VI\H GAO^IV LHO ZI^Y@I

VIOLKLKGHO JHBH^H KOLAOI^KH LK ^L

@ALYC

VI@JICHDHZHO JHBH^H KOLAOI^KH

LK ^L/@K

Lksusuo acib 4
LHZ@KO\A ( 292=55=52)

YOKUIZ^K\H^ \IZJYGH
YOK\ VZAMZH@ JICHDHZ DHZHG DHYB (YVJDD) @HCHOM
VAGDHZ OMHODYG @Y^K
\HBYO :6:6
 VI\H GAO^IV @ALYC =

@ALYC = 4 VI@JICHDHZHO
JHBH^H KOLAOI^KH LK ^L/@K

GJ.8 4 EAGY^ VI@JICHDHZHO

VI@JICHDHZHO JHBH^H GJ. : 4 @ALIC VI@JICHDHZHO
VI@JICHDHZHO JHBH^H
KOLAOI^KH KOLAOI^KH

N. \YDYHO LHO H. @ALIC

H. VI@JICHDHZH
VI@JICHDHZHO
O J. @ALIC
J. VI@JICHDHZH
VI@JICHDHZHO
O @HOEHH\ VI@JICHDHZHO
JHBH^H KOLAOI^KH VI@JICHDHZHO
JHBH^H KOLAOI^KH VI@JICHDHZHO JHBH^H KOLAOI^KH
LIOMHO EAGY^ JHBH^H KOLAOI^KH
LIOMHO EAGY^ JHBH^H KOLAOI^KH LIOMHO EAGY^
GI\IZH@VKCHO LIOMHO EAGY^
^H^\ZH LIOMHO LIOMHO GI\IZH@VKCHO
JIZJHBH^H ^H^\ZH
JIZJHMHK EAGY^ JIZJHBH^H

@ALYC =
VI@JICHDHZHO JHBH^H KOLAOI^KH LK ^L/@K

Gimkhtho Jichdhr
Jichdhr 8
Eagus Vi`jichdhrho Jhbhsh Kolaoiskh
H. Vi`jichdhrho
Vi`jichdhrho Jhbhsh Kolaoiskh Liomho Eagus Eagus Gitirh`pkcho
Gitirh`pkcho Jirjhbhsh
Jhbhsh Kolaoiskh sijhmhk jhbho piomhdhrho sinhrh mhrks jishr tirlkrk hths tkmh
ga`pao
ga` paoio,
io, yhktu,
yhktu, (8) gijhbh
gijhbhshho
shho,, (:) gi`h`p
gi`h`puho uho jirjhb
jirjhbhsh,
hsh, lho (>) gishstr
gishstrhho
hho..
Ga`pit
Ga` pitios
ioskk gijhbh
gijhbhshho
shho tirlkr
tirlkrkk hths luh hspig,
hspig, yhktu
yhktu (h) strugtu
strugturr gijhbh
gijhbhshho
shho yhom
yhom
`ickpu
`ic kputk
tk eaoaca
eaoacamk,
mk, `areac
`areacamk
amk,, skothg
skothgsks,
sks, si`hot
si`hotkg,kg, giwhnho
giwhnhoho,
ho, lho (j) gashgh
gashghth.
th.
Gi`h`p
h`puho jirjhbhsh tirlkrk hth hths i`pht hspig, yhktu (h) gi`h`puho
`ioliomhrgho/`ioyk`hg, (j) gi`h`puho `i`jhnh (giluh gi`h`puho kok jirskeht
risiptke),
risiptke), (n) gi`h`puho
gi`h`puho jirjknhrh, lho (l) gi`h`puhogi`h`puho `ioucks
`ioucks (giluh gi`h`puho
gi`h`puho
tirhg
tirhgbk
bkrr ko
kokk ji
jirsk
rskeht
eht pr
pral
alug
ugtk
tke)
e).. Lhch
Lhch`` prprhg
hgtk
tkg
g gaga`u
`uok
okgh
ghsk
sk yh
yhom
om oyoyht
hthh gi
gii`
i`ph
phtt
gitirh
gitirh`pk
`pkchocho tirsij
tirsijut
ut tklhg
tklhg jirlkr
jirlkrkk siolkr
siolkrkk `ichko
`ichkogho
gho `iruph
`iruphgho
gho pirphl
pirphluho
uho lhrk
lhrk
gii`phtoyh.
Lhch`
Lhc h` pi`jic
pi`jichdhhdhrho
rho liomho
liomho eaguseagus jirjhb
jirjhbhsh
hsh lhpht
lhpht lkeag
lkeagusg
usgho
ho chmk
chmk `iodhl
`iodhlkk
i`pht gimkhtho yhktu yhom lkeagusgho phlh gimkhtho h)`ioliomhrgho, j) jirjknhrh,
n)`i`jhnh hthu l) `ioucks. [hom lk`hgsul liomho pi`jichdhrho jhbhsh Kolaoiskh
liomho eagus
liomho eagus gitirh
gitirh`pk
`pkcho
cho jirjhb
jirjhbhsh
hsh hlhchb
hlhchb pi`jic
pi`jichdhr
hdhrho
ho jhbhsh
jhbhsh Kolaoi
Kolaoiskh
skh yhom
yhom
lktighogho phlh piomi`jhomho shchb shtu ga`pitiosk lhshr lho gii`pht gitirh`pkcho
jirjhbhsh yhom hlh. Lhch` chomghb-chomghb pi`jichdhrho si`uh gimkhtho jichdhr-
`iomhdhr jirtu`pu hthu jireagus phlh shchb shtu gitirh`pkcho jirjhbhsh yhom tichb
lktithpgho. Vi`kckbho ksk pi`jichdhrho biolhgoyh `i`pirbhtkgho grktirkh gitirphluho
jutkr-jutkr pi`jichdhrho yhom sisuhk liomho ga`pitiosk ga`uokghtke yhom sinhrh oyhth
hlh lhch` ga`uokghsk.
ga`uokghsk. @kshcoyh, pirphluho hothrh gitirh`pkcho `ioucks
`ioucks lho tiotuoyh
lkpircugho piomuhshho skswh hgho hspig gijhbhshho, `kshcoyh tiothom idhho, jiotugho
ghth, piommhjuomho ghck`ht, lho sijhmhkoyh.
Violightho
Violi ghtho pi`jichdhrho
pi`jichdhrho jhbhsh Kolaoiskh,
Kolaoiskh, sipirtk
sipirtk yhom lkmh`jhrgho
lkmh`jhrgho lk hths
`iruphgho
`irup hgho shchb shtu pioirhpho
pioirhpho piolightho
piolightho yhom
yhom lkmuohgho
lkmuohgho lhch` pi`jichdhrh
pi`jichdhrhoo
jhbhsh Kolaoiskh jirlhshrgho Gurkgucu` Jhbhsh Kolaoiskh \hbuo 8;;<, jhkg lk
Viol
Violklklkg
kgho
ho Lhshr
Lhshr (^L
(^L lh lho
o ^@V)
^@V) `hup
`hupuo
uo ^@H,
^@H, yh yhkt
ktu
u pi
piol
olig
ighth
htho
o ko
koti
timr
mrht
htke.
ke.
Viommuohho piolightho kotimrhtke kok lhpht lkckbht lhch` MJVV yhom tirlhpht lhch`

rh`ju-rh`
rh`ju- rh`ju
ju jutkr
jutkr : yhom
yhom jirjuo
jirjuoyk
yk –Lhch`
–Lhch` MJVV
MJVV kok,
kok, tuduho
tuduho gbusus
gbusus piomhd
piomhdhrho
hrho
lkshd
lkshdkg
kgho
ho lh
lhch`
ch` ga ga`p
`pao
aoio
io gi
gijh
jhbh
bhsh
shho
ho,, pi
pi`h
`hbh
bh`h
`ho,
o, lhlho
o pi
piom
ommu
muoh
ohho
ho.. Lhch
Lhch`
`
pichgshohho pi`jichdhrho, ga`paoio gijhbhshho, pi`hbh`ho lho piommuohho
lkshdkgho sinhrh tirphlu. Oh`uo, lhch` gimkhtho pi`jichdhrho lk gichs muru lhpht
`i`eagusgho phlh shchb shtu ga`paoio‐. Liomho li`kgkho, lhch` pi`jichdhrho lk
lhch` gichs muru lhpht `i`eagusgho phlh ga`paoio piommuohho, yhktu gitirh`pkcho
jirjhbhsh.

Acib
Acib ghrhrio
iohh gitir
itirh`
h`pk
pkch
cho
o jir
irj
jhbhs
hbhshh ktu
ktu hl
hlhh i`p
i`pht
ht,, `hghghh mur
uru
u lhphpht
ht
`i`eag
`i` eagusg
usgho
ho pi`jic
pi`jichdhr
hdhrho
ho phlh
phlh shchb
shchb shtu gitirh`
gitirh`pkc
pkcho,
ho, yhktu
yhktu `iolio
`ioliomhr
mhrgho
gho,,
jirjknhrh, `i`jhnh, hthu `i`aeagusgho phlh gitirh`pkcho `ioucks.

J. Vi`jichd
Vi`jichdhrho
hrho Jhbhsh
Jhbhsh Kolaoisk
Kolaoiskh
h Liomho Eagus
Eagus ^hstrh
^hstrh
Lhch`
Lh ch` gugurkrkgu
gucu
cu`
` :6
:66<
6< pi
pi`j
`jicichdh
hdhrh
rho
o shstr
shstrhh tklh
tklhg
g ji
jirl
rlkr
krkk siolk
siolkrk
rk,, ti
tith
thpk
pk
lkkotimrhskgho hthu lkphlugho liomho ga`pitiosk lhshr yhom chko, yhktu gitirh`pkcho
jirjhbhsh lho gijhbhshho. Gurkgucu` :66< yhom jirbujuomho liomho pi`jichdhrho
shstrh lk ^L gichs riolhb hlhchb (8) `ioliomhrgho laomiom, (:) `ioligch`hskgho
puksk hthu syhkr chmu lho `i`irhogho tagab laomiom lhch` pi`jichdhrho jirjknhrh, (>)
`i`jhnh piommhcho nirkth lho chko-chko, silhomgho uotug ^L gichs tkommk, `kshcoyh (8)
`ioliomhrgho pi`jhnhho tigs lrh`h, (:) `i`irhogho lrh`h piolig thoph tigs, (>)
`i`jhnh nirkth rhgyht, (<) `iomujhb puksk gi lhch` jiotug prash, lho chko-chko.
Vi`jic
Vi`jichdhr
hdhrho
ho jhbhsh
jhbhsh Kolaoi
Kolaoiskh
skh liomho
liomho eagus
eagus shstrh
shstrh jirhrtk
jirhrtk lhch`
lhch` chomgh
chomghb-
b-
chom
chomgh
ghbb pi
pi`j
`jicichdh
hdhrh
rhoo
ooyh
yh si`uh
si`uh gigimk
mkht
htho
ho jijich
chdh
dhr-`
r-`io
iomh
mhdhr
dhr lk
lkea
eagu
gusg
sgho
ho uo
uotu
tug
g
`iomhpriskhsk shstrh hph ciwht pi`jhnhho puksk, `ioliomhrgho nirkth rhgyht hthu yhom
chkooyh.

N. \uduho Lho
Lho @hoehht
@hoehht Vi`jichdhrho
Vi`jichdhrho Jhbhsh Kolaoiskh Liomho Jirjhmhk
Jirjhmhk Eagus
Eagus
Hlhpuo
Hlh puo tuduho
tuduho lho `hoehht
`hoehht pi`jic
pi`jichdh
hdhrho
rho jhbhsh
jhbhsh Kolaoi
Kolaoiskh
skh liomho
liomho jirjhm
jirjhmhk
hk
eagus
eagus tirsij
tirsijut
ut hlhchb
hlhchb hmhr
hmhr skswh
skswh lhpht
lhpht `io
`iomi`
mi`jho
jhomgh
mgho
o ga`pit
ga`pitios
ioskk `hoh
`hoh yhom
yhom
lktithpgho. Ghchu lkckbht lhrk simk muru, pi`jichdhrho jhbhsh Kolaoiskh liomho jirjhmhk
eagus kok jirtuduho uotug `i`ulhbgho muru lhch` `i`juht pirionhohho pi`jichdhrho
lk gichs.

Gimkhtho Jichdhr
Jichdhr :
@alic Vi`jichdhrho Jhbhsh Kolaoiskh
^hchb
^hchb shtu thbhp
thbhp yhom
yhom bhrus
bhrus lkti`p
lkti`pub
ub muru
muru sijicu
sijicu`
` `ichgsh
`ichgshohg
ohgho
ho gimkht
gimkhtho
ho
jichdhr `iomhdhr hlhchb `ioyusuo rionhoh pi`jichdhrho. Lhch` pi`jichdhrho Jhbhsh
Kolaoiskh (JK) `iourut Gurkgucu` :66< @hth Vichdhrho JK, < (i`pht) gitirh`pkcho
jirjhbhsh, yhktu `ioliomhrgho, jirjknhrh, `i`jhnh, lho `ioucks (lhch` gurkgucu`
:66< lksijut ga`pitiosk lhshr jirjhbhsh) bhrus `iolhpht pirbhtkho yhom sik`jhom lho
lkchgshohgho sinhrh tirphlu. Lk sh`pkom ktu, muru dumh bhrus `i`pirbhtkgho jhmhk`hoh
`i`hlugho i`pht gitirh`pkcho tirisijut liomho ga`pitiosk lhshr gijhbhshho lho
shstrh.
Gitirphluho pi`jichdhrho yhom lk`hgsul lhpht lkwudulgho lhch` luh nhrh,
yhgok gitirphluho liomho eagus gitirh`pkcho tirtiotu lho gitirphluho thoph eagus,
yhom jirhrtk gii`phtoyh lkpirchgugho sinhrh sik`jhom hthu sh`h, thoph hlh pioighoho
hmhr pichgshohho piomhdhrho jiohr-jiohr lhpht tirphlu hothrh gii`pht gitirh`pkcho
(ga`pitiosk
(ga`p itiosk lhshr), ga`pitiosk
ga`pitiosk lhshr gijhbhshho,
gijhbhshho, lho shstrh `hgh pirionhohho
pirionhohhooyh
oyh
bhrus tirphlu puch. Lk sh`pkom ktu, gitirphluho lhpht lkchgugho liomho `hth pichdhrho
chko (siohom lksijut tirphlu hothr jklhom stulk).
Yotug `ichgshohgho
`ichgshohgho pi`jichdhrho
pi`jichdhrho ga`pitiosk
ga`pitiosk lhshr `i`jhnh lk ^L, `i`jhnh
phlh gichs riolhb lho tkommk `i`kckgk tuduho yhom jirjilh. Vi`jichdhrho `i`jhnh
phlh gichs riolhb jirtuduho uotug `iomiohcgho burue, ghth, lho ghck`ht silirbhoh
phlh hohg. ^ilhomgho phlh gichs tkommk jirtuduho hmhr hohg `i`hbh`k hph yhom
lkjhnh (`i`jhnh pi`hbh`ho).
H. @ali
@alicc Vi`j
Vi`jicichd
hdhr
hrho
ho Jhbh
Jhbhsh
sh Ko
Kola
laoioisk
skh
h Liom
Liomho
ho Eagu
Eaguss Giti
Gitirh
rh`p
`pkc
kcho
ho
Jirjhbhsh
@alic pi`jichdhrho JK liomho eagus gitirh`pkcho jirjhbhsh jugho jirhrtk bhoyh
`iomhdhrgho shchb shtu dioks gitirh`pkcho jirjhbhsh shdh, hgho tithpk gitirh`pkcho
yhom `iodhlk eagus `iolhpht pioighoho jhbgho `iolhphtgho parsk whgtu yhom cijkb
lhrkk gitirh`
lhr gitirh`pkc
pkcho
ho chk
chko
o yhom
yhom tklhg
tklhg `iodhl
`iodhlkk eagus.
eagus. @alic-`
@alic-`ali
alicc jirkgu
jirkgutt kok bhoyh
bhoyh
`iruphgho naotab hctirohtke 4

8. @alic
@alic Vi`jichdh
Vi`jichdhrho
rho JK liomoh
liomoh Eagus
Eagus @ioliomh
@ioliomhrgho
rgho (@ioyk`
(@ioyk`hg)hg)
Lhch` `ioyusuo pirionhohho uotug gichs riolhb yhom pircu lkpirbhtgho hlhchb
ga
ga`p
`pit
itio
iosk
sk lh
lhshr
shr,, bh
bhsk
skcc ji
jich
chdhr
dhr yh
yhom
om lkbh
lkbhrh
rhpg
pgho
ho,, `hti
`htirk,
rk, ga
ga`p
`pit
itio
iosk
sk lh
lhshr
shr
gijhbh
gijhbhshho
shho,, ti`h,
ti`h, lho gitirp
gitirphlu
hluho
ho lhch`
lhch` pi`jic
pi`jichdhr
hdhrho,
ho, jhkg
jhkg tirphlu
tirphlu ckoths
ckoths
gurkgucu` jklhom (hothrjklhom stulk) lho tirphlu lhch` shtu jklhom stulk (sirkom

lksijut kotirjklhom stulk). Jirkgut hlhchb naotab `alic pi`jichdhrho `ioyk`hg

:. @alic
@alic Vi`jich
Vi`jichdhrh
dhrho
o JK liomho
liomho Eagus
Eagus Jirjknhr
Jirjknhrhh
Vi`jichdhrho
Vi`ji chdhrho JK liomho
liomho eagus
eagus jirjknhrh
jirjknhrh si`uh hgtkvkths pi`jichdhrho jirjknhrh
jirhomght, tirtudu, lho jirpuchom phlh gitirh`pkcho jirjknhrh. Hgtkvkths
gi
giti
tirh`
rh`pk
pkch
cho
o yh
yhom
om chko
chko,, uo
uokt
kt ga
ga`p
`pit
itio
iosk
sk lh
lhshr
shr gi
gijh
jhbh
bhsh
shho
ho,, lh
lho
o shstrh
shstrh yh
yhom
om
lkth`pkcgho sighlhr sijhmhk pioluguom jirdhchooyh sinhrh whdhr (hch`k) gimkhtho

pi`jichdhrho hmhr tklhg tirgisho ghgu lho hoib. Hlh bhc-bhc yhom pircu muru
pirbhtkgho lhch` pi`jichdhrho jirjknhrh, hothrh chko (h) suhshoh jichdhr lk sigachb
(lk gichs) lho (j) gimkhtho jirjknhrh. Virbhtkgho `alic pirionhohho jirkgut kok.
>. @alic
@alic Vi`jich
Vi`jichdhrh
dhrho
o JK liomho
liomho Eagus
Eagus @i`jhnh
@i`jhnh
@i`jh
@i` jhnh
nh `iru
`iruph
phgh
gho
o su
suhtu
htu pr
pras
asis
is uo
uotu
tug
g `i`h
`i`hbh
bh`k
`k `hgo
`hgohh suht
suhtu
u tu
tuck
cksho
sho..
Gi`h`puho `i`jhnh `iruphgho gi`h`puho yhom ga`pcigs yhom `iouotut girdh
sh`h hothrh sidu`chb gi`h`puho. ^ijhmhk naotab pirbhtkgho `alic pirionhohho
jirkgut kok.
<. @alic
@alic Vi`jich
Vi`jichdhrh
dhrho
o JK liomho
liomho Eagus
Eagus @ioucks
@ioucks
@ioucks
@iouc ks `iruphgho
`iruphgho suhtu nhrh `iomga`uo
`iomga`uokghskg
kghskgho
ho pisho sinhrh tirtucks
tirtucks giphlh
giphlh
pi`jhnh uotug tuduho tirtiotu (\raygh lhch` ^aiskca, 8;;9 488). Lhch` Gurkgucu`
:66<, pi`jichdhrho `ioucks lknhotu`gho sinhrh igspckskt sijhmhk ga`pitiosk lhshr
jirjhbhsh. Vi`jichdhrho `ioucks lhpht lkchgugho liomho `i`eagusgho ncho tklhg
liomho
liomh o pi`eagusho
pi`eagusho.. Oh`uo li`kgkho,
li`kgkho, giluhoyh
giluhoyh tithp lkhdhrgho
lkhdhrgho sinhrh kotimrhtil
liomho ga`pit
liomho ga`pitios
ioskk lhshr
lhshr jirjhb
jirjhbhsh
hsh yhom
yhom chk
chko,
o, yhktu
yhktu jirjkn
jirjknhrh
hrh,, `ioyk`
`ioyk`hg,
hg, lho
`i`jhnh,
`i`jh nh, sirth ga`pitiosk
ga`pitiosk lhshr gijhbhshho.
gijhbhshho. \uduho hgbkr pi`jichdhrho
pi`jichdhrho `ioucks
`ioucks
hlhchb hmhr skswh `h`pu `iomigspriskgho lho `iommioirhckshskgho piomithbuho,
piomhch`ho, sirth gi`h`puhooyh lhch` tucksho.
J. @alic
@alic Vi`jichdhrh
Vi`jichdhrho o Jhbhsh Kolaoiskh
Kolaoiskh Liomho
Liomho Eagus
Eagus ^hstrh
^hstrh
Vi`jichdhrho shstrh lk ^L/@K jirlhshrgho Gurkgucu` :66< sinhrh igspckskt tklhg
jirlkrk siolkrk, hgho tithpk tirkotimrhsk (tirphlu liomho ga`pitiosk lhshr hthu
gitirh`pkcho jirjhbhsh lho ga`pitiosk lhshr gijhbhshho). \iark-tiark shstrh lk ^L/@K
lkhdhrgho
lkhdhrgho liomho pirsiothsi
pirsiothsi yhom shomht ginkc, pi`jichdhrho cijkb phlh `iokg`htk
ghryh shstrh.
^hstrh `i`kckgk ti`pht gbusus lhch` pirgi`jhomho hohg. Ghryh shstrh, yhom
lkjhnhgho hohg-hohg lhch` suhshoh yhom pioub gibhomhtho lho phlh gisi`phtho yhom
tipht, lhpht `iruphgho whbhoh jhmk `irigh `i`pichdhrk luokh sigkthroyh. (Tunblk, L.
lho Julkhskb, 8;;= 4 =9)