BICOL COLLEGE

College of Criminal Justice Education

R.F Tabuena cor J.P Rizal Sts.

Sagpon, Daraga, Albay

ASSESSMENT OF THE COMMON CRIMES COMMITTED IN BARANGAY

CABAGÑAN WEST LEGAZPI CITY DURING PANDEMIC

An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to the Faculty

of College of Criminal Justice Education

Bicol College, Daraga, Albay

In partial fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Criminology thru

Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency and Accreditation Program

Triñanes, Jonathan Matthew C,

Letada, Rose Marie G.

Mendoza, Ruth Carnel L.

2021
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title page i

Tables of Contents ii

List of Table iii

List of Figure iv

INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the Research 1

Objectives of the Study 4

Assumption of the study 4

Literature Review 5

Theoretical Framework / Paradigm 12

Research Framework / Paradigm 17

Scope and Delimitation of the Study 18

Significance of the Study 19

Definition of Terms 19

METHODOLOGY

Research Design 20
Research Instrument 20

Data Gathering Procedure 20

Respondents of the study 21

Sampling Design 21

Research Locale / Study Site 22

Data Analysis Plan 23

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1 Respondents of the study 21

 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 Theoretical paradigm 17

2 Research Paradigm 18
INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the Research

Since the COVID-19 epidemic began, the rate of change has never been faster than what we are

seeing now. It had an impact not only on the Philippines but worldwide. People have no choice

but to expand their businesses online. Everything in the world was shifting to the online world.

This kind of change was not easy for all people it has an effect on us. The pandemic had a

devastating economic impact on each country many of our citizens are afraid to go outdoors to

work, and many businesses have been forced to close due to bankruptcy. Pandemic has a

tremendous effect on the country’s economic growth because of pandemic many fears that might

suddenly strike them this kind of disease. The Philippine National Police has a big adjustment for

this kind of situation they are one of those who suffered and sacrificed to protect and keep people

away from the COVID-19. Thus, in this study, the researchers may help the police personnel and

the barangay officials to maintain the security and peace and order to the barangay said. The data

analysis was utilized in the obtained data from Legazpi City Police Office. The findings indicate

that the volume of crime in the city gradually decreases from the time of the pandemic. On the

data obtained, theft recorded is the highest crime volume, followed by robbery and physical

injury.

On the other hand, non-index crime was more prevalent than violations of particular

legislation. When data was collected by gender, the majority of crimes were perpetrated by men.

In terms of age category, the perpetrators were between the ages of 20 and 39. The researchers

conducted a preliminary interview in Brgy. 18 Cabagñan West Legazpi City,The index crime

that was committed includes Theft, Physical injury, and rape. The result of the preliminary
interview found out that the theft has the highest record with 5 cases and followed by the

physical injury with 4 cases 1 record. and the last is the rape with 1 only.  While the Non-index

crime includes the Attempted Murder committed by the husband to his wife, he stabbed her wife

23 times in the part of her body. This report may aid law enforcement and barangay officials to

revise their security plans. In addition, there should be a crime information drive in the

community using a different program to improve awareness and create self-strategies. Index

crime is the crimes that considered quite serious, tend to be reported more reliably than others

and are reported directly to the police. According to the RMP, index crimes refers to types of

crime that occur with sufficient regularity and significance that they collectively serve as a

meaningful index to the overall crime situation (PMDU.,2010). Burglary, theft, vehicle theft and

arson where, burglary is the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or a theft and theft

is defined as the unlawful taking, carrying, leading or riding away property from the possession

or constructive possession of another (FBI.,2004). According to UCR program, vehicle theft or

attempted theft of a motor vehicle where, motor vehicle is self-propelled and runs on land

surface and not on rails. On the other hand, arson is defined as any willful or malicious burning

or attempt to burn with or without intent to defraud, a dwelling house, public building, motor

vehicles or aircrafts and personal property of another, etc. (FBI.,2004). Murder, rape, robbery

and aggravated assault where, murder is the willful (non-negligent) killing of one human being

by another (FBI.,2004). Rape is defined as penetration, no matter how slight of the vagina or

anus with anybody part or object or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person without the

consent of the victim (FBI.,2004). According to UCR program, Robbery is defined as the taking

or attempted taking of anything of value from the care, custody or control of a person or persons

by force or treat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear and aggravated assault
is defined as an unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe

or aggravated bodily injury (FBI.,2004).

The decrease in overall crime rates hides a spike in the incidence of particularly violent crimes,

which will begin in the summer of 2020. Beginning in the summer of 2020, there was a

significant spike in homicides and shootings, but it is unclear if this is due to the pandemic or

other circumstances. In several localities, lockdowns were also lifted around this time. However,

determining what is causing the rise in homicides and shootings is extremely challenging. Drugs

and gangs are involved in a significant number of homicides and shootings in big cities, and

stay-at-home orders or the threat of disease may not dissuade people who are likely to be

involved in these crimes.

Addition to PNP figures, the number of crimes against people has decreased significantly. The

number of cases of physical injury has decreased by 40%, from 8,546 before the lockdowns to

5,111 during the community quarantine. Following that, homicide cases decreased by 26%, from

1,276 prior to the lockdown to 942 during the community quarantine periods. Rape cases also

decreased by 21%, from 7,274 prior to the lockdown to 5,764 during the community quarantine

periods, according to police. Murder cases dropped by 19 percent during the nine-month lockout,

from 4,796 before the lockdown to 3,889 thereafter.

Further to Pietrawska, Aurand, and Palmer (2020a), retail burglary has increased by 64%, while

citywide burglary rates have decreased by 10%. Similarly, Pietrawska, Aurand, and Palmer

(2020b) found a 74% reduction in crimes occurring in restaurants in Chicago over a five-week

period, while overall crime decreased by 35%. They're continuing their investigation of crime

rates in the epidemic, but this time without a retail focus.

Based on R. Edwards, a security specialist, there have been persistent signals across the country

that some crimes have increased as a result of the global pandemic. Violent crimes, including

murder, aggravated assault, and shooting occurrences, have seen the most significant rises.

However to preliminary FBI data for the first six months of 2020, murder and non-negligent

homicide have increased by about 15% over the same period last year. The Council on Criminal

Justice (CCJ) released a report this summer that shows a 53 percent increase in killings in 27

major US cities compared to the previous summer. Between January and June 2020, FBI data

reveals a 4.6 percent increase in aggravated assaults compared to the same period in 2019.

The researchers choose this topic because this area has a recorded common crime during this

pandemic. The researchers want to help the Brgy. officials to maintain public safety and for the

peace of mind of the residents who lived in Brgy. 18 Cabagñan West Legazpi City. To identify

the challenges and problems that Brgy. Officials encountered.

The objective of the study

This study aims to find out the crime committed in Brgy. 18 Cabagñan West Legazpi City at the

time of pandemic. In order to recommend measures to lessen crimes on the said barangay.

Specially, To answer the following question.

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of;

a) Age;

b) Sex;

c) Civil status?

d) Occupation;
 2. To assess the common crimes committed in the Brgy.18 Cabagñan West Legazpi City

at the time of pandemic.

3. To identify the causes and effects of the crime committed in Brgy. 18 Cabagñan West

Legazpi City at the time of pandemic.

4. Recommend the preparation to the Brgy. Officers for the crime committed.

Assumption of Hypothesis

The following are the assumption of the study:

1. The common crimes committed in brgy. 18 Cabagñan West Legazpi City

that researchers were assessed.

2. The cause and effect of the crime committed in brgy. 18 Cabagñan West

Legazpi City were identified.

3. The preparation that recommended to the brgy. Officers in Cabagñan West

Legazpi City

Literature Review

This part of the study shows the review of related of literature that is important while

conducting this kind of study in order to have a better understanding. The researchers gathered

ideas to give them insight about this topic.

Overview of Common Crimes Committed During Pandemic.

Another study of eight large US cities during the first few weeks of the crisis (January to

March 23rd—before some states and areas implemented stay-at-home orders) found disparate

impacts by crime type and location. For example, burglary declined in Austin, Los Angeles,
Memphis, and Scan Francisco, but not in Louisville or Boston. Conversely, serious assaults in

public declined in Austin, Los Angeles, and Louisville, but not other cities. (Ashby 2020)’

The examined burglary in Detroit during three periods, representing data before stay-at-

home orders were in place and two periods under orders (March 10th to March 23rd and March

24th to March 31st). Their findings indicated an overall 32% decline in burglary, with the most

substantial change in the third period. However, the decline was more significant in block groups

of higher residential parcels than in mix-use land areas. (Felson, Jiang, and Xu 2020).

Analyzed crime in Los Angeles in two time periods (the first ending March 16th and the

second ending March 28th) using Bayesian structural time-series models to estimate what crime

would have been if the COVID-19 pandemic had not occurred. Comparing the actual crime data

against the estimated ‘sans-pandemic’ data, the first model found an overall crime reduction of

5.6% during the pandemic. Likewise, the second model (ending March 28th) showed a 15%

reduction. Specifically, researchers found that overall crime rates significantly decreased,

particularly when referencing robbery (−24%), shoplifting (−14%), theft (−21%), and battery

(−11%). However, burglary, domestic violence, stolen vehicles, and homicide remained

statically unchanged. (Campedelli et al. 2020)

Swedish researchers examined crime during the five weeks after government restrictions

on activities began, observing an 8.8% total drop in reported crime despite the country’s

somewhat lax response (when compared to other countries’ policies on restricting the public’s
movement). Specifically, the researchers found residential burglary fell by 23%, commercial

burglary declined 12.7%, and instances of pick-pocketing were reduced by a staggering 61% —

however, there was little change in robberies or narcotics crime. (Gerell, Kardell, and Kindgren

2020)

In Australia, studied crime in March, finding assaults, sexual violations, and domestic

violence were not significantly different from what was predicted under ‘normal’ conditions at

the lower end of the confidence interval. They cautioned against early conclusions based on this

data as the government orders came only a few weeks into the study. (Payne and Morgan 2020)

The Interior Ministry in Moscow, the number of economic crimes has increased by 5.8%

compared to last year’s data. From January to October, the law enforcement has detected

101,700 crimes in this category. Damage inflicted by serious and particularly serious economic

crimes, which account for 62.6% of all economic crimes registered in the reported period.

(Alexander Shcherbak 2021)

Mexico, Intentional homicides are estimates of unlawful homicides purposely inflicted as

a result of domestic disputes, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources,

intergang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups.

Intentional homicide does not include all intentional killing; the difference is usually in the

organization of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas killing

in armed conflict is usually committed by fairly cohesive groups of up to several hundred

members and is thus usually excluded. In 2018 was 29.07, a 13.08% increase from 2017, 2017
was 25.71, a 29.11% increase from 2016, 2016 was 19.91, a 16.87% increase from 2015, 2015

was 17.04, a 2.48% increase from 2014. 3.5% the improvement in Mexico’s level of

peacefulness in 2020 that began prior to the onset of COVID-19. (Vision of Humanity, 2021)

A Ministry of Justice 2020 white paper on crime has shown that Japan’s figure for

reported criminal offenses fell from the previous year by 8.4% to 749,000 cases. Crime statistics

peaked in 2002 at 2.85 million cases, but have fallen continuously for the past 17 years. The

figure this time was the lowest on record since the end of World War II. Thefts accounted for

more than 70% of criminal offenses committed and it is the continued fall in the number of

burglaries and bicycle thefts that has led to the overall drop in crime statistics. Violent crimes, on

the other hand, saw an increase with 950 murders in 2019, up 35 cases from the previous year.

Robberies fell by 276 to 1,511 cases and arsons also decreased by 51 to 840. (Nippon, 2021)

In 2019, the crime rate in Singapore increased by 16.3% to 35,209 reported cases, up

from 32,126 reported incidents in 2018. The increase in the number of crimes is attributed to a

rise in scam-related cases. If scams were excluded, the total number of reported crimes would

have decreased by 4.6% to 25,707 cases in 2019, from 26, 937 in 2018. Four of the six categories

of crime saw sharp declines in 2019 from the previous year. Crimes against persons dropped

12.2%, serious property crimes plummeted 26.2%, housebreaking decreased by 14.9% and theft

dipped 8%. Motor vehicle and related thefts and robbery and snatch theft cases registered a 35-

year low in 2019 with 24.1% and 22.2% declines respectively. Singapore also saw a 5.6%

decrease in “Outrage of Modesty (OM)” (rude/inappropriate behavior) cases in 2019. In 2020,

the number of crimes committed in Singapore for every 100,000 individuals was at 658. This

was a ten-year high, due to the increase in commercial crime cases. (OSAC, 2020)

Nigeria, 2019 had the highest organized crime index in Africa, scoring 7.7 points.

Headquarter of Boko Haram terrorist group, the country faces high levels of crime, violence, and

poor national security, and third in the global terrorism index in 2020, after Afghanistan and Iraq.

In Africa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic followed with

7.29 and 6.86 index points, respectively. The source identified human and arms trafficking as

well as wildlife crimes as particularly widespread on the continent. ( Mariam Saleh, 2021)

Theft and fraud are by far the most common crimes committed in China. In 2018, these

two categories accounted for around 78 percent of all criminal incidents. Theft was also the

crime that decreased most in recent years, while technological options for property protection

and surveillance in general have improved significantly. The number of murders was relatively

low at 7,525 cases, which was around 0.54 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. In 2020, around 4.78

million incidents of crime were recorded in China. That was about 80,000 cases less than in the

previous year, when 4.86 million incidents were reported. (Textor, 2021)

Based to the United Nation Office on Drugs and Crime study lockdown rules can affect

crime when combined with preexisting conditions such as the presence of organized crime and

gang violence, which differ by country. Restrictive measures not only lessen the likelihood of

public crime, but also the likelihood of criminals breaking into private residences. Social-

distancing measures, such as banning public meetings or closing bars, restaurants, and stores,
have a substantial impact on interpersonal violence because conditions in which crimes, such as

physical assault outside the home, stealing, theft, and robbery, is less likely to occur.

Despite the fact that several studies on crime were conducted during COVID-19, global

research on the pandemic and crime is uncommon. The paucity of international data is the most

significant cause for this. Researchers had previously relied on readily available illustrative data,

daily crime data from a single city, or daily crime data from a set of cities in a single country.

While the findings of previous studies are still useful, the Nivette et al. study has revolutionized

the landscape of crime research. Nivette's team has accumulated the most comprehensive,

extensive, and authoritative information on COVID-19 and crime in an international context that

presently exists, thanks to an exceptional data collection effort. (Nivette,. et al. Nat. Hum. Behav,

2021).

Despite the wide range of estimates for how much crime has fallen, one finding appears

to be fairly consistent: crime has decreased in the United States since states began implementing

lockdowns. While almost all anecdotal evidence suggests that crime has reduced in the United

States, it is crucial to remember that there are still many unknowns concerning the extent to

which crime has fallen in the United States. The situation is made the most difficult by three

variables. To begin, nationwide data, or at least nationally representative statistics, is required to

conclusively verify that crime is declining across the country. Second, calls for service are one

statistic for judging if crime is down, but they are not the only one. Other measures and

methodologies for measurement are required. We are especially in need of self-report statistics

because it is widely accepted as providing a genuine perspective on crime (see Krohn,

Thornberry, Gibson, & Baldwin, 2010 regarding the utility of self-report data). Third, the

majority of media outlets concentrate on big cities.

 Zamboanga city crime rate before and during the quarantine period. Therefore, covering

the month of March to October 2016, from to 2020. The data analysis was used in the data

obtained from the police office of the city of Zamboanga. The results indicate that the volume of

the Crime in the city gradually decreases from 2016 to 2020. Unreported crimes are more

common than listed crimes in the city. Barangays in the city's urban areas recorded the highest

criminal incidents.

Further to the reports of the Philippine National Police (PNP), crime rates in the

Philippines has a steady drop. Also, there was a significant decline in index crimes such as

murder, homicide, physical injury, rape, robbery, theft, and carnapping in all regions of the

country. The reduction index crime was recorded to be 20.56 percent reduction in 2017

compared to the same period in 2016 from January to October (Felipe,2017).

Based on the Philippine National Police (PNP) Directorate for Investigation and

Detective Management, theft, physical assault, and robbery were among the most common

crimes reported to local authorities in 2019. Other common crimes included pickpocketing,

confidence schemes, and credit card fraud. Carjacking, robberies, and violent assaults also

occurred throughout the country. (OSAC,2020)

As of 2020, the country’s order and security index score in terms of the absence of crime

was almost 0.7, where a result of one meant it was effectively controlled or organized. In the past

year, the Philippine National Police fortified its crime solution initiatives, which significantly

helped the nation in its crime solution efficiency. Numerous joint talks about peace and security

between the agencies of the Philippine National Police and Armed Forces of the Philippines

could help in making a safer country (Sanchez, 2020).

 Addition to Lt. Gen Eleazar PNP also showed a 46-percent drop in focus crimes in the

country during the 226-day community quarantine period (March 17 to Oct. 28, 2020) with

21,729 crimes, compared to 39,920 during the same period before the community quarantine

(Aug. 4, 2019 to March 16, 2020). These are murder, homicide, physical injury, rape, robbery,

theft, vehicle theft, and motorcycle theft. (Eleazar, 2020).

The facts on which a reasonable person behaves in any particular condition are referred to

as crime. In a criminal case, the purpose to commit the crime means that the person knew what

he was doing was unlawful but went ahead and did it nonetheless, knowing the consequences

would be pointless. It's not to be mistaken with motivation. Intent refers to a person's state of

mind when committing a crime, whereas motive refers to the cause for the action.

Corona virus 2019, also known as COVID-19, is a virus that causes severe acute

respiratory syndrome and is caused by the corona virus 2. (SARS-Cov-2). Wuhan, China, was

the origin of it all. Theft, robbery, bodily injury, street crime, online crime, unlawful marketing,

burglary, and human trafficking are all affected by the epidemic. When the COVID-19 epidemic

occurs in March 2020, it will reduce the number of criminal cases. A pandemic is when a new

illness spreads throughout the world. The most likely to become a pandemic are viral respiratory

infections, such as those caused by a coronavirus COVID-19.

Theoretical Framework

Rational choice theory is based on the fundamental tenets of classical criminology, which hold

that people freely choose their behaviour and are motivated by the avoidance of pain and the

pursuit of pleasure. Individuals evaluate their choice of actions in accordance with each option's
ability to produce advantage, pleasure and happiness. Rational choice provides a micro

perspective on why individual offenders decide to commit specific crimes; people choose to

engage in crime because it can be rewarding, easy, satisfying and fun. The central premise of this

theory is that people are rational beings whose behavior can be controlled or modified by a fear

of punishment. In this way, it is believed offenders can be persuaded to desist from offending by

intensifying their fear of punishment. In terms of setting the quantum of punishment, according

to this theory, sanctions should be limited to what is necessary to deter people from choosing

crime (Siegel and McCormick, 2006). This means that individuals are responsible for their

choices and thus individual offenders are subject to blame for their criminality. In terms of

offending, rational choice posits that offenders weigh the potential benefits and consequences

associated with committing an offence and then make a rational choice on the basis of this

evaluation. Therefore, before committing a crime, the reasoning criminal weighs the chances of

getting caught, the severity of the expected penalty and the value to be gained by committing the

act. This means that if offenders perceive the costs to be too high, the act to be too risky, or the

payoff to be too small, they will choose to not engage in the act.

This theory is based on a number of assumptions about the decision-making process and

behavioral motivations. It is held that people decide to commit crime after careful consideration

of the costs and benefits of behaving in a certain manner. This involves considering both

personal factors, which may include a need for money, revenge, or entertainment, and situational

factors such as the target/victim’s vulnerability and the presence of witnesses, guardians, or the

police.

Example of rational crime theory is white collar crimes such as identity theft, fraud

embezzlement and etc., Instrumental crimes involve planning and weighing the risks with a
rational mind. An example of an instrumental crime can include: tax evasion, traffic violations,

drinking and driving, corporate crime, larceny and sexual assault.

Routine activities theory is a subsidiary of rational choice theory. Developed by Cohen and

Felson (1979), routine activities theory requires three elements be present for a crime to occur: a

motivated offender with criminal intentions and the ability to act on these inclinations, a suitable

victim or target, and the absence of a capable guardian who can prevent the crime from

happening. These three elements must converge in time and space for a crime to occur. In terms

of suitable targets, the choice is influenced by the offender’s perception of the target’s

vulnerability; the more suitable and accessible the target, the more likely that a crime will occur.

The number of motivated criminals in the population also affects crime levels. It is held that

offenders are less likely to commit crimes if they can achieve personal goals through legitimate

means. This implies that criminal motivations can be reduced if offenders perceive that there are

alternatives to crime.

In relation to this study, Rational choice and routine activities theory both hold that crime rates

are a product of criminal opportunity. It is thus thought that by increasing the number of

guardians, decreasing the suitability of targets or reducing the offender population, the crime rate

should decline. A central implication of understanding offending in terms of a rational

calculation means that the criminal justice system is capable of controlling crime, that aggressive

law enforcement and severe punishment should deter offenders, and consequently, produce a

notable reduction in criminal offending.

The difficulty with these theories is they are premised on the assumption that offenders are

rationally calculating individuals. Though there is some support for the principles of this theory,
the primary weakness in its applicability is the assumption that offenders think before acting, that

they conduct a cost-benefit analysis before deciding to engage in crime. Despite the appearance

of rationality in offending. Since most offenders do not think they will be caught, and in fact it is

unlikely that they will be caught, increasing the penalty has no prolonged effect on the crime

rate. It is the perceived risk of apprehension, not the severity of punishment, that holds the

greatest power to deter, though this ability is limited as well. This is amply demonstrated by the

Kansas City experiment, where it was found that variations in police patrol techniques had little

effect on the crime patterns (Kelling et al., 1974). Regardless of the actual likelihood of

apprehension, most offenders do not think they will be caught. This finding is supported by

Burski et al. (1990), who failed to find a relationship between the likelihood of being arrested or

imprisoned and corresponding crime rates.

Assuming a rational basis for committing a crime overestimates the extent to which people

consider the legal consequences of their actions. This theory also focuses on individuals and their

choices while ignoring the social constraints and conditions that shape an individual’s

circumstances, thought processes, and life chances. These exert considerable influence on

people. Engaging in crime is not simply a rational decision. It is affected by the interaction of a

number of factors and influences. Furthermore, increasing the penalty also assumes that

offenders were aware of the original sanction and felt it was worth the risk, while the new, more

punitive punishment makes it no longer worth the risk in a cost/benefit analysis. This, again, is

assuming that offenders are aware of the change in the severity of the sentence and rationally

calculate their choice of action. Since this assumption is not supported by the literature, both

specific and general deterrence strategies have not yielded the results predicted by rational

choice theorists.
 Routine Activities Theory
Rational choice theory

The view that victimization results from the

 white-collar crime. The white-collar
interaction of three everyday factors: · Suitable
criminal premediated and weighing the
targets • objects of crime that are attractive and
options of his/her choice, decides the
readily available • Absence of capable guardians •
personal benefit of stealing money
effective deterrents to crime, such as police •
outweighs any chance of his/her theft
Presence of motivated offenders • people willing and
being discovered
able to commit crimes • The presence of thesethree
 crime is a personal choice, the result of
components increases the chances that a crime will
individual decision-making processes.
take place •Hot Spots

Routine activity theory

Rational choice theory

Research Framework

The research framework shows the assessment of the common crime committed at the time of

pandemic in barangay 18 Cabagñan West Legazpi City. To determine the cause and effect of the

crimes committed in the barangay said during the lockdowns. And to recommend preparation for

those crimes and have a less record for committed crimes. The residents of this barangay will

safe go around in the barangay even if night time.

This study focused on thecommon crime committed at the time of pandemic in the

Barangay 18 Cabagñan West Legazpi City. The data that researchers will gather to the selected

residents of Cabagñan West Legazpi Citywho have knowledge about the crime committed. This

study will target to assess the crime committed and to improve the security in every purok in this

barangay. This research study will have an impact to the barangay officials and also to the

resident who lived here. The result of this study will strengthen the policy, rules, regulation and

also the implementing the tanod patrol to be a better and peace barangay. It also helps to the

barangay officials to be equipped and prepared for their policy and to be a quick responder for

any problem that they were facing,

ASSESSMENT OF THE COMMON CRIMES COMMITTED IN BARANGAY CABAGÑAN WEST

LEGAZPI CITY DURING PANDEMIC

1. To assess the common crimes committed in the Brgy.18

Cabagñan West Legazpi City at the time of pandemic.

2. To identify the causes and effects of the crime committed in

1. To less crime committed in this brgy and to maintain the peaceful

community.

2. To give solution of every problem that encountered by the brgy. Officials.

1. To become a top most peaceful barangay in Legazpi City.

2. The brgy has don’t have record of any common crimes.

3. The residents of brgy 18 Cabagñan West Legazpi City were obeying the new

policy and preparation of any crime.

Figure 2.0

Research paradigm
Scope and Delimitations of the study

The focus of this research is on common crime. It is concerned with crimes perpetrated during

the pandemic. It will primarily focus on crimes that occurred under the authority of brgy18

Cabagñan West Legazpi City. The crimes perpetrated outside of this area were not included in

this analysis.

Significant of the study

This study will give a good reference and basis in any study that the future researcher will

conduct in the future. It will help and beneficial to the following:

Philippine National Police (PNP) – is an agency that enforce the law of the Philippines is a

responsible for securing of the safetiness of the community.

Barangay officials - The Barangay Officials will know specifically the main problem of the

barangay and give it an action immediately.

Residents - The residents will become aware when in times of crimes.

Future Research – This study will become their legal reference in the future studies.

Definition of Terms

Crime- An act that is considered illegal is one that is immoral, hurtful and punishable.

Pandemic- Is an epidemic of an infectious disease that can spread easily.

Homicide – is a killing a person by another person.

Theft – taking a property of a person without asking a permission.

Robbery – taking a property unlawfully to a person or to the place by using force or threatening.

Street crime - Any criminal offense committed in a public location is referred to as street crime.

Burglary - unauthorized entry into a facility with the aim to commit a crime, particularly

stealing

Aggravated assault - the act of physically attacking another person with the intent of causing

serious bodily injury and/or using a lethal or hazardous weapon such as a gun or knife to do so.

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Methodology

This chapter describes the method of the study that used. It includes the research design,

research instrument, sampling technique, data gathering procedure, data analysis and also the

locale and setting that will be used of the researcher.

Research design

This study used descriptive research method to know the crimes which are committed into the

jurisdiction of Brgy. 18 Cabagñan West Legazpi City. Thus, the objective is to identify the cause

of the crimes committed. Descriptive is a design the characteristic to have accurate fashion. This

will recognize the fact through the answer of the respondent.

Research instrument

The instrument that the researcher will using for this study is the questionnaire interview

which is consist of the question based on the statement of the problem of the study. The

questionnaire that the researcher will be used is composed of the profile of the respondent of the

Brgy. 18 Cabagñan West Legazpi City, the common crimes committed in Brgy. 18 Cabagñan
West Legazpi City, the causes and effect of the crime committed in Brgy. 18 Cabagñan West

Legazpi City, and last was the recommended preparation to lessen the crime committed.

Data gathering procedure

The researchers will ask the permission from the Brgy. Captain of Brgy. 18 Cabagñan West

Legazpi City and provide a letter to allowed them to conduct a study with a questionnaire.

Sampling design

Simple random sampling will be used to this study. It’s the random selection of a group from the

large group of the respondents. The simple random sampling will be selecting 100 residents

among 4,001 population in Brgy. 18 Cabagñan West Legazpi City Albay. The findings of these

study are expected to be generalized to the entire population that helps the researchers to

determine the assessment of the common crimes committed in Brgy. 18 Cabagñan West Legazpi

City during pandemic.

TABLE A

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

RESPONDENTS MALE FEMALE TOTAL

PNP members 5 3 8

Barangay Officials 6 2 8
 Residence of 42 42 84

Cabagῆan

TOTAL 53 47 100

Study site

Barangay 18Cabagñan West, originally Poblacion, is a barangay in the province of Albay,

located in the city of Legazpi. According to the 2020 Census, it has a population of 4,001 people.

This amounted to 1.91 percent of Legazpi's total population.

Data analysis plan

In order to illustrate the data the researchers use matrix tables to organized, summarize and

analyze the data gathered for easy to determine its difference from each other.

Formula

P=n/N (100)

Where:
P = percentage

n= actual number of respondents

N= total number of respondents

Percentage is the number or the ratio as a fraction of 100. It is often denoted using the percentage

sign “%”, or the abbreviation “pct”.

Ranking – is a relationship between a set of items, for any two items the first is either “rank

higher than”, or rank lower than.