CARLOS HILADO MEMORIAL STATE COLLEGE

Talisay City, Negros Occidental

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

“Effectiveness of Pomelo (Citrus

maxima) extract as an alternative rust

(Fe2O3) Remover”

Researchers:

Hussel Joshua Anni

Lovely May Guilaran

Joeharra Paisan

Joshua Martin Serrano

John Paul Tipdas

Glory Grace Yap

 CARLOS HILADO MEMORIAL STATE COLLEGE
Talisay City, Negros Occidental
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

CHAPTER I

Background of the Study

People want their clothes to look neat and presentable when

they are on work, in school, or even just at home. We cannot

deny the truth that most of us do not want our garments to be

stained especially the white ones. The sad part is that we

cannot avoid getting stained accidentally in some instances

anywhere we go and whatever we do. Stains on our clothes make us

feel uncomfortable and cause us to be irritated. There are

stains that can simply be removed and there are strong stains

that require certain kind of cleaning agent for it to be

removed.

As the years went by, scientists discovered and made

cleaning products like laundry detergents, soaps and bleaches

that emerged in the market which have been useful and convenient

to us in washing the dirt on clothes. After these products have

been brought up in our economy, a lot of manufacturers are

producing and developing the same output until now. These

products are highly in demand to the consumers which plays an

 CARLOS HILADO MEMORIAL STATE COLLEGE
Talisay City, Negros Occidental
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

important part in our washing activities. Due to the constant

inflating rate that our country is experiencing, the price of

these products is also increasing. This causes the researchers

to find an alternative solution which is more convenient in

removing stains.

There are number of researches that found out to be

effective in removing stains instead of using bleach product by

making use of organic plants within the community. Fruits

contain with citric acid are known to have an active bleaching

agent in washing white clothes, such as lemon, lime, orange and

tangerine, which are now practicing by some people.

With the alternative sources of bleaching agent from citric

acid fruits found within the community, pomelo is one of the

abundant fruit. The Researchers are going to use pomelo in the

study in determining the effectiveness of it on white clothes as

a stain remover.
 CARLOS HILADO MEMORIAL STATE COLLEGE
Talisay City, Negros Occidental
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the

Pomelo (Citrus Maxima) as Stain Remover.

Specifically, this study seeks answers to the following

questions:

1. Is pomelo extract effective in removing rust stain?

2. How long does it take to remove the rust stain if it is

effective?

3. How much pomelo extract is needed for the stain to be

removed?
 CARLOS HILADO MEMORIAL STATE COLLEGE
Talisay City, Negros Occidental
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Hypotheses

1. There is no significant effect of using pomelo extract as an

alternative rust remover.

2. There is no significant difference in terms of the amount of

usage of pomelo extract as rust remover.

3. There is no significant difference in the duration of time in

removing the rust using pomelo extract.

 CARLOS HILADO MEMORIAL STATE COLLEGE
Talisay City, Negros Occidental
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Conceptual Framework

Input process output

Testing the fruit

extract from the
pomelo used to
Nature of the substitute to the
pomelo other chemicals and Effectiveness of
if it is effective as pomelo extract as
Effective method of an alternative rust
extracting the rust remover
(Fe2O3) remover
pomelo fruit Testing the
effectivity of
pomelo as rust
remover

Figure 1.1

Paradigm of the concepts of the researcher from input,

process and to the output of the researchers, it provides the

researcher’s overview of the process, the testing and the output

to the people who will use it from the input, process, and to

the output of the research. The citrus and the nature of the
 CARLOS HILADO MEMORIAL STATE COLLEGE
Talisay City, Negros Occidental
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Pomelo will serve as the primarily source of the

information of the said experiment and will serve input. As

experiment is conducted, the effectiveness of Pomelo as rust

remover will be tested and validated. The experiment will

produce an effective Pomelo extract as rust remover.

 CARLOS HILADO MEMORIAL STATE COLLEGE
Talisay City, Negros Occidental
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study was to determine the effectiveness of the Pomelo

(Citrus Maxima) fruit extract as rust (Fe2So4) remover. Only

Pomelo fruit extract will be used in the study and will be

applied specifically on white cloth. The unripe Pomelo fruit

will be used in removing the rust stain coming from rusted steel

that was applied on the white clothes.

 CARLOS HILADO MEMORIAL STATE COLLEGE
Talisay City, Negros Occidental
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Significance of the Study

This study will benefit the people by producing an

alternative stain removal using Pomelo (Citrus maxima). The

discovery of the potential of Pomelo (Citrus maxima) as a stain

remover will be a breakthrough and will contribute additional

knowledge in the field of molecular biology. This will give way

for immediate solution and response to the problem involving

rust.

This study is significant to the following sectors: to the

students, to the researchers, to the community, and to the

detergent industry.

Students. This study will help the students to have an idea

on how effective Pomelo is as an alternative rust remover.

Researchers. This study will provide knowledge for

researchers to have a biological study on various plants as an

effective rust remover for home use.

To the community. The study will contribute to the

community’s knowledge in using organic citrus substances in

 CARLOS HILADO MEMORIAL STATE COLLEGE
Talisay City, Negros Occidental
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

their daily laundry. This will benefit the community by

decreasing the cost and expenditures particularly on rust

removal solutions by providing a much cheaper alternative.

To the detergent industry. This study impacts the detergent

industry progressively by providing innovative information about

Pomelo extracts having rust removal properties. The results

obtained by the researchers will benefit this sector by

incorporating the new knowledge into their detergent formula.

 CARLOS HILADO MEMORIAL STATE COLLEGE
Talisay City, Negros Occidental
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Definition of Terms:

Pomelo- the largest of the citrus fruits, with a thick yellow

skin and bitter pulp that resembles grapefruit in flavor.

Stain- mark (something) with colored patches or dirty marks that

are not easily removed

Rust- a reddish- or yellowish-brown flaky coating of iron oxide

that is formed on iron or steel by oxidation, especially in the

presence of moisture.

Remover- is a substance that you use for removing an unwanted

stain, mark, or coating from a surface.

Citrus- a tree of a genus that includes citron, lemon, lime,

orange, and grapefruit. Native to Asia, citrus trees are widely

cultivated in warm countries for their fruit, which has juicy

flesh and a pulpy rind.

Cloth- woven or felted fabric made from wool, cotton, or a

similar fiber.
 CARLOS HILADO MEMORIAL STATE COLLEGE
Talisay City, Negros Occidental
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

POMELO

Citrus maxima, the pomelo (also called pummelo or shaddock)

in the Rutaceae (citrus family). It is a medium-sized tree but

the largest of all Citrus species, with large leaves, flowers,

and fruits. The species is native to southern China and Malaysia

(and possibly other parts of southeast Asia), and is now

cultivated in many tropical and semi-tropical countries for its

large fruits. This species was a progenitor of the grapefruit

(C. X paradisi) and the tangelo (C. reticulata), among other

modern citrus hybrids. Pomelos are often confused with

grapefruits, from which they can generally be distinguished by

their larger size, thicker rinds, milder—even sweet—flavor, and

tough bitter membranes that are often considered inedible.

The C. maxima tree, which is the most cold-intolerant citrus

species, has a rounded crown and grows 5 to 15 m (15 to 50 ft)

tall. The tree has large evergreen oblong to elliptic leaves,

10.5 to 20 cm (4 to 8 in) long, with winged petioles (leaf

stems). The flowers and fruits are borne singly, in contrast to

grapefruits (C. X paradisi), in which they grown in clusters of

2 to 20. The fruits, which vary from round to pear-shaped and

 CARLOS HILADO MEMORIAL STATE COLLEGE
Talisay City, Negros Occidental
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

ripen to yellow, orange, or red, are large--30 cm or more in

diameter, and weighing up to 9 kg (20 lbs). The flesh of the

fruit, which may be greenish yellow, yellow, pink, or red, is

often juicy, and divided into 11 to 18 segments. The flavor is

sweet to somewhat acidic.

Like other citrus fruits, pomelos are high in vitamin C. They

are generally eaten as a fresh fruit, and they store well. They

have long been popular in Asia, especially China, Indonesia, and

Thailand, but are increasingly found in specialty markets in the

U.S. as well. The juice is also used in various beverages (both

alcoholic and non), and the peel may be candied. Traditional

medicinal uses of the fruit include treatment of coughs, fevers,

and gastrointestinal disorders. The aromatic flowers are picked

and processed into perfume in Vietnam, and the wood, which is

heavy and hard-grained, used for making tool handles.(Bailey et

al. 1976, Morton 1987, van Wyk 2005.)

CARLOS HILADO MEMORIAL STATE COLLEGE
Talisay City, Negros Occidental
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION