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文章编号: 1 0 0 1  ̄ 63 2 5 ( 2 0 1 8 ) 0 9  ̄ 12 2 4  ̄ 07 研究论文
牛磺熊去氧胆酸减轻 2 型糖尿病小鼠肝细胞凋亡
张 换ꎬ 王志鹏ꎬ 窦 娜ꎬ 吴 静ꎬ 李 兰ꎬ 门秀丽 ∗
( 华北理工大学 基础医学院 唐山市慢性病临床基础研究重点实验室ꎬ 河北 唐山 063210)
ZHANG Huanꎬ WANG Zhi ̄pengꎬ DOU Naꎬ WU Jingꎬ LI Lanꎬ MEN Xiu ̄li ∗
( Key Laboratory of Clinical Basic Research on Chronic Diseases in Tangshanꎬ School of Basic Medical Sciencesꎬ
North China University of Science and Technologyꎬ Tangshan 063210ꎬ China)
Abstract: Objective To observe the effect of tauroursodeoxycholic acid ( TUDCA) on hepatocytes apoptosis of
spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus db / db mice and to explore its mechanism. Methods db / db and db / m ( lean)
mice were randomly divided into control groups and TUDCA ̄treated groups.TUDCA 500 mg / kg / day was given by
gavage for 2 weeks in TUDCA ̄treated groups. The levels of fasting plasma glucose ( FPG) and fasting insulinin ser ̄
um of malondialdehyde ( MDA) ꎬ reactive oxygen species ( ROS) and superoxide dismutase ( SOD) in liver tissue
were measured. Lipid deposition in liver tissue was detected by Oil red O staining. Hepatocytes apoptosis in liver
tissue was examined by TUNEL method. The transcription and expression levels of C ̄JUN and XBP ̄1 in liver tis ̄
sue were examined by real ̄time PCR and Western blot method. The morphology and ultrastructure changes
of liver tissue were observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Results Compared with
lean control groupꎬ the levels of FPGꎬ aminotransferaseꎬ MDA and ROS increasedꎻ the expression level of
C ̄JUN and XBP ̄ 1 was upregulatedꎻ lipid droplets and apoptosis of hepatocytes were significantly increased in
db / db control group( P < 0 05) . Compared with db / db control groupꎬ the level FPGꎬ aminotransferaseꎬ MDA
and ROS were decreasedꎻ the expression of C ̄JUN and XBP ̄ 1 was down regulatedꎻ lipid droplets and apoptosis
of hepatocytes were significantly decreasedin db / db TUDCA ̄treated group( P < 0 05) . Conclusions TUDCA can
alleviate hepatic damage of type 2 diabetes mellitus db / db mice by inhibiting hepatocytes apoptosis. Its
mechanism may be related to inhibit oxidative stress reactionꎬ and down regulating the expression of C ̄JUN and
XBP ̄ 1 gene.
Key words: tauroursodeoxycholic acidꎻ apoptosisꎻ hepatic damageꎻ type 2 diabetes mellitusꎻ db / db mice
2 型糖尿病( type 2 diabetes mellitusꎬ T2DM) 是 vertAid TM First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit ( Fermentas
一种严重威胁人类健康的代谢性疾病ꎮ 近年来发病 公司 ) ꎻ Trans2K Plus DNA Marker 和 2 × Easy Taq
率 呈 明 显 上 升 趋 势ꎬ 而 各 种 慢 性 并 发 症 是 造 成 PCR Super Mix ( 北京全式金生物技术有限公司) ꎻ
T2DM 患者死亡的主要原因ꎮ 以往的研究多集中在 SOD、MDA 和 ROS 试剂盒( 南京建成生物技术有限
糖尿病对心血管、视网膜、肾脏以及神经损伤的影 公司) ꎻTUNEL 细胞凋亡检测试剂盒( Roche 公司) ꎮ
响ꎬ而对于糖尿病肝损伤的研究较少ꎮ 研究表明:高 1 2 方法
糖、高脂可引起肝细胞损伤ꎬ并且这种肝损伤与氧化 1 2 1 动物分组及给药方式:将每种小鼠随机分成
应激反应和内质网应激反应增强有关ꎮ 细胞持续性 溶剂 对 照 组 和 TUDCA 处 理 组 ( 每 天 给 予 TUDCA
的内质网应激和氧化应激ꎬ通过激活 JNK 路径及诱 500 mg / kgꎬ早晚 8 点各 1 次ꎬ连续灌胃 2 周) ꎬ溶剂
导炎性反应ꎬ最后可导致细胞受损和凋亡 [1]
ꎮ 对照组采用同 样 方 法 给 予 相 同 体 积 的 PBS 溶 液ꎮ
牛 磺 熊 去 氧 胆 酸 ( tauroursodeoxycholic acidꎬ 观察动物变化ꎮ
TUDCA) 是一种结合型天然胆汁酸ꎬ广泛存在于人 1 2 2 样本采集和指标检测:小鼠饲养 2 周后ꎬ禁
和动物的胆汁中ꎬ作为参与蛋白质折叠的分子伴侣ꎬ 食 6 hꎬ腹主动脉取血ꎬ处死动物ꎬ留取血浆ꎬ按照试
可减轻内质网应激反应 [2]
ꎮ 但其对 2 型糖尿病肝损 剂盒说明书通过全自动生化分析仪检测定血糖和胰
伤的影响及相关机制的研究尚未见报道ꎮ 本研究通 岛素、ALT、ASTꎻ通过 ELISA 检测 MDA、ROS 和 SOD
过自 发 2 型 糖 尿 病 小 鼠 模 型 ( db / db 小 鼠) ꎬ 观 察 水平ꎮ
TUDCA 对 T2DM 小鼠肝细胞凋亡的影响ꎬ并探讨其 1 2 3 肝组织形态观察:每组取 5 只小鼠的部分肝
可能作用机制ꎮ 脏组织ꎬ于 10%甲醛中的肝脏组织经常规石蜡包埋
和切片ꎬ进行苏木精 ̄伊红( HE) 染色ꎬ光镜显微镜下
1 材料与方法
观察肝组织形态的变化及其胶原产生ꎮ 同样每组取
1 1 实验动物及试剂 5 只小鼠的部分肝脏组织ꎬ经常规冰冻切片ꎬ进行油
SPF 级 13 周龄雌性 db / db 小鼠和 db / m 小鼠各 红 O 染色ꎬ光学显微镜下观察病变的情况及其脂质
10 只ꎬ即 db / db 糖尿病小鼠和表型正常的 C57BL db / 含量变化ꎮ
m 小鼠( lepr - / m) ꎬ质量 18 ~ 24 g( 北京美森生物医 1 2 4 TUNEL 检测:每组取 5 只小鼠的部分肝脏
药科技有限公司:SCXK 京 2011 - 0012) ꎮ Trizol 试 组织标本用 OCT 包埋剂包埋后ꎬ进行冰冻切片ꎬ制
剂( Invitrogen 公 司) ꎻ 溴 酚 蓝 ( Solarbio 公 司) ꎻ Tris ̄ 成 4 μm 切片ꎬ以备进行 TUNEL 荧光染色ꎬ用 TdT
HCl( Fluka 公司) ꎻ小鼠胰岛素酶联免疫检测试剂盒 介导的 dUTP 缺口末端标记技术行 TUNEL 荧光染
( Linco 公司) ꎻ即用型免疫组织化学二步法试剂盒、 色ꎬ激光共聚焦显微镜下观察肝组织细胞凋亡ꎮ 另
山羊超敏二步法试剂盒和 DAB 显色试剂盒( 北京中 取部分肝脏组织于 10% 甲醛中的肝脏组织经常规
杉金桥生物技术有限公司) ꎻC ̄JUN 兔源多克隆抗体 石蜡包埋和切片ꎬ按照免疫组化试剂盒说明操作检
和 XBP ̄ 1 羊源多克隆抗体 ( Santa Cruz 公司) ꎻ Re ̄ 测肝组织 C ̄JUN、XBP ̄ 1 和 SOD 的表达ꎬ以酶作为
1226 基础医学与临床 Basic & Clinical Medicine 2018 38(9)
表1 空腹血糖变化
Table 1 Changes of fasting glucose( x±sꎬ n = 5)
∗
P<0 05 compared with lean controlꎻ #P<0 05 compared with db / db control.
2 3 肝组织中氧化应激相关因子的水平
与 lean 对照组相比ꎬdb / db 对照组小鼠肝组织中
MDA、ROS 含量显著增加ꎬSOD 活性明显降低ꎻ与 db /
db 对照组相比ꎬdb / db TUDCA 组小鼠肝组织 MDA 和
ROS 含量减少ꎬSOD 活性增加( P<0 05)ꎮ 给药前后
lean 小鼠肝组织上述指标变化无显著性差异(表 2)ꎮ
2 4 血浆 ALT 和 AST 测定
与 lean 对 照 组 相 比ꎬ db / db 对 照 组 小 鼠 血 浆
∗
P < 0 05 compared with lean controlꎻ # P < 0 05
ALT 升高( P < 0 05) ꎬAST 变化不明显ꎻ与 db / db 对
compared with db / db control
图1 胰岛素变化 照组相比ꎬdb / db TUDCA 组小鼠血浆 ALT、AST 明
Fig 1 Changes of insulin 显降低( P<0 05) ( 图 2ꎬ3) ꎮ
张换 牛磺熊去氧胆酸减轻 2 型糖尿病小鼠肝细胞凋亡 1227
∗
P < 0 05 compared with lean controlꎻ # P < 0 05
compared with db / db control
图2 血浆谷丙转氨酶的变化
Fig 2 Changes of alanine transaminase in plasma
A HE staining results of liver tissue in mice( × 100) ꎻ
B results of Oil red O staining in live tissues of mice
图4 小鼠肝组织形态学改变
Fig 4 Morphologic changes in hepatic tissue of
mice( ×100)
2 6 光镜和激光共聚焦荧光显微镜下观察肝细胞
凋亡
db / db 对 照 组 可 见 大 量 凋 亡 细 胞ꎬ 而 db / db
TUDCA 组则相对减轻ꎬ lean 小鼠偶见凋亡细胞( 图
P<0 05 compared with db / db control
#
5ꎬ6) ꎮ
图3 血浆谷草转氨酶的变化
Fig 3 Changes of aspartate transaminase in plasma
db / dbTUDCA 组 C ̄JUN 和 XBP ̄ 1 基因较 db / db 对 lean control 0 308±0 021 0 246±0 020 0 315±0 038
lean TUDCA 0 312±0 021 0 245±0 016 0 314±0 040
照组表达下调( P<0 05) ( 表 3) ꎮ
db / db control 0 380±0 032 ∗
0 301±0 010 ∗
0 228±0 017 ∗
db / db TUDCA 0 342±0 031 # 0 274±0 014 # 0 265±0 010 #
表3 肝组织 XBP ̄ 1 和 C ̄JUN mRNA 的相对水平
∗
P < 0 05 compared with lean controlꎻ # P < 0 05 compared with db / db
Table 3 mRNA relative levels of XBP ̄ 1 and C ̄JUN
control.
in hepatic tissue( x±sꎬn = 5)
group XBP ̄ 1 2 C ̄JUN 2
A expression of C ̄JUN protein in liver tissues of mice in each groupꎻ B expression of XBP ̄1 protein in liver tissues of mice
in each groupꎻ C expression of SOD protein in liver tissues of mice in each group
图7 小鼠肝组织 C ̄JUN、XBP ̄ 1、SOD 蛋白的表达
Fig 7 Protein expression of C ̄JUNꎬ XBP ̄ 1 and SOD in hepatic tissue of mice( ×200)
时 db / dbTUDCA 组 空 腹 血 糖、 胰 岛 素 水 平 和 转 氨 综上所述ꎬTUDCA 减轻 2 型 糖 尿 病 并 发 的 肝
酶得到明显 改 善ꎬ肝 脏 形 态 学 检 测 结 果 显 示 该 组 损凋亡ꎮ 能 改 善 2 型 糖 尿 病 的 胰 岛 素 抵 抗ꎬ 降 低
小鼠肝脏损伤明显减轻ꎬ均提示 TUDCA 能有效减 血糖ꎬ 从 而 减 轻 肝 脏 氧 化 应 激 反 应ꎬ 减 轻 细 胞
轻肝细胞凋亡和损伤ꎬ从而减轻肝损伤ꎮ 凋亡ꎮ
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