, magram misken ltolva, orives
saSualebas miscemda sakiTxTa arsebiTi mxarisaTvis “miewvdinaT xeli”. es
iqneboda maTi yvelaze srulqmnili urTierTSemecneba. amave dros isic cnobilia,
rom “azrTa gamriged” masmedia mxolod maSin moiazreba, rodesac igi
sazogadoebis maRali ndobiT sargeblobs. masmediis nebismier warmomadgenelSi
inteleqtualur TvisebaTa siuxve misi srulqmnilebis niSania. es ukanaskneli ki
grZnobad-konkretul samyarosTan mniSvnelovan wilnayarobaze migviTiTebs.
masmediisagan saxelmwifo politikis (ise rogorc nebismieris) swori aRqma da
sazogadoebaSi aqcentireba xels uwyobs mis gavrcelebasa da Sesabamis sivrceSi
kidiT kidemde ganfenas. eTikuri, esTetikuri da inteleqtualuri normebis
damkvidreba politikaSi safuZvels uyris adekvaturi bunebis mqone masmediis
arsebobas. Tu saxelmwifo politika “gonivrul moqmedebaTa anareklia”, maSin
masmedias mtkice safuZveli uCndeba moqmedebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis.
politika garkveuli piris an pirTa “Semoqmedebis nayofia”, romelic Tavidanve
irCevs mTavar mizanTan misaRwev gzebs, aucileblad iTvaliswinebs SesaZlebel
garTulebebs - “gverdiT movlenebs”, romlebic, rogorc wesi, aucileblad iCenen
Tavs procesis msvlelobisas, amdenad politikuri “Canafiqri” Tavidanve Seicavs
rogorc aucileblad gasaxorcielebels, aseve “dasaTmobsac”. suverenis roli
saxelmwifo politikaSi udidesia, igi maqsimalurad unda Seecados rom politika,
romelsac is meurveobs, misi “sidiadis Sesaferi” iyos. marTebulad warmoqmnili
politikuri idea, msgavs politikasa da liders Sobs da, piriqiT. politikaSi xelaRebiT
mowoneba iseve ara sworia, rogorc xelaRebiT uaryofa. politikam masmediis
saSualebiT marTalis, utyuari motivebiT aRWurvilis, Zalmosileba unda SeiZinos,
raTa naklebi winaaRmdegobiT SeZlos sasurvelis miRweva. nebismier saxelmwifo
politikaSi arsebobs mudmivi da cvalebadi interesi. isini maSin axdenen mTeli
sazogadoebis “eqspansias”, rodesac moiazrebian swori, marTebuli azris simbolod.
erTiani ideis cxovelmyofeloba gansakuTrebuli xibliT warmoaCens politikisa da
masmediis urTierTkavSirs. Jurnalisti RirsebiT unda epyrobodes nebismieri ideis
safuZvelze warmoSobil sxvadasxva azrs, radganac “pluralizmi friad gonivruli
kompromisia, romelic Tavidan agvacilebs monizmis siZneleebs da, imavdroulad,
dasaSvebs xdis garkveul wesrigs”. [platoni, timeosi. Tb., 1994, gv.147] politikis
erT-erTi Tviseba misi siWrele da mravalferovnebaa, swored es faqtori
gansazRvravs rogorc mis konfiguracias, aseve Sinagan samyaros, rogorc
aRvniSneT, es ukanaskneli adamianis gons emyareba. romelic Tavisi bunebiT
mTlianad racionaluria. swored igi flobs da Seimecnebs saboloo Sedegebs. gza,
romelsac politika gaivlis sawyisidan finiSamde _ sakmaod rTulia da aucileblad
iTxovs mudmiv Tanadgomas. “sazrdo” romelic mas ama Tu im monakveTze
miewodeba dazRveul unda iqnas “yovelgvari mankierebisagan”, araswori
informaciisagan. masmediuri wyaroebi am funqciis brwyinvale Semsrulebelni
arian. sxvadasxva politikur ideaTagan TiToeuli Taviseburad iRwvis “qaosis
mosawesrigeblad”. isini gvTavazoben gegmas, romelmac idea realur Zalad unda
gadaaqcios. amave dros sapirispiro politikur azrTa uwyveti brZola garkveuli
ukompromisobiTac xasiaTdeba, isini gamudmebiT ejaxebian, isxleten da ireklaven
erTmaneTs. nebismieri politikuri koncefciis ganxilvisas upirvelesi adgili eTmoba
realobis grZnobad aRqmas, Semdgom _ gonivrul gansjas, romelTaganac prioriteti
aucileblad unda mieniWos ukanasknels, radganac swored is gvaZlevs WeSmarit
warmodgenebs. rac Seexeba grZnobad aRqmas, igi TiTqmis yovelTvis
“gvatyvevebs”, radganac emociazea gaTvlili. gonivruli gansja, marTalia,
metnaklebad daclilia emociebisagan, magram realobiTaa aRsavse. politikis
fundamenturi princi pi sxvadasxva xerxebiTa Tu saSualebiT misTvis sasurvelis
damkvidrebaa. mtkicebulebebis moZiebisa da TviTdamkvidrebis “eklian gzaze”
politikas “surs” masmedia moiazros im mokavSired, romelic mudmivad mxars
dauWers mas. es ki zogjer “tkbil-mware masmedias” sakmao uxerxulobas uqmnis,
radganac igi “cudad egueba” vasalur mdgomareobas da mTeli ZaliT
obieqturobasa da simarTleze dayrdnobiT liderobisaken miuwevs guli. amitomac
politikuri elita masmediisagan xSirad ver grZnobs Sermadinis fenomens, arc Tu ise
iSviaTad xdeba safuZveli maT Soris krizisuli urTierTobebis Camoyalibebisa.
masmedia da politika samaradJamod “arian gawirulni” TanamSromlobisaTvis.
rogorc politikis, aseve masmediis srulqmnili xati warmoudgenelia maTi
urTierTkavSiris gareSe. politikuri speqtri masmediasTan urTierTobisas Tavisi
gonebrivi sidiadis, Sinagani sinatifisa da daxvewilobis demonstrirebas axdens,
raTa am ukanasknelis simpaTia moipovos. masmedia, romelsac srulad
damsaxurebulad uwodeben gonierebis sxivosan Suqs, Tavisi jadoqruli xibliT da
momxibvleli mSvenierebiT exeba epoqis yvela aspeqtsa da sazogadoebis yvela
struqturul Wrils, awvdis mas fasdaudebel informacias. masmediuri TvalsazrisiT
yoveli politikuri movlena kavSirSia rogorc saxelmwifoebriv interesebTan, aseve
wminda adamianur vnebebTan, romelsac moqalaqeTa jgufi an calke individi
gamoxatavs, amdenad masmedia is meqanizmia, romelic pirveli grZnobs rogorc
politikur, aseve socialur biZgebs. sxvadasxva masmediuri wyaroebi WeSmaritebis
wvdomis gansxvavebul xerxebsa da saSualebebs iyeneben. vinc yvelaze Rrmad
Caswvdeba problemis Zireuli aspeqtebis yvelaze obieqtur suraTs, is pirveli
gamoavlens CvenTvis saintereso faqts. saxelmwifo mmarTvelobiTi sistemis
ganCxrekvisas sainformacio wyaroebi gansakuTrebul sibrZnes unda
mimarTavdnen. gaazrebuli urTierTkavSiri masmediasa da saxelmwifo politikas
Soris mTlianad gamoricxavs im saxifaTo cdomilebebs, romlebic ki SeiZleba,
nebsiT Tu uneblieT, warmoiSvas maTi Tanaarsebobis gzaze. cxovrebiseulma
diplomatiam didi sifrTxile da windaxeduloba SesZina masmedias, amitom igi
Tavis tradiciul damokidebulebas politikasTan mudmivad xvews da srulyofs.
masmedias unda axsovdes rom yvelaze Tamami azrebi da ideebi yvelaze daucvelni
da miusafarni arian. amitom maT avtorebs gansakuTrebuli SorsmWvreteloba da
winaswari gansjis unari unda axasiaTebdeT. ramdenadac martosulia Tamami azri
dasawyisSi, imdenad mravalricxovani xdeba igi gamarjvebis Semdeg, radganac
sakacobrio istoriaSi arasdros gamoilevian “qvegamxedvarni”. masmedia
valdebulia, gonivruli dasabuTebis meSveobiT, ama Tu im politikur iniciativaze,
WeSmariti warmodgena miawodos sazogadoebas. amave dros masmedias kargad
unda axsovdes rom nebismieri azris araswori interpretacia iwvevs realobis
sapirispiro aRqmas, romelic friad arasasurveli SedegiT mTavrdeba. masmediam,
sanam igi saboloo verdiqts gamoitans, politikur ZalTa survilebi aucileblad unda
“Seuwonasworos” sazogadoebriv azrs, riTac Tavidan aicilebs “pirwminda
SemTxveviTobebs”, romlebic massa da politikur wreebs Soris konstruqciuli
urTierTobis moSlis mizezi SeiZleba gaxdes. masmedia “maradmaZiebeli azris”
matarebelia, romelic “cdilobs” momavlis miseul xedvas “Seuwonos” saxelmwifos
politikis interesebi. mas kargad esmis rom politika udidesi sazrisis mqonea da rom
am sazriss miseuli “ganmartebac sWirdeba”. politika, romelic warmoadgens azrTa
da SexedulebaTa srulyofis xelovnebas, maqsimalurad cdilobs koncentrirebuli,
mtkice da gamZle formebi mianiWos Tavis namoRvawars. SemoqmedebiTi
energia, romelic ama Tu im politikur mimarTulebaSia Cadebuli, gajerebulia miznis
Sesaferisi TvisebebiT: saxelmwifo interesebiT, politikuri pativmoyvareobiT,
Zalauflebis wyurviliT, religiuri rwmeniT an socialuri konfliqtebiT. politikosis
xedvasa da cxovrebisadmi damokidebulebas gansazRvravs ara mxolod piradi
ganwyoba, aramed saxelmwifo interesic. am procesSi masmediur saSualebebs
eniWebaT udidesi pasuxismgebloba, raTa sazogadoebis TiToeul wevrs mieces
saSualeba sakuTari TvaliT Seafasos momxdaris an mosaxdenis yoveli detali.
masmediis survili – daeuflos politikis “metyvel faqtebs” – saSualebas miscems
mas drosa da sivrceSi sworad gansazRvros Tavisi moqmedeba, radganac
nebismieri politika saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis saerTo miswrafebebis
produqtia. masmedia unda Seecados i povos is gasaRebi, romliTac aixsneba tabu
im mniSvnelovan faqtorebze, romlebic praqtikulad gansazRvraven saxelmwifo
politikuri manqanis moZraobas. masmedia unda daxelovndes sinamdvilisa da
WeSmaritebis wvdomis yvela niuansSi, raTa daicvas Tavi garkveuli wreebis
axirebulobisagan. masmediam unda Seiswavlos da sakuTar gonebiT unda Seafasos
sxvadasxva politikur procesTa istoria, anu SeimuSaos codna imis Sesaxeb Tu ra
moutania politikur svlas bednierebisa Tu ubedurebis saxiT, raTa masze
dayrdnobiT SeZlos warsulisa Tu momavlis swori komentireba. Tu xelovneba da
mecniereba mZlavri iaraRia adamianis arsis amosacnobad, politika namdvilad
warmoadgens TiToeuli maTganis cxovrebisa da arsebobis fundaments, romelmac
Tavis droze ganapiroba maTi amgvarad ganviTareba. masmedias iotisodena
“saerToc ara aqvs” simSvidesa da kmayofilebasTan. yovel SemTxvevaSi es
Tvisebebi, misi bunebidan gamomdinare, namdvilad ver gamodgeba aqtiuri
poziciis SesanarCuneblad. masmediam Semoqmedebis gzaze, upirveles yovlisa,
unda gamoiyenos is garemo, romelsac zedmiwevniT icnobs. masmediuri niWis
erT-erTi gamoxatuleba javariani sityvaa. sityvismier xatSi Zalumad unda
igrZnobodes wrfeli sindisi, romelic zogisTvis tkbili iqneba, zogisTvis – mware.
masmediam politikuri moZraobis is marcvali unda SearCios, romelic yvelaze ukeT
gamoxatavs mis dedaazrs. masmediuri publicistika ar unda uqmnides arc mis
avtors da arc mkiTxvels pasiurobisa da gularxeinobis grZnobas, radganac
masmediuri cxovreba, pirvelyovlisa, niSnavs mudmiv sifxizlesa da profesiuli
arCevanisadmi erTgulebas. masmedia qmnis suraTs politikis Sesaxeb, cxovreba
misTvis is sarkea, saidanac kompleqtdeba misi “mxatvruli tilos” yvela personaJi.
dauRalavi Sroma masmediisaTvis yvelaze metad niSneulia, radgan survili politikur
“TamaSebSi” monawileobisa arasdros kvdeba, ise rogorc _ Tavad politika.
politikuri sakiTxebis kvlevisas masmedias gansakuTrebuli pasuxismgebloba da
argumentacia sWirdeba, radganac es sakiTxi Zalze delikaturia. arc erTi
masmediuri wyaro, arc erTi Jurnalisturi naRvawi araa dazRveuli Secdomisa da
uzustobisagan, rac xSirad mosdevs faqtebis interpretacias. amave dros masmedias
unda axsovdes, rom sasurveli azris interpretacia dasaSvebia mxolod da mxolod im
proporciiT, romelic ar dauSvebs faqtis namdvili bunebis kardinalur cvalebadobas. faqtis pirveladi
komentirebisas masmediam Tavi unda Seikavos orWofuli, saeWvo Sefasebisagan, romelic SeiZleba
gaxdes “Semdgomi garTulebebis” biZgi. yovel masmediur wyaros unda axsovdes rom azris
“proporciulobis dacva” da faqtisadmi swori midgoma misi warmatebis utyuari safuZvelia.

თემა 2

politika _ adamianuri xelovneba

politika saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis umTavresi RerZia, romelic

gansazRvravs ama Tu im qveynis saSinao Tu sagareo kurss. masmedia saxelmwifo
politikasTan mimarTebaSi aucileblad icavs “Caurevlobis” politikas manam, sanam
aRniSnuli politikuri kursi sazogadoebisaTvis misaRebia. im SemTxvevaSi Tu
sazogadoebis mniSvnelovani nawili gamoTqvams ukmayofilebas saxlmwifo
politikis mimarT, maSin masmedia valdebulia ikisros Suamavalis roli, romelic
daaregulirebs maT Soris urTierTobebs da daexmareba orive mxares konsesusis
miRwevaSi. Tu mowinaaRmdege mxareebi (saxelmwifo mmarTveloba da
sazogadoeba) ver rigdebian saxelmwifos politikuri veqtoris gansazRvraSi. maSin
masmedia cdilobs ufro Rrmad Caswvdes am sakiTxs da orive mxaris surviliT
Seudges im utyuari alibis moZiebas, romlebze dayrdnobiTac xelisuflebam unda
ganaxorcielos saxelmwifo politikis axali kursi. saxelmwifo politika es aris
uzarmazari struqtura, romelic sxvadasxva politikuri da arapolitikuri
ganStoebebisagan Sedgeba, TiToeuli maTgani garkveul sferos kurirebs, romelTa
erToblivi qmedebiTac yalibdeba sakiTxisadmi erTiani midgoma da saxlmwifo
politikis gansazRvra. saxlmwifo politika moicavs perspeqtiul da mimdinare
aucilebel gegmebs, romelTa ganxorcieleba saxelmwifo moxeleebis mier
sxvadasxvagvari midgomiT gamoirCeva. masmedia saxelmwifo politikis
“Semswavleli mecnierebaa”, igi interesdeba saxelmwifos ara mxolod strategiuli
mimarTulebiT, aramed sxvadasxva umniSvnelovanesi proeqtebis ganxorcielebiT.
amdenad, masmediis warmomadgeneli, romelic am Temaze muSaobs “axlos dgas”
mmarTvelobiT elitasaTan da met-naklebad icnobs im “Sida samzareulos”, romelic
faqtiurad warmarTavs saxelmwifo politikas. masmedia valdebulia Tval-yuri
adevnos am procesis gamWvirvalobas. man unda warmoaCinos is politikuri xerxi
an xerxebi, romelsac mimarTavs saxelmwifo politika TviTmyofadobis
SesanarCuneblad. Tu qveynis politikuri mmarTveloba Seecdeba misTvis
arasasurveli niuansebis dafarvas mimdinare politikuri procesebis Sesaxeb. maSin
masmediuri saSualebebi valdebulni arian sazogadoebas damajereblad auxsnan
momxdari da, xalxTan erTad, moiTxovon pasuxi saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis
maRali eSelonebidan. saxelmwifo politika, rogorc ukve zemoT aRvniSneT, rTuli
struqturaa, ris gamoc masze masmediis “kontroli” advilad ver ganxorcieldeba.
mmarTveli eSelonebi (nebsiT Tu uneblieT) xels uSlian mis “bejiTobas” ama Tu
im sakiTxis Seswavlisas, riTac isini arRveven masmediisaTvis miniWebul
saerTaSoriso uflebebs, rac aucileblad mkacri Sefasebis safuZveli unda gaxdes.
saxelmwifo politika moicavs qveynis rogorc saSianao, aseve sagareo politikuri
procesebis erTobliobas. masmediis warmomadgeneli, romelic am sakiTxze
muSaobs aucileblad unda iyos safuZvlianad garkveuli, rogorc erTi, ise meore
sakiTxis “politikur qsovilSi”. kanonTa “mSrali” codna ver miscems Jurnalists imis
saSualebas, rom man amomwuravad Seiswavlos da daasabuTos ama Tu im
sakiTxis marTebuloba; saxelmwifo politikuri elita, marTalia, ar aris valdebuli
yoveli axali gadawyvetileba SeuTanxmos medias, Tumca umniSvnelovanesi
sakiTxebis ganxorcielebisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebisas mmarTveli eSeloni
valdebulia presis, televiziis, brifingebisa da sxva masmediuri saSualebebiT auwyos
sazogadoebas momxdaris an mosaxdenis Sesaxeb. romlis upirvelesi Semfasebeli
swored masmediuri wyaroebia, romlebsac mocemuli periodisaTvis sxvaze metad
xelewifebaT sakiTxis simwvave da mniSvneloba. amdenad masmedia “mudmivad
akontrolebs” saxelmwifo politikas da cdilobs maqsimalurad gamWvirvale gaxados
misi qmedeba. saxelmwifo politika mudmivad eZebs “sasurvel partniors”
masmediaSi, radganac am ukanasknels yovelTvis SeuZlia sazogadoebis gulisyuris
mipyroba da saxelmwifo politikaSi damajerebeli saxeebis Seqmna. verc erTi
masmediuri gamokvleva ver eziareba srulyofilebas movlenaTa pasiuri aRqmis
gziT. masmediur saSualebaTa aqtiuri goni, misi subieqturi xasiaTi, misi sindisi aris
winapiroba faqtis obieqturi SefasebisaTvis, “usulo” da “utyvi”, mSrali masalis
ametyvelebisaTvis. masmediis uaxloesi megobari unda iyos is “eTikuri fenomeni”,
romelmac konkretuli, mxolod zedapirulad xiluli sagani, pasiuri sferodan cocxal,
aqtiur formaSi unda gadaiyvanos. misi mizani realobas mijaWvuli sinamdvilis
maqsimalurad ametyvelebaa. sxvadasxva masmediuri xerxebi SeiZleba erT
jadosnur sityvaSi iqnas asaxuli, romlis saxelic masmediuri xelovneba iqneboda,
Jurnalistika cxovrebis dinamiur process asaxavs, misi Semoqmedeba danaxulis,
mosmenilisa da aRwerilis Tanagancdaa. amdenad, igi uaRresad dialoguri da
dialeqtikuria. masmedia ar SeiZleba saxelmwifo politikis “mona” iyos da Tavisi
“baton-patronis” neba-survilis gaTvaliswinebiT cvlides politikisadmi
damokidebulebas. WeSmariti principebis gareSe masmedia daemsgavseba im
gulqva mematianes, romelic “samefo karis” uSualo dakveTas asrulebs. igi aramc
da aramc Tavis damokidebulebas ar unda icvlides politikurad “momgebianobisa”
gamo, yovelTvis unda xedavdes feierverkebis miRma arsebul realobas, romlis
gauTvaliswineblobac srul absurdamde miiyvans. masmedia Sinaganad unda
grZnobdes politikur labirinTebSi arsebul (SesaZlebel) dapirispirebebs. saxelmwifo
politika, romelic mravalwaxnagovania, yovelTvis iqneba masmediis “noyieri
samoqmedo obieqti”. Jurnalisti arasdros unda gaxdes “afeqtebis mona”. man
aucileblad unda gamoiyenos konstruqciuloba da politikuri gamWriaxoba
samoqmedo logikis asagebad. saxelmwifo politikis “gadmocema” metyvelebis
igavuri stiliT, masmediisTvis ar unda iyos ucxo, tabuirebuli, vinaidan igi mas
saSualebas aZlevs zogjer bevrad ufro meti Tqvas, vidre Ria teqstiT gadmocemuli
realoba. maRali profesionalizmi aris is gasaRebi, romliTac masmediis
warmomadgenelma unda SesZlos saxelmwifo politikis arsebiT nawilSi garkveva.
amasTanave mas yuradRebis gareSe ar unda darCes arc erTi umniSvnelo faqti,
radgan “is rac arsebobis Rirsia, Secnobis Rirsicaa”. masmedia saxelmwifo
politikasTan mimarTebaSi ar unda iyos “fardis axdis” momlodine, arc yoveliveSi
eWvis Setanaa masmediis amocana. igi ganuxrelad unda iRvwodes Tavisi wvlilis
damkvidrebisaTvis mTavari problemis gaSuqebasa Tu gaanalizebaSi, gaxdes erT-
erTi mTavari subieqti da sayrdeni saxelmwifo politikis princi pebis sworad
Camoyalibebisa. “gverdidan tkboba” masmediis udides Secdomad unda CaiTvalos,
amave dros zomierebac bevrad gansazRvravs masmediur warmatebas, Tumca
oqros Sualedis Zebna yovelTvis araa momgebiani da igi xSirad masmediuri
inertulobis safuZvelic ki xdeba. politikisa da masmediis urTierToba arsebiTad
Tavs iyris konkretuli saxelmwifo movlenis irgvliv, igi mxolod maSin xdeba am
procesis Rirseuli monawile, rodesac orive mxare mowadinebulia WeSmaritebis
dasadgenad. masmedia, romelic sazogadoebaze zemoqmedebis yvelaze qmediTi
instrumentia, uaRresad didi pasuxismgeblobis matarebeli subieqtia, romelzedac
bevradaa damokidebuli saxelmwifo politikisa Tu sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis
nebismieri waxnagis swori, marTebuli aRqma, romelic gansakuTrebuli sifrTxiliT
da gaazrebulobiT unda iqnas mitanili sazogadoebis TiToeul wevramde.
masmediisTvis mTavari faseuloba adamiania. WeSmariti masmediuri morali
yovelTvis ugulebelyofs mikerZoebis princips. moraluri da esTetikuri sqemebi
udides zegavlenas axdenen masmediaze da mis msoflmxedvelobas maradJam
gonier sawyisze afuZneben. Jurnalisturi asaxvis ideals aucileblad unda
gansazRvravdes Tanamedroveobisa da realobis umZafresi gancda. asaxvis obieqtis
universaluroba, iseTi, rogoric saxelmwifo politikas axasiaTebs, masmedias
yovelTvis udides impulss aniWebs. masmediis damokidebuleba saxelmwifo
politikisadmi konstruqciuli princi pebiT unda xorcieldebodes. saxelmwifo politika,
romelic Sedgeba mudmivi da cvalebadi interesebisagan masmedias “saSualebas
aZlevs” iyos movlenaTa centrSi, radganac politika es aris adamianebis
gansakuTrebuli moRvaweoba, sadac yvelaze metad vlindeba maTive buneba, Tu
ramdenad arian isini sxvadasxva mniSvnelovan sakiTxTa mimarT subieqturni Tu
obieqturni. sazogadoebas da saxelmwifo politikas erTi saboloo mizani aqvT –
Zlieri saxelmwifos Seqmna. ideis erTianoba saxelmwifo mmarTvelobas aniWebs
marTvis procesebis SeuzRudavad warmarTvas manam, sanam imave
sazogadoebas ar gauCndeba eWvi imisa, rom saxelmwifo mmarTvelobaSi
dominantobs subieqturi, mxolod mmarTveli ZalisaTvis sasurveli politika. mediis,
masobrivi komunikaciis saSualebebis swori da efeqturi gamoyeneba uaRresad
mniSvnelovania saxelmwifo politikis warmatebiT ganxorcielebaSi, vinaidan igi
yvelaze ufro efeqturi gzaa sazogadoebaze “gavlenis mosaxdenad”. “politika
moicavs sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferos. misi codna aucilebelia
adamianebisaTvis. rasac cxadyofs aristoteles sityvebi: “adamiani aris politikuri
arseba da swored politika gansazRvravs mis ZiriTad sacicocxlo interesebsa da
cxovrebis arss”. politikas ramdenime funqcia aqvs:  sazogadoebis mTlianobisa da
stabilurobis uzrunvelyofis funqcia;  erToblivi moRvaweobis mobilizaciisa da
efqturobis funqcia;  mmarTvelobisa da regulaciis funqcia;  racionalizaciis
funqcia;  politikuri socializaciis funqcia;  humanitaruli funqcia. politika aris
adamianTa moTxovnilebebidan da interesebidan gamomdinare sazogadoebis
TandaTanobiTi modernizaciis saSualeba. politikuri sistemisa da politikuri
xelisuflebis ZiriTadi institutia saxelmwifo. amitom, politika unda miviCnioT
saxelmwifo saqmeebSi monawileobad, an saxelmwifo moRvaweobis ZiriTad
Sinaarsad da formad. politikas aqvs ori ZiriTadi mxare: 1. saSinao da 2. sagareo.
saSinao politika gulisxmobs erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi politikuri mowyobis
formebs, erovnul-politikur interesebs, adamianTa politikur uflebebs da
Tavisuflebis sakiTxebs. sagareo politika _ saerTaSoso politikur urTierTobebs,
romelic ganisazRvreba saxelmwifos sagareo-politikuri mimarTulebebiT. saSinao
da sagareo politikis mizani unda iyos erovnuli da saxelmwifo interesebis
ganxorcieleba, damoukideblobisa da suverenitetis ganmtkiceba. politika, Tavisi
arsiT da funqcionirebiT mecnierebasa da xelovnebas warmoadgens. igi
mecnierebaa im SexedulebiT, rom politikuri cxovrebis mowyoba da modernizacia
Rrma mecnierul gaazrebazea damokidebuli. politikis, rogorc xelovnebis Sinaarsi
moicavs kompromisis da konsensusis miRwevas, manevrirebas da dafaruli
procesebis amocnobis unars. politika interesTa Tanxvedris xelovnebaa.
mosaxleoba (masa), sazogadoeba (sociumi), garkveul momentSi SeiZleba am
interess ver acnobierebdes, magram igi politikosebma unda gaacnobieron. politikas
mrisxane, umowyalo kanonebi aqvs, am kanonebis ignorirebas,
upasuxismgeblobas da gularxeinobas igi aravis apatiebs. politikaSi racionaluri
gaTvla araTu sasurvelia, aramed racionaluri sawyisis gareSe politika saerTod ar
arsebobs. swored amitom Tqva XX s-is udidesma moazrovnem a. ainStainma
aseTi sityvebi: “politika fizikaze bevrad rTuli mecnierebaa” _ da israelis
prezidentobaze uari ganacxada. politikaSi zogjer cinizmi imarjvebs, xolo
“gulCviloba” da “keTilSobileba” sibriyvisa da silaCris “sinonimia”.
ukompromisoba da radikalizmi, politikaSi umecrebis, primitivizmis gamovlinebaa,
vinaidan igi manevrisaTvis aucilebel sivrces aRar utovebs politikoss. es sivrce
misTvis ki, marTlac, sasicocxloa, vinaidan “SesaZlebelis miRweva” _ politikis
ZiriTadi kanonia. [i. kveselava, e. gvenetaZe, “politologia”. Tb., 2004. gv. 3-5]
saxelmwifo politika gulwrfelad unda usmendes sazogadoebis im ganwyoba-
midrekilebas, romelic masmediam mas piruTvnelad unda miawodos, raTa man
droulad SeZlos saTanado sakontaqto gzebis povna; saxelmwifo politika, romelic,
upirveles yovlisa, moqmedebs qveynis subieqturi interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT,
amave dros unda icnobdes im obieqtur sinamdviles, romelic drois am monakveTSi
sazogadoebis umTavres interesebs gamoxatavs. masmedia is Sualeduri rgolia,
romelsac SeuZlia adamianebis maJoruli mdgomareobidan nihilisturSi gadayvana
da piriqiT. sruli harmoniis miRweva mxolod maSinaa SesaZlebeli, rodesac
sazogadoebrivi da saxelmwifo politikis interesebi identuria. saxelmwifo politika
gaazrebul moqmedebaTa mwyobri sistemaa, romelic naklebadaa gaTvlili “wvril
politikur SegrZnebebze”, Tumca maTi gaTvaliswineba interesTa sferoSi didad
waadgeba saxelmwifo politikis mesveurT. stabiluri saxelmwifo politika qveynis
marTvelTaTvis pirdapiri garantiaa sazogadoebisagan mxardaWeris misaRebad.
romlis mosapovebladac masmedia Seucvlelia, radgan igi yvelaze ukeTaa
informirebuli sazogadoebrivi yofierebis saWirboroto sakiTxebze, masmedia
Tavadaa am informaciis mompovebeli da mxilvelic. man arasdros unda imuSaos
WeSmariti, swori mimarTulebis sawinaaRmdegod anu marTebuli saxelmwifo
politikis sazianod. aseve rogorc ar unda daexmaros mas _ saxelwifos, arsebiTis
miCqmalvaSi. masmedia mxolod da mxolod samarTlianobas unda msaxurobdes.
masmedia uaRresad dinamiuri sociumia, romelic sazogadoebis yvela sferos, yvela
fenas moicavs, amitom nebismieri movlena am farTo speqtrSi misi monawileobiT
xorcieldeba, igi “warmarTavs” adamianTa qmedebas miznis gansaxorcieleblad,
magram sazogadoeba ama Tu im Jurnalistur produqcias, maSin “aRiqvams
srulad”, rodesac Tavadac “mzadaa” am informaciis misaRebad. es ukanaskneli
gansakuTrebiT uwyobs xels sazogadoebas nebismieri sakiTxisadmi individualuri
azris CamoyalibebaSi. rogorc vxedavT, masmediis monawileoba sazogadoebis
marTvaSi sruliad gamokveTilia da aucilebeli. politika Tavisi arsiT zneobriobis
ideali ver iqneba, radganac saxelmwifo interesebi zogjer (nebsiT Tu uneblieT)
zneobriobidan gamomdinare, ver iqneba idealuri, rac masmediasac kargad esmis.
Tumca politikosisagan mis upirveles moTxovnad umaRlesi samarTlianobis dacva
rCeba. masmediis mier saxelmwifo politikis “daqucmacebuli” aRqma angrevs
masSi arsebul mTavar racionalur marcvals. igi SeiZleba gadaiqces saxelmwifos
winsvlis an ukusvlis xelovnur saSualebad. saxelmwifo politika ar unda iyos
masmediisaTvis SeuRwevadi bastioni da arc morRveulgodoliani cixesimagre.
saxlmwifo politikam sworad unda gansazRvros is Tu meramdene godolze
“SieZleba miuaxlovdes” masmedia saxelmwifo politikis “dedaazrs”. nebismier
politikur gadawyvetilebas sWirdeba realizacia, romlis gareSec igi azrs moklebulia.
TviT detalurad damuSavebuli sakiTxic ki aucileblad saWiroebs dasabuTebasa da
sazogadoebamde marTebulad mitanas. masmediam swored es funqcia unda
Seasrulos. rig SemTxvevaSi ganmartos is “bundovani azri” da simbolo, romelic
diplomatiurad, politikuri leqsikiTaa SeniRbuli. masmedias ZaluZs didi mowiwebac
aRZras nebismieri sakiTxisadmi da didi siZulvilic, radgan azris interpretaciis
xelovnebas da SesaZleblobas is yvelaze ukeT flobs. sazogadoebrivi azris
koncentracia da sasurvelze aqcentireba yvelaze ukeT swored masmedias exerxeba.
saerTod politikisaTvis, da miT umetes saxelmwifo politikisaTvis, ucxo araa azris
gamoxatvis iseTi literaturuli forma, rogoric alegoriaa, roca Tavad movlena ar
saxeldeba, magram SefarviT iTqmeba ufro meti, ufro Rrma da WeSmariti azri,
vidre misi pirdapiri fiqsirebisas. masmedia saxelmwifo politikis refleqsis
gamoxatulebaa. es refleqsi icvleba imisda mixedviT, Tu ras moiTxovs aRniSnuli
droisTvis saxelmwifo interesi da samoqalaqo sazogadoeba. samyaros
(saxelmwifos) politikuri cvalebadoba masmediisagan moiTxovs ara mxolod
mWvretelur damokidebulebas realurad arsebuli faqtebisadmi, aramed im
problemis siRrmiseul wvdomas, romelic safuZvlad daedo aseT saxecvlilebas.
imisaTvis, rom am kuTxiT masmediuri kvleva sworad warimarTos, aucilebelia
winaswari gansazRvra da Camoyalibeba im interesebisa, romelTa safuZvliani
SejerebiT masmedia SeZlebs zemoT aRniSnul cvlilebaTa mizezebis dadgenas.
amave dros mas kargad unda axsovdes, rom dRes sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela
sfero gajerebulia sxvadasxva politikuri interesebiT. saxelmwifo politikisadmi
sazogadoebis interesis aRzeveba-daqveiTeba masmediis prerogativaa.
sazogadoebis ndoba Jurnalisturi korpusisadmi WeSmaritad didia, radganac
gulwrfeli sityvebiT gadmocemuli azri adamianebs exmareba maTive gonebaSi
arsebuli “dafaruli saunjis” aRmoCenaSi. masmediam unda SeZlos politikuri da
socialuri cxovrebidan iseTi “metyveli” faqtebis moZieba, rom masSi zustad
Candes calkeul politikur gadawyvetilebaTa xasiaTi da suliskveTeba. amgvari
masalis Segroveba, dajgufeba, Sefaseba da Semdgomi gamoyenebisaTvis
“momwifeba” masmedias saSualebas aZlevs mizezTa erTian jaWvSi yovel
arsebiTs Tavisi adgili miuCinos. politikur movlenaTa gamomwvevi Zalebis
SemecnebiT masmedia iZleva mTlian panoramas ara mxolod momxdarisas,
aramed logikuri finalis mTel process, dasawyisidan dasasrulamde. utyuari
argumentebiT gajerebuli masmediuri masala xels uwyobs ama Tu im saxelmwifo
politikis sworad gansazRvras, misi kursis Sefasebas garkveul drosa da sivrceSi.
azrebisa da gancdebis sworad warmarTva masmediuri kulturis safuZvelTa
safuZvelia. masmediuri daskvnebi unda eyrdnobodes rogorc deduqciur, aseve
induqciur meTodebs, raTa SesaZlebeli gaxdes ama Tu im politikuri aqtis organuli
mTlianobis aRqma. saxelmwifo politikis rTuli konstruqcia, romelsac masmedia
xan erTi mxridan, xan ki meore mxridan aSuqebs, misTvis arc Tu ise advilad
SeRwevadia, radgan ar xdeba interesTa Tanxvedra. mizezi amisa saxelmwifo
politikis masmediaseul interpretaciaSia, romelic Tavisi gansjiT, arc Tu ise
iSviaTad, gansxvavebulia saxelmwifo politikur moRvaweTa
msoflmxedvelobisagan. da radgan masmedias ar uyvars Temis tabuireba, igi
yovelmxriv cdilobs, ama Tu im sferoSi saCino gaxados TviT yvelaze
“gasaidumloebuli poziciac” ki saxelmwifo politikisa. masmedias kargad esmis,
rom saxelmwifo politikis yoveli calkeuli elementi daunawevrebeli mTelis nawilad
unda iqnas gagebuli. saxelmwifo politikas sxvadasxva miznebi gansazRvraven,
romlebic icvlebian mizezobriobisa da miznobriobis mixedviT, ise rom saxelmwifo
politika masmediis winaSe warmosdgeba mTeli Tavisi “nairsaxeobiTa da
feradovnebiT”. Tu masmedias surs saxelmwifo politikis mTliani suraTis ageba, igi
ara mxolod am politikis istoriiTa da perspeqtiviT unda dainteresdes, aramed am
movlenasTan dakavSirebuli uamravi sxva faqtebiTac. saxelmwifo politikis sruli
suraTis Seqmna SesaZlebelia mxolod da mxolod masze warmodgenis mudmivi
srulyofiT. masmediam sworad unda gaiazros saxelmwifo politikis rogorc dadebiTi,
aseve naklovani mxareebi, rac saSualebas miscems mas aRematebodes “ubralo
cnobaTa momwodebels”. sivrcisa da drois mixedviT saxelmwifo politikis
gansazRvra urTulesi procesia, romelzec mTlianadaa damokidebuli qveynis rogorc
awmyo, ise momavali. igi ar unda midiodes realobis sapirispirod, radgan swored
amdagvari universaluri interesebiT daxunZluli saxelmwifo politika SemorCeba
sakacobrio mexsierebas. saxelmwifo politika mudam izidavda masmediis
yuradRebas; es urTierToba dRes gansakuTrebul fazaSia Sesuli da sruliad
warmoudgeneli xdeba romelime maTganis “damoukidebeli arseboba”. saxelmwifo
politika, da gansakuTrebiT sagareo, aucileblad konkurentunariani unda iyos, raTa
man SeZlos sakuTari interesebis ganxorcieleba. es ukanaskneli sagareo politikaSi
eZebs sasicocxlod mniSvnelovans, misTvis gansakuTrebulad Rirebuls. erovnuli
interesebi saxelmwifos mudmivad ubiZgeben iseTi politikisaken, romelic iqneba
garanti misi Semdgomi ganviTarebisa. vinaidan saxelmwifoTa saerTaSoriso
politika, romelic agebulia TiToeuli subieqti saxelmwifos interesebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, emsaxureba da aregulirebs ama Tu im konkretuli qveynis
politikur viTarebas. nebismieri saxelmwifos sagareo politika individualizmisa da
subiqetivizmis princi pebTan erTad ver ascdeba sxva saxelmwifoTa interesebis
gaTvaliswinebas. Tumca rac ufro Zlieria saxelmwifo, miT ufro naklebadaa
mimarTuli amdagvari interesebis gaTvaliswinebisaken. saxelmwifo politika
eyrdnoba gaazrebul saxelmwifoebriv gegmas, strategias, raTa uzrunvelyos
erovnuli interesebis ganxorcieleba. aseTi problemebis gadaWra TavisTavad rTuli
amocanaa. rac aiZulebs saxelmwifo mmarTvelobas imoqmedos situaciis
Sesabamisad da problemebis aRmocenebis kvalobaze, raTa saxelmwifo politikis
“simSvide da uryeoba” Zireulad ar mosustdes. simwyobre moqmedebisa am
ukanasknels aniWebs harmoniul erTxmovanebasa da mdgradobas. warmatebuli
saxelmwifos Seqmna saxelmwifo politikis amosavalicaa da mizanic. “masmediuri
CarTvebi” ki am process impuls aZleven axali SemoqmedebiTi CanafiqrisaTvis.
am ukanasknelis Rvawli mxolod maSin SeaTrTolebs da aRanTebs sazogadoebas,
rodesac igi Zireulad Tanaziaria im emociebisa, romlis gadmocemasac igive
sazogadoeba Tavdauzogavad eswrafoda. marTalia, saxelmwifo politikisa da
masmediis “sulieri Serwyma” arc Tu ise advilia, magram nebismieri maTgani unda
Seecados am miznis gansaxorcieleblad pirveli, nebayoflobiTi nabijis gadadgmas.
epoqam da misma umTavresma movlenebma mTeli Tavisi sicxoveliT asaxva unda
povon rogorc saxelmwifo politikaSi, aseve masmediaSi. masmedias kargad aqvs
gaTvaliswinebuli rom yoveli goniTi aqti fsiqologiur procesebsac moicavs.
amdenad igi saxelmwifo politikasTan mimarTebaSi unda daeyrdnos rogorc zogad,
aseve socialur fsiqologias, raTa SeZlos ama Tu im movlenis kanonzomierebis
axsna. radganac qveynis strategiuli mimarTulebis gansazRvraSi um niSvnelovanes
gavlenas axdens calkeuli pirovneba an pirovnebaTa jgufi, masmediam aucileblad
unda gaiTvaliswinos individis fsiqologia. nebismieri masmediuri Zala, nebsiT Tu
uneblieT, ama Tu im zomiT, warmoadgens garkveul politikuri azrovnebis
“mimdevrobas”, Tundac maSin, rodesac acxadebs, rom srul miukerZoeblobas
iCens ideur-politikuri procesebis mimarT. miuxedavad didi mcdelobisa, rom
masmedia mTlianad Tavisufali iyos politikuri angaJirebisagan, Znelad
misaRwevia, radganac politikuri Tu naklebad politikuri fenomenis kvlevisas
masmediis maTdami midgoma ganisazRvreba misi, Tundac sakuTari, ideur-
politikuri damokidebulebiTa da orientaciiT. ra Tqma unda, masmediuri
saSualebebi Tavisi simpaTiebiT da antipaTiebiT xSirad ver Secvlian sakvlevi
obieqtis mTavar arssa da mimarTulebas, magram arc Tu ise iSviaTia maTi azris
gamoyeneba srul WeSmaritebamde misaRwevad. masmediuri saSualebebi, Tundac
yvelaze demokratiuli princi pebis erTgulni, amave demokratiuli ideologiiT
gansazRvraven TavianT moqmedebas, isini faqtebis Sefasebisas ver darCebian am
amosavali debulebis aqcentirebis gareSe. anu darCebian demokratiulad
ideologizirebulni, rac sapirispiro TvalTaxedvidan gamomdinare sulac ar niSnavs
WeSmarit azrs. Tu dRes saxelmwifo da saxelmwifoTaSorisi politika
warmoudgenelia ideologiis gareSe, maSin masmediuri wyaroebi, romlebic miznad
isaxaven saxelmwifo politikis kvelevas, TavisTavad aRmoCndebian ama Tu im
ideologiasTan pirdapir kavSirSi an winaaRmdegobaSi. amdenad masmediuri
kvleva sakiTxisadmi midgomis pluralizmiTac xasiaTdeba. saxelmwifo politika arc
Tu ise iSviaTad mimarTavs masmedias, rogorc mtkicebisa da dasabuTebis
specifiur aparats, romelsac xelewifeba misive interesebisa da ideologiis
Sesabamisi “miTebisa da simboloebis” Seqmna _ ganmartos, daasabuTos, uaryos
an gaamarTlos politikuri realobebi, Seasrulos sazogadoebaSi integraciuli an
gammijnavi funqcia. nebismieri politikuri gadawyvetileba asaxvas poulobs
sazogadoebis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. es ukanaskneli ki Tavis TavSi moicavs
udides energias, romelic nebismier dros SeiZleba “daiZras” SemoTavazebuli
politikis sasargeblod, an sawinaaRmdegod. am Zalis formirebaSi ki masmediis roli
Seufasebelia, radganac igi “momwesrigebelia” im procesebisa, romelic
sazogadoebasa da politikas Soris mimdinareobs. masmedias Tavisuflad SeuZlia
amoicnos am “dafaruli energiis” SesaZlebeli ganviTareba, igi sazogadoebasTan
erTd aris mayurebeli, Tanamonawile da Semfasebeli im politikuri procesebisa,
romelsac saxelmwifo sTavazobs Tanamoqalaqeebs. politikisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli saxifaTo mimzidveloba masmediasac atyvevebs da xdis im
procesebis Tanaziars, romlis ganxorcielebasac igi gamudmebiT eltvis. am kuTxiT
masmediuri wyaroebi politikisaTvis sargeblobis momtani da Rirebulebis
matarebeli saSualebebia. masze bevradaa damokidebuli Tu raoden cocxal, nayofier
“moZRvrebad” mogvevelineba saxelmwifo politikuri veqtoris axali
mimarTulebebi. am mxriv masmedia im sazogadoebrivi moZRvris rols asrulebs,
romelsac yvelaze ufro metad xelewifeba moqalaqeebisaTvis “aRmzrdelobiTi
funqciis” Catareba. masmedia am mimarTulebiT politikisadmi erTiani esTetikuri
sistemis Camomyalibebelicaa, riTac mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels sazogadoebrivi
azris orientirebas ama Tu im politikuri azris sasargeblod. masmediis princi pi misi
obieqturobaa. zneobrivad ukompromiso bunebis wyalobiT masmediis mier
asaxulsa da warmoCenils laitmotivad gasdevs realobiT gajerebuli sityva, romelsac
Tan erTvis gulwrfelobisa da emociurobis elementebi. masmedia, romelic asrulebs
didaqtikur-informaciul funqcias sazogadoebaSi mTlianad aRiarebs da icavs
obieqturobisadmi rwmenis primats. imisaTvis, rom saxelmwifo politikaSi
masmedia “gansakuTrebiT pativiscemis subieqti” gaxdes saWiroa man Tanxmobis
beWedi mxolod imaze dasvas, rac SesaZlebelia saukunis epitafiad iqces.
saxelmwifo politika masmediisTvis araCveulebrivad saintereso situaciebis ganZTa
uZiro skivria.

Tavi 3

masmediuri “aqsesuarebi”

1. sindisi
2. eTika (morali)
3. esTetika
4. saRi azri
5. logikuri msjeloba
6. daintereseba da siRrmiseuli kvleva
7. neba (survili)
8. obieqturoba da WeSmariteba
9. samarTlianoba
10. swori, marTebuli azrovneba
11. informaciuloba
naSromis am TavSi saubaria im aucilebel Tvisebebze, romelic masmediis
warmomadgenels profesiuli movaleobis SesrulebaSi mniSvnelovan samsaxurs
gauwevs. es is sando sazomebia, romlebiTac SesaZlebeli xdeba WeSmariti
Rirebulebis piruTvneli Sefaseba. Jurnalistika aris Tanacxovreba iseTi fundamenturi
mimarTulebisa, rogoricaa: sociologia, filosofia, filologia, fsiqologia, istoria, politika
da ekonomika. masmediis upirvelesi mizani adamianTmsaxurebaa. isaa RmerTisagan
gansaxierebuli samyaros codva-madlis erTerTi Semfasebeli da gamomaaSkaravebeli,
romelsac xelewifeba mravali koliziuri movlenebis WeSmariti asaxva. cxovrebis
mravalwaxnagianobam saSualeba misca mas aReqva da aRewera sazogadoebis
yofiTi realobac da idealuri srulyofilebac. masmedia sazogadoebis gunebaganwyobas
gamoxatavs da mis “gauTavebel problemebs” ganuwyvetliv “mkurnalobs.” amitomac
am ukanasknelis interesis sferos sazogadoebis yofiTi arqiteqtura, socialur da politikur
sakiTxTa mravalpolusianoba warmoadgens. masmedia aRbeWdavs sinamdvilis
obieqtur saxeebs da iswrafis _ maqsimalurad realuri iyos igi. adamiani mTeli Tavisi
socialuri Tu politikuri moqmedebiT masmediuri Semecnebis obieqtia, rogorc zogadi,
mecnieruli gansjisaTvis, aseve im konkretul moqmedebaTa gamo, romelsac igi
yoveldRiur, yofiT situaciaSi Cadis. masmediis qmedeba maSinaa keTilzniani,
rodesac es ukanaskneli Sejerebul-Sewonasworebul gonebasTan dawyvilebulad,
harmoniulad moqmedebs. wammarTveli sawyisi Tavidanve unda mivmarToT azris
zomieri da samarTliani gamoxatvisaken. popularobis survilma masmedias ar unda
“dauxSos” gonebasTan SemaerTebeli arc erTi arxi, miuxedavad imisa, rom survili
mZleTamZle, uaRresad Tavneba da urCi adamianuri Tvisebaa. mizanSewonilia, rom
masmediam jer kidev maSin ganWvritos mTavari, rodesac igi “embrionuli
mdgomareobis” gamo naklebad xilulia.
sindisi moraluri norma, moraluri movaleoba, moraluri Segneba da moraluri
pasuxismgebloba saTaves swored sindisidan iRebs, misi warmoSoba ki sazogadoebis
formirebis adreul safexurs ukavSirdeba da Tan sdevs kacobriobas uZvelesi droidan
dRemde. moraluri norma adamianisaTvis zneobrivi moTxovna da aucileblobaa, xolo
JurnalistisaTvis ormagad aucilebeli, radganac swored masmediaa Semfasebeli da
damaregulirebeli adamianTa urTierTdapirispirebisa. moralis Camoyalibeba xdeboda
saukuneebis manZilze ara saxelmwifo dekretebisa da kanonebis daxmarebiT, aramed
“bunebrivad”, sazogadoebis yvela fenis monawileobiT. rac kidev erTxel amtkicebs
azrs moralis Tavankarobis Sesaxeb. visac sindisi ar awuxebs, yovelTvis i povis
misTvis zurgSeqcevis sababs. masmedias gansakuTrebulad unda axsovdes mraval
SegonebaTagan erTi umTavresi: “rasac ver xedav, imaze arc unda ilaparako. _
ilaparakeT, rogorc laparakoben sxvebi, magram ifiqreT mxolod ise, rogorc Tavad
fiqrobT”. [b. paskali, azrebi. Tb., 1981 gv. 251] amave debulebis araerTgzis
ganmeorebas vxvdebiT blez paskalis “azrebSi”, sadac igi xazgasmiT aRniSnavs:
“Sen Seni azri unda gqondes, Seni faruli azri, da yvelafers misi mixedviT unda
afasebde, magram aSkarad mxolod ise unda msjelobde, rogorc msjelobs yvela, rogorc
msjelobs brbo, rogorc msjelobs xalxi”. [b. paskali, azrebi. Tb., 1981, gv. 266] sindisi
is adamianuri grZnobaa, romelic uangarod da gamudmebiT gvTavazobs samsaxurs;
mTavaria SeviyvaroT da gulwrfelad gamoviyenoT igi. gamomdinare iqidan, rom guli
da goneba Tanabrad grZnobs udides pasuxismgeblobas sindisis winaSe, ormagad
SeuZlebelia am ukanasknelis ignorireba, radgan igi arasdros mogvcems mosvenebas.
da Tu mas “davkargavT”, maSin mzad varT yvelaferze vimsjeloT, yvelaferze
dabejiTebiTi azri gamovTqvaT, radgan sakvrelSexsnili fantazia ganusazRvrel uflebas
gvaniWebs. sindisi _ moZRvaria, romelsac gvinda da Tu ara, yovel wuTs vabarebT
angariSs. adamianis bedniereba da guldamSvideba praqtikulad maszea damokidebuli,
vinaidan RirsebaSelaxuli sindisi Tavisi sisastikiTa da ulmobelobiT aSkarad
gamoirCeva. Sinagani, adamianuri wesrigi sxva ara aris ra, Tu ara cxovreba da
moqmedeba sindisTan erTad. cnobilia, rom sindisi Tavisi sikerpiT gamoirCeva,
misTvis arsebobs mxolod erTi _ WeSmaritad sayovelTao kanoni. marTalia, igi itans
“bedis dacinvas”, Tavnebobas, damcirebas da xSirad emsgavseba usamarTlod
daCagrul gmirs, magram sindisi sabolood _ yvelgan da yovelTvis imarjvebs. sindisi
moralis dedaa.
esTetika nebismieri formis masmediuri moRvaweoba gansazRvrulia garkveuli
interesiT, romlis saboloo mizani _ sikeTis qmnaa. masmedias kargad esmis, rom
mSvenieri da srulyofili arsebiTad urTierTdamokidebulebaSi ufro vlindeba da ara
mxolod calke sagansa an movlenaSi. esTetikuri, upirveles yovlisa, mizanSewonilia
kargTan da keTilTan, maRalsulierTan. imisaTvis, rom masmediam sakuTari
Semoqmedebis esTetikuri mxare uzrunvelyos, igi Tavad unda iyos sulieri
mSvenierebis matarebeli. koncefciebi, romliTac igi moqmedebs unda gajerdes iseTi
“esTetikuri proporciebiT”, romlebic xels Seuwyoben “mSvenierebis princi pebis”
danergvas realobaSi. imis gamo, rom masmedia “mijaWvulia” realur yofasTan, igi
aqtiuradaa CarTuli mis sxvadasxva struqturaSi - socialurSic da politikurSic.
mkiTxvelisTvis esTetikuri tkbobis miniWeba masmediis erTerTi upirvelesi
movaleobaTagania, misTvis sul erTi ar unda iyos Tu ra proporciiT miewodeba
sazogadoebas esTetikuri fenomeni. masmediam maqsimalurad unda gazardos
esTetikuri zemoqmedebis areali da SesaZleblobani, radganac am ukanasknelis
gavlena sazogadoebaze metad mniSvnelovania. sxvadasxva “didaqtikur meTodTa”
Soris man upirvelesoba esTetikurs unda mianiWos, radagan adamianis, pirovnebis
inteleqtze swored es ukanasakneli agebs pasuxs. masmediam xeli unda Seuwyos mis
damkvidrebas sazogadoebis yvela fenaSi, radganac esTetikurTan Serwyma niSnavs
iseTi sazogadoebis Camoyalibebas, romelic aRsavse iqneba keTilSobiluri ubraloebiT,
gansxvavebuli azris mimarT mimteveblobiTa da Sinagani kulturiT. “grZnobadi
miziduloba, amaRelvebeli aRtyineba”, platonis azriT, aris esTetikuri tkbobis pirveli,
fizikuri, srulyofilebiT gamowveuli impulsi. esTetikuri aRqmis pirveli safexuri ar aris
TviTkmari, radgan mSvenieri sxeulebi droSi arseboben, warmavalni arian, amitom
grZnobad doneze silamazis idea ver gamovlindeba. meore safexuri _ adamianis
sulieri mSvenierebis donea; aq, faqtobrivad, eTikur-esTetikurTan gvaqvs saqme. am
safexuris analizis dros platoni askvnis, rom mSvenier sulebs aramdgradoba da
Wirveuloba axasiaTebT, amitom mSvenieris ideis miRweva am donezec SeuZleblad
miaCnia. mesame safexuri mecnierebasa da xelovnebas ganekuTvneba, romlebic
ganaxorcieleben mTeli kacobriobis gamocdilebis momcvel codnas. magram, platonis
mixedviT, xSirad mecnierebisa da xelovnebis romelime saxe naklovanebas avlens,
radgan kacobriobis gamocdileba Zalze mravalferovania. dabolos, meoTxe done _ es
sibrZnis, sikeTis umaRlesi sferoa. aq platoni zRvruls uaxlovdeba, sadac sayovelTao
sikeTeSi gaerTianebulia realuri samyaros yvela goniTsawvdomi srulyofileba”. [d.
foxcveraSvili, mxatvruli cnobierebis ganviTarebis etapebi. Tb., 2003, gv. 25]
eTika (morali) nebismieri faqtis moraluri Sefasebisas masmediis
warmomadgeneli afiqsirebs sazogadod aRiarebul normebTan aw ukve momxdaris
Sesabamisobas an Seusabamobas. Tu moraluri norma rigiT adamians miuTiTebs,
rogor moiqces igi garkevul situaciaSi, maSin, masmediis warmomadgeneli _ metadaa
valdebuli mTeli pasuxismgeblobiT “daeqvemdebaros” eTikur normasa da sindisis
karnaxs. Jurnalisti, rogorc subieqti, ver dakmayofildeba mxolod “mSrali kanonebiT”
da sakiTxTa Sefasebisas aucileblad win wamoswevs moralur mxares. masmedia
cdilobs moraluri normis dacviT moxdes ama Tu im procesis Sefaseba, rogorc Tavisi,
aseve saxelmwifo Zalismieri organoebidan. “politika Tu morali? _ ai, maradiuli
dilema, romelic gansazRvravs yovelgvari sazogadoebrivi wyobilebis Sinagan
bunebas, imis mixedviT, Tu am ori socialuri Zalidan romelia wamyvani,
warmmarTveli, gezis mimcemi, ese igi, politika mTlianad iqvemdebarebs morals,
mTlianad Trgunavs da araraobamde dahyavs igi, Tu nawilobriv mainc
xelmZRvanelobs eTikuri princi pebiT. TviTkmarobis rac ufro met tendencias
amJRavnebs politika, rac ufro srulad xdeba sazogadoebrivi cxovrebisa Tu cnobierebis
erTpirovnuli mflobeli, rac ufro unaSTod isrutavs yovelgvar faseulobas da sakuTar
Tvalsazrisamde dahyavs yvela Tvalsazrisi, miT ufro gariyuli da ganapirebuli rCeba
yvela sxva socialuri Zalis moqmedeba”. [platoni, “adreuli dialogebi”. “sokrates
apologia”. baCana bregaZis winaTqma, “nekeri”. 1997, gv. 309] masmediis principi
altruistulia. swored mas efuZneba nebismieri Jurnalisturi qmedeba, radganac sikeTis
qmna adamianis arsebobis safuZvelTa safuZvelia. morali adamianTa Soris
urTierTmowiwebisa da pativiscemis dauwereli kanonia, romelic Tavisi arsebobiT
win uswrebs yvela kanonmdeblur aqts, r o m el i c k i a d a m i a n i s g o n e b iT S e
q m n il a . i g i tradiciebze, adaT-wesebze dayrdnobiTa da gaazrebiT Seqmnili
warmosaxvismieri “borkilebia”. erTi SexedviT, morali SeiZleba mogveCvenos
aramyar, cvalebad kategoriad, radganac icvlebian is kriteriumebi, romlebze
dayrdnobiTac sazogadoeba ayalibebs Tavis damokidebulebas ama Tu im
procesisadmi. amave dros kacobriobam Tavisi arsebobis manZilze SeZlo iseTi
moraluri normebis Camoyalibeba, romelic ar ganicdian saxecvlilebas zemoaRniSnul
mizezTa gamo. “moralur borkils” SeiZleba vuwodoT “aucileblobis borkili”, vinaidan
adamianTa Soris arc Tu ise iSviaTia “misi darRvevis msurveli”. morali, upirveles
yovlisa, xalxuri sibrZnea, romelic Seuqmnia kacobriobas adamianTa siSlegisa gamo.
arc erTi moraluri norma, romelic dRemde arsebobs sasxvaTaSoriso fiqrze
dayrdnobiT araa Seqmnili. morali es aris adamianisa da adamianurobis bunebaze
aTaswlovani dakvirvebis Sedegad Seqmnili warmosaxviTi WeSmariteba, romelic
Tavis droze safuZvlad daedo (mraval sxva faqtorebTan erTad) dedamiwaze arsebul
yvela moqmed kanons. sazogadoebis udidesi umravlesoba nebayoflobiT mxolod da
mxolod moralur princi pebs emorCileba da aravin miiCnevs am ukanasknels
arasasurvel, umkacres sakrvelad, vinaidan swored maszea dafuZnebuli namdvili
adamianuri buneba. sazogadoebas ar axasiaTebs moraluri princi pebis sisworeSi
eWvis Setana, amitomac yoveli Cvengani TiTqmis qvecnobierad vaRiarebT mis
uzenaesobas da nebismieri qmedebis dros maqsimalurad vcdilobT davicvaT igi,
Tumca arc Tu ise iSviTia SemTxveva misi uxeSi gaTelvisa, rac mkveTrad aisaxeba
sazogadoebis ganwyobaSi ama Tu im kerZo SemTxvevis an konkretuli pirovnebis
Sefasebisas. xalxi, sazogadoeba da brZenkaci _ ai is qvakuTxedi, romelic erTdroulad
moraluri princi pebis Semoqmedicaa da matarebelic. morali, upirveles yovlisa,
adamianuri Rirsebis monapovaria, am ukanasknelma igi azrovnebaze dayrdnobiT
Seqmna. masmediuri eTika, upirveles yovlisa, gulisxmobs moralur siwmindes,
faqtebis damajereblobas, esTetikur wesrigs, moqmedebis gaazrebulobasa da
mizanSewonilobas. imisa gamo, rom masmedia uaRresad zemoqmedebs
sazogadoebriv cxovrebaze, mas informaciulTan erTad didaqtikuri funqciac akisria.
igi CvenSi mravali faqtorisadmi pasuxismgeblobas “aRviZebs”.Aasaxvis formebis
mravalferovneba, romlsac masmedia flobs, eTikur Rirebulebebs eqvemdebareba.
eTika is regulatoria, romelic awesrigebs masmediis damokidebulebas nebismieri
sakiTxisadmi. eTika masmediis sulieri moZRvaria, romelic uCvenebs mas im
umTavress, riTac sazogadoebasTan kavSirisas unda ixelmZRvanelos. masmedia,
romelic yoveldRiurad “iWreba” adamianis fsiqologiaSi universaluri SesaZleblobis
matarebelia. misi asxvis obieqti Zalze masStaburia – saxelmwifo politika, sxvadasxva
socialuri sakiTxebi, kulturuli memkvidreoba, yoveldRiuri yofa, sazogadoebis
wevrebis piradi da kerZo cxovreba – yovelive es zrdis masmediis SemecnebiTsa Tu
gavlenis sferos. igi, rogorc mravali sxva ram, gamocdilebis safuZvelze viTardeba.
politikuri da socialuri sakiTxebis urTierTdamokidebuleba, maTi harmoniuli da
kontrastuli urTierTmimarTeba masmedias saSualebas aZlevs warmoiCinos safuZveli
da macocxlebeli Zala yvela im procesebisa, saidanac isini warmoiSvnen. masmedia
aseve “ayalibebs”, “warmoaCens” da aRnusxavs saxelmwifos cxovrebis yoveldRiur
process. masmediur eTikas aucileblad unda gansazRvravdes rogorc warsulis, aseve
Tanamedroveobisa da momavlis umZafresi gancda. masmedia, romelic
sazogadoebaze zemoqmedebis yvelaze qmediTi instrumentia uaRresad didi
pasuxismgeblobis matarebelia, romelzedac bevradaa damokidebuli sazogadoebrivi
cxovrebis nebismieri waxnagis swori, marTebuli aRqma, romelic aseve “frTxilad” da
gaazrebulad unda iqnas mitanili sazogadoebis TiToeul wevramde. masmediisTvis
mTavari faseuloba adamiania, WeSmariti masmediuri morali yovelTvis ugulebelyofs
mikerZoebis princips. moraluri da esTetikuri sqemebi udides zegavlenas axdenen
masmediaze da mis msoflmxedvelobas mudmivad gonier sawyisze afuZneben.
masmediis damokidebuleba saxelmwifo politikisadmi konstruqciuli princi pebiT unda
xorcieldebodes. saxelmwifo politika, romelic Sedgeba mudmivi da cvalebadi
interesebisagan masmedias “saSualebas aZlevs” iyos movlenaTa epicentrSi, radganac
politika es aris adamianebis gansakuTrebuli moRvaweoba, sadac yvelaze metad
vlindeba maTive buneba, Tu ramdenad arian isini subieqturni da magrZnobiareni.
politikasa da adamianTa Soris socialuri urTierTobis process safuZvlad udevs nebsiT
gamoxatuli eTikuri moqmedeba. sazogadoebas da saxelmwifo politikas erTi saboloo
mizani aqvT – Zlieri saxelmwifos Seqmna. rogorc aRvniSneT, ideis erTianoba
saxelmwifo mmarTvelobas aniWebs marTvis procesebis SeuzRudavad warmarTvas
manam, sanam imave sazogadoebas ar gauCndeba eWvi imis Taobaze, rom
saxelmwifo mmarTvelobaSi dominantobs subieqturi, mxolod mmarTveli ZalisaTvis
sasurveli politika. mediis, masobrivi komunikaciis saSualebebis swori da efeqturi
gamoyeneba uaRresad mniSvnelovania saxelmwifo politikis warmatebiT
ganxorcielebaSi, vinaidan igi yvelaze ufro efeqturi gzaa sazogadoebaze “gavlenis
mosaxdenad”. masmediis saSualebebTan swori, gaazrebuli mimarTeba saxelmwifo
politikis mniSvnelovani nawili unda iyos. mxolod amdagvari midgoma ganapirobebs
masmediis maqsimalurad da efeqturad gamoyenebas. Uunda gvaxsovdes, rom
diskreditaciis mizniT mediis “gamoyeneba” obieqturobis princi ps ukan swevs.
masmedias, romelic warmoadgens sazogadoebis yoveldRiurobis warmomCens da
misi interesebis gamomxatvels, miznad ar unda hqondes romelime kerZo, politikuri
Tu ekonomikuri dajgufebis lobireba. saxelmwifo mmarTvelobam mediasTan
urTierTobis damyareba mxolod misaRebi, saerTaSoriso normebiT aRiarebuli
meTodebiT unda ganaxorcielos. Tu saxelmwifo mmarTvelobiTi organoebi,
subieqturi moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT “qmnian” saxelmwifo politikas, maSin
rezultati amgvari qmedebisa qveyanaSi aucileblad iqneba axali, Sina politikuri
dapirispirebebi, romlebic uaRresad daZabaven socialur atmosferosac, ris gamoc wina
planze wamoiwevs naklebad kontrolirebadi sxvadasxva moqalaqeobrivi da
sazogadoebrivi iniciativebis ganxorcielebis survili. sazogadoebrivi azris
konsolidaciisa da ganviTarebisaTvis masmediuri saSualebebis gamoyeneba
usazRvrod zrdis mis rols, radganac masmedia warmoaCens qveynis yvelaze ufro
saWirboroto da mtkivneul sakiTxebs. aq ki eTikuri normebis dacva masmediis
mxridan aucilebelze aucilebeli xdeba. aqedan gamomdinare, masmedia aucileblad
unda darCes miukerZoebeli da obieqturi da am princi pebze dayrdnobiT asaxos
sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifo politikis moTxovnebi. masmediuri Semoqmedeba ar
SeiZleba iyos sinamdvilis “civi suraTi”, radagan igi Tavisi bunebiT uaRresad
eqspresiulia. Jurnalistisagan obieqturi sinamdvilis saxedqmnis procesi maqsimalurad
mcire droSi xdeba, ris gamoc Jurnalisturi narkvevi SeiZleba naklebad flobdes
esTetikuri tkbobis fenomens, magram man aucileblad unda moaxerxos umTavresi _
sazogadoebis drouli informireba, romelic, upirveles yovlisa, aRsavse iqneba
WeSmariti SegrZnebebiTa da momxdari faqtis realizmiT. saxelmwifo politikis
kvlevisas masmedias, ufro metad unda ainteresebdes misi ukufenebi, vinaidan
mTavari saTqmeli yovelTvis iqaa, sadac mas yvelaze naklebad elian. masmedia
Tavisi bunebiT uaRresad eqspresiulia, gansakuTrebiT ki obieqturi sinamdvilis
saxedqmnis procesSi. ris gamoc Jurnalistebisagan gansakuTrebuli SegrZnebebis
gamovlenas, informaciis mowodebis operatiulobasa da dasmuli sakiTxis sicxades
moviTxovT. masmedias kargad esmis rom cxovrebis (saxelmwifo politikis)
normaluri msvlelobis fiqsirebasTan erTad Zalzed sainteresoa araordinaluri situaciis
aRwera. amitom igi exarbeba wonasworobidan gamosulis Sesaxeb msjelobas, amiT
igi Zalze hgavs xelovnebas, masac xom naklebad moswons fsiqologiurad
gawonasworebuli adamiani, pirovneba misTvis bevrad ufro sainteresoa umaRlesi
mZvinvarebisa da mwuxarebis dros. politikac zogjer swored maSin xdeba udidesi
interesis Semcveli, rodesac es ukanaskneli gamodis akademiurobidan. saRi azri _
Sinagani xmis karnaxia, romelsac yovel adamians mudmivad sTavazobs Cvens sulSi
ganTavsebuli meore “me”. saRi azri gansazRvravs Jurnalistis politikur mrwamss,
ayalibebs mis “gemovnebas”, riTac Tavisi wvlili Seaqvs masmediuri
msoflmxedvelobis SemuSavebasa da CamoyalibebaSi. saRi azri naTeli gonebis
simaxvilesTanaa wilnayari, iseT gonebasTan, romelsac advilad SeuZlia realurobis
ganCxreka da logikis principiT msjeloba im sinamdvilis Sesaxeb, romelsac situacia
sTavazobs. iseve rogorc msjeloba, saRi azric logikis principiTaa SeiaraRebuli. igi
Seucvleli instrumentia WeSmaritebaSi SesaRwevad. ramdenadac Sinaganad Rrma da
lamazia azri, miT ufro sainteresoa mis Sesaxeb msjeloba. saRi azri _ “gaRviZebuli
gonebis” produqtia. mas kacobriobis istoriis manZilze uamravi mteri hyolia, hyavs da
eyoleba. masmediam xeli unda Seuwyos azris demokratizacias, sikeTis borotebaze
gamarjvebas, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sazogadoebaSi ganviTarebas daiwyebs
TandaTanobiTi degradacia, romelic mTlianad daarRvevs im arqiteqturas, romelic
masis sxvadasaxva fenebs aerTianebs. saRi azri gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens
politikur Tu socialur daZabulobaTa aRmofxvrisas. igi xdeba erT-erTi saSualeba
sasurveli wonasworobis aRsadgenad. Tu saRi azri partniorul sawyisebze ar
ganviTardeba, maSin igi Tavidanve ganwirulia kvdomisaTvis, radgan misi
ganxorcieleba aucileblad gulismobs ama Tu im sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi sxvadasxva
mxareTa Tanamonawileobas. saR azrSi subieqturi sawyisis monawileoba im
mdgomareobis proporciuli unda iyos, romelic realurad arsebobs. winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi igi gadaiqceva “im moZRvrebad”, romelsac ganxorcieleba arasodes
uweria. masmediurma saRma azrma realur sinamdvilesTan unda dagvaaxloos,
adamianTa WeSmariti grZnobebi unda gadmogvces. igi aucileblad unda iyos
realobis, grZnobebis da gulisTqmis erTianobis simbolo, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi
misi JReradoba imdenad ganeldeba, rom mowinaaRmdege azri misi
neitralizaciisaTvis drosac ki ar daxarjavs. saRi azri dinamikuri wonasworobiT unda
xasiaTdebodes, vinaidan srulad warmoudgenelia sxvanairi swrafva srulyofisaken.
saRi azri sworad moazrovne gonis nayofia. nebismieri qmedebis koordinireba swored
maszea dafuZnebuli, amitom “doqtrina”, romelic gonidan modis gansazRvrulia im
SesaZleblobebiT, romelic realurad arsebobs, ama Tu im sakiTxis mosagvareblad
drois am monakveTSi. nebismieri masmediuri qmedebisas saRma azrma dominanturi
pozicia unda moipovos. ZiriTadi tendenciebi, romelsac masmediuri potencia
emsaxureba, mxolod maSin miaRwevs sicxadesa da garkveulobas, rodesac winaswar,
azrobrivad Camoqnil-Camoyalibebuli meTodebiT moqmedebs. saRi azri naklebad
erTveba eqsperimentSi, Tumca isic unda aRiniSnos, rom igi mravali cdis da
SesaZlebelis SejerebiTaa miRebuli. saRi azri yovelTvis aRsavsea movaleobis
grZnobiT, amitomacaa misi yoveli nabiji uaRresad mozomili da asgzis ganWvretili.
saRi azri momavlis fundamentia, am kuTxiT mas udidesi pasuxismgebloba eniWeba.
amitomacaa igi agebuli mkacr logikaze da gamonaklisis daSveba ver ZaluZs. gonebis
mowesrigebuli xelmZRvanelobiT igi ayalibebs im aucilebel principebs, romelsac
nebismieri masmediuri naazrevi unda emorCilebodes. saRi azri zogjer dadgenili
normebis TamamdamrRvevad gvevlineba, rac aucileblobiTaa ganpirobebuli. kerZod,
“axali realizmi” zogjer aSkarad miuTiTebs mas aucilebel koreqciaze. me Tavisuflad
SemiZlia warmovidgino uxelo, ufexo, uTavo kaci (radgan mxolod cda gvarwmunebs,
rom Tavi ufro saWiroa, vidre fexebi), magram ar SemiZlia warmovidgino kaci,
romelsac daxSuli aqvs azrovnebis unari: es kaci ar iqneba, aramed qva, anda pirutyvi.
[blez paskali, “azrebi”. Tb., 1981, gv. 266] instiqti da goneba _ ori sxvadasxva
bunebis niSani. [iqve, gv. 267] ariTmetikuli manqanis moqmedeba ufro moazrovne
arsebis moqmedebas waagavs, vidre cxovelebisas, magram manqanas ara aqvs
sakuTari neba, cxovels ki aqvs. [iqve. gv. 266] Cven ufro uyoymanod unda
vemorCilebodeT gonebas, vidre nebismier mbrZanebels, radgan vinc
ewinaaRmdegeba gonebas, ubeduria, xolo vinc ewinaaRmdegeba mbrZanebels,
CerCetia da Steri. [iqve, gv. 267] adamianis sidiade _ esaa misi azrovnebis unari.
[iqve, gv. 267] adamiani mxolod lerwamia, umweo lerwami, magram es lerwami
azrovnebs. mis gasasresad sulac araa saWiro samyaros risxva: sakmarisia qaris
Semoberva an wvimis wveTi. magram adamiani, Tundac samyaros mier gasresili,
mainc ufro Rirseulia da keTilSobili, vidre misi gamsresi, vinaidan grZnobs Tavis
aRsasrulsac da sakuTar umweobasac samyarosTan SedarebiT, samyaro ki arafers ara
grZnobs. maSasadame, mTeli Cveni Rirseba _ azrovnebaa. swored azri gvamarTlebs
Cven da ara dro da sivrce, romlebSiac Cakargulni varT, rogorc qrTilis marcvlebi.
maS, vecadoT viazrovnoT Rirseulad. ai, zneobis safuZvelTa safuZveli. [iqve, gv.
267] moazrovne lerwami (adamiani) _ Cveni Rirseba sivrcis daufleba ki ar aris,
aramed gonivrulad azrovnebis unari. ramdeni miwac unda SeviZino, ufro mdidari ar
gavxedbi, imitom, rom sivrcis meSveobiT samyaro momicavs da mylapavs me,
maSin rodesac, azris meSveobiT me TviTon movicav samyaros. [iqve, gv. 267]
azrovneba _ udidesi Rirsebaa, da sibrZne isaa, rom WeSmaritebas ar uRalato...
aucilebelia mihyve sayovelTaos. heraklite efeoseli. sadac azri naTelia, naTelia
monaTxrobic, da saWiro sityvac maSin modis, TiTqos TavisTavad. nikola bualo
(1636-1711) _ frangi poeti, poeziis Teoretikosi. adamianma unda gamoTqvas Tavisi
azrebi. es ufleba ki ara, movaleobaa. persi biSi Seli (1792-1822) _ ingliseli poeti.
aravin araa dazRveuli, rom sisulele Tqvas., magram cudia, roca mas mofiqrebulad
amboben. miSel monteni (1533-1592) _ frangi filosofosi, mwerali. yvelafris Tqma
bolomde _ sisulelea, magram, rasac ityvi, Sens fiqrs unda gamoxatavdes. miSel
monteni (1533-1592) _ frangi filosofosi, mwerali. jiutoba da sicxare kamaTSi _
sisulelis sarwmuno TamaSia. miSel monteni (1533-1592) _ frangi filosofosi, mwerali.
A logikuri msjeloba masmediuri kvlevis princi pebis specifikuri Tvisebebi
maqsimalurad vlindeba im SemTxvevaSi Tu Jurnalistis mier winaswar gansazRvrulia
im procesebis kanonzomierebani, romlebic arsebiTad qmnian asasaxi obieqtis
ZiriTad konstruqcias. masmediur “msjelobaze” dayrdnobiT SemuSavebuli nebismieri
azri Tavisuflad, SeuboWavad unda gamoxatavdes mis damokidebulebas ama Tu im
movlenasTan, rogorc socialurTan, aseve politikurTan. azris Tavisufali, uproblemo
gamoxatva masmediis arsebobisa da moqmedebis aucilebeli da umTavresi pirobaa.
msjelobis swori da marTebuli warmarTva, misi gaazrebuli Casma samoqmedo
procesSi, am ukanasknels swori daskvnis miRebis utyuar saSualebas aZlevs. faqtis
logikuri Sefaseba Jurnalists sakvlevi sakiTxisadmi swor refleqss uyalibebs. rodesac
msjelobisa da gansjis obieqti politikuri cxovrebis romelime sfero xdeba, maSin
masmediuri analizis wili erTiorad izrdeba da, igi sainteresosTan erTad,
sazogadoebriv azrsac gamoxatavs. Zlieri gancda, romelic masmediurma
namuSevarma unda mogvaniWos, pirdapirproporciulia avtoris logikuri azrovnebisa,
romelic myarad unda iyos Semecnebuli, gaazrebuli da ganCxrekili. igi ganuxrelad
unda rCebodes sazogadoebisaTvis obieqturi suraTis warmomCen wyarod. zneobrivi
kmayofileba nebismier masmediur saSualebas maSin eufleba, rodesac sazogadoebis
azri da misi daskvna logikurad identuria. masmedia logikis wyalobiT “mis Tanaziarsa
da Tanamonawiled” xdis sazogadoebis sxvadasxva fenebs, romlebic Zireulad arian
dainteresebuli am sakiTxiT. unikaluri princi pi, romlis meSveobiTac masmedia ikrebs
Tavis “momxreebs” _ aris adamianuri gonisa da azrovnebis Tavisufleba. masmediam
unda moaxerxos “sxvadasxva dasaSvebi Sedegebidan” (aseve logikis daxmarebiT)
umTavresis prognozireba. logikur jaWvze dayrdnobiT warmoaCinos is realoba,
romelic yvelaze metadaa dasaSvebi am sakiTxis irgvliv. masmediuri wyaroebi
sazogadoebas aniWeben unikalur rols da maTi “dakveTiT” aqtiurdebian sxvadasxva
socialur da politikur sakiTxebze. masmediuri wyaro, romelic xalxis survilis
sawinaaRmdegod “daiwyebs muSaobas” imTaviTve ganwirulia. kacobrioba jer ar
icnobs iseT sazogadoebas, romelsac ar SeeZlos masmediuri azris “sworad aRqma”.
msjeloba, romelsac masmediis nebismieri warmomadgeneli iyenebs aucileblad realur
safuZvelze unda idges, radganac warmosaxviTi ideebi cudad prognozirebadia da xSir
SemTxvevaSi _ TiTqmis gamoucnobi. masmediuri wyaroebi sazogadoebas
exmarebian kaTarzisSi - sulis ganwmendaSi. Tu mavani da mavani sxvadasxva
istoriul epoqaSi ganwmendis saSualebad cecxlsa da musikas iSveliebdnen,
masmedia, amgvari magiuri Zalis simbolod marTal sityvas miiCnevs. marTali sityva
Sewonasworebuli msjelobisa da sxvadasxva logikur faqtTa Sejerebis uSualo
produqtia. igi mniSvnelovanwilad migvaniSnebs im mosalodnel Sedegebze, romelic
momxdarisa gamo SeiZleba warmoCindes. arc erTi masmediuri wyaro, romelic am
principebs ar iyenebs, ar iqneba dazRveuli faqtis araswori interretaciisagan. amasTan
erTad masmediurma wyarom unda gaaRviZos adamianis gonis logikuri azrovneba da
masze dayrdnobiT miiyvanos igi swor, logikur daskvnamde. masmediisa da politikis
urTierTkavSiri uwyvetia da warmoadgens “mraval winaurTierTobaTa” Sedegs,
romelic (Tavis mxriv) gaxdeba safuZveli maTi Semdgomi urTierTkavSirisa.
maSasadame, masmediuri wyaroebi ara mxolod politikuri Tu socialuri cxovrebis
JamTaaRmwerelni arian, aramed axali, momavali moqmedebebis katalizatornic.
masmediuri msjeloba gansakuTrebulad, frTxilad unda moekidos saxelmwifo politikis
romelime segmentis “ganCxrekvas”, vinaidan ar SeiZleba saxelmwifo politikis
Sefaseba erTi romelime epizodis CvenebiT, ragind niSandoblivic ar unda iyos igi. Tu
masmedia mainc gadawyvets aCvenos “yvelaze mniSvnelovani wami” saxelmwifo
politikisa, man mTeli Zalebis koncentraciiT sacnauri unda gaxados sruli arsi
politikuri veqtorisa. daintereseba da siRrmiseuli kvleva mSvidi, gawonasworebuli
mdgomareobis aRwerisas masmedia xasiaTis gamovlenis TvalsazrisiT “naklebad
efeqturia”. misi xelwera “mZafrdeba” socialuri Tu politikuri simwvavis dros.
radganac cxovrebis normaluri msvlelobis aRwera bevrad ufro “mosawyenia”, vidre
“araCveulebriv” movlenaTa emociuri fiqsireba. politikuri azartuloba, misi Zlieri
vneba yvelaze ukeT Cans gamZafrebuli situaciebis aRnusxvisas da ara mdore,
mSvidi cxovrebiT gajerebuli yofis aRbeWdvisas. Tu masmediuri naRvawi adamianis
ganwyobis stabilurobas “ar arRvevs”, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aq enamoSvebulobasTan
ufro gvaqvs saqme, vidre masmediur xelovnebasTan. masmedia Tavisi aqtualuri,
elitaruli sityviT adamianis sulieri fenomenis amaRlebas unda uwyobdes xels. imisa
gamo, rom politika xasiaTdeba aramdgradobiT, masmedia, romelic am procesebis
gaTavisebisken mudmivad iltvis, aSkarad grZnobs SesaZlebel cdomilebebs;
masmedias, miuxedavad didi survilisa, ar ZaluZs “aTasgvari naklisa da
mankierebisagan” srulad gankurnos Tavisi “sayvareli sagani”, ise rogorc amas
simarTle akeTebs. masmediam kargad icis, rom simarTlis mospoba SeuZlebelia,
amitom yovelmxriv cdilobs maqsimalurad miuaxlovdes mas da Tu es SeuZlebeli
xdeba, maSin am nakls sakuTar Tavsac umalavs da sxvasac. masmediis mizani ar
SeiZleba iyos Tavisi “msusxavi sacecebis” saSualebiT “msajulTagan ganusjelis”
afiSireba, Tumca Tval-yuris devneba amgvari procesebis ganviTarebisadmi misi erT-
erTi, aucilebeli movaleobaTagania. am gzaze masmediam unda daZlios “macdunebel
ZalTa” umwvavesi Semoteva, raTa sazogadoebas miewodos “SeumRvreveli”
realoba. masmediam TviTanalizi keTilgonivrul fiqrs unda dauqvemdebaros. stili,
romliTac masmedia esaubrebda sazogadoebas, gamoricxavs imperatiulobas.
saxelmwifo politikis Sesaxeb masmediaSi saubari imdenad aris dasaSvebi,
ramdenadac igi saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis keTildReobas emsaxureba. Jurnalisturi
kvleva mizanswrafuli, mizanmimarTuli moqmedebaa, romelic STabeWdilebaTa
originaluri asaxviTa da, empiriaze dayrdnobiT qmnis WeSmariti Zalis mqone
masmediur narkvevs. am ukanasknels gaazrebuli pozicia saSualebas aZlevs
mkveTrad gamijnos globaluri politikis sasicocxlo interesebi yoveldRiuri
sinamdvilisagan. mizezobriv damokidebulebaTa Secnoba masmedias saSualebas
aZlevs imoqmedos swori, utyuari daskvnebis gakeTebisaTvis, radgan es ukanaskneli
Tavisi bunebidan gamomdinare, maxvili xedviTa da Sinagani SeRwevadobiT
gamoirCeva. masmedia naklebad unda eqceodes emociebisa da grZnobad aRqmaTa
tyveobaSi, rodesac misTvis faqtis mxolod da mxolod zedapiruli nawilia
gacnobierebuli. politikuri procesebis siRrmeSi SesaRwevad aucilebelia realobis
aqtiurad da SemoqmedebiTad aRqma, Tumca isic cnobilia, rom masmediis
yoveldRiur damokidebulebas sinamdvilesTan sxvadasxva mizez-faqtori
gansazRvravs. da mainc, masmediuri kvleva, uwinares yovlisa, sxvadasxva politikur
movlenaTa safuZvlebisa da mizezebis SecnobaSi unda xedavdes Tavis upirveles
movaleobas. masme diam unda gvaziaros realur sinamdviles, mis pirvelmizezsa da
sworad moqmedebis princi pebs. man Tavidan unda moiSoros gamorCeuli
“simpaTiiT Wvreta” romelime obieqtisadmi, radganac es ukanaskneli misTvis
Zireulad SeuTavsebelia. masmedia gvawvdis politikur Tu socialur sakiTxTa mdidar,
cocxal da feradovan suraTebs. mas ZaluZs “saWiro SemTxvevaSi” sazogadoebis
Tvalsazrisi “Secvalos” da xalxisa da saxelmwifo politikis msoflxedva “erTmaneTs
moargos”, an piriqiT. masmedia araa dainteresebuli ama Tu im politikuri substanciis
TviTneburi SecvliT. igi unda xasiaTdebodes globaluri analizis unariT, romelic
saSualebas miscems mas, swrafad da sworad gaiTavisos sakiTxis istoriuli, tradiciuli
mxare da samomavlo perspeqtiva. rodesac masmedia gaTavisufldeba Tavisi “uSualo
survilebisa da moTxovnebisagan” da Rrmad Caixedavs politikur Tu sxva
saganTdasabamSi, aSkarad dainaxavs nebismieri movlenis mizez-SedegTa realur,
uwyvet jaWvs. masmedia daucxroblad iltvis politikis dafaruli azris amosacnobad.
politikuri programebisa Tu socialuri institutebis kvlevisas masmediis interess
warmoadgens ara mxolod faqti, aramed misi Semoqmedic da aRmasrulebelic.
masmediis azri politikur procesebze im warmodgenasac efuZneba, romelic,
misdauneburad, amave politikis SemoqmedebTan realuri urTierTobisas yalibdeba.
amave dros masmedias ZaluZs myiseulad Secvalos sazogadoebis damokidebuleba im
politikuri personis mimarT, romelic miseul SexedulebaTa CarCoSi ar jdeba.
politikuri procesebis marTebuli suraTis Seqmna, SesaZlebelia ara “erTjeradi
warmodgeniT”, aramed am suraTis mudmivi srulyofiT. Tu masmediur wyaros surs
iqonios swori warmodgena nebismier politikur procesze, man bevrad ufro meti unda
“iSromos”, vidre cnobis mompovebloba an faqtis aRnusxvaa, radgan es ukanaskneli
mxolod maSin miaRwevs sawadels Tu misi azri, politikuri procesebis mimarT
gamoTqmuli, urTierTsawinaaRmdego debulebebis realuri sapirwonea. nebismier
politikur svlas moeZebneba uamravi, sxvadasxva interpretacia, masmediam ki am
uamravTagan unda miagnos im erTaderTs, romelmac sinamdvileSi warmoSva es
procesi. movlenaTa mizezebis kvlevisas masmedias sruliad kanonierad “surs”
uswrafesad amoicnos esa Tu is safuZveli momxdarisa, radganac igi droiT
SemosazRvrulSemofarglulia da caitnots mudmivad ganicdis. am dros sandoobis
xarisxi masmediam mxolod da mxolod obieqtur, realur ganWvretaze dayrdnobiT
unda daadginos, am niSniT unda SeirCes mosalodneli moqmedebis ganviTarebis
swori varianti. masmedia unda Seecados ganmartos amgvari politikuri moqmedebis
sazrisi. politikur moZRvrebaTagan zogierTs yofiereba aqvs manam, sanam esa Tu is
konkretuli procesi aqtiur moqmedebaSia, nawili ki samaradJamod imkvidrebs
arsebobis uflebas, romelic TandaTanobiT istoriis kuTvnilebaSi gadadis da
samudamod Tavsdeba eris mexsierebaSi. masmediam qveynis calkeuli politikuri
procesi amave saxelmwifos politikis “saerTo sarkeSi” unda dainaxos. miuxedavad
imisa, rom azrovneba bunebiT zogadia, masmediam misi CarTva kerZo, konkretul
sferoSic aucileblad unda SeZlos, radganac es ukanaskneli, masmediur produqts
logikurobasTan erTad TvalsaCinoebasa da azris xatovanebasac aniWebs. sakacobrio
istorias is politikosebi da politikuri procesebi SerCebian, romlebmac cxovlad warm
os ax es e po qis politik uri Tu soc ialuri vnebebi. amave dros, SeuZlebelia
Jurnalistma srulad warmoaCinos politikur sakiTxTa simwvave, Tu Tavad ar iqneba
wilnayari am procesebTan. sazogadoeba, arc Tu ise iSviaTad, masmediur wyaroebze
dayrdnobiT afuZnebs Tavis moqalaqeobriv movaleobas. amitomac am ukanasknelis
nebismieri miniSneba, Ria Tu faruli, gansazRvravs sazogadoebis damokidebulebas
saxelmwifo politikisadmi. aSkaraa, rom arsebobs politikuri vneba, magram vnebiani
politika _ arasdros. Tu masmedias surs SeimuSaos WeSmariti azri politikis Sesaxeb,
maSin igi unda “gamoeyos” politikur vnebaTaRelvas da sruliad obieqturad Sexedos
mas. masmediis sasicocxlo muxti adamianTa samyaroa. amitomacaa saintereso
misTvis adamianur-subieqturi Tvisebebi. politika, romelic xSirad Tavisi
egocentristuli SexedulebebiT gamoirCeva, masmedias xSirad, “urCevs”
TavSekavebas politikur moqmedebaTa Sefasebisagan. neba (survili) ase msurs da
ase vxedav _ nebis (survilis) es princi pi, SeiZleba rig SemTxvevaSi personis
Wirveulobis gamoxatulebasac warmoadgendes, magram is, rom es ukanaskneli
udidesi yuradRebis Rirsia, aSkaraa, Tundac imitom, rom mis gareSe adamianis
goneba adgilidan “fexs ar moicvlis”. am ukanasknelis gaaqtiureba safuZvels,
aucilebel biZgs nebidan iRebs. imisaTvis, rom adamianma Tavad, damoukideblad
wamarTos Tavisi bedi – neba namdvilad ar warmoadgens ukanasknel komponents.
nebismieri pozicia nebagamovlilia da, aqedan gamomdinare, adamianis zegrZnobadi
prerogativaa. neba adamianur TvisebaTa cvalebad kategorias ganekuTvneba,
romelzec mTlianadaa dakavSirebuli realurad arsebuli movlenebis srulyofili asaxva.
gamomdinare zemoaRniSnulidan, igi moiazreba rogorc gare samyaros bunebrivi
aTvisebis, adamianuri qmedebebis erT-erTi, upirvelesi katalizatori. neba
individumisa da sazogadoebis survilis gamoxatulebaa. igi is wyaroa, romelzedac
mTlianadaa damokidebuli personis qmedebis nairsaxeoba. amave dros nebisagan
aRZruli moqmedeba, Semdgomi ganviTarebisas, naklebad emorCileba am
ukanasknels, radganac ifargleba sxvadasxva eTikuri kategoriiT. neba gonebis
moqmedebaSi CarTvis winapirobaa, goneba ki mizanmimarTuladaa orientirebuli
yofierebis, umaRlesi WeSmaritebis, gasacnobiereblad. neba Znelad mosaToki
grZnobaa, romelic “idumal instiqtad” gadaqceuli, gvkarnaxobs mTel cxovrebas. neba
adamianis Sinagani “me”-s gamoZaxilia, romelic sxvadasxva formiT gvibiZgebs
aqtiurobisaken an pasiurobisaken. neba gancxadebaa gonis mzadyofnaze ama Tu im
sferoSi moRvaweobisaTvis. nebeloba problemis gadaWris sawyisia, romelsac
sabolood mivyavarT sakvlevi sakiTxis mTlian gaazrebamde. “nebelobismieri qceva
Zirfesvianad gansxvavdeba yvela sxvagvari qcevisagan. nebelobis gareSe
warmoudgenelia rwmena, magram ara imitom, rom is qmnis am rwmenas, aramed
imitom, rom nebismieri sagnis, nebismieri movlenis simarTles Tu siyalbes mxolod
xedvis kuTxe, mxolod Cveni Tvalsazrisi ganapirobebs. neba, romelic upiratesobas
aniWebs erTs, suls ukrZalavs yovelive imis Wvretas, rac Tavad ar siamovnebs. ase
rom, nebis mona-morCili suli Wvrets mxolod imas, rasac neba iwonebs da gansjiTac
mxolod imis mixedviT sjis, rasac nebis karnaxiT Wvrets”. [b. paskali, “azrebi”. Tb.,
1981, gv. 212] obieqturoba da WeSmariteba obieqturi WeSmaritebis piruTvneli
gadmocema masmediis mTavari sagania. WeSmaritebisadmi erTguleba is
winapirobaa uromlisodac nebismieri masmediuri masala, mxolod da mxolod gonebis
uazro varjiSi iqneboda. vinaidan umeteswilad adamianis goniTi SesaZleblobebi,
yvelaze arsebiTad WeSmaritebis samsaxurSi vlindeba. es ukanaskneli mTeli Tavisi
vnebisa da Jinis akumulacias aq unda axdendes. masmediuri kvlevis mTavari azri
maqsimalurad unda iyos dazRveuli araswori, araobieqturi interpretaciebisagan.
eTikuri normebi pirdapiri gzaa masmediuri obieqturobisaken. qvecnobieri, idumali
instinqtebiT gajerebuli, buneba adamianisa mudmivad miiltvis WSmaritebis
dadgenisken. fiqri da azrovneba adamianis Rirsebacaa da movaleobac, ramdenadac es
procesi WeSmarit Rirebulebaze dafuZnebiT mimdinareobs, miT ufro keTilgonivruli
xdeba. kvali, romelsac masmediuri naazrevi tovebs, keTilSo bil e biTa d a d id sulo v
n e biT , R irs e biTa d a TavdaWerilobiT unda gamoirCeodes. WeSmaritebisadmi
gulgrili damokidebuleba adamianis msofelmxedvelobisaTvis srulad arabunebrivia.
keTilzneoba, moyvasisadmi uangaro samsaxuri pirdapir kavSirSia patiosnebasTan,
erTgulebasTan da keTilgonierebasTan. ramdenadac “vSordebiT patiosnebas”,
imdenadve vkargavT sulis simSvides. masmedias kargad esmis rom, araferi ise ar
amJRavnebs adamianur sisustes, rogorc mrude bunebis mqoneTa gverdiT dgoma.
veraferi utoldeba WeSmaritebis samsaxurisagan miRebul netarebas. “visac
WeSmariteba ar uyvars, yovelTvis i povis misTvis zurgSeqcevis sababs, Tundac im
mosazrebiT, rom umravlesoba uaryofs mas. amrigad, is ganzrax, Segnebulad cdeba;
am Secdomis wyaro _ esaa misi gulgriloba WeSmaritebisa da sikeTis mimarT, da am
kacisTvis ar arsebobs Sendoba.” [b. paskali, “azrebi”. Tb., 1981, gv. 250] masmediur
siqveleze ara mxolod konkretul, WeSmaritad Rirebul Tvisebaze dayrdnobiT unda
vimsjeloT, aramed mis mier gaweuli amgvari moqmedebebis xangrZlivobiTac.
WeSmaritebis asaxvisas masmediuri sindisi mwded da meoxad gonebas uxmobs,
radganac es ukanaskneli obieqturobis dedaa da aRmzrdeli. * * * sibrZne imaSia, rom
kacma ilaparakos sul WeSmariteba, bunebas miesadagos da mis Sesabamisad
moiqces. heraklite efeoseli. * * * WeSmariteba SeiZleba droebiT daiCagros, magram
misi sabolood damarcxeba SeuZlebelia. netari (wminda) avgustine. * * * sulelTan
patiosnad dava SeuZlebelia. miSel monteni (1533-1592) _ frangi filosofosi, mwerali.
6 3 * * * Jurnalists unda axsovdes: @”WeSmaritebis aRmoCena mdgomareobs ara
faqtebis uxvad damowmebaSi, rac adamians pedantad aqcevs, aramed saWiro
faqtebis gamoyenebaSi, rac mas filosofosad xdis”. henri-Tomas bokli (1821-1862) _
XIX saukunis ingliseli filosofosi. samarTlianoba tradiciulad masmedia
samarTlianobis msaxuria da maszea orientirebuli. igi, rogorc umaRlesi Rirebuleba,
Tavisi arsiTa da mniSvnelobiT, efuZneba obieqtursa da WeSmarits. masmediuri
samarTlianoba aucilebelia, raTa movlenebi TavianTi namdvili bunebis Sesabamisad
iqnas aRqmuli. masmediuri kvlevis simZimis centri samarTlianobis principiT unda
iyos gajerebuli. igi umWidroesadaa dakavSirebuli calkeuli faqtebis, individualuri
moqmedebebisa da princi pebis realur aRqmasTan. samarTlianoba, romelic
keTilgonivrulobiTaa nasazrdoebi, masmediuri ostatobis safuZvelia. masmediis
nebismier warmomadgenels unda axsovdes, rom samarTlianobisadmi msaxureba
mxolod misadmi mudmivi, “mxurvale trfialebiTaa” SesaZlebeli. samarTlianobisadmi
rwmenis ganmtkiceba da siyalbis mxileba aciskrovnebs adamianis sindiss da
warwymedisagan icavs mis suls, amitomac masmediur korpuss muxlCauxreli Sroma
marTebs samarTlianobis dasacavad, xolo mis aRsadgenad bevrad ufro meti.
samarTlianobis ignorireba niSnavs amoraluri faseulobebis aRiarebas, sakuTari
azrebisa da gancdebis Seuracxyofas. suverenuli goneba cxovrebiseul sinamdviles
mxolod da mxolod samarTlianobis princi piT unda aRiqvamdes, radganac igi
WeSmaritebis gamovlenis upirvelesi centria, sadac umaRles faseulobad adamianuri
gonis miukerZoebloba miiCneva. 6 5 samarTlianoba masmediis cxovrebis wesia,
romliskenac gadadgmuli yoveli nabiji WeSmaritebasTan miaxloebaa. masmediis es
mTavari princi pi mniSv - nelovan Sedegs aRwevs da aTavisuflebs am ukanasknels
Tavsmoxveuli, arasasurveli marwuxebisagan. es simarTlisadmi msaxurebis
universaluri modeli cxovrebis yvela aspeqtze vrceldeba, radganac igi adamianuri
TviTamaRlebis sawindaria, Sinagani aqtiurobis formaa. sazogadoebisaTvis
marTebuli iqneba is, rom igi aucileblad unda daemorCilos samarTlianobas, amave
dros Zala, romelsac iyeneben amave sazogadoebis winaaRmdeg, iZulebuls xdis mas
daemorCilos misTvis arasamarTlians, amdenad samarTlianoba Zalis gareSe ver
miiRweva. Zala, romelic samarTliT araa nasazrdoebi, yovelTvis darCeba umciresobis
mZlavr iaraRad umravlesobaze gasabatoneblad. samarTlianoba, romelsac zurgs ar
umagrebs Zala, uZluria; Zala, romlis zurgs ukan ar dgas samarTlianoba, tiranulia.
imis gamo, rom am qveynad ar dailevian ukeTurni uZlur samarTlianobas yovelTvis
fexqveS gaigeben; usamarTlo Zala ki yovelTvis aRaSfoTebs keTilT. maSasadame,
saWiroa Zalisa da samarTlianobis Serwyma; amitom an samarTlianoba unda gaxdes
Zlieri, anda Zala – samarTliani. “samarTlianoba xSirad sadavoa da sakamaTo, Zala ki
udavo da ucilobeli. amitomac samarTlianoba ver iqneba da ver gaxda Zlieri: Zala ar
scnobda mas da ambobda, rom samarTlianoba – usamarTloa, da rom mxolod
TviTonaa samarTliani. da raki samarTlianoba verasdidebiT 6 6 ver iqca Zalad,
xalxma sabolood gadawyvita, rom mxolod Zalaa samarTliani”. [blez paskali,
“azrebi”. Tb., 1981, gv. 257] “simarTle _ dasawyisi da dasasrulia yoveli arsisa.
simarTle rom ar yofiliyo, ar iqneboda araferi. amitom brZenni simarTles saunjed
Tvlian. simarTle ara marto TavisTavad arsebobs, aramed Seqmna yvela sagani.
TavisTavad arsebobs, radgan esaa siyvaruli; man Seqmna yvela sagani imitom, rom
isaa sibrZne, bunebrivi qvelmoqmedeba da tao, gareganisa da Sinaganis SemaerTebe-
li. Tumca bevrni simarTles uyuradRebod eqcevian, magram is arasodes dakargavs
Tavis mniSvnelobas”. konfuciusi. “ganuwyvetliv unda viswavloT, vakeToT,
vilaparakoT simarTle. vinc mis Seswavlas Seudgeba, mxolod is gaigebs, ramdenad
Sorsa vyofilvarT simarTlisagan”. konfuciusi. * * * Tu gsurT amaod ar idavoT da
daumtkicoT Tqvens Tanamosaubres, rom cdeba, uwinares yovlisa, unda gaarkvioT,
ra mxriv ganixilavs is davis sagans, radgan is, Cveulebriv, sworad xedavs. aRiareT
misi simarTle, magram imwamsve daumtkiceT, rom Tu sxva mxriv SexedeT sagans,
misi Tvalsazrisi mcdari aRmoCndeba. Tanamosaubre uyoymanod dageTanxmebaT:
mTavaria daijeros, rom ki ar Semcdara, aramed mxolod raRac gamorCa xedvis
aredan. radgan adamianebs maSin ki ar mosdiT guli, roca yvelafers ver xedaven,
aramed maSin, roca cdebian. SesaZloa es imiT aixsneba, rom adamians, Tavisi
bunebiT, ar SeuZlia erTbaSad aRiqvas da yovelmxriv gaiziaros sagani; magram Tu
aRiqvams (sulerTia, ra mxriv aRiqvams), yovelTvis sworad 6 7 aRiqvams mas,
radgan aRqmis yoveli monacemi, grZnobis yoveli mowmoba misTvis
eWvmiutanelia. adamians, Cveulebriv, is azri ufro arwmunebs, romelic mas mosdis
TavSi, vidre is, romelic sxvis TavSi ibadeba. blez paskali. * * * simarTle daeweva
matyuarebsa da cru mowmeebs. heraklite efeoseli. * * * sxeulis Zala da fuli ki ar
abednierebs adamians, aramed simarTle da mravalmxrivi sibrZne. demokrite. * * *
samarTlianoba sibrZnis gareSec niSnavs rames, sibrZne ki samarTlianobis gareSe
arafers niSnavs. markus tulius ciceroni. * * * usamarTloba ar aris YyovelTvis
moqmedebasTan dakavSirebuli. xSirad is swored umoqmedobaSi gamoixateba.
markus avreliusi. * * * samarTliani kacis zneobrivi Tvisebebi savsebiT cvlian
kanonebs menandre. * * * roca samarTlianoba qreba, maSin araferi rCeba iseTi, rom
adamianis sicocxles Rirebuleba misces. kanti. 6 8 swori, marTebuli azrovneba
saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis nebismieri politikis (rogorc saSinao, aseve sagareo)
gatarebisas, masmedia valdebulia SeinarCunos sworad azrovnebis survili. man unda
SesZlos arasasurvel, zemoqmed ZalTa ganeitraleba da mSvidi gansja, romlis gareSec
ar arsebobs arsebiTis dadgena. saxelmwifo politika aucileblad eZebs Tavis sayrdens
masmediaSi, raTa moi povos is instrumenti, romelic yvelaze upriania misive ideebis
gansaxorcieleblad, ris Sedegadac arc Tu iSviaTad miiReba “ocdaaT vercxlad nayidi”
sakaro masmedia. politika adamianuri xelovnebaa, romelsac qmnis adamiani an
adamianTa jgufi, raTa Sejerebuli da gaazrebuli taqtikuri svliT miaRwion qveynisa da
sazogadoebisaTvis sasurvels. aristoteles ganmartebiT politika “umaRlesi sikeTea”,
e.i. politikosis upirvelesi mizani adamianTa keTildReoba da materialuri
uzrunvelyofaa. amdenad, adamiani unda iltvodes politikisaken, rogorc sazogadoebrivi
cxovrebis gamaumjobesebelisaken. vinaidan am “wyarosaken” mimavali gzebi
gansxvavebulia, sazogadoebam Camoayaliba “sxvadasxva” politika anu politikuri
sistemebi. ar arsebobs saxelmwifo, romelic ukeTes mermiss ar eltvodes. saboloo
mizani yovel maTgans erTi aqvs da mas saxelmwifo politika gansazRvravs, politika,
romelic met-naklebad individualuri TvalTaxedviTaa Seqmnili. saxelmwifo politikis
formirebis procesi mravalplaniania, upirveles yovlisa, igi Seicavs or aucilebel atributs
_ saSinao da sagareo interesebs. am ukanasknelis mixedviT sxvadasxva saxelmwifo
sxvadasxva rames 6 9 iTxovs samyarosagan, TiToeuli maTgani amgvar ltolvas
erovnul, saxelmwifo politikas uwodebs. ra roli unda Seasrulos saxelmwifo politikis
xorcSesxmaSi masmediam? upirvelesi rac mas moeTxoveba _ sainformacio
mxardaWeraa, rogorc saxelmwifos saSinao, aseve sagareo sakiTxebSi, miTumetes
Tu saxelmwifoTa sastarto mdgomareoba da saerTaSoriso aRiareba sxvadasxva
donisaa. masmediis roli saxelmwifo politikis propagandaSi gansakuTrebulia.
imisaTvis rom informaciis gatanis SesaZleblobaSi didi da mcire saxelmwifoebi
Tanatolni aRmoCdnen, am ukanasknelis masmediurma saSualebebma udidesi misia
unda aiRon TavisTavze, risi naTeli dasturicaa ruseT-saqarTvelos Soris arsebuli
mdgomareoba. mxolod bolo wlebSi, SeZlo saqarTvelom sainformacio omis Rirseulad
warmarTva. adre igi ver “axerxebda” simarTlis damtkicebas saerTaSoriso
sazogadoebisaTvis, radgan informaciul oms “bevrad ufro ganviTarebuli” da
uzrunvelyofili rusuli masmedia igebda, romelsac “sul advilad SeeZlo” TeTris Savad
gasaReba. saerTaSoriso da samTavrobo mxardaWeris Semdeg masmediis sxvadasxva
saSualebebma saqarTvelos imiji srulad Secvala, rasac msoflio politikaSi mohyva
saqarTvelosadmi uprecedento mxardaWera. masmediam saqarTvelos saxelmwifo
politikaSi erT-erTi gadamwyveti roli iTamaSa. aSkaraa, rom qarTuli masmediis
mTeli ZaliT amuSavebis Semdeg ruseTis politikur xelmZRvanelobas gamudmebiT
uxdeba Tavis marTleba sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebsa Tu saxelmwifoTa
winaSe. ram ganapiroba yovelive es? upirvelesad masmediuri korpusisa da
mTavrobis erToblivma harmoniulma qmedebam da saazrovno Tanxvedram. 7 0 ras
niSnavs sainformacio omis mogeba? pirvel rigSi es aris momxdaris Sesaxeb
informaciis saerTaSoriso sarbielze uswrafesi gatana, sajarooba, mtkicebulebebis
aqcentireba, saerTaSoriso eqspertTa mowveva, informaciuli nakadis gaZliereba da
mosalodnelis prognozireba. yovelive zemoT CamoTvlili ukve myari niadagia
saxelmwifosaTvis situaciis Sesabamisi gancxadebebis gasakeTeblad. qarTulma
masmediam udidesi fsiqologiuri roli iTamaSa msoflio sazogadoebis saqarTvelosken
uaRresad rTuli Semobrunebis gzaze. masmedia gansakuTrebul amocanas asrulebs
saxelmwifo politikis arqiteqtonikaSi. swored misi saSualebiT warmoCindeba siRrme
da nairsaxeoba politikuri Canafiqrisa. rodesac masmediis sikeTeze vsaubrobT, pirvel
rigSi vakeTebT daskvnebs Tu riT daexmara igi saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebas
kritikul momentSi, ramdenad brZnuli iyo misi qmedeba, ramdenad SeZlo sasikeTod
mimarTuli azris droulad mowodeba, ramdenad swori da motivirebuli iyo is gza da
saSualebebi, romelic man wamowia wina planze, gaiTvaliswina Tu ara man sakiTxis
specifikuroba da individualuri mxare. Jurnalistur naazrevSi ar aris sasurveli rom
mTavari saTqmeli, mTavari azri miaxloebisas horizontiviT sul ufro ukan da ukan
iwevdes. masmediam “Tavisi sfero” araviTar SemTxvevaSi “Seuval samflobelod” ar
unda gadaaqcios; gamomdinare misive universalobidan igi yvelgan “sasurveli
stumris” statusiT unda sargeblobdes. masmedia xidia sazogadoebas da xelisuflebas
Soris, romlis simyarec orivezea damokidebuli. igi, upirvelesad, obieqturi
kanonzomierebis msaxuria da misi nebis aRmasrulebeli. 7 1 masmedia, upirveles
yovlisa, adamianis cnobismoyvare gonebas arwylulebs. politikas, romelic realuris,
sinamdvilis kanonmdebeli da mmarTvelia, aqvs “fiqrTa Tavisi salaro”, romlis
idumali Sreebi andamativiT izidaven masmediis cnobasmoyvareobas. amitomac
masmedia maradiuli ZiebisTvisaa ganwiruli. igi siamovnebiT kisrulobs mediatoris
funqcias saxelmwifo politikasa da sazogadoebas Soris, radganac gaaCnia udidesi
maregulirebeli Zala _ daamyaros mxareTa Soris konsesusi. Tu masmedia ar
“gamefdeba Tavis emociaze” da gonivrulad ar warmarTavs urTierTobas
sazogadoebasTan, cxovrebiseulma vnebebma igi advilad SeiZleba aacadinon
mTavars, arsebiTs da detalebze gadaataninon arsebiTi yuradReba. saxelmwifo
politikasTan urTierTobisas Wirs farTo politikuri speqtris yvela niuansze yuradRebis
gamaxvileba, amitomac aucilebelia gonebis sruli mobilizacia, mTlianad miuRebelia
detalebisadmi uyuradReboba, radgan politikuri cxovrebis “namdvili saxe” swored aq,
detalebSi imaleba. saxelmwifo politika, romelic wyvets qveynis saSinao da sagareo
sakiTxebs, ekonomikur da safinanso problemebs, kulturul da saganmanaTleblo
politikas, xSirad Tavs aridebs sakuTari moqmedebis sajaro detalizacias da
gamomzeurebas. saxelmwifo politika misi Semoqmedi individis an adamianTa jgufis
gonis simaRleze migviTiTebs. Tu politika saxelmwifo marTvis xelovnebaa, maSin
igi Semoqmedisagan aucileblad saWiroebs gamokveTil, Zlier individualurobas, raTa
aRqmuli iqnas rogorc am poli- 7 2 tikis warmatebis sruli garanti. rodesac aleqsandre
makedonelis an napoleon bonapartis saxelmwifo politikas gamorCeuls vuwodebT, es
imis mauwyebelia, rom TiToeuli Cvengani maTSi xedavs ara mxolod saxelmwifoTa
dapyrobisa da xalxTdamonebis didostats, aramed WeSmaritad didi saxelmwifo
politikis avtorebs. politika TavisTavSi did adamianur vnebebs irTavs. arc erT did
politikosze ar uTqvamT vnebebisagan dacdilao. saxelmwifo politikis moqniloba da
efeqtianoba ganizomeba im monapovariT, romelsac cxovrebaSi misi gatarebis
Sedegad vRebulobT. qarTuli saxelmwifos politika imdenad “gadatvirTulia”
mosagvarebel sakiTxTa simravliT, rom sruliad daclilia rigiTobisgan, aq yvelaferi
saSuri da saswrafoa: darRveuli teritoriuli erTianoba, mtradqceuli yofili imperia,
damokles maxviliviT moRerebeli mudmivi, pasuxgaucemeli kiTxva “yofna-
aryofnisa”, mzardi, magram jerac susti ekonomikuri mdgomareoba, saxelmwifo
Zlierebis upirvelesi RerZis – armiis sulyofa, msoflio ekonomiuri krizisi da a.S. am
fonze Cveni qveynis saxelmwifo politika Tavisi strategiuli miznebiT uaRresad
srulyofil, di plomatiur moqmedebas moiTxovs, raTa naklebadmtkivneuli iyos gza,
saxelmwifos erTian evropul sivrceSi integraciisa. 7 3 informaciuloba faqtebsa da
movlenebs Soris swor urTierTkavSirs uzrunvelyofs piruTvneli informacia, romelic
sazogadoebas masmediis sxvadasxva saSualebebiT miewodeba. amdenad masmediis
warmatebas drouli da swori informirebuloba gansazRvravs. globalizaciis procesma
informaciaze moTxovna umniSvnelovanesad gazarda, radganac, rogorc
sazogadoebaSi, aseve politikaSi sagrZnob upiratesobas sworad informirebuli Zala
aRwevs. sazogadoebis rwmena dRiTi dRe, sul ufro damokidebuli xdeba swor
informirebulobaze. informacia, romelic balavaria masmediuri produqciisa,
Jurnalisturi warmatebebisa Tu warumateblobisa, warmoadgens safuZvelTa safuZvels.
mxolod saRi azris, drouli informaciulobis, realizmisa da obieqturobis sworma
urTierTSerwymam SeiZleba ganapirobos warmatebaTa mopoveba. nebismieri
informacia masmediisagan “iTxovs” marTebul komentars, sadac maqsimalurad
vlindeba Jurnalistis profesionalizmi, sakiTxisadmi damokidebuleba, erudicia da
enobrivi (metyvelebiTi) mowesrigebuloba. informacia is aucilebeli wyaroa, romelic
safuZvlad edeba nebismier gadawyvetilebas. igi aCqarebs da aadvilebs miznis
miRwevas, sasurvelis misaRwevad qmnis realur winapirobas. “adamiani informacias
sami arxiT SeiZens da gascems. es arxebia:  vizualuri (mxedvelobiTi);  audiuri
(smeniTi);  kinesTetikuri (SegrZnebiTi). 7 4 am sami arxidan yovel Cvengans erT-
erTi ufro aqtiuri, prioritetuli aqvs da sakuTari modaluroba (ueWveloba) gagvaCnia.
amis gamo, individebi pirobiTad iyofian: vizualebad, audialebad, kinesTetikosebad”.
[g. jolia, biznes-etiketi da molaparakebebis xelovneba, Tb., 2006, gv.79] saxelmwifo
politikis mesveurT masmediis mier mopovebuli informacia interpretaciis gareSe unda
miewodos, raTa am masalis gadamuSavebiTa da masze dayrdnobiT ama Tu im
gadawyvetilebam swori azri SeiZinos. zogjer es informacia sakvanZoa, zogjer ki
mxolod garkveuli politikur SexedulebaTa Semavsebeli. masmedias mis mier
mopovebuli masalis safuZvelze gadawyvetilebis miReba naklebad evaleba, radganac
es ukanaskneli mTlianad politikur moRvaweTa prerogativaa. masmedia umTavresad
aqcents akeTebs am informacis Sedegad miRebul qmedebebze, sadac masmediuri
azris prioritetulobac sasurvelia, radganac isaa Semfasebeli Tu ramdenad efeqturad
iqna gamoyenebuli mis mier mopovebuli masala. marTalia, saxelmwifo politika “ver
dasjerdeba” mxolod masmediur kvlevebs, mis mier mopovebul informaciul masalebs,
magram calkeul sakiTxTa gadawyvetaSi am ukanasknelis monapovaris ar
gaTvaliswineba saxelmwifo marTviT organoebs, mxolod da mxolod uaryofiT
Sedegebs moutans. masmediis funqcia am kuTxiT universaluria. igi erTdroulad
informaciis mompovebelicaa da gamavrcelebelic. masmediuri saSualebebi
warmoadgenen im centrebs, romlTa irgvlivac Tavs iyrian sxvadasxva interesiT
gajerebuli sainformacio pirvelwyaroebi. 7 5 informacia pirdapir kavSirSia
asaxvasTan, radgan asaxvis procesi imavdroulad informaciuli procesia, anu
informacia, saboloo rezultatiT, garkveuli codnaa. “informacia aris codnis asaxvis
“moqmedi”, “muSa” nawili. marTalia,informacia mWidro kavSirSia da gadahkveTs
asaxvas, magram es ori termini erTi da igive ar aris. asaxva moicavs informacias,
magram ar emTxveva mas. Tu asaxva SeiZleba damoukideblad arsebobdes,
informacia asaxvis gareSe ar aris. amasTan informacia dakavSirebulia aqtiur
asaxvasTan. aqtiuri asaxva ki SeuZlia mxolod dasrulebul informaciul warmonaqmns.
asaxva informaciis recefciis elementia”. [m. cacanaSvili, “informaciuli sazogadoeba
da informaciis samarTlebrivi regulireba”. Tb., 1999, gv. 22] XXI saukunis
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferoSi informaciam umniSvnelovanesi adgili
daikava, amdenad dRevandeli sazogadoeba yvelaze informirebulia kacobriobis
istoriaSi. informaciis mopoveba da misi gacvla dRes adamianuri urTierTobis
safuZvelia, romelzedac, zednaSenis saxiT, izrdeba an mcirdeba iseTi adamianuri
Tvisebebi, rogoricaa: megobroba da siyvaruli, boroteba da sikeTe, zizRi Tu siZulvili.
masze bevradaa damokidebuli omi Tu mSvidoba, stabiluroba Tu areuloba.
informaciis matarebelia adamianuri goni, romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi masze
dayrdnobiT qmnis uzarmazar bazas anu codnis jams, romelic garkveulwilad
SezRudulia da moicavs mxolod imas, rac goniTi koncefciisTvisaa SesaZlebeli. is ver
iqneba yovlismomcveli, radganac igi Tavisi bunebiT zRvardadebulia da sasruli.
adamianis gonebas ar SeuZlia maqsimalurad SeinarCunos yvela is informaciuli
masala, romelic mas cxovrebis 7 6 manZilze nebsiT Tu uneblieT miewodeba,
romelTagan zogi gansakuTrebulia, zogic naklebadmniSvnelovani. informaciis
faseulobis mixedviT xdeba gansazRvra gadaxarisxeba e.w. “Semosuli masalisa”,
romelTaganac goni mxolod im informacias itovebs, romelic mas mniSvnelovnad
miaCnia, Tumca mexsierebaSi aseve rCeba iseTi informacia, romelic qvecnobierad
aRiqmeba. informacia ewodeba:  nebismieri obieqtis an movlenis aRweras; 
nebismier cnobas sazogadoebisaTvis adre ucnobi movlenebis Sesaxeb;  arCevanis
Sedegs;  nebismier Setyobinebas;  Setyobinebas obieqtis, movlenis an raime
procesis mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb;  momxdaris vizualur aRweras (damtkicebuli
informacia);  momxdaris sxvaTa sityvebiT gadmocemas(daumtkicebeli,
gadaumowmebeli informacia);  uZveles enaTa gaSifvris Sedegad miRebul cnobebs;
 arqeologiur monapovarze dayrdnobiT miRebul cnobebs da a.S.;  intuiciuri
SegrZnebebis gadmocemas;  zmanebis (sizmrebis) safuZvelze miRebul Setyobi
nebas;  leTargiuli mdgomareobis dros miRebul Setyobinebas;  klinikuri sikvdilis
dros miRebul Setyobinebas;  astralur niSnebs. 7 7 informaciis floba adamianis
prerogativaa da arasdros arsebobs mis gareSe. nebismieri adamiani informaciis
matarebeli individia, romelsac SeuZlia am informaciis dablokvac da gacvlac, es
ukanaskneli mxolod mis survilzea damokidebuli. informacia adamianis emociur
sferoze zegavlenis wyaroa, Tumca informacia, romelic Tundac realur, obieqtur
safuZvelzea areklili, “ver daiCemebs” momxdaris srul adekvaturobas. misi
adekvaturobis gansazRvra SesaZlebelia sintaqsis anu sainformacio masalaSi frazis
agebulebis, sityvaTa SekavSirebis wesis dacviT, semantikurobis (semasiologiis) anu
sityvisa da gamoTqmis mniSvnelobis sisworiT da pragmatulobis, anu praqtikulad
gamoyenebadobis, mixedviT. sainformacio masalisaTvis, teqstis momxdarTan
(sintaqsuri) adekvaturoba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania. sityvaTa SeTanxmeba,
frazis koreqtuloba azrobrivi kvlevis umTavresi safuZvelia. informaciis Sinaarsi,
romelic sakiTxis ganzogadebis fundamenti unda gaxdes, gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis
Rirsia. informaciis praqtikulad gamoyeneba anu samomxmareblo funqciis miniWeba,
misi pragmatuloba swored am ukanasknelzea damokidebuli. masmediisTvis
upirvelesia informaciis misawvdomoba, anu ramdenad realuria misi mopoveba,
gadamuSaveba da droulad miwodeba sasurveli subieqtisaTvis. informaciis Rirebuleba
SinaarsTan erTad droiT intervalebzea damokidebuli, anu informaciis warmoqmnidan
ra droa gasuli. misi droulad miwodeba niSnavs am informaciis miRebas drois raRac
monakveTSi, romlis Semdegac misma gamoyenebam sasargeblos nacvlad saziano
Sedegic ki SeiZleba moitanos. adamianis genetikuri kodis Camoyalibeba, romelic mis
erovnul kuTvnilebasac gansazRvravs, informaciuli mo- 7 8 nacemebis sinTezuri
kavSiris Sedegad iZens struqturul mTlianobas da qvecnobierad uzrunvelyofs
individis cnobierebas. am mxriv adamianuri kodi Seicavs winaswarmetyvelur
informacias ama Tu im personis Sesaxeb. sazogadoebas materialur
moTxovnilebebTan erTad aucileblad uCndeba sainformacio wyurvili, romlis
dakmayofilebac masmediuri saSualebebis umTavresi mizania. kerZod, masmediam
sazogadoebis ara mxolod informaciuli uzrunvelyofa unda moaxerxos, aramed
interesTa gaTvaliswinebiT misi regulirebac unda SeZlos. informacia sazogadoebas
aniWebs obieqturi gansjis unars. am ukanasknelis gareSe nebismieri azri ver SeiZens
damajereblobasa da romelime samTavrobo Tu politikur gadawyvetilebaze
zemoqmedebis Zalas. is socialuri jgufi, romelic ufro mravalricxovania, Sesabamisad
met informaciasa da sainformacio saSualebebs flobs, riTac udides gavlenas axdens
sazogadoebriv cnobierebaze. masmedia da misi saSualebebi informaciuli masalis
mopovebis meti upiratesobisa gamo:  umniSvnelovanes dialeqtur funqcias
asruleben sazogadoebaSi;  sTavazoben sazogadoebas, samTavrobo da politikur
struqturebs sxvadasxva rekomendaciebs sakiTxTa marTebulad gadaWrisaTvis. amiT
isini erTgvar konsultacias uweven zemoT CamoTvlil mxareebs;  qmnian regulirebad
garemos mxareTa Soris konsensusis misaRwevad;  iZenen zedamxedvelur funqcias
mxareTa interesebis dasacavad;  iyeneben dacviT meqanizmebs subieqtTa interesis
gaTvaliswinebiT. 7 9 masmediis mier mopovebulma informaciam unda imoqmedos
sazogadoebis cnobierebaze, amisaTvis ki saWiroa masSi maqsimalurad gaizardos
iseTi faqtebisa da daskvnebis moculoba, romelic logikurad daarwmunebs mkiTxvels
da uzrunvelyofs masSi efeqtianobis maRal xarisxs. amisaTvis ki aucilebelia
sainformacio masalaSi arsebuli argumentebis maRali rwmuneba, rac maTSi aSkarad
gazrdis damajereblobis xarisxs, rac ufro metadaa argumenti WeSmaritebiT
motivirebuli, miT ufro gaiolebulia sasurveli Sedegis miReba. faqti, romelic
masmediis warmomadgenlis mieraa mopovebuli, udavo argumentaciiT unda iyos
gajerebuli. rac ufro metia utyuari faqtebis raodenoba, miT metia darwmuneba, es
ukanaskneli ki farTod uxsnis gzas adamianis gonebas “masmediisaTvis sasurveli”
daskvnis gamosatanad. Jurnalistis mTeli ostatoba da xelovneba ZiriTadad
zemoxsenebuli masalebis emociur SeferilobaSi unda daixarjos. arsebiTad maszea
“damokidebuli” sazogadoebis ganwyoba, misi msoflmxedvelobis adekvaturoba
sainformacio masalaSi mowodebuli azrebisadmi. aucilebelia sazogadoebrivi azri
argumentirebulad Seezardos misTvis masmediis mier miwodebul Setyobinebas.
yovelive zemoCamoTvlilTan erTad gansakuTrebulad STambeWdavi unda iyos im
pirvelwyaros avtoritetuloba, saidanac “aRmocenda” mowodebuli masala, radganac
am erT mTlian samoqmedo procesSi swored isaa upirvelesi da sando megzuri.
 Tavi 4
mWevrmetyveleba da masmedia
Tu metyveleba bunebisagan boZebuli uZvirfasesi saunjea, maSin
mWevrmetyveleba _ adamianuri SesaZleblobis WeSmaritad fasdaudebeli saganZuria.
oratoroba umaRlesi formaa komunikabelurobisa, romelic adamianis gaciskrovnebuli
gonebisa da Sinagani srulyofilebis umaRlesi safexuria. amave dros metyvelebis
warmmarTveli neba aucileblad unda iyos azris gamoxatvis lakonurobisaken
mimarTuli. mWevrmetyvelebas ar evaleba “SecodebaTa gamarTleba da arc codvebis
miteveba, arc adamianTa sindisis gaspetakeba” _ misi erTaderTi mizani simarTlis
aRsrulebisaTvis xelSewyobaa. metyvelebas gonieri gamoyeneba sWirdeba, xolo mis
umaRles formas _ mWevrmetyvelebas, gansakuTrebuli. ritorobisas fexqveS
yovelTvis unda vgrZnobdeT im myar niadags, romelic agvaSorebs gadaWarbebul
enamzeobas da imavdroulad gvixsnis gaugebari oqopirobisagan. zomiereba
mWevrmetyvelebis simyarisa da simkvidris safuZvelia. azris sicocxlis xangrZlovoba,
bevr sxva ramesTan erTad, swored am ukanasknelzecaa damokidebuli. gonivruli
gansja mWevrmetyvelebas “aiZulebs” mudmivi yuradRebiT “ganimsWvalos
faqtebisadmi, raTa maqsimalurad moTokos warmosaxva _ cdunebisa da Secdomebis
maradiuli saTave”. azrovnebis Zala, romelic “mudmivad gabatonebulia”
mWevrmetyvelebaze TavisTavad warmoadgens im gamawonasworebel berkets,
romelic uzrunvelyofs gonisa da metyvelebis dialeqtikas. mWevrmetyveleba
mowodebulia 8 1 ara mxolod “moCvenebiTi” ritorobisaTvis, aramed
brZnuladubnobisaTvis. oqopirobis universaluri Zala gvaSorebs uferul, uRimRamo da
Sinagani vnebisagan daclil frazaTa grZel, usasrulo rigs. igi mTeli arsebiT Tanaziars
gvxdis im procesebisas, romelsac “grZneuli mTxrobeli” ase xatovnad gadmogvcems.
radgan adamiani uTuod fiqrisTvis aris Seqmnili, mWevrmetveleba sxva araferia Tu
ara am nafiqralis xmamaRla, lamazad, brZnulad da emociurad gamoxatva.
polemikisaTvis saWiro proporciebi, romelsac Tavad oratori adgens, uzrunvelyofs
azris zustad gamoTqmis SesaZleblobas. man maqsimalurad unda SeZlos ara mxolod
azris miwodeba TanamosaubreTaTvis, aramed daamyaros ndoba massa da auditorias
Soris, sworad da marTebulad aRiqvas reaqcia, romelic meore mxridan modis da
Sesabamisad warmarTos igi. Tu oratori metyvelebis monologiur formas mimarTavs,
man mTavari azris, saTqmelis mudmivad win wamoweviT, aqcentirebiT unda
isaubros, raTa mWevrmetyvelebis mSvenierebam Tavad ar gaitacos. obieqti,
romliskenac mimarTulia Zala oratorobisa, mudmivad xazgasmuli da wina planze
unda iyos. mWevrmetyveleba sinamdvilis, SesaZlebelis sityvieri asaxva da
maxvilgonieri gansjaa. igi ganWvretiT xedvaa WeSmaritebis mikvlevisa da
damkvidrebisaTvis . SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ritoroba adamianis gonebis siamayea.
sicxade da garkveuloba aris is ori mTavari ram, rasac igi emsaxureba. azris
siRrmiseuli Sreebis “zedapirze amotana” da xelmisawvdomoba sityvas aniWebs
universalur bunebas. sityvis agebis struqtura uSualo kavSirSia logikur
azrovnebasTan. metyvelebis poeturi, asociaciuri da simboluri stili zemoaRniSnulis
samS- 8 2 venisia da masTan erTad adgens sakiTxis faseulobas. arc ideebis
originaluri variaciebiT gadmocemaa ucxo mWevrmetyvelebisTvis, vinaidan igi
nebismier formas iyenebs WeSmariti azris gamosaxatavad. ritori aaqtiurebs da
aaSkaravebs imas, rac CvenSi Turme “idumalad cxovrobda”. azris wvdomis
xelovneba fsiqoanalizis elementebiTaa gajerebuli da “siRrmis fsiqologiaze”
dayrdnobiT, TiTqosda saeWvo SesaZleblobebs, savsebiT realistur saxes aniWebs.
Txzvis gansakuTrebuli unari orators saSualebas aZlevs aCvenos dasmuli,
gadmosacemi sakiTxis rogorc zedapiruli, aseve siRrmiseuli mxare. nebismieri faqtis
Tu gulisSemZvreli simarTlis fiqsirebisas igi “Tvals uxels” sasmenelmopyrobilT, rac
stimuls aZlevs mas msjelobis ganviTarebisas. oratori auditoriis fiqrTa Tanaziaria,
TiToeuli msmeneli “misi prozis” personaJia, rac gamoricxavs maT Soris
emociagamoclil urTierTobas, ris gamoc aq arasdros wydeba “saqmiani urTierToba”.
sakiTxebisadmi obieqturi midgoma mWevrmetyvelebis niSandoblivi Tvisebaa.
sityva, romliTac gadmoicema nebismieri azri, Tavadaa unikaluri da umSvenieresi
movlena, romlis gareSe kacobrioba verasdros SeigrZnobda im mSvenierebiT tkbobas,
romelic swori da harmoniuli bgeriTi kavSiris Sedegad miiReba. oratoris xelSi sityva
saSualebacaa da mizanic, vnebaTa feierverkic da evfoniuri Trobac. sityvis arsSi
damaluli Zala, mWevrmetyvelobisas iZens gansakuTrebul saazrovno Tvisebebs,
oratoris intonacia, tempi da ritmi is mgrZnobiare muxtia, romelic axleburad
aRgvaqmevinebs mravaljer gancdilsa Tu gaazrebuls . 8 3 mWevrmetyveleba
diskusiuri azrovnebis saukeTeso saSualebaa, romelic yvelgan upirispirdeboda
Sablonsa da erTferovnebas, dune da daumuxtavi frazebis dausrulebel monac vleobas.
mWevrmetyv eleba frazaSi debs iseT intims, romelic saocrad aadvilebs komunikacias
msmenelTan da xdis mas TxrobasTan mijaWvuls. mWevrmetyvelma
mtkicebulebebTan erTad udidesi yuradReba unda miaqcios sityvaTa ganlagebas,
frazis konstruqcias, raTa igi advili warmosaTqmeli iyos. rig SemTxvevaSi mokle,
sxarti frazebis monacvleoba rTul sintaqsur konstruqciasTan sasiamovno Sedegs
iZleva, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac yovelive amas Tan erTvis oratorisaTvis
sasurveli tembriT aqcentirebuli ritmi Tu intonacia, radganac swored es ukanasknelni
qmnian Sesabamis ganwyobas msmenelSi. rafinirebuli metyveleba am
komponentebis sworad, droulad da marTebulad gamoyenebazea damokidebuli.
oratoris sityvas aucileblad moeTxoveba sityvaTa Sexamebis umaRlesi harmonia.
swored am faqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT Seiqmna mWevrmetyvelebis iseTi brwyinvale
nimuSebi qarTuli hagiografiisa, rogoricaa: iakob xucesis “SuSanikis wameba”, giorgi
merCulis “grigol xanZTelis cxovreba”, ioane sabanis Zis “abo Tbileli”. masve
efuZneba kolxi oratorebis _ fartazisa da aietis, grigol mTawmindelis, ioane bolonelis,
giorgi mciris, arsen beris, sulxan-saba orbelianis mWevrmetyveluri Semoqmedeba.
metyvelebisas yvelaze TvalSisacem efeqts intonaciis sworad da droulad gamoyenebis
xerxi gvaZlevs. am ukanasknels ki ver daiqvemdebareb Tu enis evfoniis yvela mxares
ar icnob. mxolod sruli Secnoba enobrivi surnelisa uzrunvelyofs intonaciis
didostaturad gamoyenebas. 8 4 mWevrmetyvelebisas azri daubrkolebriv unda
iRvrebodes msmenelis gonebaSi da rac ufro meti dabrkoleba xvdeba mas am gzaze,
miT ufro metia danakargi sasurveli informaciis sworad da droulad gadace misa .
yalbia warmodgena imis Taobaze, rom oratoris warmatebas mxolod xmis maRali
registri gansazRvravs. metyveleba maSinaa “momajadovebeli” Tu igi Cvens smeniT
organoebSi xan gansakuTrebuli silboTi “Semoi pareba” da xanac gansakuTrebuli
moqnilobiT. sasurveli iqneba Tu wina fraza, momdevnos Seamzadebs rogorc bmuli,
uwyveti SinaarsiT, aseve intonaciuri uzrunvelyofiTac. sityvis eqspresiuloba ritoris
Sinagani energiis gancxadebaa, romelic Zalumad SeigrZnoba calkeuli frazis
Camosxmisas. sityva ki ar dominantobs azrze, aramed, piriqiT, azrs ufro gasagebsa
da misaRebs xdis. marTalia, msjeloba Sinaarsidan gamomdinare logikis safuZvelze
viTardeba, magram gza, romelic WeSmaritebamde migviyvans uTuod gaivlis
sityvieri wrTobis quras, ris Sedegadac azri exveva iseT mWevrmetyvelur samosSi,
romelic uzrunvelyofs mis STamamgoneblur mxaresa da xasiaTs. sworad formirebuli
azri didadaa damokidebuli enis siRrmiseul potenciaze, sityvis Sinagan muxtze.
masmediuri mWevrmetyveleba ufro metad SemecnebiT suliskveTebaze unda iyos
orientirebuli da ara mxolod pirovnuli emociebis gadmocemaze, Tumca am
ukanasknels sruli ufleba aqvs kuTvnili adgili daiWiros nebismier metyvelebiT
konstruqciaSi. mWevrmetyvelebis floba JurnalistisaTvis usaCinoesi prioritetia. igi
arsebiTi aqsesuaria, romelic mudmivad atarebs “Trobis” elementebs, romelTa 8 5
saSualebiTac masmedia advilad aRwevs zemoqmedebas sazogadoebaze . oratoruli
xelov n eba sWirdeba TviT yvelaze did simarTlesac ki, romlis gadmocemasac
Jurnalisti apirebs, radganac sityvaSi igi uzrunvelyofs sakiTxTa iseT ganlagebas,
romelic garantiaa azris mkiTxvelamde srulad da sisavsiT mitanisa. “intonacia”,
romelsac Jurnalisti iyenebs, uadvilebs mas adamianebSi qvecnobierad warmoSvas
protestis an sibralulis grZnoba. igi maqsimalurad amzadebs sazogadoebas misTvis
misaRebi azris “asaTviseblad”. oratorul xelovnebaSi arsebiTia azris swori ganlageba,
sadac mWevrmetyvels garkveul wilad SeuZlia Sesabamisi proporciiT “moiSvelios”
fantaziis elementebi, romlebic ar Secvlian saTqmelis mTavar Sinaarss da Tanac
daexmarebian msmenelT aRsaqmeli azris sworad da marTebulad gagebaSi.
“mozomili fantazia” masmediuri kvlevisaTvis is mxatvruli aqsesuaria, romelic mas
mSvenierebasa da mimzidvelobas mianiWebs. swored igi awesrigebs Suq-CrdilTa
ganlagebas Jurnalistur monologSi da saboloo Sedegebze orientirebulad amzadebs
rogorc orators, aseve sazogadoebas, romelic moxiblulia oqopiris (Jurnalistis)
metyvelebis sisavsiTa da daxvewilobiT. obieqturi WeSmaritebis piruTvneli
gadmocema Jurnalisturi moRvaweobis qvakuTxedia, amitomac warmoadgens igi
masmediis yuradRebis sagans mTeli moRvaweobis manZilze. WeSmaritebisadmi
erTguleba aris is winapiroba, uromlisodac nebismieri Jurnalisturi zednaSeni mxolod
da mxolod individualuri msoflmxedvelobis usargeblo varjiSia. Jurnalistis 8 6
umaRlesi goniTi SesaZleblobebi WeSmaritebis aRwerisas vlindeba. Jurnalistma
mTavari azri maqsimalurad unda daazRvios araswori interpretaciebisagan. swored
amaSi vlindeba misi gonebis sazrianoba da pasuxismgebloba. mWevrmetyveleba
xelovnebaa, imnairad metyvelebis xelovneba, rodesac msmenelni ara marto
Zaldautaneblad, aramed, cnobiswadiliT aRZrulni, siamovnebiTac gvismenen, raTa
ufro Rrmad Caswvdnen sityvis Sinaarss. “maSasadame, mWevrmetyveleba sxva ara
aris ra, Tu ara mwyobri, “mijriT miwyobili” harmoniuli Sesityveba, sadac vcdilobT,
erTis mxriv, Cveni msmenelebis gulisa da gonebis “motacebas”, xolo, meores mxriv,
sakuTari azris sazogadoebamde maqsimalurad mitanas. mWevrmetyvelebisas
aucilebelia SeZlebisdagvarad SevinarCunoT sisadave da bunebrioba. “nu
gavazviadebT umniSvnelos, nu davakninebT mniSvnelovans. sakmarisi ar aris
martooden formis daxvewiloba; is zedmiwevniT unda Seesatyvisebodes Sinaarss: arc
ram meti da arc ram naklebi, mxolod da mxolod aucilebeli.” [b. paskali, “azrebi”. Tb.,
1981, gv. 191-192] mWevrmetyveleba JurnalistisaTvis is “bangia”, romliTac igi
Tavis Zlevamosilebas avrcelebs nebismier sferoze. igi adamianTa darwmunebis,
WeSmaritebis dadgenis uebari wamalia, romlis efeqturi gamoyeneba pirdapiri
garantiaa sasurvelis misaRwevad. swored oratoruli xelovnebiT waxalisebuli adamiani
cdilobs maqsimalurad Caswvdes monaTxrobis siRrmes da suliT xorcamde
gaisigrZeganos igi. amitom “Tu gsurT amaod ar idavoT da daumtkicoT Tqvens
Tanamosaubres, rom cdeba, uwinares yovlisa, unda gaarkvioT, ra mxriv 8 7
ganixilavs is davis sagans, radgan am mxriv is, Cveulebriv, sworad xedavs. aRiareT
misi simarTle, magram imwamsve daumtkiceT, rom Tu sxva mxriv SexedavT
sagans, misi Tvalsazrisi mcdari aRmoCndeba. Tanamosaubre uyoymanod
dageTanxmebaT: mTavaria daijeros, rom ki ar Semcdara, aramed mxolod raRac
gamorCa xedvis aredan. radgan adamianebs maSin ki ar mosdiT guli, roca yvelafers
ver xedaven, aramed maSin, roca cdebian. SesaZloa es imiT aixsneba, rom adamians,
Tavisi bunebiT, ar SeuZlia erTbaSad aRiqvas da yovelmxriv gaiziaros sagani;
magram Tu aRiqvams (sul erTia ra mxriv aRiqvams), yovelTvis sworad aRiqvams
mas, radgan aRqmis yoveli monacemi, grZnobis yoveli mowmoba misTvis
eWvmiutanelia.” [b. paskali, “azrebi”. Tb., 1981, gv. 191] “adamians, Cveulebriv, is
azri ufro arwmunebs, romelic mas mosdis TavSi, vidre is, romelic sxvis TavSi
ibadeba.” “roca gulwrfel sityvas vismenT, an marTal moTxrobas vkiTxulobT, mTeli
sicxadiT rom gvixatavs ama Tu im vnebas an mis Sedegs, Cvensave TavSi vpoulobT
monaTxrobis sizustisa da WeSmaritebis dasturs, Tumca aqamde verc
warmovidgendiT, rom es WeSmariteba nawilia Cveni sulisa, da, amrigad, siyvaruliT
vimsWvalebiT mis mimarT, vinc Cvens TavSi aRmogvaCenina igi; radgan amiT
marto Tavisi sikeTe ki ar gagvimJRavna, aramed gagvixsna Cveni dafaruli saunjis
karic. diax, Cven siyvaruliT vimsWvalebiT mis mimarT, jer erTi imitom, rom
fasdaudebeli samsaxuri gagviwia da, meorec, imitom, rom amnairi urTierTgageba
yovelTvis sasiyvarulod ganawyobs guls. [b. paskali, “azrebi”. Tb., 1981, gv. 191]
nimuSi imisa Tu ra magiur Zalas flobs mWevrmetyveleba xelSesaxebad Cans
uZvelesi qarTuli oratorebis _ aietisa da fartazis sityvebSi, romlebic warmoTqves
kolxTa did Sekrebaze. Sekrebis mizani ki mxolod erTaderTi iyo _ arsebuli, realuri
mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT kolxTa saxelmwifo politikis gansazRvra. aietisa da
fartazis sityvebi motanilia naSromis qrestomaTiul nawilSi. mWevrmetyveluri azris
kvintesencia * * * sinaTle _ sityvis Rirsebaa. aristotele. * * * oratoris udidesi
Rirsebaa ara marto Tqma imisa, rac saWiroa, aramed uTqmelobac imisa, rac saWiro
araa. markus tulius ciceroni. * * * oratoruli xelovneba warmoudgenelia, Tu oratori
araa dauflebuli sagans, razedac laparaki surs. markus tulius ciceroni. * * * baqioba _
sisustis pirveli niSania. vinc didi saqmeebisTvisaa mowodebuli, enas kbils daaWers.
markus tulius ciceroni. * * * mokled naTqvami Zlieri azrebi didad gvexmarebian
cxovrebis gaumjobesebaSi. markus tulius ciceroni. * * * oratoris mTavari xelovneba
isaa, rom veravin SeamCnios misi xelovnuroba. kvintiliane. 9 0 * * * saukeTeso
sityva isaa, romelic TavisTavad modis; mas TiTqos TviT WeSmariteba gvkarnaxobs.
kvintiliane. * * * oratorul xelovnebaSi Znelia ara bevris Tqma, aramed cotas Tqma.
vinkelmani. * * * roca kargad laparakob, arasodes bevrs ar laparakob. reniari. * * *
yovelgvari sityva ubadruki da carielia, Tu saqme ar mohyva. demosTene. * * * vinc
bevrs laparakobs, winare naTqvams auqmebs. bexeri. * * * oratori miT ufro iolad
daarwmunebs msmenels, ramdenadac ufro darwmunebulia TviTon, Tavisi naTqvamis
simarTleSi. svifti. * * * sityva ar gagimravldeba, Tu ambob imas, risi Tqmac ginda.
delakrua. 9 1 * * * ra lamazadac ar unda ilaparakos adamianma, Tu is bevrs
laparakobs, bolos mainc sisuleles ityvis. diuma (mama). * * * ar arsebobs azri, romlis
gamoTqmac ar SeiZlebodes ubralod da naTlad. gerceni. * * * sityva azrs gamoxatavs:
Tu azri gaurkvevelia, sityvac bundovania. belinski. * * * mSvenieri azri kargavs
mTels Tavis Rirebulebas, Tu uxeirodaa gamoTqmuli, xolo Tu meordeba, Tavs
gvabezrebs. volteri. * * * swrafad laparaki ra bedenaa, ilaparake mofiqrebulad.
Tomas mori. * * * oratori patiosani adamiani unda iyos. mas ara aqvs neba ivaWros
Tavisi mWevrmetvelebiT. r amusi. * * * ar SeiZleba imisi qadageba, rasac TviTon
uaryof. gorki. 9 2 * * * mWevrmetyveleba azris mxatvrobaa; xolo roca daxatuls
kvlav xataven, portrets ki ara, Wyetela suraTs qmnian. blez paskali. * * *
mWevrmetyveleba _ arsebiTi sasiamovnos unda erwymodes, magram sasiamovno
mxolod WeSmaritSi unda veZeboT. hesiode. * * * maxvilsityvaoba cudi xasiaTis
niSania. hesiode. * * * arasodes daikargeba sityva, romelsac xalxSi mravalni
imeoreben. hesiode. * * * ganrisxebulma kacma arc unda ilaparakos, arc unda
imoqmedos. piTagore samoseli. * * * dumils nu daarRvev, an Tqvi rame, dumils rom
sjobdes. piTagore samoseli. * * * saubari ise unda warimarTebodes, rom orive
mxarem meti codna miiRos da sasargeblo ram SeiZinos. heraklite efeoseli. 9 3 * * *
gana bevris Tqma da bevri laparaki erTia? perikle. * * * visTanac sityva uqmia,
masTan joxiTac veras gaxdebi. sokrate. * * * laparaki daiwye or SemTxvevaSi: roca
Seni sityvis sagani kargad gaqvs mofiqrebuli, an roca raimes Tqma aucilebelia;
mxolod am or SemTxvevaSia metyveleba dumilze ukeTesi, sxva SemTxvevaSi ki
jobs gaCumde, vidre ilaparako. sokrate. * * * mokle Wkuas grZeli ena aqvs.
demokrite. * * * sityvaze Zlieri araferia. menandre. * * * moufiqreblad gadmosrolili
sityva da natyorcni qva erTia: ver SeaCereb. menandre. * * * eride davas
molaybeebTan. katon ufrosi. 9 4 * * * usafuZvlo metyvelebas sjobs dumili gonivruli:
is mizezi ver gaxdeba safrTxisa da dacinvisa, verc sababi braldebisa, sinanulis da
ficisa. kasi. * * * citatebi mxolod maSin unda gamoiyenoT, roca sxvisi avtoriteti
namdvilad aucilebelia. arTur Sopenhaueri. * * * dabneulad laparaki yvelas SeuZlia,
dalagebulad laparaki _ cotas. G galileo galilei. * * * “grZeli sityva iseve ver wawevs
win saqmes, rogorc grZeli samoseli ver wagvadgeba siarulSi”. Sarl moris taleirani
(1754-1838) _ frangi di plomati. * * * “waarTvi xalxs yvelaferi da is yvelafers
daibrunebs, magram Tu ena waarTviT, mas veRarasodes Seqmnis. mokvda ena da
mokvda xalxic”. konstantine uSinski (1824-1872) _ rusi pedagogi