A DETAILED LESSON PLAN

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the period, the pupils will be able to:
a. Find the LCM using Prime Factorization Method.
b. Understand factors, prime numbers and composite numbers.
c. Execute LCM using Prime Factorization Method.
II. SUBJECT MATTER
Topic: Finding the Least Common Multiple using Prime Factorization
Method
Reference:
Materials:
III. PROCEDURE
Teacher’s Activity Pupil’s Activity
A. Preliminary Activities
1. Prayer
Kindly stand for our prayer.
May I call ______ to lead the Heavenly Father thank you for this
prayer. day, we ask for your forgiveness for
every sin we made against you. We
ask for your guidance on us today.
Amen.

2. Greetings Good morning ma’am,

Good morning class? Good morning classmates.

Thank you, ma’am.

You may now take your seats.

3. Checking of Attendance There is no absent for today ma’am.

Who are absent for today?

Okay, very good!

4. Review
Before we proceed with our next
topic, we will have first a short review
about the topic we discussed
yesterday.
So, who among you here still Our topic yesterday is about Least
remember our topic yesterday? Common Multiple using listing
method.

Very good.

In finding the least common multiple

using listing method, we should 2 steps ma’am.
follow how many steps?

Very good, we should follow the 2

steps, and those are;

Step 1 – You need to list the

multiples of each number.
Step 2 – You will now find the first
common multiple of the numbers.

For example, find the LCM of 8 and

16. 8, 16, 24

The multiples of 8 are?

Very good, the multiples of 8 are 8,
16, 24. 16, 32, 48

And what about 16?

Very good, the multiples of 16 are 16,
32, 48.

Thus, the Least Common Multiples of

8 and 16 is 16.
None ma’am.
Is there any clarification regarding
the topic we had yesterday?

B. Lesson Proper
Now, we will proceed with our next
topic. Yes ma’am.
Yesterday, we discussed about
Least Common Multiple using Listing
method, right?
And now we will find Least Common
Multiple using Prime Factorization
Method.
But, before we begin on how to find
the LCM of two or more numbers, we
will understand first what are the
Factors, Prime Numbers and
Composite Numbers.

When we say Factors, these are

numbers that we can multiply
together to get another number. Numbers that we can multiply
together to get another number.
When we say Factors, what is it
again?

For example.

5 x 3 = 15

The factors => 5 and 3

Another example.
4 and 6.
4 x 6 = 24

What are the factors to these?

Very good!
The factors are 4 and 6.

So, it means when we say Factors

these are the two or more numbers
that when we multiply we can get the
Product.

Next, the Prime Numbers, it has only It has only 2 factors. 1 and the
2 factors (1 and the number itself) number itself.

When we say Prime Factors, what is

it again?

For example.
List down the prime numbers less
than 20.
So, let’s have the counting numbers
from 1 to 20.
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

So, what are the prime numbers that

are less than 20?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

So, we have 2 3 5 7 11 13 17 and 19.

How can we say that these are Prime

Numbers?

For example, we have 2.

What are the factors of 2?
 2 and 1
So, it means 2 has only 2 factors. 1
and the number itself.

2x1=2 11 x 1 = 11
3x1=3 13 x 1 = 13
5x1=5 17 x 1 = 17
7x1=7 19 x 1 = 19

The same on 3 5 7 11 13 17 and 19.

They only have 2 factors, 1 and the
number itself.

Next, the Composite Numbers, it has

3 or more factors.

Let’s have an example.

What are the composite numbers
from 1 to 20?
So, again let’s have the counting
numbers from 1 to 20.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

So, what are the composite numbers

here?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

We have 4 6 8 10 12 14 15 16 18 and
20.

How can we say that these are

composite numbers?

For example, we have 4.

What are the factors of 4?
 1,2, and 4
So, it means 4 is a composite number
because it has 3 factors.

Another example, we have 6.

What are the factors of 6?
 1, 2, 3, and 6
So, 6 is a composite number because
it has more than two factors.

4 = 1,2,4 12 = 1,2,3,4,6,12
6 = 1,2,3,6 14 = 1,2,7,14
8 = 1,2,4,8 15 = 1,3,5,15
10 = 1,2,5,10 16 = 1,2,4,8,16
18 = 1,2,3,6,9,18
20 = 1,2,4,5,10,20

The same on numbers 8 10 12 14 15

16 18 and 20.
They have more than two factors Yes ma’am!
that’s why they are called composite
numbers.

So, how about 1?

1 is either a prime number nor a
composite number. So it’s not a
prime or a composite number.

Are all clear class?

Now that we understand the meaning

of factors, prime numbers and
composite numbers, let’s proceed on
how to find the LCM or the Least
Common Multiple using Prime
Factorization Method.
What is a Prime Factorization
Method?
 This is breaking a number
down into the set of prime
numbers which multiply
together to result in the
original number.

For example.

1. What are the prime factors of 42?

So, let’s have 42.
Using Prime Factorization Method
were going to think 2 factors of 42.

What are the factors of 42?

21 x 2 = 42
14 x 3 = 42
7 x 6 = 42

Okay, let us use 7 x 6.

42

7 6

3 2

42 = 2 x 3 x 7
Prime Factors: 2, 3, 7

2. What are the prime factors of 36?

36

2 18

3 6

2 3
 36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
36 = 2² x 3²
Prime Factors: 2,3

Let’s proceed.
Using Prime Factorization Method;

• Find the LCM of 16 and 24.

16 24

8 2 8 3

2 4 2 4

2 2 2 2

16 = 2 x 2x 2 x 2
24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3

Find the LCM of 16 and 24. So first

thing to do is to compare both
factors.
Let us now compare the prime factors
of 16 and 24. Lets see if there is
common factor. And if there is
common factor we can count it as
one.
Yes ma’am!
16 = 2 x 2x 2 x 2
24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3

2 2 2
This is breaking a number down into
the set of prime numbers which
In order to get the LCM, we need to multiply together to result in the
multiply; original number.
LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
LCM = 48

Therefore: The LCM of 16 and 24 is

48. 2 factors.

Questions? Is it clear?
Do you understand the discussion?
Okay, if that’s so. I will be the one to
ask questions.

What is Prime Factorization Method?

Very good! Yes ma’am!

Using Prime Factorization Method
were going to think of how many
factors?

Very good!

C. Application
Now, we’ll have an activity. I will
divide you into two groups and you
will answer the given task provided.
And after, assign at least two persons
from your group to present your (the groups start their work)
work. Make sure that your presenter
will explain how did you come up
with your answer. Is it clear?
Okay, go to your group and I’ll give
your task.
Group 1.
For group 1. 1. Find the LCM of 45 and 60.
1. Find the LCM of 45 and 60.

For group 2. 45 60
2. Find the LCM of 12 and 16.
5 9 6 10
I’ll give you 3 minutes to finish your
work and 2 minutes for your 3 3 2 32 5
presentation.
- The factors of 45 are 5 and 9,
You may now start. where 5 is already a prime
number and 9 is not so we
-------------after 3 minutes---------- break it into 3 x 3 and both 3
of the factors of 9 are now a
Okay, your time is up! prime number.
- The factors of 60 are 6 and 10
Group 1, present your work. where they are both a
composite number. So, we
 break factor 6 into 2 x 3 and
it’s already a prime number.
Next, we break factor 10 into 2
x 5 and it’s already a prime
number. So, that’s it.

45 = 3 x 3 x 5
60 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5

- To find the LCM, first thing to

do is to compare both factors.
And if there’s a common factor
we count it as one.

- We come up with:
LCM = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 5
Therefore: LCM = 180

Group 2.
2. Find the LCM of 12 and 16.

First, find the factors of 12 and 16.

12 16

2 6 4 4

2 3 2 22 2

- We use 2 x 6 as factors of 12
were 2 is already a prime so
Very good Group 1! that’s it and 6 is not yet, so, we
break 6 into 2 x 3 so that it
Let’s proceed with Group 2. becomes a prime number.
- We use 4 x 4 as factors of 16
were we break both factors 4
into 2 x 2 to become a prime
number.

12 = 2 x 2 x 3
16 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2

- So, to find the LCM, first thing

 to do is to compare both
factors. And if there’s a
common factor we count it as
one.
- And we come up with:
LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
Thus: LCM = 48

None ma’am.

Well done Group 2.

Good job class! You did your very
best I know.

Any questions? Clarifications?

Okay, then, let’s proceed.

VI. EVALUATION
Okay, now we’ll have a quiz. Get your
paper and answer the following.

Direction: Answer the following: Yes ma’am.

(the pupils pass their papers)
1. In a sentence, explain how to find
the LCM using Prime Factorization
Method.

2. Find the LCM of 8 and 12.

I’ll give you 5 minutes to finish

answering.

-------------after 5 minutes----------

Are you done?

Okay, pass your papers in front.
I’ll give back your papers tomorrow
after I check it for you to know your
scores. Goodbye ma’am,
Goodbye classmates.
V. ASSIGNMENT
For your assignment, try to make
your own factors and do the LCM
using Prime Factorization Method.
Just like what we did today. And
we’re going to check your work
tomorrow.

So, that ends our lesson for today.

You may now stand.

Goodbye class?

You may now go!