Course Code: EEE 1204

Course Title: Electronics Lab II

Experiment No: 04
Experiment Name: Design And Study Of An Astable Multi-Vibrator Circuit Using 741
Op-Amp For A Frequency Of Oscillation Of 10 KHz.
Submitted To: Md. Shahjalal
Submitted By: Fardin Chowdhury
ID: 221016014
Group: 5

OBJECTIVE: To Design and Study of an Astable Multi-vibrator circuit using 741 op-amp
for a frequency of oscillation of 10 KHz.

THEORY: Astable Multivibrators are the most commonly used type of relaxation oscillator
because not only are they simple, reliable and ease of construction they also produce a
constant square wave output waveform. Unlike the Monostable Multivibrator or the Bistable
Multivibrator, the Astable Multivibrator has automatic built in triggering which switches it
continuously between its two unstable states both set and reset.
The Astable Multivibrator is another type of cross-coupled transistor switching circuit that
has NO stable output states as it changes from one state to the other all the time. The
astable circuit consists of two switching transistors, a cross-coupled feedback network,
and two times delay capacitors which allow oscillation between the two states with no
external triggering to produce the change in state.
In electronic circuits Astable multivibrators are also known as Free-running Multivibrator as
they do not require any additional inputs or external assistance to oscillate. Astable
oscillators produce a continuous square wave from its output or outputs, (two outputs no
inputs) which can then be used to flash lights or produce a sound in a loudspeaker.
APPARATUS:
1. Breadboard
2. IC-741
3. Resistors
4. Capacitor
5. Power Supply
6. Oscilloscope

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
1. Build the circuit as shown in circuit diagram.
2. Calculate R1 for 10KHz output frequency
3. With 12-0-12 VDC power supply, power the Op-Amp.
4. Connect the oscilloscope channel 1 with the output pin 6.
5. Analyses the output data and graph to verify.

CALCULATION:
𝑹𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝒌Ω, 𝑹𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎𝒌Ω, 𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝝁𝑭
𝑹𝟑 𝟏𝟎𝒌
𝜷= = = 𝟎. 𝟓
𝑹𝟑 + 𝑹𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝒌 + 𝟏𝟎𝒌
𝟏
𝑻= = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝒔
𝟏𝟎𝑲𝑯𝒛
𝑻 𝑻
𝝉= =
𝟏+𝜷 𝟏+𝜷
𝟐𝒍𝒏 𝟐𝒍𝒏
𝟏−𝜷 𝟏−𝜷
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏
𝝉= = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟓𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟑𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓
𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟓
𝟐𝒍𝒏
𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟓
𝝉 𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟏. 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝑹𝟏 = = = 𝟒𝟓𝟓. 𝟏𝟏Ω
𝑪 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟕
RESULT:
Output Frequency = 6.219kHz

𝟔. 𝟐𝟎𝟔𝟓𝟕𝒌 − 𝟏𝟎𝒌
𝑬𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓% = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟑𝟕. 𝟗𝟑𝟒𝟑%
𝟏𝟎𝒌
DISCUSSION: In this experiment we had to design and study of an Astable Multi-vibrator
circuit using 741 op-amp for a frequency of oscillation of 10kHz. For that we fixed the
resistance of R2, R3 and capacitor. We calculated the R1 resistance for 10kHz frequency.
Then we build the circuit on a breadboard. After that we power the circuit and observed the
output frequency and data on an oscilloscope. We observed that out output frequency was
6.2kHz but we calculated our feedback resistance for 10kHz. We tried different resistance
value for getting the output frequency of 6.20657kHz, which was unexpected than our
calculated result. We had experimental error of 37.93%.