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9
Mathematics
Third Quarter
Module 3-Week 3:
Illustrating the Combination
of Objects

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 Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 Module 3-Week 3: Illustrates the Combination of Objects

First Edition, 2021

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 10

Mathematics
Third Quarter
Module 3-Week 3:
Illustrating the
Combination of Objects

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Illustrating the Combination of Objects
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being
an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to competencies you are expected to learn
Know
in the module.
This part includes an activity that aims
What I Know to check what you already know about
the lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correct (100%), you may decide
to skip this module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you
What’s In link the current lesson with the previous
one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New introduced to you in various ways such
as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion
What is It of the lesson. This aims to help you
discover and understand new concepts
and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More practice to solidify your understanding
and skills of the topic. You may check
the answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
Learned
process what you learned from the
lesson.

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 This section provides an activity which
will help you transfer your new
What I Can Do
knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate
Assessment your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.
In this portion, another activity will be
Additional given to you to enrich your knowledge or
Activities
skill of the lesson learned. This also
tends retention of learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in
Answer Key the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

In the previous lesson, you have already known about the Fundamental
Counting Principle and Permutation. This knowledge and skill will help you
understand combinations, which will further help you in forming conclusions
and in making decisions. To be able to do this, perform each activity that
follows

After going through this module, you are expected to:

a. Illustrate the Combination of Objects.

What I Know

Let us find out first what you have already known about the content of this
module. Choose the letter that you think best answers the question. Please
answer all the items.
Take note of the items / questions that you were not able to answer correctly
and review them as you go through this module for self-correction.

1. Choosing a subset of a set is an example of ________________.

A. Combination C. Integration
B. Differentiation D. Permutation

2. Which of the following situations illustrates combination?

A. Arranging books in a shelf
B. Drawing names from a box containing 200 names
C. Forming different numbers from 5 given digits
D. Forming plate numbers of vehicles

3. Which of the following can be the value of r in C(15,r ) = 1365?

A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3

4. Which of the following situations does NOT illustrate combination?

A. Selecting 2 songs from 10 choices for an audition piece
B. Fixing the schedule of a group of students who must take exactly 8 subjects
C. Enumerating the subsets of a set
D. Identifying the lines formed by connecting some given points on a plane

5. If w = C(5, 2), x = C(5, 3), y = C(5, 4), and z = C(5, 5), and we are given 5
points on a plane of which no three are collinear, which expression gives the
total number of polygons that can be drawn?
A. x + y C. x + y + z
B. w + x + y D. w + x + y + z

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Lesson
Illustrating the
1 Combination of Objects

There is a truly vast range of applications in real –life for permutations

and combinations! Combination is a mathematical technique that determines
the number of possible arrangements in a collection of items where the order of
the selection does not matter. In combinations, you can select the items in
any order.

What’s In

Solve each problem below and answer the questions that follow.
1. You were tasked to take charge of the auditions for the female parts of a
stage play. In how many possible ways can you form your cast of 5 female
members if there were 15 hopefuls?
2. If ice cream is served in a cone, in how many ways can Abby choose her
three-flavor ice cream scoop if there are 6 available flavors?
3. If each Automated Teller Machine card of a certain bank has to have 4
different digits in its passcode, how many different possible passcodes can
there be?
4. In how many ways can 5 English books and 4 Mathematics books be
placed on a shelf if books of the same subject are to be together?

How did you find the number of ways asked for in each item? What
mathematics concepts or principles did you apply? How did you apply
these concepts or principles?
Which situations above illustrate permutations? Which do not? Why?
Great! Mastery of the skill and processes made you successful on this
lesson. The next activity will help you understand the application of
the mathematical concepts and principles on combination of objects.

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 What’s New

Study and do the tasks below, and then answer the questions that follow.
Write AI if arrangement is important and ANI if arrangement is not important
in the given activities.
______1. Choosing 5 questions to answer out of 10 questions in a test
______2. Opening a combination lock
______3. Winning in a contest
______4. Selecting 7 people to form a Student Affairs Committee
______5. Forming triangles from 6 distinct points in which no 3 points are
collinear
______ 6. Assigning seats to guests at dinner
______7. Drawing a set of 6 numbers in a lottery containing numbers 1 to 45
______ 8. Entering the PIN (Personal Identification Number) of your ATM card
______9. Selecting 3 posters to hang out of 6 different posters
______10. Listing the elements of subsets of a given set

a. In which tasks/activities above is order or arrangement

important? Give an example to illustrate each answer.
b. In which tasks/activities is order not important? Give an
example to illustrate each answer.
Great Job! In the activity you have just done, were you able to
identify situations that involve permutations and those that do
not? The latter are called combinations and you will learn more
about them in the next activity.

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 What is It

Are you ready to learn about combinations?

From the activities you have done, you identified tasks in which the
arrangement or order is important (permutations) and those in which order is
not important (combinations). You recalled the Fundamental Counting
Principle as well as permutation which are essential concepts in understanding
combinations.

Suppose you were assigned by your teacher to be the leader of your

group for your project. You were given the freedom to choose 4 of your
classmates to be your group mates. If you choose Aira, Belle, Charlie, and
Dave, does it make any difference if you choose instead Charlie, Aira, Dave,
and Belle? Of course not, because the list refers to the same people. Each
selection that you could possibly make is called a combination. On the other
hand, if you choose Aira, Belle, Dave, and Ellen, now that is another
combination, and it is different from the first combination cited.
Remember: If there is a set S with n elements, and if r is a nonnegative
integer less than or equal to n, then each subset of S containing r distinct
elements is called a combination of S.
The number of combinations of n objects taken r at a time is denoted by

Suppose now, that you are asked to form different triangles out of 4
points plotted, say, A, B, C, and D, of which no three are collinear.

We can see that ΔABC is the same as ΔBCA and ΔCBA. In the same manner,
ΔBCD is the same as ΔCBD and ΔDBC. This is another illustration of
combination. The different triangles that can be formed are ΔABC, ΔABD,
ΔBCD, and ΔCDA. Thus, there are 4 combinations.

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How can we find the number of combinations more systematically? Consider
this: If order of the letters is important, then we have the following possibilities:

ABC ABD BCD CDA

ACB ADB BDC CAD
BCA BDA CDB DAC
BAC BAD CBD DCA
CAB DBA DBC ADC
CBA DAB DCB ACD
The number of different orders of 4 vertices taken 3 at a time is given by

P(4, 3) = 4!
(4 - 3)!
= 24
There are 24 possibilities. Since you learned in Geometry that we can name a
triangle using its three vertices in any order, then if we look more closely, we
can see that all the triangles in the same column are identical. Thus, the actual
number of combinations is

C (4, 3) = 24 or P ( 4, 3) or P (4 , 3) (Equation 1)
6 6 3!

Notice that 6 or 3! is the number of ways of arranging 3 objects taken all at a

time. We divided by 3! to eliminate duplicates.

Note : There are 4 objects (A,B,C,D) n=4

They are selected 3 at a time r=3

And so equation (1) becomes C(n, r) = P(n, r)

r!
Since P(n, r) = n!
(n-r)!

then C(n, r) = P(n, r)

r!

n!
= (n-r)!
r!

n!
= r! (n-r)!

Remember: The combination of n objects taken r at a time is:

C(n, r) = n! , n ≥ r ≥ 0
r! (n-r)!

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Example 1. In how many ways can a committee consisting of 4 members be
formed from 8 people?
Solution 1: (Using the formula) n = 8, r = 4
C(n, r) = n!
r! (n - r)!

= 8!
4! (8 - 4)!

= 8 ∙7∙ 6 ∙5∙ 4∙ 3∙ 2∙ 1
4∙ 3∙ 2∙ 1∙ 4∙ 3∙ 2∙ 1

= 8∙7∙5
4∙1

= 2∙7∙5 after common factors are cancelled

1
= 70
1

=70 ways

Solution 2: Based on the discussion on the previous page,

C(n, r) = P(n – r )!
r! Permutation of n objects taken r at a
time
= 8 ∙7∙ 6 ∙5
4! Permutation of r objects

= 8 ∙7∙ 6 ∙5
4∙ 3∙ 2∙ 1 There are r = 4 factors
= 8∙7∙5
4∙1

= 2∙7∙5 after common factors are cancelled

1
=70 ways

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 What’s More

Find the unknown in each item.

1. C(8, 3) = ___ 6. C(10, r) = 120

2. C(n, 4) = 15 7. C(n, 2) = 78

3. C(8, r) = 28 8. C(11, r) = 165

4. C(9, 9) = ___ 9. C(8, 6) = ___

5. C(n, 3) = 35 10. C(14,10) = ___

What I Have Learned

Answer the following questions based on the lesson discussed.

1. How do you determine if a situation involves combinations?

2. To find the total number of polygons that can be formed from 7 points
on a plane with no three of which are collinear, Joy answered:

= 35 different polygons

Is Joy correct? Justify your answer.

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.

What I Can Do

Answer the following questions completely.

DAMATH is a board game that incorporates mathematical skills in the Filipino

game Dama. In a school DAMATH tournament, there are 28 participants who
are divided into 7 groups. Each participant plays against each member of his
group in the eliminations. The winner in each group advances to the semi-
finals where they again compete with each other. The five players with the most
number of wins proceed to the final round and play against each other.
Assume that there are no ties.

a. What is the total number of games to be played in the eliminations?

_____________________________________________________________________________

b. How many matches will be played in the final round?

_____________________________________________________________________________

c. In how many possible ways can the top five players in the semifinals come
up?
_____________________________________________________________________________

d. In how many possible ways can the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd placer be declared in
the final round?
_____________________________________________________________________________

e. How many matches will be played altogether?

_____________________________________________________________________________

In this section, the discussion was about your understanding of combinations

and how they are illustrated and used in real life.

What new learnings do you have about combinations?

How can these learnings be applied in real life?

Congratulations for reaching this part of the module!

Demonstrated your understanding of the lesson by doing a practical task is more
authentic and reliable learning outcomes. So keep going and be practical.

Your understanding of this lesson and other previously learned mathematical

concepts and principles will facilitate your learning into the next lesson.

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 Assessment

Choose the letter that you think best answers the question.

1. C(n, n) = ____.
A. n B. r C. 1 D. cannot be determined

2. If C(n, r) = 35, which of the following are possible values of n and r?

A. n = 6, r = 4 B. n = 7, r = 3 C. n = 8, r = 3 D. n = 9, r = 2

3. If C(n, 4) = 126, what is n?

A. 11 B. 10 C. 9 D. 7

4. If C(12, r) = 792, which of the following is a possible value of r?

A. 8 B. 7 C. 6 D. 4

5. A caterer offers 3 kinds of soup, 7 kinds of main dish, 4 kinds of vegetable

dish, and 4 kinds of dessert. In how many possible ways can a caterer form a
meal consisting of 1 soup, 2 main dishes, 1 vegetable dish, and 2 desserts?
A. 140 B. 336 C. 672 D. 1512

6. In how many ways can a committee of 7 students be chosen from 9 juniors

and 9 seniors if there must be 4 seniors in the committee?
A. 10 584 B. 1764 C. 210 D. 84

7. Jane wants to solve a system of equations through elimination by combining

any two equations. The number of equations she has is equal to the number of
variables. She realizes that she has 10 possible ways to start her solution. How
many equations does she have?
A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3

8. There are 11 different food items in a buffet. A customer is asked to get a

certain number of items. If the customer has 462 possible ways as a result,
which of the following did he possibly do?
A. Choose 4 out of the 11 items
B. Choose 6 out of the 11 items
C. Choose 8 out of the 11 items
D. Choose 7 out of the 11 items

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 Additional Activities
Level Up!
Answer the following problem completely.
Give 1 example of situation in real life that illustrates combinations. In
the situation,
1.formulate a problem.
2. solve the problem.
3. explain how this particular problem may help you I formulating conclusions
and /or making decisions.

Answer Key

What I Know What’s In What’s New What’s More

1. ANI 1. 56
1. A 1.120 2. AI 2. 6
2. .B 2. 5040 3. AI 3. 2 and 6
4. ANI 4.1
3. C 3. 1 108 800 5. ANI 5. 7
6. AI 6. 3
4.B 4. 5760
7. ANI 7. 13
5.C 8. AI 8.3 and 8
9. ANI 9. 28
10. ANI 10. 1001

Assessment What I have Learned What I can Do

1. C Answers may vary a. 42

b. 10
2. B
c. 2520
3. C
d. 60
4. B
e. 73
5. D
6. A
7. B
8. B

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References
Grade 10 Learners Materials
Combinations and Permutations
http://www.mathsisfun.com/combinatorics/combinations-permutations.html
Accessed on Feb. 26, 2014
Does Order Matter- Combinations and Non-Combinations. Brent Hanneson. Sept.
27, 2013. www. beatthegmat.com/mba/2013/09/27/does-order-matter-
combinations-and-non-combinations-partiii. Accessed on Feb. 27, 2014
Mathematics in the Real World.
http://users.math.yale.edu/~anechka/math107/lecture13.pdf. Accessed on
Feb. 25, 2014
The Fundamental Counting Principle and Permutations.
http://www.classzone.com/eservices/home/pdf/student/LA212AAD.pdf.
Accessed on Feb. 25, 2014
The Importance of Permutations and Combinations in Modern Society. Valerie
Hansen.Nov.7, 2005. http://voices.yahoo.com/the-importance-permutations-
combinations-in-10262.html?cat=41 Accessed on Feb. 26, 2014

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