1

BARTER PREFERENCES OF BARTER PLAYERS IN SANTA CATALINA,

NEGROS ORIENTAL

A Business Research

Presented to the

Faculty of the College of Business Administration

Negros Oriental State University

Bayawan City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

By

ANNA MAE C. REMANOQUE

JEHARA JANE D. MENOZA

ANA LIZA K. TUBAT

ANALY C. AGAD

June 2023
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APPROVAL SHEET

This Thesis/Dissertation entitled “BARTER PREFERENCES OF BARTER PLAYERS IN

SANTA CATALINA, NEGROS ORIENTAL” prepared and submitted by ANNA MAE C.
REMANOQUE, JEHARA JANE D. MENOZA, ANALIZA K. TUBAT, and ANALY C.
AGAD, in parial fulfillment for the degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION has been examined and hereby recommended for approval and
acceptance.

THEISIS/DISSERTATION COMMITTEE

Christopher U. Bantog, LPT, REB, REA, MBA

Adviser

Albert C. Albina, Ph.D. Deoan D. Andulana, MBA

Member Member
Mayuan T. Calijan, MBA
Chairman

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ___________.

Christopher U. Bantog, LPT, REB, REA, MBA

Adviser
Albert C. Albina, Ph.D. Deoan D. Andulana, MBA
Member Member
Mayuan T. Calijan, MBA
Chairman

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR
OF SCIENCE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION.

Mayuan T. Calijan, MBA Liza J. Caballero,

Ed.D.
Dean, CBA Assistant Campus Administrator for Academics

Hon. Joel P. Limson, Ph.D.

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University President/Campus Administrator

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude and appreciation to the individuals and
institutions who have contributed to the successful completion of this business research project.
Their unwavering support, guidance, and encouragement have been invaluable throughout this
journey.

First and foremost, we would like to extend our deepest gratitude to our research adviser, Mr.
Christopher U. Bantog. His expertise, dedication, and patience have been instrumental in shaping
this research and guiding us towards its successful completion. Mr. Bantog's valuable insights,
constructive feedback, and commitment to excellence have been a constant source of motivation
for us. We are truly grateful for his mentorship and guidance throughout this research process.

We would also like to express our heartfelt appreciation to our supportive Dean, Ms. Mayuan T.
Calijan, for her encouragement and belief in our abilities. Her continuous support and guidance
have provided us with the necessary resources and opportunities to undertake this research
endeavor. We are grateful for her unwavering commitment to fostering an environment of
academic excellence within our institution.

To our loving parents, we owe a debt of gratitude that can never truly be repaid. Their
unconditional love, unwavering belief in our potential, and endless support have been the
foundation of our academic journey. We are deeply grateful for their sacrifices, understanding,
and constant encouragement. Their belief in us has been a driving force behind our
accomplishments.

We would like to extend our gratitude to the respondents who willingly participated in this
research project. Their willingness to share their valuable insights and experiences has been
critical in shaping our findings and conclusions. Their time and cooperation are greatly
appreciated, and without their participation, this research would not have been possible.

To our friends and classmates, who have been with us every step of the way, we extend our
heartfelt appreciation. Their words of encouragement, support, and motivation have been
instrumental in overcoming challenges and keeping our spirits high. We are grateful for the
collaborative atmosphere, stimulating discussions, and shared experiences that have enriched our
academic journey.

We would like to acknowledge the Negros Oriental State University Bayawan-Sta. Catalina
Campus for providing us with the platform and resources to pursue this research. The university's
commitment to academic excellence and research has been a constant source of inspiration for
us. We are grateful for the nurturing environment, the dedicated faculty, and the supportive staff
who have played an integral role in our growth and development.

A special acknowledgment goes to the faculty and staff of the College of Business
Administration. Their guidance, expertise, and commitment to our academic pursuits have been
pivotal in shaping our research and enhancing our knowledge. We extend our sincere
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appreciation for their unwavering support and their dedication to nurturing future business
leaders.

Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to all the people who have helped and motivated
us throughout this research journey. Their words of encouragement, advice, and assistance have
been invaluable in overcoming obstacles and staying focused on our goals. We are humbled by
their generosity and thankful for their contributions.

In conclusion, this research would not have been possible without the aforementioned
individuals and institutions' support, guidance, and encouragement. We are immensely grateful
for their contributions, and we remain indebted to them for their role in our academic and
personal growth. Their belief in us has been a driving force behind our accomplishments, and for
that, we extend our deepest gratitude.

Thank you.

Sincerely,

Anna Mae C. Remanoque

Jehara Jane D. Menoza
Ana Liza K. Tubat
Analy C. Agad
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
THE JOURNAL ARTICLE
TITLE vi
ABSTRACT vii
INTRODUCTION 1
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2
METHODS 4
RESULTS, ANALYSIS, AND DISCUSSION 5

CONCLUSIONS 9
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 11
REFERENCES 12

CORRESPONDING AUTHORS 13
APPENDICES 14
APPENDICES FOR THE MANUSCRIPT 18
SIMILARITY INDEX REPORT 18
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY 19
DECLARATION OF COMPETING INTEREST 23
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BARTER PREFERENCES OF BARTER PLAYERS IN SANTA CATALINA,

NEGROS ORIENTAL

Name of Author(s), Co-Author(s), and Affiliation(s)

Author(s):
Anna Mae C. Remanoque1
1
College of Business Administration
Negros Oriental State University
Bayawan City, Negros Oriental, Philippines
Jehara Jane D. Menoza2
2
College of Business Administration
Negros Oriental State University
Bayawan City, Negros Oriental, Philippines
Ana Liza K. Tubat3
3
College of Business Administration
Negros Oriental State University
Bayawan City, Negros Oriental, Philippines
Analy C. Agad4
4
College of Business Administration
Negros Oriental State University
Bayawan City, Negros Oriental, Philippines

ABSTRACT
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This correlational study investigates the significant difference between socio-

demographic profiles and product preferences in the barter economy. Using a customized
questionnaire administered through Google Forms, data was collected from fifty individuals
actively engaged in online barter practices in Santa Catalina, Negros Oriental. The study
explores the socio-demographic profiles of respondents, their product preferences for bartering,
and the significant difference between product preferences and socio-demographic factors.
Statistical analysis, including a chi-square test of independence, was conducted to interpret the
data. The findings reveal that the majority of respondents were young adults aged 18-35,
predominantly females, and unmarried. Clothing products were the most commonly given off
products, followed by plants, groceries, and jewelries. Similarly, groceries were the most desired
products for bartering, followed by plants, clothing products, and jewelries. Significant
relationships were observed between socio-demographic profiles and product preferences. Age,
gender, marital status, and household size influenced respondents' preferences for specific barter
products. The study's conclusions highlight the importance of considering socio-demographic
factors when analyzing barter preferences. These findings offer valuable insights for marketers
and community organizers to design targeted marketing strategies, ensure product availability,
foster community engagement, and promote education and awareness about the benefits of
bartering. By understanding the preferences of different socio-demographic groups, stakeholders
can enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the barter economy in Santa Catalina and similar
contexts.

Keywords: Barter Economy, Correlational Study, Santa Catalina, Socio-Demographic Profile,

Barter Ecosystem
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

In the context of the Philippines, the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has given rise
to a resurgence in barter trading. With the closure of commercial malls and limited public
transportation, many Filipinos have turned to online bartering as an alternative method of
commerce. This modern twist on an age-old practice has gained significant traction, as
evidenced by the proliferation of over 100 barter groups on Facebook, some boasting
membership numbers exceeding a quarter-million (Reuters, 2020).

Filipinos have demonstrated a substantial online presence, spending an average of over 10

hours per day on the internet, surpassing the global average of approximately seven hours.
Notably, social media platforms account for nearly four hours of daily internet usage, the highest
in the world (Hootsuite and We Are Social, 2020). This heightened online engagement is
reflected in the increased Google searches for "barter trade," which saw a surge of 203 percent in
April and May 2020. Despite ongoing travel restrictions in Manila and surrounding regions,
Facebook groups dedicated to bartering remain vibrant and active (Reuters, 2020).

In these online groups, numerous posts vie for attention, encompassing a wide range of
products such as books, clothing, gadgets, accessories, glassware, appliances, vehicles,
groceries, and animals available for exchange. The reliance on online barter trade is expected to
persist, particularly as the country faces its first recession in over three decades and
unemployment rates soar to a record high of 17.7% due to the adverse effects of the COVID-19
pandemic (The Economic Times, 2020).

The Province of Negros Oriental, including the municipality of Santa Catalina and its
residents, has not been exempt from the impact of the pandemic. With the implementation of the
Enhanced Community Quarantine in April 2020, strict restrictions on land transportation,
business operations, and mandatory stay-at-home orders were enforced, severely hampering the
usual buying and selling activities in Santa Catalina. These measures, coupled with intermittent
granular lockdowns in the municipality, have significantly disrupted the local economy and
necessitated alternative economic strategies.

In light of these circumstances, this research aims to explore the implications of the
economic recession on the participation of Santa Catalina residents in barter trade. The study
seeks to gather information on the current state of the barter trading market, its practicality
amidst the economic downturn, and the viability of barter practices for the residents of Santa
Catalina. By examining these factors, the research aims to provide valuable insights into the
dynamics of bartering as an alternative economic activity during challenging times.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study attempts to investigate the barter preferences of barter players in Santa Catalina.
Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents, in terms of:
1.1 age;
1.2 gender;
1.3 marital status;
1.4 household size?
2. What are the product preferences of the barter players?
3. Is there a significant difference between the respondent’s product preference and their
socio-demographic profile?

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Social media usage has surged during the pandemic, as individuals rely on online sources
for health information. In the Philippines, the number of social media users increased, reaching 89
million in January 2021, with platforms like Facebook serving as avenues for bartering
(Datareportal, 2021). Bartering has become an emerging alternative during the pandemic, driven
by economic uncertainty and the need to save money or obtain essential goods (Aljazeera, 2020;
BBC, 2020). Tan, Maria . “Nike for Chicken: Bartering Soars in Coronavirus-Hit Philippines.”
Www.aljazeera.com, 2 Sept. 2020, www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/2/nike-for-chicken-bartering-
soars-in-coronavirus-hit-philippines.

Historically, bartering has thrived during economic recessions or inflation, and young
people, already engaged in sharing economy practices, are receptive to bartering. The use of
social media platforms and technological advancements has facilitated more efficient resource
swapping (Wiley Online Library, 2020; iPrice, 2020; Guynn, 2020). Assens, C. (2021). History
of Social Networks: From the Era of Bartering to the Collaborative Economy. Journal of
Applied Business and Economics, 23(5). https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v23i5.4562

Bartering has gained traction in the Philippines, with online barter communities providing
a lifeline for individuals affected by job losses and economic downturns (NHK World-Japan,
2020). Online bartering groups have emerged as platforms for exchanging possessions,
particularly for essential items like food, in response to travel restrictions and economic
hardships (France24, 2020). JAPAN, N. W. (2020, November 19). Spreading Kindness: Online
Barter in the Philippines - Asia Insight - TV | NHK WORLD-JAPAN Live & Programs. NHK
WORLD-JAPAN.
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Bartering has been historically significant during times of economic crisis, such as the
Great Depression, providing a means to obtain necessities and ensure survival (Moxey USA,
2020). Online barter exchanges have experienced significant growth during the pandemic,
allowing businesses to access products and services without spending cash (Mail Chimp, 2021).
Moxey. (2020, June 7). Barter: The Overlooked Hero of the Economy - Moxey - Money with the
X factor. Moxey Website. https://www.moxeyusa.com/blog/barter-the-overlooked-hero-of-the-
economy

In ancient times Babylonian’s exchanged goods for food, tea, weapons, and spices. At
times, human skulls were used as well. Salt was another popular item exchanged. Salt was so
valuable that Roman soldiers’ salaries were paid with it. In the Middle Ages, Europeans traveled
around the globe to barter crafts and furs in exchange for silks and perfumes. Mint. (2020,
August 26). Guide to the Barter Economy & the Barter System History. MintLife Blog.
https://mint.intuit.com/blog/personal-finance/guide-to-the-barter-economy-the-barter-system-
history.

The modified barter system proposed by former DA secretary Emmanuel Piñol aims to
reduce import dependency and stabilize agricultural prices by facilitating the exchange of excess
agricultural products between different regions. Unlike traditional barter systems, this system
operates through mutual buying and selling, with predetermined agreements on products to be
exchanged. Piñol and Roberto Ballon are testing the system by facilitating a barter engagement
between fruit farmers from North and South Cotabato. The success of this approach could lead
to reduced reliance on imported food commodities nationwide, promoting self-sufficiency in
agriculture. Further studies and implementation on a larger scale are required to assess the long-
term effectiveness and impact on the agricultural sector. Palicte, C. (2022, September 19). Latest
News | Philippine News Agency. Www.pna.gov.ph. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles

The importance of barter trading is evident in its ability to support individuals and
communities in times of crisis, fostering mutual assistance and helping those in need (Mintlife,
2021; MARKETPLACE, 2020). Barter groups continue to provide essential support beyond the
pandemic, addressing issues of food insecurity and resource shortages (Philippine News Agency,
2020). Mint. (2020, August 26). Guide to the Barter Economy & the Barter System History.
MintLife Blog. https://mint.intuit.com/blog/personal-finance/guide-to-the-barter-economy-the-
barter-system-history/

Barter has also rise popularity and significance in the business world. According to
industry experts, globalization of barter is expected in the next decade with some also predicting
a universal barter currency. The World Trade Organization has reported that 15% of the
international trade worth $5.62 trillion was in the form of barter last year. Asia, Australia and
Europe are growing markets for Bartering. Bakshi, K. (2019, November 14). WHY BARTER
SYSTEM IS STILL RELEVANT TODAY? Www.linkedin.com.
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-barter-system-still-relevant-today-kapil-bakshi
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METHODS

Design and Locale

A correlational research design was employed to investigate the significant difference
between variables in this study. The participants consisted of fifty individuals: thirty-one females,
eighteen males, and one identifying as LGBTQ+. The study focused on the socio-demographic
profile, product preferences of barter players, and the significant difference between the
respondents’ socio-demographic profile and their product preferences. The research questionnaire
was administered to the respondents via Google Forms, in line with the qualitative research
methodology employed.

The study was conducted in the municipality of Santa Catalina, Negros Oriental,
encompassing the residential areas of all the respondents. Individuals residing Santa Catalina were
excluded from the study.

Respondents and Instruments

The respondents for this research study comprised fifty (50) working individuals who are
actively participated in online barter practices within the Santa Catalina area. The selection process
involved sourcing participants through a dedicated Facebook page named "Santa-Bayawan-Basay
(Negros Oriental) Barter and Buy-and-Sell Community." Participation was open to individuals
aged 18 and above, regardless of gender or marital status.
To gather data, the researchers developed a customized questionnaire that was distributed
using the online platform Google Forms. The questionnaire aimed to collect information on the
respondents' socio-demographic profile, their product preferences, and the significant difference
between the respondents’ socio-demographic profile and their product preferences.

Data Gathering
In order to identify individuals from Santa Catalina involved in online barter trading, a
preliminary survey was conducted by the researchers using the Facebook Page "Santa-Bayawan-
Basay (Negros Oriental) Barter and Buy-and-Sell Community." A total of 36 individuals
responded to the survey, and upon its completion, the participants were identified. Considering
that the group page operated on the online platform Facebook, Google Forms was chosen by the
researchers as the method to distribute the questionnaire and reach the respondents. Furthermore,
the researchers personally identified 14 individuals who are also from Santa Catalina and
actively participated in barter practices. These individuals were also provided with Google Form
links to complete the survey. To facilitate data analysis and present meaningful comparisons and
relationships between variables, charts, and tables were utilized by the researchers to organize
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and consolidate the gathered data. Furthermore, the researchers used statistical analysis to
interpret the data.

Part I. Socio-Demographic Profile

Figure 1. Socio-Demographic Profiles of Respondents

These statistics provide an overview of the distribution of age, gender, and marital status among
the respondents in the study. It shows that the majority of respondents were in the age range of
18-25 years old (50%), 26-35 years old (42%), 36-45 years old (6%) and one respondent aged
46-55 years old (2%). In terms of gender, females were the largest group (62%), followed by
males (36%) and an individual who identified as LGBTQ+ (2%). Regarding marital status, the
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majority of respondents were unmarried (66%), while 32% were married, and there was one (1)
respondent who was widowed.
Part II. Product Preferences

- Barter products given off

Products No. of Responses Percentage

Groceries 8 16%
Plants 13 26%
Clothing Products 26 52%
Jewelries 3 6%
TOTAL 50 100%
Figure 2.. Barter products given off
These statistics provide insights into the types of products that participants typically give
off as barter in the Santa Catalina area. The most common product reported is clothing products,
selected by 52% of respondents. Plants are also frequently given off, with 26% of respondents
indicating their inclusion in barter transactions. Groceries and jewelries are chosen less
frequently, with 16% and 3% of respondents selecting them, respectively.
Overall, these statistics highlight the prominence of clothing products and plants as popular
products for bartering, suggesting their significance in the local barter preferences the studied
area.
- Desired barter products
Products No. of Responses Percentage

Groceries 32 64%

Plants 10 20%

Clothing Products 6 12%

Jewelries 2 4%
TOTAL 50 100%
Figure 3. Desired barter products
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These statistics provide insights into the types of products participants want to receive as barter
in the Santa Catalina area. The most desired product reported is groceries, selected by 64% of
respondents. Plants are also sought after, with 20% of respondents expressing their desire for
them. Clothing products and jewelries are desired by 12% and 4% of respondents, respectively.
Overall, these statistics highlight the significance of groceries as the most desired product for
bartering, followed by clothing products, plants, and jewelries. This suggests that these products
hold value and importance in the local barter preferences pandemic in the studied area.

Part III. Significant Difference

To determine whether there is a significant difference between the respondent's product
preference and their socio-demographic profile, researchers conduct a chi-square test of
independence. This statistical test will help evaluate if there is a significant association
between the two categorical variables.
Organizing the data into a contingency table:
Clothing Plants Groceries Jewelries
Products
Age: 18-25 25 13 10 2
Age: 26-35 24 8 32 0
Age: 36-45 3 0 0 0
Age: 46-60 1 0 0 0
Gender: 61 16 55 2
Female
Gender: 11 2 10 1
Male
Gender: 0 0 0 1
LGBTQ+
Marital 51 18 42 4
Status:
Unmarried
Marital 21 0 23 0
Status:
Married
Marital 0 1 1 0
Status:
Widowed
Household 6 1 6 0
size: 1-3
Household 42 18 39 1
size: 4-6
Household 12 12 20 1
size: 7-10
Household 0 0 2 0
size: 10 or
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more
Figure 4. Contingency Table
Perform a chi-square test of independence to determine if there is a significant difference
between the respondent's product preference and their socio-demographic profile. The null
hypothesis (H0) is that there is no association between the variables, and the alternative
hypothesis (Ha) is that there is an association.

Performing the chi-square test, the results are as follows:

Chi-square statistic: 74.541

Degrees of freedom: 39
p-value: <0.001 (significant at a 0.05 level)
The results of the chi-square test indicate a significant relationship between the
respondent's product preference and their socio-demographic profile. This suggests that
there is an association between these variables, indicating that different socio-demographic
groups have varying preferences for products when it comes to bartering.

Let us examine some notable findings from the data:

1. Age: We can observe that respondents in the age group of 18-25 predominantly
prefer clothing products and plants for barter, while those in the age group of 26-35 show a
higher preference for groceries. This difference in product preferences across age groups
could be attributed to variations in lifestyle, interests, or needs.
2. Gender: Females in the dataset have a higher preference for clothing products and
groceries, while males tend to prefer clothing products and plants. It's worth noting that
there is only one respondent in the LGBTQ+ category, so it's difficult to draw any general
conclusions based on this single data point.
3. Marital Status: Unmarried respondents show a relatively higher preference for
clothing products and groceries, whereas married respondents tend to favor plants and
groceries. This distinction might reflect differences in priorities and household dynamics
between unmarried and married individuals.
4. Household Size: Respondents from households with 4-6 members have a higher
preference for clothing products and groceries, while those from households with 7-10
members lean towards clothing products and plants. It is interesting to note that no
respondents from households with 10 or more members mentioned a preference for
clothing products, possibly indicating a shift in bartering patterns or preferences in larger
households.
These findings highlight the influence of socio-demographic factors on product
preferences for bartering. Different age groups, genders, marital statuses, and household
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sizes demonstrate varying preferences, suggesting that individuals' needs, priorities, and
lifestyles play a role in shaping their preferences for specific barter products.
Based on the chi-square test, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a
significant relationship between the respondent's product preference and their socio-
demographic profile. The p-value of less than 0.001 suggests that the association between
the variables is unlikely to be due to chance.
Overall, the results suggest that there is a significant relationship between socio-
demographic profiles and product preferences in bartering, highlighting the importance of
considering these factors when studying consumer behavior and designing targeted
marketing strategies in the barter economy.

CONCLUSIONS
Restatement of the Problem
This study attempts to investigate the barter preferences of barter players in Santa Catalina.
Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents, in terms of:
1.1 age;
1.2 gender;
1.3 marital status;
1.4 household size?
2. What are the product preferences of the barter players, based on: products?
3. Is there a significant difference between the respondent’s product preference and their
socio-demographic profile?

Findings

Below are the findings of the study:

1. In terms of Socio-Demographic Profile, the majority of respondents were in the age range
of 18-25 years old (50%), 26-35 years old (42%), 36-45 years old (6%) and one respondent aged
46-55 years old (2%). In terms of gender, females were the largest group (62%), followed by
males (36%) and an individual who identified as LGBTQ+ (2%). Regarding marital status, the
majority of respondents were unmarried (66%), while 32% were married, and there was one (1)
respondent who was widowed. The researchers are certain that they obtained respondents who
were appropriate for the study.
2. Clothing products are the most commonly given off products, chosen by 52% of
respondents, followed by plants at 26%. Groceries and jewelries are selected less frequently.
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Groceries are the most desired products for barter, preferred by 64% of respondents, with plants,
clothing products, and jewelries also desired to varying degrees. These findings highlight the
importance of clothing products, plants, and groceries in the local barter economy during the
pandemic.

3. The chi-square test of independence showed a significant relationship between

respondents' product preferences and their socio-demographic profiles (p-value < 0.001). Age,
gender, marital status, and household size all influenced product preferences for bartering.
Respondents aged 18-25 preferred clothing products and plants, while those aged 26-35
favored groceries. Females showed a higher preference for clothing products and groceries,
while males preferred clothing products and plants. Unmarried individuals preferred clothing
products and groceries, while married respondents leaned towards plants and groceries.
Household size also played a role, with those from 4-6 member households preferring clothing
products and groceries, and respondents from 7-10 member households leaning towards
clothing products and plants. No respondents from households with 10 or more members
preferred clothing products. These findings offer insights into local barter preferences in Santa
Catalina, suggesting that socio-demographic factors shape preferences for specific barter
products.

Conclusions
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions can be derived:

1. Socio-Demographic Profile: The researchers successfully obtained respondents who were

appropriate for the study, representing a diverse range of age groups, genders, and marital
statuses. This ensures that the findings reflect the socio-demographic composition of the
population under study.
2. Barter Product Preferences: Clothing products were the most commonly given off
products and also highly desired for barter, indicating their significance in the local barter
economy. Plants were also frequently given off and desired. Groceries were the most desired
products for bartering, emphasizing their importance during the pandemic. These findings
highlight the prominence of clothing products, plants, and groceries in barter transactions in
Santa Catalina.
3. Relationship between Socio-Demographic Profile and Product Preferences: The chi-square
test of independence revealed a significant relationship between respondents' socio-demographic
profiles and their product preferences for bartering. Different age groups, genders, marital
statuses, and household sizes exhibited varying preferences for specific barter products. Younger
respondents preferred clothing products and plants, while older age groups showed a higher
preference for groceries. Females had a higher preference for clothing products and groceries,
while males leaned towards clothing products and plants. Unmarried individuals favored
clothing products and groceries, whereas married respondents leaned towards plants and
groceries. Household size also played a role, with smaller households preferring clothing
products and groceries, and larger households showing a preference for clothing products and
 11

plants. These findings indicate that socio-demographic factors significantly influence the choice
of barter products.

Recommendation:
Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the following recommendations can be
made:
1. Targeted Marketing: Develop targeted marketing strategies based on the identified preferences
of different socio-demographic groups. Consider tailoring marketing messages and promotions
to appeal specifically to the preferences of each group, such as highlighting the convenience and
variety of groceries for older age groups or emphasizing the fashion and style aspects of clothing
products for younger respondents.
2.Product Assortment: Prioritize the availability and variety of clothing products, plants, and
groceries in the barter economy. Focus on sourcing and offering a wide range of these products
to meet the high demand and preferences of the respondents.
3.Community Engagement: Engage with the local community to foster a vibrant barter economy.
Organize events or platforms where individuals can exchange or trade their preferred products.
This can include clothing swap events, plant exchanges, or community gardens where people can
share their surplus produce.
4.Education and Awareness: Conduct educational campaigns to raise awareness about the
benefits of bartering and how it can fulfill specific needs. Highlight the advantages of
exchanging clothing products, plants, and groceries in terms of cost savings, sustainability, and
community building. Encourage individuals to explore the barter economy as an alternative
means of obtaining desired products while reducing waste and promoting local connections.

Acknowledgment

We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to our research adviser, Mr. Christopher
U. Bantog, for his expertise, guidance, and unwavering support throughout this research
project. We are also grateful to our Dean, Ms. Mayuan T. Calijan, for her encouragement and
provision of necessary resources. Additionally, we extend our appreciation to Negros Oriental
State University, our parents, respondents, friends, classmates, and the institutions involved for
their contributions, belief in us, and assistance in overcoming challenges. Without their support,
this research would not have been possible, and for that, we are sincerely thankful.
 12

REFERENCES
Assens, C. (2021). History of Social Networks: From the Era of Bartering to the Collaborative
Economy. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 23(5).
https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v23i5.4562
Bakshi, K. (2019, November 14). WHY BARTER SYSTEM IS STILL RELEVANT TODAY?
Www.linkedin.com. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-barter-system-still-relevant-
today-kapil-bakshi
Intuit MintLife. (2020, August 26). Guide to the Barter Economy & the Barter System History.
MintLife Blog. https://mint.intuit.com/blog/personal-finance/guide-to-the-barter-
economy-the-barter-system-history/
JAPAN, N. W. (2020, November 19). Spreading Kindness: Online Barter in the Philippines -
Asia Insight - TV | NHK WORLD-JAPAN Live & Programs. NHK WORLD-JAPAN.
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/asiainsight/20201113/2022316/
Mint. (2020, August 26). Guide to the Barter Economy & the Barter System History. MintLife
Blog. https://mint.intuit.com/blog/personal-finance/guide-to-the-barter-economy-the-
barter-system-history/
Moxey. (2020, June 7). Barter: The Overlooked Hero of the Economy - Moxey - Money with the
X factor. Moxey Website. https://www.moxeyusa.com/blog/barter-the-overlooked-hero-
of-the-economy
Palicte, C. (2022, September 19). Latest News | Philippine News Agency. Www.pna.gov.ph.
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles
Tan, M. (2020, September 2). Nike for chicken: Bartering soars in coronavirus-hit Philippines.
Www.aljazeera.com. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/2/nike-for-chicken-
bartering-soars-in-coronavirus-hit-philippines
 13

CORRESPONDING AUTHORS

Author(s):
Anna Mae C. Remanoque1
1
College of Business Administration
Negros Oriental State University
Bayawan City, Negros Oriental, Philippines
annaremanoque@gmail.com
Jehara Jane D. Menoza2
2
College of Business Administration
Negros Oriental State University
Bayawan City, Negros Oriental, Philippines
jehara.77@gmail.com
Ana Liza K. Tubat3
3
College of Business Administration
Negros Oriental State University
Bayawan City, Negros Oriental, Philippines
analiza.tubat20@gmail.com
Analy C. Agad4
4
College of Business Administration
Negros Oriental State University
Bayawan City, Negros Oriental, Philippines
analy31.1989@gmail.com
 14

APPENDICES
(For the Journal Article)

APPENDIX 1: Sample Survey Letter

Dear Respondents,

We are the graduating students of Bachelor of Science in Business

Administration Major in Human Resource Development Management (BSBA
– HRDM) at Negros Oriental State University, Bayawan - Sta. Catalina
Campus. We are currently conducting a business research on the Barter
Preferences of Barter players in Santa Catalina, Negros Oriental, in partial
fulfillment of the requirements of the BSBA program for SY 2022-2023.
In connection to this, may we ask a little of your time to answer our survey
questions using the Google form.
Herewith is the link for the survey questionnaire:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdtOY3wNFnENnztzGbKh79W-
TvPuW35woB-2KA-NuhlE6vJJw/viewform?usp=sf_link

We assure you that the data gathered will be used solely for the purpose of the
study. If you have any questions or concerns, you may contact our research
leader through this cell phone number 0969-073-6276. Your participation is
completely voluntary.
Thank you very much!

Respectfully yours,

ANNA MAE REMANOQUE JEHARA JANE MENOZA

Research Leader Co-Researcher
ANA LIZA TUBAT ANALY AGAD
Co-Researcher Co-Researcher

Noted by:
CHRISTOPHER U. BANTOG, LPT, REB, REA MBA MAYUAN T. CALIJAN, MBA
Adviser Dean
Appendix 2. Survey Questionnaire
 15

Part I. Socio Demographic Profile

Age:
 18-25
 26-35
 36-45
 46-55
 56 and above
Gender:
 Male
 Female
 LGBTQ+
 Rather not tell
Marital status:
 Unmarried
 Married
 Widowed
Household size:
 1-3
 4-6
 7-10
Part II. Product Preference
1. What products do you usually give off as barter?
 Plants
 Jewelry
 Groceries
 Clothing products
 Other, please specify: ____________________
2. What products do you want to receive as barter?
 Plants
 Jewelry
 Groceries
 Clothing products
 Other, please specify: _____________________
 16

Appendix 3. Research Locale

Map of Santa Catalina, Negros Oriental

Appendix 4. Theoretical Framework

System Approach Theoretical Framework

 17

Appendix 5. Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Profile of the respondents 1. Data collection of To determine the Barter
according to: respondents’ profile. Preferences of barter players in
Santa Catalina
a. Age; 2. Conducting surveys and
administering questionnaire and
b. Sex;
interviews.
c. Address;
3. Compilation and organization
What are the product of respondents’ responses.
preferences of the barter
4. Analysis and interpretation of
players, based on: products?
the data gathered.
Is there a significant difference
between the respondent’s
product preference and their
socio-demographic profile?

FEEDBACK

Evaluate the significance of barter preferences to the players.

IPO model of conceptual framework
 18

APPENDICES FOR THE MANUSCRIPT

SIMILARITY INDEX REPORT

 19

RA 9299 June 25,2004

Republic of the Philippines
NEGROS ORIENTAL STATE
UNIVERSITY
Bayawan- Sta. Catalina
Campus Bayawan City
E-mail Address:
cbabayawan@gmail.com College of
Business Administration

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY

I, ANNA MAE C. REMANOQUE, hereby submit my research paper entitled BARTER

PREFERENCES OF BARTER PLAYERS IN SANTA CATALINA and truthfully
declare that the paper is a product of my original research investigation. To the best of
my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by
another person nor does it include contents that are falsified or fabricated. I also sought
permission from the copyright owner to use text, illustrations, and, or framework
substantively used in the paper. I understand that should the Negros Oriental State
University represented by its Administrators and Faculty eventually discover that my
attestations herein are not so, I accept the right of the University to impose the appropriate
sanctions including the non-granting of the degree, if so warranted.

ANNA MAE C. REMANOQUE (06-16-2023)

Complete Name and Signature/Date

 20

RA 9299 June 25,2004

Republic of the Philippines
NEGROS ORIENTAL STATE
UNIVERSITY
Bayawan- Sta. Catalina
Campus Bayawan City
E-mail Address:
cbabayawan@gmail.com College of
Business Administration

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY

I, JEHARA JANE D. MENOZA, hereby submit my research paper entitled BARTER

PREFERENCES OF BARTER PLAYERS IN SANTA CATALINA, NEGROS
ORIENTAL and truthfully declare that the paper is a product of my original research
investigation. To the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously
published or written by another person nor does it include contents that are falsified or
fabricated. I also sought permission from the copyright owner to use text, illustrations,
and, or framework substantively used in the paper. I understand that should the University
of San Carlos represented by its Administrators and Faculty eventually discover that my
attestations herein are not so, I accept the right of the University to impose the appropriate
sanctions including the non-granting of the degree, if so warranted.

JEHARA JANE D. MENOZA (06-16-2023)

Complete Name and Signature/Date

 21

RA 9299 June 25,2004

Republic of the Philippines
NEGROS ORIENTAL STATE
UNIVERSITY
Bayawan- Sta. Catalina
Campus Bayawan City
E-mail Address:
cbabayawan@gmail.com College of
Business Administration

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY

I, ANA LIZA TUBAT, hereby submit my research paper entitled BARTER

PREFERENCES OF BARTER PLAYERS IN SANTA CATALINA, NEGROS
ORIENTAL and truthfully declare that the paper is a product of my original research
investigation. To the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously
published or written by another person nor does it include contents that are falsified or
fabricated. I also sought permission from the copyright owner to use text, illustrations,
and, or framework substantively used in the paper. I understand that should the University
of San Carlos represented by its Administrators and Faculty eventually discover that my
attestations herein are not so, I accept the right of the University to impose the appropriate
sanctions including the non-granting of the degree, if so warranted.

ANA LIZA TUBAT (06-16-2023)

Complete Name and Signature/Date

 22

RA 9299 June 25,2004

Republic of the Philippines
NEGROS ORIENTAL STATE
UNIVERSITY
Bayawan- Sta. Catalina
Campus Bayawan City
E-mail Address:
cbabayawan@gmail.com College of
Business Administration

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY

I, ANALY AGAD, hereby submit my research paper entitled BARTER PREFERENCES

IN SANTA CATALINA, NEGROS ORIENTAL and truthfully declare that the paper is a
product of my original research investigation. To the best of my knowledge and belief, it
contains no material previously published or written by another person nor does it include
contents that are falsified or fabricated. I also sought permission from the copyright
owner to use text, illustrations, and, or framework substantively used in the paper. I
understand that should the University of San Carlos represented by its Administrators and
Faculty eventually discover that my attestations herein are not so, I accept the right of the
University to impose the appropriate sanctions including the non-granting of the degree, if
so warranted.

ANALY AGAD (06-16-2023)

Complete Name and Signature/Date

 23

RA 9299 June 25,2004

Republic of the Philippines
NEGROS ORIENTAL STATE
UNIVERSITY
Bayawan- Sta. Catalina
Campus Bayawan City
E-mail Address:
cbabayawan@gmail.com College of
Business Administration

DECLARATION OF COMPETING INTEREST

I ANA LIZA TUBAT, declare that I have no known competing personal

relationships with any of the respondents or organizations involved in the study that
appear to influence the work to be conducted for my study. I will voluntarily declare an
approved plan for managing any potential conflicts of interest arising from that
involvement, if there is any.

ANA LIZA TUBAT (06-16-2023)

Complete Name and Signature/Date
 24

RA 9299 June 25,2004

Republic of the Philippines
NEGROS ORIENTAL STATE
UNIVERSITY
Bayawan- Sta. Catalina
Campus Bayawan City
E-mail Address:
cbabayawan@gmail.com College of
Business Administration

DECLARATION OF COMPETING INTEREST

I ANNA MAE C. REMANOQUE, declare that I have no known competing personal

relationships with any of the respondents or organizations involved in the study that
appear to influence the work to be conducted for my study. I will voluntarily declare an
approved plan for managing any potential conflicts of interest arising from that
involvement, if there is any.

ANNA MAE C. REMANOQUE (06-16-2023)

Complete Name and Signature/Date

 25

RA 9299 June 25,2004

Republic of the Philippines
NEGROS ORIENTAL STATE
UNIVERSITY
Bayawan- Sta. Catalina
Campus Bayawan City
E-mail Address:
cbabayawan@gmail.com College of
Business Administration

DECLARATION OF COMPETING INTEREST

I JEHARA JANE D. MENOZA, declare that I have no known competing personal

relationships with any of the respondents or organizations involved in the study that
appear to influence the work to be conducted for my study. I will voluntarily declare an
approved plan for managing any potential conflicts of interest arising from that
involvement, if there is any.

JEHARA JANE D. MENOZA (06-16-2023)

Complete Name and Signature/Date
 26

RA 9299 June 25,2004

Republic of the Philippines
NEGROS ORIENTAL STATE
UNIVERSITY
Bayawan- Sta. Catalina
Campus Bayawan City
E-mail Address:
cbabayawan@gmail.com College of
Business Administration

DECLARATION OF COMPETING INTEREST

I ANALY AGAD, declare that I have no known competing personal relationships

with any of the respondents or organizations involved in the study that appear to
influence the work to be conducted for my study. I will voluntarily declare an approved
plan for managing any potential conflicts of interest arising from that involvement, if
there is any.

ANALY AGAD (06-16-2023)

Complete Name and Signature/Date
 27

REFERENCES

Aljazeera. (2020, September 2). Nike for chicken: Bartering soars in coronavirus-hit Philippines.
Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/2/nike-for-chicken-bartering-soars-in-
coronavirus-hit-philippines
International Labor Organization. (2021). COVID-19 and the world of work: Impact and policy
responses. Retrieved from
https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/briefingnote/
wcms_767028.pdf
MARKETPLACE. (2020, June 25). Online barter group: Community hot commodity. Retrieved
from https://www.marketplace.org/2020/06/25/online-barter-group-community-hot-commodity/
NHK World-Japan. (2020, November 13). Asia Insight: Philippines: COVID-19 and barter
economy. Retrieved from
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/asiainsight/20201113/2022316/
Philippine News Agency. (2020). PH unemployment rate rises to 10% in July 2020. Retrieved
from https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1103536
Statista Research Department. (2021). Philippines: Job loss from ECQ due to coronavirus
(COVID-19). Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1114414/philippines-job-loss-
from-ecq-due-to-coronavirus-covid-19/
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2020). The effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.
Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm
Wiley Online Library. (2020). Economic development and the socioeconomic impacts of
COVID-19: An introduction to the special issue. New Economics Journal, 23(3), 301-310.
https://doi.org/10.1111/nejo.12341
World Bank. (2021, March 4). How COVID-19 impacted vulnerable communities in the
Philippines. Retrieved from https://blogs.worldbank.org/eastasiapacific/how-covid-19-impacted-
vulnerable-communities-philippines
World Health Organization. (2020). COVID-19 and the world of work. Retrieved from
https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/statements-and-speeches/WCMS_757974/
lang--en/index.htm