Sách Ielts Writing 2nd Edited

Greva Language School
46-48 Road No12, CityLand Park Hills, ward 10 Gò Vấp District, HCM City
MỤC LỤC
LỜI MỞ ĐẦU
PHẦN I: IELTS WRITING TASK 1
BÀI SỐ 1: DÀN BÀI CHUNG TASK 1 ................................................................................. 4

BÀI SỐ 2: MỞ BÀI VÀ TỔNG QUAN ................................................................................. 6
BÀI SỐ 3: CÁCH VIẾT PHẦN THÂN BÀI ....................................................................... 21
Dạng bài 1: Biểu đồ Đường .......................................................................................... 25
Dạng bài 2: Biểu đồ Cột ................................................................................................ 30
Dạng bài 3: Biểu đồ Tròn .............................................................................................. 32
Dạng bài 4: Bảng số liệu ............................................................................................... 33
Dạng bài 5: Biểu đồ kết hợp ......................................................................................... 33
Dạng bài 6: Quy trình ....................................................................................................34
Dạng bài 7: Bản đồ .........................................................................................................38
PHẦN II: IELTS WRIITNG TASK 2
BÀI SỐ 1: Giới thiệu về ielts writing task 2 ....................................................................... 43

BÀI SỐ 2: Advantages and disavantages ...........................................................................45
BÀI SỐ 3: Discuss both views .............................................................................................. 65
BÀI SỐ 4: Causes and solutions .......................................................................................... 82
BÀI SỐ 5: Agree or disagree .............................................................................................. 100
BÀI SỐ 6: Two-part question ............................................................................................. 126
1
LỜI MỞ ĐẦU
Kỹ năng viết trong phần thi IELTS writing có thể nói là một thử thách cho các thí
sinh vì đây không phải kiểu viết tự do mà là dạng viết học thuật. Tuy rằng bài thi
không kiểm tra bất cứ kiến thức chuyên môn nào của thí sinh nhưng thí sinh cần biết
cách trình bày ý tưởng của mình một cách hợp lý, mạch lạc, rõ ràng về mặt diễn đạt
ngôn ngữ.
Cuốn sách này được tổng hợp từ quá trình giảng dạy và kinh nghiệm luyện thi, đặc
biệt là kỹ năng viết của các giáo viên tại Trung tâm ngoại ngữ Greva. Cuốn sách tổng
hợp các cấu trúc cần thiết, cách trình bày các dạng bài trong IELTS writing Task 1 và
Task 2 cũng như hướng dẫn thí sinh cách triển khai ý tưởng theo hướng dễ tiếp cận
với các đề bài.
Các đề bài sử dụng trong sách là các đề thi thật từ các kỳ thi IELTS trong những năm
gần đây. Ngoài ra, các cấu trúc và từ vựng được tổng hợp từ các nguồn tham khảo
uy tín về chuyên mục luyện thi IELTS đảm bảo chất lượng của tài liệu.
Tất cả các ví dụ, bài mẫu, bài tập sử dụng trong sách đều được tổng hợp từ các bài
viết của học viên đã học tập tại trung tâm Ngoại ngữ Greva.
Cuốn sách được biên soạn bởi: giáo viên Vũ Nguyễn Kim Chi - tốt nghiệp khoa Ngữ
Văn Anh trường Đại học Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn chuyên ngành Ngôn ngữ và
Dạy tiếng cùng với sự tham vấn chuyên môn của giáo viên Phạm Nguyễn Tố Quyên
- tốt nghiệp Đại học Sư phạm Hà Nội chuyên ngành Sư phạm Anh với hơn 20 năm
giảng dạy và hơn 10 năm chuyên dạy kỹ năng viết học thuật.
Cuốn sách được sử dụng hiệu quả khi các bạn thí sinh thật sự tập trung cho việc
luyện thi IELTS và chăm chỉ ôn luyện từ vựng cũng như cấu trúc, kết hợp với kỹ
năng Reading để mở rộng vốn từ vựng trong các chủ đề và đa dạng được cách viết
các loại câu phức, câu ghép theo đúng văn phong học thuật.
Các bạn thí sinh hãy vạch ra mục tiêu rõ ràng, lên lộ trình học tập cho chính mình và
quyết tâm chinh phục kỹ năng đầy thử thách này.
1
PHẦN I
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GIỚI THIỆU VỀ IELTS WRITING TASK 1
Phần thi IELTS Writing bao gồm 2 Task. Trong đó, Task 1 tập trung vào việc miêu tả
biểu đồ, số liệu và sự thay đổi qua các xu hướng. Độ dài tối thiểu cho bài viết Task 1
là 150 từ (nên viết từ 170-180 từ, không nên viết quá 200 từ).
Do phần thi Task 1 chỉ chiếm 1/3 tổng số điểm của phần thi Writing, chỉ nên dành tối
đa 20 phút cho phần này.
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BÀI SỐ 1: DÀN BÀI CHUNG TASK 1
Hãy xác định tên của các biểu đồ sau và điền vào ô trống
2 3
4
1
7 8
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II. BỐ CỤC BÀI VIẾT
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BÀI SỐ 2: MỞ BÀI VÀ TỔNG QUAN

(INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW)
A. CÁCH VIẾT MỞ BÀI
Câu mở đầu trong đoạn văn đầu cần phải đưa ra thông tin bảng biểu mô tả về cái gì,
thời gian, địa điểm liên quan đến đối tượng được mô tả đó. Mở bài cho Task 1 cần
được viết ngắn gọn và dễ hiểu. Viết lại câu hỏi đề bài bằng từ đồng nghĩa là cách dễ
dàng nhất có thể áp dụng.
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B. CÁCH VIẾT PHẦN TỔNG QUAN
Tổng quan có vai trò đặc biệt quan trọng trong Task 1, cho thấy người viết có cái
nhìn bao quát, rút ra được những thông tin nổi bật và quan trọng nhất của biểu đồ
trước khi đi sâu vào chi tiết.
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III. Các cấu trúc cần thiết

*** Cấu trúc mô tả trends (xu hướng)
Bắt đầu Liên kết
Luôn bắt đầu phần tổng quan bằng các từ hoặc Tùy vào mối liên hệ giữa 2 mệnh đề mà chọn từ
cụm từ: Overall = In general liên kết phù hợp:
 Câu 1:  It is clear/ evident/ obvious that + S + V
What stands out from the chart is that……..  However,
 Câu 2:  In additon,
It is also noted that …….  Likewise = Similarly,
Tăng Giảm
S + undergo/see/experience an upward trend/ an S + undergo/see/experience an downward trend/ a
increase/ a rise + time decline/ a fall + time
VD: Car users in the US underwent an upward VD: Car users in the US saw a decline from 1960
trend from 1960 to 2010 to 2010
S + increase/ rise + adv + number + time period S + decrease/ fall+ adv + number + time period
VD: GM car sales increased significantly between VD: GM car sales fall remarkably between 1960
1960 and 2010. and 2010.
Liên kết 2 câu tăng - giảm
Đối tượng X experience an increase while the opposite trend + be true for đối tượng Y
*** Cấu trúc dự đoán
Predictions
Expectations show
that + đối tượng + will + V
Anticipations express
Forecasts
VD: Anticipations express that the average life expectancy will increase to 75 in 2050.
predicted
expected
It is that + đối tượng + will + V
anticipated
forecasted
VD: It is forecasted that the amount of sustainable energy will increase to nearly 74% in 2025.
*** Cấu trúc mô tả so sánh (ranking)
Cao nhất Thấp nhất
Đối tượng X + make up the biggest part of the chart Đối tượng X + make up the smallest part of the chart
VD: Construction made up the largest part of the chart. VD: Healthcare made up the largest part of the chart.
Đối tượng X + be the largest segment of the …. Đối tượng X + be the lowest segment of the …..
VD: Construction was the largest part of the economy Construction was the lowest segment of the economy
Đối tượng X contribute the most to the ….. Đối tượng X contribute the least to the ……
VD: Clothing contributed the most to the expenditure. VD: Clothing contributed the least to the expenditure.
Đối tượng X + be the most popular + N + …. Đối tượng X + be the least favourable + N + ….
VD: Cell phones are the most popular devices used to VD: Cell phones are the least favourable devices
access the internet. used to access the internet.
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C. THỰC HÀNH
Viết mở bài và tổng quan cho các đề bài sau đây
1. The line graph shows the percentage of New Zealand population from 1950 to
2050. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and
make comparisons where relevant.
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2. The chart below gives information about the age of women in Australia when
they give birth to their first child in 1966, 1986 and 2006. Summarize the information
by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
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3. The charts show the main methods of transport of people travelling to one
university in 2004 and 2009.
Summarize the information be selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
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4. The table below shows the percentages of individuals under the age of 18 and
over 60 in California, Utah, and Florida, as well as their average annual income and
impoverished population. Summarize the information be selecting and reporting the
main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
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5. The graphs below show the cinema attendance in Australia and the average
cinema visits by different age groups from 1996 to 2000. Summarize the information
by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
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DẠNG BÀI PROCESS
Có 2 dạng bài
Các cấu trúc cần thiết
15
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6. The diagram below shows how ethanol fuel is produced from corn. Summarize
the information be selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
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DẠNG BÀI MAP
Có 2 dạng bài:
 miêu tả 1 bản đồ (ít gặp trong đề thi)
 miêu tả 2 bản đồ (phổ biến hơn)
Cách sử dụng thì
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Các cấu trúc cần thiết
*** Mở bài
 The maps illustrate how + đối tượng + changed after some developments + thời
gian
VD: The maps illustrates how the front beach area changed after some developments
over 20 years.
 The diagram describes a number of changes which took place in + đối tượng +
thời gian
VD: The diagram describes a number of changes which took place in the front beach
area between 2000 and 2020.
 The drawing demonstrates changes in the layout of + đối tượng
VD: The drawing demonstrates change in the layout of the beach front area in the 20
year period.
 The provided maps depict modifications made to the layout of + đối tượng
VD: The provided maps depict modifications made to the layout of the beach front
area in the 20 year period.
*** Tổng quan
Nếu có nhiều sự thay đổi ở cơ sở hạ tầng, có thể dùng luôn câu sau cho các loại bản
đồ nói chung.
 Overall, what stands out from the maps is that the city has been renovated
extensively with the addition, replacement and relocation of various facilities
over the given period.
Nếu chỉ có 1 sự thay đổi lớn, còn lại giữ nguyên, có thể chia làm 2 câu.
 Câu 1: Overall, the most striking change is that + đối tượng cũ + have/has been
cleared to make room for + đối tượng mới.
VD: The most striking change is that the forest has been cleared to make room for a
new stadium.
 Câu 2: It is also noted that other parts of + đối tượng remain unchanged/ the
same + thời gian cụ thể
VD: It is also noted that other facilities/ amenities of the front beach area remained
unchanged over after 5 years.
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7. The map below shows the changes that have taken place at the waterfront area of
a town called Darwin between 2009 and 2014. Summarize the information be
selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
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BÀI SỐ 3: CÁCH VIẾT PHẦN THÂN BÀI (BODY)
A. CÁCH VIẾT THÂN BÀI
Cách viết thân bài cho các dạng bài Bar chart, Line graph, Pie chart và Table
** Cấu trúc so sánh
 There + to be + more than + số liệu + of + đối tượng
VD : There is more than 50% of 15-year-old boys playing tennis in their leisure time.
 So sánh nhất, at/ with + số liệu
VD: The percentage of animals in Brazil is highest, with 30%.
 Nhiều nhất
The highest percentage

The largest number of + đối tượng + to be/ V + đối tượng tương ứng
The greatest quantity
VD: The highest number of animals in 1997 was in Brazil.
 Ít nhất
Đối tượng + to be + the least common

+ đối tượng tương ứng
Đối tượng + to be + the least popular
VD: Japan is the most popular nation for politicians in 1990.
** Cấu trúc chỉ đại lượng
The amount/quantity (không đếm được)
The number/quantity (đếm được) + of + đối tượng + to be + số liệu
The percentage
VD: The number of animals in Brazil is approximately 500,000.
** Dành riêng cho tỉ lệ phần trăm
Đối tượng + account for/comprise/ make up/ constitute + tỉ lệ phần trăm
VD: People traveling to Asian countries accounted for 52%
** Cấu trúc mô tả điểm cao nhất - thấp nhất
Điểm cao nhất Điểm thấp nhất
Đối tượng reach a peak at + số liệu Đối tượng reach the bottom at + số liệu
Đối tượng reach the highest point at + số liệu Đối tượng reach the lowest point at+ số liệu
VD: The car users reach a peak at 25,000.
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** Cấu trúc ghép 2 đối tượng mô tả
Clause (S + V) , followed by + Noun Phrase

Cách viết theo trend tăng/giảm
VD: There was a slight increase in the number of animals in Brazil in 1997, followed
by a dramatic decrease after 10 years.
Cách viết theo comparison
VD: The amount of money that people in the UK spent on this category stood at
450,000 pounds, followed by that of France, at 400,000 pounds.
The number of X in country A increase to, exceeding (vượt) the quantity in country
B , which had only + số liệu
Cách viết theo trend tăng/giảm
VD: The number of animals in Brazil increased to 30,000 in 1997, exceeding the
quantity in Poland, which had only 12,000.
Cách viết theo comparison
VD: The spending of French consumers on computers is 380 000 pounds, exceeding
the quantity of the British, which had only 350 000 pounds.
*** Từ vựng, cụm từ và cấu trúc mô tả xu hướng (trends)
Động từ
Tăng Giảm Dao động
Tăng lên: increase, go up, Giảm xuống: decrease, go
rise, grow down, decline, drop, fall

Dao động: fluctuate, vary,
Tăng mạnh: rocket, soar, Giảm mạnh: dive, plunge,
oscillate
surge (không cần thêm plummet (không cần thêm
trạng từ) trạng từ)
Trạng từ
Một cách mạnh mẽ + nhóm động từ tăng/giảm/dao dộng: dramatically, sharply,
steeply, exponentially
Đáng kể + tăng/giảm/dao động: significantly, considerably, remarkably, substantially
Dần dần + tăng/giảm: steadily, gradually
Nhẹ, không đáng kể + tăng/ giảm/dao động: slightly, marginally, moderately,
insignificantly
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Danh từ
Tăng Giảm Dao động
Sự tăng: increase, rise, Sự giảm: decrease, decline,
growth drop, fall Sự dao động: fluctuation,
Sự tăng mạnh: soar, surge Sự giảm mạnh: dive, variation, oscillation
plunge, plummet
Tính từ
Mạnh mẽ, đầy kịch tính + nhóm danh từ sự tăng/giảm/dao động: dramatic, sharp,
steep, exponential
Đáng kể + sự tăng/giảm/dao động: significant, considerable, remarkable, substantial
Dần dần + sự tăng/giảm: steady, gradual
Nhẹ, không đáng kể + sự tăng/giảm/dao động: slight, marginal, moderate,
insignificant
** Một số từ chỉ sự ước lượng
 Vào khoảng: about, around, approximately, roughly + số liệu
VD: The percentage of car users was about 45%.
** Cấu trúc mô tả xu hướng
Subject+ Verb (to describe change) + Adverb (to describe the degree of change)
Cần sử dụng động từ để mô tả thay đổi và kết hợp với trạng từ để mô tả mức độ
thay đổi
Ví dụ:
− The number of Landline service users increased slightly from 15 per 100
inhabitants in 1998 to 17 out of 100 inhabitants in 2008.
− The quantity of people using Cellular phone service went up dramatically from
5 out of 100 inhabitants in 1998 to 65 per 100 inhabitants in 2008.
− The number of Internet service users grew considerably from 3% in 1998 to 22%
in 2008.
experience (trải qua)
witness (chứng kiến)
Subject + see + a/an (+ adjective)+ noun
show
undergo
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Ví dụ:
− The percentage of no-car families saw a plummet from 70% in 1961 to 10% in
2001.
− The proportion of households that owned two or more cars witnessed a
significant rise from 10% in 1961 to about 48% in 2001.
− experience
− witness
Time + + a/an (+ adjective)+ noun + in sth
− see
− show
Ví dụ
− The period from 2004 to 2009 witnessed a plummet in the percentage of car
users from 51% to 28%.
− The period from 2004 to 2009 saw a slight increase in the percentage of train
users from 3% to 4%.
There + be + a/an (+ Adjective) + noun + in sth
Ví dụ
− There was a plummet in the percentage of no-car families from 70% in 1961 to
10% in 2001.
− There was a significant rise in the proportion of households that owned two or
more cars from 10% in 1961 to about 48% in 2001.
** Cấu trúc mô tả không thay đổi
remain unchanged/stable/constant at…..
Subject + stay the same
show/see no/little change, remaining at….
Ví dụ
− The amounts of CO2 emissions per head in Italy and Portugal witnessed a sharp
rise to about 7.7 metric tonnes and 5.5 metric tonnes respectively in 1997 before
remaining constant in the last decade.
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B. BÀI TẬP
Dạng bài 1: Biểu đồ Đường
Bài tập 1
The chart below gives information about car ownership in the UK from 1975 to 2005.
Điền vào chỗ trống các thông tin còn thiếu để hoàn thành bài viết trên.
stands out minor fall highest remained stable from 1975 to 2005
upward in 1975 line graph moderate increase to greater than
regarding however approximately without vehicles British households
The presented (1) __________ depicts changes in the percentages of UK
households that owned different numbers of cars (2) __________ .
Overall, what (3) __________ from the line graph is that a family with one car
accounted for the (4)__________ proportion throughout the timeline in Britain. It is
also noted that the proportions of families that possessed two and three or more
cars underwent an (5)__________ trend while the opposite was true for the other
figures.
A more detailed look at the line graph reveals that (6) __________ households with
1 car was the highest (45%), before witnessing a (7) __________ to approximately
39%, continuously undergoing an upward trend to 40% as they (8) __________
until 2005. In addition, families (9) __________ stood at 30% in 1975 before
moderately dropping to about 20% in 1995 as they continued to go down and
reached about 18% in 2005.
(10)__________ the other two, the percentage of families that owned 2 cars was
(11) __________ that of three cars or more(around 7% and 4% respectively) in
1975. While the former witnessed an upward trend and a (12) __________ 15%
in 1995 before reaching (13) __________ 17% at the end of the period. It is also
noted that (14) __________ with 3 cars and above had the same trend; (15)
__________ , it only rose slightly to 8% in 2005 after accounting for 5% in 1995.
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Bài tập 2
The line graph illustrates the proportion of total expenditure in a certain European
country between 1960 and 2000.
Từ vựng chi tiêu
− Danh từ (Noun): Spending on X = Expenditure on X = The amount of money
spent on X: chi tiêu dành cho
VD: Expenditure on shopping online went up dramatically.
− Dạng chủ chủ động: spend on= use their money on: chi tiêu dành cho
VD: People use most of their money on shopping online.
− Dạng bị động: be spent on = be allocated for = be used for = be expended = be
paid out: được chi tiêu (cho)
VD: Most money is allocated for shopping online.
− chi tiêu nhiều hơn cho …: spend more on … = spend a higher proportion of total
spending on …
− chi tiêu ít hơn cho …:spend less on … = spend a lower proportion of total
spending on …
− khoản mục chi tiêu cao nhất: the highest spending category = the top spending
catefory
− Hàng tuần: weekly = per week = each week = on a weekly basis
− Hàng tháng: monthly = per month = each month = on a monthly basis
− Hàng năm: annually = per year = each year = on an annual basis
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1. Viết mở bài và tổng quan cho đề bài trên
Introduction _______________________________________________________________
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Overview
Overall, what stands out from the graph is that________________________________

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It is also clear that__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Dựa vào biểu đồ, hãy điền số liệu còn thiếu để hoàn thành 2 đoạn thân bài
A more detailed look at the line graph demonstrates that in 1960, the percentage of
food expenses was recorded to be on the top of the list, about (1) ____, which was
almost (2) ________ higher compared to the figures for both clothing and transport.
Ranked (3) ________ was spending on leisure at roughly (4) ________. In terms of
the data of fuel, it was least remarkable at just above (5) ________.
It is apparent that in 2010, there was a dramatic drop in the proportion of food
expenditure by more than a half to approximately (6) ________. Similar trends
could be observed in leisure, transport and energy with their figures declining
marginally to (7) ________, (8) ________ and (9) ________respectively.
Conversely, the figure for transport experienced a substantial rise to nearly (10)
________ and exceeded that of food.
27
Bài tập 3
The graph below shows the percentage of people in different age groups in one city
who attended music concert between 2010 and 2015.
Từ vựng mô tả độ tuổi, nhóm tuổi.
Những người thuộc nhóm tuổi từ X tới Y,
people falling into the X to Y age group
people between X and Y years old
people aged X to Y.
X to Y-year-old people = X to Y year olds = the X -Y age group
Miêu tả người trẻ:
People aged 20 or under = people aged 20 or younger
Thay vì lặp lại, chúng ta có thể gộp các nhóm tuổi bằng cách sử dụng “the
younger age group” hay “younger people”
Miêu tả người già:
People aged Y or more = people aged Y and over = people aged Y or older
People aged Y or more = elderly/older people aged Y or over
Thay vì lặp lại, chúng ta có thể gộp các nhóm tuổi bằng cách sử dụng “the older
age group, hay “older people”.
28
Your answer
The given line graph ________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Overall, what stands out from the graph is that ________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
It is also notable that ________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
A closer look at the graph reveals that ________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
It can be clearly seen that ____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
29
Dạng bài 2: Biểu đồ Cột
Bài tập 4
The bar chart shows the percentage of young people in higher education in 2000,
2005 and 2010.
Các từ vựng cần thiết
 people attend tertiary education
 people enroll in higher education
 young people enter university
 the university participation levels
 young people’s university participation
Write your answer with at least 150 words on the writing sheet.
30
Bài tập 5
The charts below gives information about the amount of time children spend with
their parents.
Các từ vựng và cấu trúc cần thiết
 the amount of time = how many hours = the quantities of time
 time children spent with mother = time children accompany their mother
 set aside X hours with the children
 put X hours into caring for children
 time spent on child-bearing
Write your answer with at least 150 words on the writing sheet.
31
Dạng bài 3: Biểu đồ Tròn
Bài tập 6
The charts below show the percentage of electricity consumed by different sectors in
Eastern Australia in 2007 and 2010.
 the percentage of electricity consumption = the proportion of electricity
consumption
 the percentage of power used = industries’ power usage
 X sector = X share
 X made up the largest segment of the energy consumption
 X accounted for + số liệu , which contributed the least to the power usage
 remain unchanged = stay constant = stay stable
 X and Y experienced a moderate drop, with the latter more noticeable than the
former
 ranked second/ third was X sector at + số liệu
Write your answer at least 150 words on the writing sheet.
32
Dạng bài 4: Bảng số liệu
Bài tập 7
The table gives information about five types of vehicles registered in Australia in
2010, 2012, 2014.
 types of vehicles = means of transport = categories
 X was approximately twofold/ three fold/ fourfold/ fivefold higher compared to
the figure for Y
 ranked third and fourth were the data of X and Y
Dạng bài 5: Biểu đồ kết hợp
Bài tập 8
The chart and table below give information about what nursing graduates did after
finishing their course in the UK in 2009.
working in health sector
hospital nurse 72.9%
midwife 12.4%
mental nurse 0.4%
community nurse 10.3%
paramedic 1.3%
other 2.7%
33
Dạng bài 6: Quy trình
*** Cấu trúc trình bày thứ tự
− in the first/initial stage
in the second stage ,S+V
in the final stage (phase)
− The next step begins when S+ V
− Following this is + the + noun phrase of….
− Coming to the final stage of the process, S+V
*** Các trạng từ chỉ thứ tự
First, then, next, after that, following that, subsequently, finally
*** Các từ vựng miêu tả căn bản trong quy trình
− to harvest(v): thu hoạch
− to be broken into halves
− to be collected
− to ferment(v): lên men => fermentation(n) phase: giai đoạn lên men
− to spread in the sun: phơi nắng
− to expose to the sun: tiếp xúc với nắng
− to be exposed to the sun: được phơi nắng
− to dry (v) = dehydrate (v): sấy khô
− to roast sth at X degree celsius => roasting phase
− to grind(v): nghiền => to be ground
− ripe (a): chín (trái cây)
− oval-shaped beans
− round-shaped (a)
− rectangular banana leaves
− rectangle (n): hình chữ nhật
− a flat cylindrical grinder
− cylinder(n): hình trụ
− a cylindrical device
34
Bài tập 9
The pictures below show the process of making clothes from recycled plastic bottles.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
comparisons where relevant.
 sanitization (n): sự tiệt trùng, làm sạch
 funnel-shaped (adj): hình phễu
 shredding machine hoặc shredder (n): máy cắt, máy hủy
 to sun-dry (v): phơi nắng
 cylindrical boiler (adj): nồi nấu hình trụ
 to get melted down (v): chảy ra
 to weave - wove - woven: dệt
 a loom: khung dệt
35
Bài tập 10
The diagram below shows one way of manufacturing ceramic pots.
 initiating with
 culminating in
 to commence
 to dig-dug-dug out
 excavator
 to be crushed
 to become finer
 cylindrical tank
 substance
 to be pumped into molds
 to be dehydrated
 a kiln
 to dip in
 to be heated at X degree
36
Bài tập 11
The diagram below shows the process of making soft cheese. Summarise the
information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparison
where relevant.
Bài tập 12
The given diagram indicates information about how used glass bottles are recycled.
37
Dạng bài 7: Bản đồ
Từ vựng và cấu trúc cần thiết
Xuất hiện Biến mất
to disappear => disappearance

to appear => appearance (n)
to vanish
to emerge => emergence (n)
to disappear to make room for sth
S+ experience/see/witness/show the emergence of/ the appearance of….
Giữ nguyên Thay thế
to be replaced => replacement(n)

to remain unchanged
to be converted into
to be still there
to be transformed into sth
to remain at the same position
to be relocated to …..
Mở rộng Thu hẹp
to be widened
to be narrowed
to be extended => extension(n)
to be reduced in size
to be enlarged => enlargement (n)
Xây dựng Phá hủy
to be built to be destroyed => destruction
to be constructed to be demolished=> demolition(n)
to be planted to be knocked down
38
Bài tập 13
The diagrams below show changes of a cinema from 1980 until now.
CINEMA 1980 CINEMA NOW
 modification: sự thay đổi, điều chỉnh
 extensive renovations: sự đổi mới toàn diện
 amenity: cơ sở vật chất
 vacant: trống trải
 unoccupied: trống, chưa có gì choán chỗ
 cater for: phục vụ
 additionally: thêm vào đó
 drink court: quầy bán nước
 relaxation room: phòng nghỉ xả hơi
 be converted (into): được chuyển đổi thành
 X has been vanished in the present day to make room for Y
39
Bài tập 14
The plans show the change of a small theater in 2010 and 2012.
to be extensively renovated
various facilities
to undergo an enlargement
adjacent = next to
emergence = appearance
development (n)
modification (n)
transformation (n)
40
Bài tập 15
The maps below show information about the change of Riverage college 30 years
ago and now.
41
PHẦN II
42
BÀI SỐ 1: GIỚI THIỆU VỀ IELTS WRITING TASK 2
CÁC ĐIỀU CẦN BIẾT
Writing Task 2 là phần thi cuối cùng trong đề thi IELTS Writing Academic và
General Training. Đề bài thường yêu cầu thí sinh viết một bài luận (essay) nhằm
trình bày một quan điểm hoặc chứng minh một vấn đề cho trước thông qua các luận
điểm, luận cứ và ví dụ đi kèm.
CHIẾN LƯỢC LÀM BÀI
43
BỐ CỤC BÀI VIẾT
I. Mở bài (2 câu - 1 đoạn)
1. Câu mở đầu (viết lại câu hỏi bằng cách khác)
2. Trả lời câu hỏi tùy theo dạng đề
II. Thân bài (2 đoạn)
1. Đoạn 1
− topic sentence (nêu rõ ý cần trình bày trong đoạn 1)
− supporting sentence 1+ details
2. Đoạn 2
− topic sentence (nêu rõ ý cần trình bày trong đoạn 2)
III. Kết luận (2 câu - 1 đoạn)
1. Tóm tắt lại ý đã viết
2. Nêu quan điểm cá nhân
44
BÀI SỐ 2
A. GIỚI THIỆU
Với dạng bài này, rất dễ nhận dạng khi câu hỏi được đưa ra khá rõ ràng: “What are
the advantages and disadvantages of …?”
Ví dụ:
1. Some people think it is better for children to grow up in the city, while others
think that life in the countryside is more suitable for them. What are the advantages
and disadvantages of both places?
2. Many foods are shipped from far away. Some people think that eating local foods
is more environmentally and economically. Do you think the advantages outweigh
its disadvantages?
3. Computers are becoming an essential part of education. Discuss the advantages
and disadvantages and give your own opinion.
Các bước làm bài
45
B. BỐ CỤC BÀI VIẾT
I. Mở bài
 Câu 1: viết lại câu hỏi bằng cách khác
There has appeared a situation in which ….X… have a tendency to ….
 Câu 2: nêu ra rằng vấn đề có cả ưu điểm lẫn khuyết điểm
－ Nếu đề bài không yêu cầu quan điểm: Despite the advantages….. has, its
adverse effects on………….. should not be lost sight of.
－ Nếu đề bài yêu cầu quan điểm: Although this trend has some advantages, I
firmly believe that its pros are undoubtedly overshadowed by its cons.
II. Thân bài
 Đoạn 1: nêu ưu điểm (hoặc phần nào chiếm ít ưu thế hơn)
On the one hand,……………. is undeniably beneficial to…..
- The initial benefit lies in the fact that ….
- Another outstanding benefit of this trend is that …
 Đoạn 2: nêu phần khuyết điểm (hoặc phần chiếm ưu thế nhiều hơn)
On the other hand, I am of the opinion that the advantages of this developing trend
are definitely overshadowed by its disadvantages …
- The actual fact is that, …
- Another drawback that needs to be taken into consideration is that ….
III. Kết bài
 From what has been discussed, we may draw a conclusion that …
Ví dụ:
In some countries, more young adults continue to live with their parents even after
they have completed education and found jobs. Do the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages?
1. Phân tích đề bài
Chủ đề: family
Từ khóa: young adults, continue to live, their parents, after, completed education
and found jobs
Instruction words: advantages outweigh the disadvantages
46
2. Lập dàn ý
Các cách viết lại mà không lặp lại
Dàn ý chi tiết
Mở bài (viết lại câu hỏi của đề bài và nêu ra phần chiếm ưu thế hơn)
Đề bài Viết lại
Young adults young generations
completed education have graduated
found jobs entered the workforce
advantages and disadvantages pros and cons
Thân bài
Đoạn 1 Nêu những ưu điểm khi người trẻ sống cùng gia đình
+ ưu điểm 1 Tình cảm gia đình gắn kết
+ ưu điểm 2 Người trẻ có cơ hội báo đáp
Đoạn 2 Nêu những khuyết điểm lấn át ưu điểm
+ khuyết điểm 1 Người trẻ có nguy cơ quá phụ thuộc vào thế hệ trước
+ khuyết điểm 2 Ít giao thiệp xã hội
+ khuyết điểm 3 Thiếu không gian riêng tư cho các mối quan hệ
Kết luận (viết lại những gì đã khẳng định trong phần mở bài)
Phần mở bài Viết lại
completed education and when people become grownup
found jobs
advantages benefits
overshadowed outweigh
47
3. Viết mở bài
There has appeared a situation in which young generations have a tendency to live
with their parents even though they have graduated and entered the workforce.
Although this trend has some advantages, I firmly believe that its pros are
undoubtedly overshadowed by its cons.

4. Viết thân bài
Đoạn 1: family living together is undeniably beneficial to parents in general and
youngsters in particular.
+ ưu điểm 1: family bond and emotional connection will develop at a deeper level
when family members keep in close contact with each other. In fact, young people
can be mature in this stage, but support from family is undeniably advantageous
when they step on the career ladder or struggle with financial difficulties.
+ ưu điểm 2: young people are offered more opportunities to express their gratitude
to their parents’ education and guidance over the past years.
Đoạn 2: the advantages of this developing trend are definitely/ indisputably
overshadowed by its disadvantages.
+ khuyết điểm 1: children can become overdependent on their family support, which
can make them unable to acquire new experiences from society.
+ khuyết điểm 2: there are some cases in which individuals only go from home to
work; therefore, they cannot develop their social relationships as well as their
connection in the workplace.
+ khuyết điểm 3: living under the same roof with parents is equivalent to less privacy
in their intimate relationships and love lives.

5. Viết kết luận
 From what has been discussed above, we can draw a conclusion that living with
parents even when people become grownup is of great benefit. My opinion is that
the disadvantages of this trend outweigh positive values it brings.
48
Chọn các diễn đạt thích hợp cho mỗi ô trống để hoàn thành bài mẫu sau
A. Another drawback that needs to be taken into consideration is that F. On the one hand
B. The initial benefit lies in the fact that G. My opinion is that
C. Another outstanding benefit of this trend is that H. On the other hand
D. Although this trend has some advantages I. Basically
E. The actual fact is that J. In fact
There has appeared a situation in which young generations have a tendency to live
with their parents even though they have graduated and entered the workforce.
(1)_________________, I firmly believe that its pros are undoubtedly
overshadowed by its cons.
(2)________________, family living together is undeniably beneficial to parents in

general and youngsters in particular. (3) ____________________ family bond and
emotional connection will develop at a deeper level when family members keep in
close contact with each other. (4) __________, young people can be mature in this
stage, but support from family is undeniably advantageous when they step on the
career ladder or struggle with financial difficulties. (5) __________________ young
people are offered more opportunities to express their gratitude to their parents’
education and guidance over the past years.
(6)______________ , I am of the opinion that the advantages of this developing

trend are definitely overshadowed by its disadvantages.(7) _______, children can
become overdependent on their family support, which can make them unable to
acquire new experiences from society. (8) ______________ there are some cases
in which individuals only go from home to work; therefore, they cannot develop
their social relationships as well as their connection in the workplace.
(9)____________________ living under the same roof with parents is equivalent
to less privacy in their intimate relationships and love lives.
From what has been discussed above, we can draw a conclusion that living with
parents even when people become grownup is of great benefit. (10) ____________
the disadvantages of this trend outweigh positive values it brings.
49
C. THỰC HÀNH
Bài tập 1: phân tích đề bài và viết mở bài cho những đề bài sau
1. People in the community can buy cheaper products nowadays. Do advantages
outweigh disadvantages?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
Instruction words: __________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. In today’s world, private companies rather than the government pay for and
conduct most scientific research. Do you think the advantages outweigh
disadvantages?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. It is suggested that primary school children should learn how to grow vegetables
and keep animals. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
50
4. In some countries, small town-centre shops are going out of business because
people tend to drive to large out-of-town stores. As a result, people without cars
have limited access to out-of-town stores, and it may result in an increase in the use
of cars. Do you think the disadvantages of this change outweigh its advantages?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
5. In the future, it is expected that there will be a higher proportion of older
people in some countries. Is this positive or negative development?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
6. In many countries, people like to eat a wider range of food that cannot be grown
in their local place. Therefore, much of the food people eat today has to come from
other regions. Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh
disadvantages?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
51
7. In many nations, people in huge cities either live alone or in small family units,
instead of in large, extended family groups. Is this a positive or negative trend?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
8. In many cities, there is little control on the design and construction of new houses,
so people can build houses in their own styles rather than building them with the
same style as the old houses in the local area. Do the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
9. Today food travels from thousands of miles from the farm to the consumer. Some
people say that it would be better for the economy & environment if people ate food
produced from local farmers. Would the advantages of this idea outweigh the
disadvantages?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
52
10. Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas, are the main source for many
countries. However, some nations are using alternative energy such as solar power
and wind power. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
53
Bài tập 2
It is now possible for scientists and tourists to travel to remote natural environment,
such as the South Pole. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the
disadvantages?
1. Phân tích đề bài và lập dàn ý chi tiết
Thân bài
Đoạn 1
+ ưu điểm 1
+ ưu điểm 2
Đoạn 2
+ khuyết điểm 1
54
2. Exercise
a. What are the synonyms for “remote areas” (tick to the words from the list below)
－ restricted areas － far-flung areas
－ faraway areas － distant areas
－ long areas － limited areas

b. What are some other words for “advantages and disadvantages:
advantages disadvantages
c. We have learned numerous cultural norms with the indigenous people when we
travel to some foreign countries. What are the synonyms for “indigenous people”?
－ local people
－ native people
－ smart people
－ famous people
d. The visitors could not enjoy the sight-seeing tour in this extreme weather.
What can be best replaced for “extreme weather”?
－ fine weather
－ difficult weather
－ harsh weather
e. Littering __________ harm on the camp site was unimaginable.
－ inflicted
－ affected
－ infected
f. Smoking has caused __________ damage to his lungs.
－ irregular
－ irreversible
－ irresponsible
55
g. The natives can communicate with tourists from various classes.
“classes” here can be replaced by
－ backgrounds
－ sections
－ lessons
h. Another way to say “to widen your knowledge” is ________________ .
－ to open your head
－ to broaden your horizon
－ to know more about yourself
i. How to write “You should consider the environmental problem” in a more
objective way?
－ You have to consider the environmental problem.
－ The environmental problem is your responsibility.
－ The environmental problem should be taken into consideration.
j. “The air can be adversely affected by smoking” can be expressed:
－ The air can be negatively affected by smoking.
－ The air can be directly affected by smoking.
－ The air can be completely affected by smoking.
3. Fill in the blanks with the words below to complete the sample answer
A. indigenous B. demerit C. essentially D. merits E. influence
F. backgrounds G. horizon H. secluded I. exponentially J. inflict
There has appeared a situation in which the number of travelers to distant areas is
increasing (1) __________ compared to the past. Although this trend exerts
several (2) __________ , I strongly believe that it is still a negative development.
On the one hand, the exploration of faraway land is unquestionably advantageous to

tourists in general and to the (3) __________ people in particular. The initial benefit
lies in the fact that foreign visitors are offered a great opportunity to broaden their
(4) __________ with a change of scenery and culture and deepen their knowledge
of different natural environments. Indeed, not only can individuals enjoy
sight-seeing, but they can also learn particular ways of living in (5) __________
areas with harsh weather conditions and difficult communication. Another
56
outstanding advantage of this trend is that the natives greatly benefit from the
exploration team, such as improvement to their current living conditions and
communicating with tourists from various (6) __________ .
On the other hand, I am of the opinion that the advantages of this developing trend
are undoubtedly overshadowed by its disadvantages. (7) __________ , human
activities that stem from traveling can (8) __________ irreversible damage on
these unspoiled natural destinations. An instance that accompanies this reason is
that littering is one of the most direct causes of pollution if people are granted
unrestricted access to these remote areas. Another drawback that should be taken
into consideration is that the culture and the civilization of the native may undergo
unfavorable (9) __________ due to this development.
From what has been discussed, we may draw a conclusion that it is undoubtedly
advantageous to exploit rural natural areas for the tourism industry. My view is the
(10) __________ of this development outweigh its merits.
Your answer
1._____ 2._____3._____4._____5._____6.______7.______8._____9._____10._____
57
Bài tập 3
In today’s world, private companies rather than the government pay for and
conduct most scientific research. Do you think the advantages outweigh
disadvantages?
1. Phân tích bài và lập dàn ý chi tiết
Thân bài
Đoạn 1
+ ưu điểm 1
+ ưu điểm 2
Đoạn 2
－ to carry out － information leakage
－ private corporation － to distribute
－ to sponsor － specialty
－ bring about － false data
－ the lack of reliability － prominent
－ to boost sales － to place their focus on
58
2. Exercise
a. The company has agreed to fund my trip to Australia.
－ to buy
－ to give
－ to pay for
b. Some studies suggested a link between artificial sweetener and cancer.
－ classes
－ research
－ learning
c. Students are required to __________ simple experiments.
－ undertake
－ undergo
－ undercut
d. Companies are willing to pay a hefty amount of money for information.
－ small amount
－ little amount
－ large amount
e. Financial pressure will be __________ from the families sponsored by the rich.
－ alleviated
－ derived
－ prevented
3. Viết phần mở bài và kết luận, dịch phần thân bài sang tiếng anh
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Một mặt, tôi cho rằng việc để các doanh nghiệp tư nhân tài trợ hoặc thực hiện các
nghiên cứu như vậy sẽ mang lại một số bất lợi đáng kể. Một trong những nhược điểm
rõ ràng nhất là thiếu độ tin cậy của các kết quả khoa học. Điều này xuất phát từ thực
tế là mục đích chính của nghiên cứu được tài trợ bởi các công ty tư nhân chắc chắn
là lợi nhuận, dẫn đến dữ liệu sai được công bố để thúc đẩy doanh số bán hàng.
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Một vấn đề nổi cộm khác là khả năng rò rỉ thông tin. Điều này có thể được giải thích
bởi thực tế là có nhiều công ty sẵn sàng trả một khoản tiền lớn cho những thông tin
như số điện thoại hoặc email cá nhân của những người đã tham gia nghiên cứu.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________________________
Tuy nhiên, những nhược điểm này vẫn bị lu mờ bởi những lợi ích của việc trao cho
các doanh nghiệp tư nhân quyền tiến hành nghiên cứu khoa học. Một lời giải thích
thuyết phục là khu vực tư nhân có thể cung cấp nguồn nhân lực và tài chính lớn hơn.
Không giống như chính phủ, các công ty tư nhân có nhiều khả năng tập trung vào
một lĩnh vực hơn, vì vậy họ sẵn sàng phân bổ một khoản đầu tư đáng kể cho những
phát hiện mới trong chuyên môn của họ. Một điểm khác cần được xem xét là nếu
nghiên cứu được giao cho các công ty tư nhân, chính phủ sẽ giảm bớt áp lực tài chính
rất lớn. Điều này đặc biệt có giá trị ở các nước đang phát triển, nơi tập trung chính
vào các lĩnh vực công cộng như chăm sóc sức khỏe và giáo dục.
60
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In conclusion,___________________________________________________________________
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Bài tập 4
Nowadays more tasks at home and work are being performed by robots. Is this a
negative or positive development?
Thân bài
Đoạn 1
+ ưu điểm 1
+ ưu điểm 2
Đoạn 2
2. Phát triển các ý sau đây để có bài viết hoàn chỉnh
Introduction:
+ Paraphrase
+ Answer the question: this is definitely a positive development
Body 1:
Topic sentence 1: On the one hand, the replacement of human force with automated
machines exerts a number of benefits to not only individuals but also society as a
whole.
62
+ Supporting sentence 1: save a considerable amount of money
+ Detail 1: Robots are automated machines=> work automatically with much higher
productivity compared to humanity.
+ Supporting sentence 2: many housewives will be relieved from their enormous
load of housework
+ Detail 2: have more time to pursue their interests or develop their career
Body 2
Topic sentence: On the other hand, despite the aforementioned drawbacks of the
implementation of robots performing certain tasks, we should not lose sight of its
detrimental impacts on the society.
+ Supporting sentence 1: The initial drawback of this trend is that ….over-reliance on
robots
+ Detail 1: lead a sedentary life => severe diseases
+ Supporting sentence 2: result in the high unemployment rate
+ Detail 2: social evils
CONCLUSION ( 2 sentences)
In conclusion,
+ Summarize what has been been written
+ Give your opinions.
Write at least 250 words to answer the question on your writing answer sheet.
63
Bài tập 5
In some countries, many people are choosing to live alone nowadays than in the
past. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
1. Phân tích bài và lập dàn ý chi tiết
Thân bài
Đoạn 1
+ ưu điểm 1
+ ưu điểm 2
Đoạn 2
Từ vựng cần thiết
− to live alone = to live on their own − to be opposed to
− to gain independence − to lead to conflicts
− to desire − to feel desolate
− to disturb − to give them a hand
− to ask for permission − to be in need
− to share the household’s costs − to be inclined to + V
− to allocate for all the living expenses − to be left unattended
− to struggle with + Ving − to be vulnerable
− to have private timetable − to be under more pressure
− to have hectic schedules = busy schedules − diligently
− to be independent of ≠ dependent on − diametrically
Write at least 250 words to answer the question on your writing answer sheet.
64
BÀI SỐ 3
A. GIỚI THIỆU
Dạng bài này đưa ra hai quan điểm và yêu cầu bạn phải phân tích cả hai quan điểm,
bao gồm cả quan điểm cá nhân. Hãy lập từng đoạn Body riêng biệt cho từng quan
điểm. Nếu đề bài có yêu cầu nêu quan điểm cá nhân, hãy nêu rõ bạn theo quan điểm
nào.
Ví dụ:
Some people think international car-free days are an effective way of reducing air
pollution; however, others think there are some other ways.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Hoặc
Some people think an aging population can cause big problems. Others, however,
think the aging population has many advantages for business, government and for
society in general. Discuss both views.
65
I. Mở bài
Peolple have different views about how……affect…..
Câu 2: nêu ra một số đồng ý với mặt này và một số đồng ý với mặt khác
－ Nếu đề bài không yêu cầu quan điểm: Although some people hold the thought
that + quan điểm thứ nhất, others would suppose + quan điểm thứ 2
－ Nếu đề bài yêu cầu quan điểm: Although it can be argued that + quan điểm
người khác ủng hộ, I firmly believe that + quan điểm bạn ủng hộ
II. Thân bài
 Đoạn 1: nêu lý do tại sao quan điểm 1 hợp lý
On the one hand, there are several convincing grounds to elaborate why some people
support the idea that…..
- The initial reason lies in the fact that ….
- Another factor that should be taken into consideration is that …
 Đoạn 2: nêu lý do tại sao quan điểm 2 hợp lý (hoặc tại sao bạn ủng hộ)
On the other hand, I am in favour of the opinion that…
- First and foremost, …
- A more essential factor why I advocate this argument is that….
III. Kết bài

Ví dụ
The range of technology available to people is increasing the gap between the rich
and the poor. Others think it has an opposite effect. Discuss both views and give
your opinions.
1. Phân tích đề bài:
Chủ đề: technology
Keywords: technology available, increasing the gap, the rich, the poor
Instruction words: discuss both views, give your opinions
66
2. Lập dàn ý
Dàn ý chi tiết
Mở bài (viết lại câu hỏi của đề bài và nêu rõ quan điểm của mình nếu bài yêu cầu)
available technology the availability of technology
increasing the gap widen the gap
opposite effect diminish the imbalance
the rich and the poor the wealthy and the needy
Thân bài
Đoạn 1 Nêu lý do tại sao công nghệ làm tăng khoảng cách giàu nghèo
+ lý do 1 Các thiết bị công nghệ rất xa xỉ, người nghèo không thể mua
+ lý do 2 Nhiều thiết bị đòi hỏi phải có kiến thức khoa học
Đoạn 2 Nêu lý do tại sao công nghệ là cơ hội để rút ngắn khoảng cách
+ lý do 1 Chính phủ ở nhiều nước có kế hoạch phổ cập công nghệ cho người nghèo
+ lý do 2 Trẻ em vùng sâu vùng xa có cơ hội tiếp cận kiến thức qua internet
widen the gap positive influences
or not
3. Viết mở bài
 People have different views about how technology influences the society.
Although some people hold the thought that the availability of it contributes to
widening the gap between the wealthy and the needy, I firmly believe that it helps to
diminish the imbalance in society.
67

Đoạn 1: technology has a detrimental impact on the gap between the rich and the
poor
+ lý do 1: the latest technological devices are currently extravagant, items which poor
individuals cannot purchase. Indeed, thanks to the merits of these cutting- edge
equipment, rich people have more opportunities in employment as well as in the
educational field
+ lý do 2: numerous state-of-the-art gadgets require users to gain sufficient scientific
knowledge. Consequently, the needy who struggle to study in poor conditions
frequently encounter countless technical obstacles.
Đoạn 2: there are more chances available for the poor that could narrow this gap
+ lý do 1: governments in many nations are working on a long-term strategy for
supplying a range of technology for poor residents.
+ lý do 2: children in far-flung regions could have access to a great source of
knowledge by virtue of the Internet

 From what has been discussed above, we can draw a conclusion that whether
technology is increasing the gap between the rich and the needy or not is still a
controversy. My view is that technology also has positive influences that diminish
this gap.
Chọn các diễn đạt thích hợp để hoàn thành bài mẫu sau
A. The initial reason lies in the fact that F. Indeed
B. I am in favour of the opinion that G. Consequently
C. An instance that accompanies this reason is that H. As a matter of fact
D. there are several convincing grounds to elaborate why I. still a controversy
E. Another factor that should be taken into consideration is that J. a conclusion
People have different views about how technology influences the society. Although
some people hold the thought that the availability of it contributes to widening the
gap between the wealthy and the needy, I firmly believe that it helps to diminish the
imbalance in society.
On the one hand, (1) _____________________ some people support the idea that
technology has a detrimental impact on the gap between the rich and the poor. (2)
____________________ the latest technological devices are currently extravagant
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items which poor individuals cannot purchase. (3) _______, thanks to the merits of
these cutting-edge equipment, rich people have more opportunities in employment
as well as in the educational field. (4) _________________________ numerous
state-of-the-art gadgets require users to gain sufficient scientific knowledge. (5)
____________, the needy who struggle to study in poor conditions frequently
encounter countless technical obstacles.
On the other hand, (6) _____________________ there are more chances available
for the poor that could narrow this gap. First and foremost, governments in many
nations are working on a long-term strategy for supplying a range of technology for
poor residents. (7) _____________________ in Vietnam, authorities assist the
needy in installing solar power systems in the most vulnerable outskirts, which
empowers low-income people to save their budgets. A more essential factor why I
advocate this argument is that children in far-flung regions could have access to a
great source of knowledge by virtue of the Internet. (8) __________, the Internet
benefits could help them educate themselves and diminish the gap.
From what has been discussed above, we may draw (9) ________ that whether
technology is increasing the gap between the rich and the needy or not is (10)
______________ . My view is that technology also has positive influences that
diminish this gap.
Your answer
1._____2._____3._____4._____5._____6._____7._____8._____9._____10._____.
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C. THỰC HÀNH
Bài tập 1: Hãy xác định chủ đề, từ khóa và viết mở bài cho các đề bài sau
1. Some human activities have negative effects on plant and animal species. Some
people think it is too late to do anything about this problem while others think
effective measures can be taken to improve this situation. Discuss both views and
give your opinion.
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. It is commonly believed that nowadays main factors that affect a child's

development are media, pop culture and friends. A different point of view is that
family plays the most significant role. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. A growing number of people feel that animals should not be exploited by people
and that they should have the same rights as humans, while others argue that
humans must employ animals to satisfy their various needs, including uses for food
and research. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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4. Some people think that the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison
sentences. Others, however, believe there are better alternative ways of reducing
crime. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
5. Computers are being used more and more in education. Some people say that
this is a positive trend, while others argue that it is leading to negative
consequences. Discuss both sides of this argument and then give your own opinion.
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
6. Some people think that it is good for a country's culture to import foreign movies
and TV programmes. Others think that it is better to produce these locally. Discuss
both views and give your opinion.
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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7. Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route toa
successful career, while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after
school. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
8. Some people think that job satisfaction is more important than job security while
some people think that they cannot always expect job satisfaction, a permanent job
is more important. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
9. Some people think that mental strength is the most important factor for success
in sports. However, some others believe that it is more important to have strong
and fit people. Discuss both views and give your opinions.
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
72
Bài tập 2
Some people say that advertising encourages us to buy things that we really do not
need. Others say that advertisements tell us about new products that may improve
our lives.
Thân bài
Đoạn 1
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
Đoạn 2
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
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2. Nối nửa câu bên cột A và nửa câu bên cột B để có câu hoàn chỉnh.
A B
1. advertising is an effective tool A. we are made aware of their usefulness.
2. the result of this development B. more harm than good

3. small kitchen gadgets C. out of fan adoration.
4. People have different views about D. the Iphone series
5. advertising can be beneficial E. is an excessive consumption of
unnecessary goods.
6. the popularization of advertisements F. enables us a wide selection of products
7. They are often underrated but with the G. how commercial advertisements affect
commercial promotion, our shopping habits.
8. customers are convinced H. to make a purchase without
consideration.
9. the old phones I. in the process of purchasing new goods.
10. celebrities may be hired J. to catch up the trend
11. these goods are only purchased K. are becoming obsolete
12. The latest model is L. for many businesses
13. it intentionally manipulates us M. to appear in campaigns
14. A typical example of this is N. are one of the most convenient and
effective tools
15. advertising does O. of no difference from its predecessor
Please write your answer in a whole sentence below
a) advertising is __________________________________________________________
b) the result ______________________________________________________________
c) small _________________________________________________________________
d) People have ___________________________________________________________
e) advertising can _________________________________________________________
f) the popularization ______________________________________________________
g) They are often _________________________________________________________
h) customers _____________________________________________________________
i) the old ________________________________________________________________
j) celebrities _____________________________________________________________
k) these goods ____________________________________________________________
l) The latest ______________________________________________________________
m) it intentionally _________________________________________________________
n) A typical ______________________________________________________________
o) advertising ____________________________________________________________
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3. Insert the above answers to complete the sample, please write them in the
appropriate banks
(1)______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ .
Although some people hold the thought that advertising helps promote useful
products in our everyday life, I firmly believe that (2) ___________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ .
On the one hand, it is indisputable that (3) _____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________ .
The primary reason lies in the fact that (4)______________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
and multiple choices to suit our needs. An instance to accompany this reason is that
(5)______________________________________________________________________________
which aid the preparation of food and the decoration of dishes. (6) _____________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
On the other hand, I am in favor of the opinion that (7) ________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
and (8) ________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________ .
First and foremost, most of the promotions that large companies push for are often
an exaggeration of what the actual products entitle. (9) ________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________ .
(10) ____________________________________________________________________________
except for some improved exterior features, but (11) __________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
because (12) ___________________________________________________________________ .
Another factor that should be taken into consideration is that (13) _____________
_________________________________________________________________________________
and promote the merchandise but most of the time, (14) ______________________
_________________________________________________________________________________ .
From what has been discussed, we may draw a conclusion that(15) ____________
_________________________________________________________________________________
rather than meeting customer’s needs.
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Bài tập 3
Some people say that modern technology has made shopping today easier, while
others disagree. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
1. Phân tích đề bài và lập dàn ý
Thân bài
Đoạn 1
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
Đoạn 2
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
Từ vựng vần thiết
− advertising (n) − saturate (v)--> saturation (n)
− advertisement (n) = commercial (n) − fall victim to
− promotion (non-count) − gain an edge over
− e-commerce: e-commercial sites − exaggerate = overstate
− make sensible purchases − have a proclivity for sth (negative
− goods = products = merchandise = meaning)
commodities − poor = low-income = impoverished =
− revolutionize (v) --> revolutionary (a) financially disadvantaged
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2. Viết mở bài và kết luận, dịch 2 đoạn thân bài sang tiếng anh
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Một mặt, có một số cơ sở thuyết phục để giải thích lý do tại sao công nghệ tiên tiến
đã cải thiện đáng kể trải nghiệm mua sắm của khách hàng. Lý do ban đầu nằm ở chỗ
với sự ra đời của các trang thương mại điện tử, sự sẵn có của sản phẩm không còn bị
giới hạn bởi các khu vực địa lý. Thật vậy, không còn nghi ngờ gì nữa, mọi người có
thể đặt bất cứ thứ gì, từ thực phẩm nước ngoài, các sản phẩm làm đẹp bắt nguồn từ
nước ngoài, cho đến những bộ trang phục theo xu hướng mới nhất bất kể họ sống ở
thành phố và quốc gia nào. Một yếu tố khác cần được xem xét là người mua có thể
chọn các giao dịch hợp lý và phải chăng hơn vì các cửa hàng trực tuyến không chịu
các chi phí bổ sung như phí thuê và phí bảo trì so với các cửa hàng thực.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________
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Mặt khác, tôi ủng hộ ý kiến cho rằng sự tiện lợi của việc mua sắm trực tuyến khiến
chúng ta phát triển việc tiêu thụ quá mức những hàng hóa không cần thiết. Đầu tiên
và quan trọng nhất, việc phổ biến/phát triển/có mặt khắp nơi của quảng cáo qua
truyền hình và mạng xã hội chắc chắn sẽ thúc đẩy mọi người mua hàng một cách bốc
đồng mà không cần cân nhắc. Trên thực tế, khi duyệt qua các trang web khác nhau,
họ dễ dàng bị thuyết phục bởi sự quảng cáo phóng đại về tính hữu ích của sản phẩm
để mua chúng bất kể nhu cầu thực sự của họ là gì. Một lý do khác khiến tôi ủng hộ
lập luận này là thương mại điện tử thường yêu cầu thẻ tín dụng cho một giao dịch
hoàn chỉnh, điều này làm tăng nguy cơ rò rỉ thông tin bí mật của người mua.
__________________________________________________________________________
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Bài tập 4
Many people argue that in order to improve educational quality, high school
students are encouraged to make comments or even criticism of their teachers.
Others think it will lead to loss of respect and discipline in the classroom. Discuss
both views and give your own opinion.
Thân bài
Đoạn 1
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
Đoạn 2
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
− make comment & criticism => comment and criticize
− disrespect and disorder
− granting freedom
− impart knowledge to sb
− enhanced academic achievement
− to be proactive
− to be susceptible
− external influence
79
− surrounding environment
− hinders someone from + Ving
− have no means to
− pursue knowledge
− academic progress
2. Phát triển các ý sau đây để có bài viết hoàn chỉnh
Introduction:
+ Paraphrase
+ Answer the question: disrespect and disorder are an unavoidable outcome.
Body 1:
Topic sentence 1: On the one hand, it is generally believed that giving students the
freedom to express their ideas and opinions to their teachers undeniably improves
the learning experience between two parties.
+ Supporting sentence 1: foster positive bonds with students and create a
constructive environment
+ Detail 1: two-way communication encourage students to be proactive
+ Detail 2: betters teachers’ pedagogical skills
Body 2
Topic sentence: On the other hand, I am in favor of the opinion that giving
permission for students to judge teachers undoubtedly undermines students’ sense
of respect and discipline.
+ Supporting sentence 1: students' morality and conscience are still underdeveloped
+ Detail 1: promote such disrespectful behaviors and thoughts => grow up as a group
of ill-mannered and uncivilized people
+ Supporting sentence 2: order is no longer maintained in the classroom
+ Detail 2: students who are actually interested in learning
Conclusion ( 2 sentences)
In conclusion,
+ Summarize what has been been written
+ Give your opinions.
Write your answer on writing sheet.
80
Bài tập 5
Some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early
age. Some think they should begin at 7 years old at least. Discuss both views and
give your own opinion.
Thân bài
Đoạn 1
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
Đoạn 2
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
− to commence formal learning − to engage in
− to receive education − to meet someone’s expectation
− formative time − outperform
− absorb new information − excel in
− imprint knowledge − extracurricular activity
− to experience rapid cognitive − depression and stress
− to fall behind − initial education
− to deprive sb of − in the long run

2. Viết bài mẫu hoàn chỉnh dựa vào từ vựng đã cho.
81
BÀI SỐ 4
A. GIỚI THIỆU
Đề bài thường sẽ đưa ra một hiện tượng, yêu cầu bạn giải thích nguyên nhân, và
những yếu tố tác động lên nó. Đôi khi sẽ có những vấn đề và giải pháp cho hiện
tượng được nêu ra. Thông thường, đề thi thật sẽ chỉ yêu cầu bạn phân tích Causes &
Solutions, Causes & Effects, hoặc Problems & Solutions.
Các dạng câu hỏi thường gặp:
 What are the problems associated with this …? (Các vấn đề liên quan đến điều
này … là gì?)
 What are the causes/reasons?/ Why is it the case? (Các nguyên nhân/lý do là gì?
Tại sao nó lại xảy ra? )
 What can be done to…? / What measures should be taken to…? (Có thể làm gì
với vấn đề …?/ Những biện pháp nên được thực hiện để … ?)
 What action can be taken to prevent people having this problem? (Hành động
nào có thể được thực hiện để ngăn chặn mọi người gặp vấn đề này?)
Ví dụ:
The internet has transformed the way information is shared and consumed, but it
has also created problems that did not exist before. What are the most serious
problems associated with the Internet and what solutions can you suggest?
82
I. Mở bài
There has appeared a situation in which ….… (have a tendency to) ….
 Câu 2: nêu khái quát về nguyên nhân và giải pháp
This issue undoubtedly stems from various reasons and there are feasible measures
that can be taken to resolve it.
II. Thân bài
Đoạn 1: Nêu những nguyên nhân gây ra vấn đề
It is not difficult to render some causes for these complicated social affairs which involve
several factors.
Đoạn 2: nêu giải pháp cho các vấn đề trên
Personal issues Global issues
To alleviate the possibility of this Governments:
developing further, I assume that some + to pass/introduce/enact laws related to…
specific methods should be applied +These laws have to be strictly/properly
- First and foremost, … implemented.
- Another practical approach is +Those who violate these laws must:
that …. to be heavily punished/given heavy punishments.
to be fined
to get a fine
to put sb into prison
to imprison sb
Educational programs/campaigns have
+ to be conducted in order to raise people’s
awareness of the important role of …….
III. Kết bài
83
Từ vựng và cấu trúc cần thiết
Động từ Danh từ
Gây ra Nguyên nhân/ ảnh hưởng
− to cause − cause of
− to trigger − reason for
− to lead to − culprit of
− to give rise to − an effect
− to result in − an impact
− to entail − an influence
Giải quyết Vấn đề
− to solve − an issue
− to address − a matter
− to deal with − difficulty, obstacle, challenge
− to handle − consequence
− to tackle − outcome
Giải pháp
Từ vựng Cấu trúc
− a solution − To take effective measures to do
− an approach VD: Effective measures should be taken
− a method in order to reduce the number of
− a way unemployed people.
− a strategy − make great/enormous/ immense/
tremendous efforts
− make great/enormous/ immense/
tremendous attempts to do
VD: Enormous efforts must be made in
order to save endangered animals from
being extinct.
84
Ví dụ:
Many students find it difficult to concentrate or pay attention in school. What are the
reasons? What could be done to solve this problem?
Chủ đề: education
Từ khóa: many students, difficult to concentrate, pay attention, in school
Instruction words: the reasons, solve this problem

2. Lập dàn ý
Dàn ý chi tiết
Mở bài (viết lại câu hỏi của đề bài và nêu khái quát nguyên nhân và giải pháp)
many students, increasing trend
difficult to concentrate inattentive students
Thân bài
Đoạn 1 Nêu rằng có những nguyên nhân gây ra vấn đề
+ nguyên nhân 1 Lạm dụng công nghệ trong giảng dạy
+ nguyên nhân 2 Thiết bị điện tử làm học trò phân tâm
Đoạn 2 Nêu ra giải pháp cho vấn đề
+ giải pháp 1 Hạn chế thời gian dùng các thiết bị trong giảng dạy
+ giải pháp 2 Phụ huynh cần hợp tác giám sát
not pay attention lose their interest in learning
feasible measures an adjustment
85
3. Viết mở bài
There has appeared a situation in which the increasing trend of inattentive
students in class is remarkable. This issue undoubtedly stems from various reasons
and there are feasible measures that can be taken to resolve it.
Đoạn 1: some causes for these complicated social affairs which involve several
factors
+ nguyên nhân 1: the abuse of technology in teaching methodologies have resulted
in the student’s loss of interest in studying. Indeed, it is the prolonged exposure to
screens such as computers and projector screens that distort social interactions
between teachers and students. Consequently, this makes the lessons repetitive and
dull as the content can be acquired via online sources.
+ nguyên nhân 2: electronic devices have become a great distraction for students in
this day and age. A typical example of this is that many adolescents will scroll
through social media on their phones during classes.
Đoạn 2: some specific methods should be applied.
+ giải pháp 1: screen time should be reduced to the minimum required in the lecture.
For instance, traditional teaching methods can be implemented which allows both
parties to engage, communicate and develop a deeper connection.
+ giải pháp 2: parents should actively involve in the learning of their children. Indeed,
with the support and encouragement of the family, they can feel a new sense of
purpose and curiosity to take a more active part in education.

 From what has been discussed above, we can draw a conclusion that there are
many reasons why students lose their interest in learning. However, this can be
tackled by an adjustment to the current school system and curriculum to mitigate the
situation.
86
Chọn các diễn đạt thích hợp để hoàn thành bài mẫu sau
A. Another practical approach B. For instance
C. A typical example D. feasible measures
E. Another factor F. should be applied
G. Indeed H. some causes
I. Consequently J. stems from
There has appeared a situation in which the increasing trend of inattentive students
in class is remarkable. This issue undoubtedly (1) __________ various reasons and
there are (2) __________ that can be taken to resolve it.
It is not difficult to render (3) __________ for these complicated social affairs which
involve several factors. The initial reason lies in the fact that the abuse of
technology in teaching methodologies have resulted in the student’s loss of interest
in studying. (4) _________, it is the prolonged exposure to screens such as
computers and projector screens that distort social interactions between teachers
and students. (5) __________, this makes the lessons repetitive and dull as the
content can be acquired via online sources. (6) __________ that should be taken in
consideration is that electronic devices have become a great distraction for students
in this day and age. (7) ____________ of this is that many adolescents will scroll
through social media on their phones during classes.
To alleviate the possibility of this developing further, I assume that some specific
methods (8) __________. Essentially, screen time should be reduced to the
minimum required in the lecture. (9)__________, traditional teaching methods can
be implemented which allows both parties to engage, communicate and develop a
deeper connection. (10) ____________ is that parents should actively involve in
the learning of their children. Indeed, with the support and encouragement of the
family, they can feel a new sense of purpose and curiosity to take a more active part
in education.
From what has been discussed, we may draw a conclusion that there are many
reasons why students lose their interest in learning. However, this can be tackled by
an adjustment to the current school system and curriculum to mitigate the
situation.
87
C. THỰC HÀNH
Bài tập 1
It is difficult for people in the cities to get enough physical exercise. What are the
causes and solutions?
Thân bài
+ nguyên nhân 1
+ nguyên nhân 2
+ giải pháp 1
+ giải pháp 2
− city-dwellers = urban residents = − complicated
city inhabitants − to upgrade sport facilities
− to lack physical activities − to take up a sport
− to encounter − to enhance someone’s awareness of
− the shortage of − chronic diseases
− to be busy = occupied with − cardiovascular
− facilities − diabetes
− to invest + in − a balanced diet
− a nine-to-five shift − to be tackled with
88
2. Chọn từ thích hợp điền vào chỗ trống để hoàn thành các ý sau
inhabitants shortage nine-to-five safely in comparison with complicated
measures take up upgrading enough chronic diseases occupied
a. most __________ such as cardiovascular or diabetes can be cured by appropriate
physical activities.
b. governments have to invest more money in __________ sport facilities.
c. People living in cities are extremely ____________ with their work or study.
d. there are feasible ____________ that can be taken to resolve it.
e. city ____________ are not provided with facilities to play sports.
f. urban residents encounter the _____________ of doing exercise.
g. there is not ____________ place for people to do physical activities.
h. urban space is limited and the price of land is obviously high ____________ that
in the countryside.
i. employees have to work at a ____________ shift.
j. city dwellers will have more space to do physical activities ____________ .
k. urban residents will find it easier to ____________ a sport or do exercise.
l. It is a _____________ issue that cannot be solved in a short period of time.
3. Chèn các câu trên vào chỗ trống để hoàn thành bài mẫu
There has appeared a situation in which city-dwellers tend to lack physical activities
in this modern world. This issue undoubtedly stems from various reasons and
(1) _____________________________________________________________________________ .
There are several causes used to explain why (2) ______________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________ .
The initial reason lies in the fact that (3) _______________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________ .
In fact, these days (4) _________________________________________________________
or students are required to study more than 8 hours a day. Besides, it is even
obligatory for them to continue working or studying in the evenings. Another reason
that should be taken into consideration is that (5) ______________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________ .
It can be seen that (6) _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________ ,
so (7) __________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________ .
89
Nevertheless, there are a number of ways to encourage people living in urban areas
to increase their time playing sports or doing exercise. One possible approach is that
(8) _____________________________________________________________________________
or opening some parks or stadiums so that (9) _________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________ .
By doing so, (10) ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________ .
Another feasible approach is to enhance the citizens’ awareness of the significance
of physical activities for their health. They need to understand that the more they do
exercise, the more chance they have to improve both their physical and mental
health. A recent study shows that (11) _________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
along with a balanced diet.
In conclusion, (12) _____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________ .
However, I believe that it can gradually be tackled with the cooperation of
governments and individuals.
90
Bài tập 2
Nowadays people use bicycles less as a form of transport. Why is that? What can we
do to encourage people to use bicycles more?
Thân bài
+ nguyên nhân 1
+ nguyên nhân 2
+ giải pháp 1
+ giải pháp 2
− a means of transportation − to build up an interest in
− over-reliance − human-powered
− over-dependence − prevalent
− advanced motor vehicles − special lanes
− to rely on − dedicated to
− engines − to allocate
− fuel energy − metropolises’ infrastructure
− to operate − to be assured of
91
2. Chọn các diễn đạt thích hợp để hoàn thành bài mẫu sau
A. Indeed B. To deter the possibility of this situation

C. Therefore D. Another practical approach is that
E. First and foremost F. The initial reason lies in the fact that
G. Another reason should be H. There has appeared a situation in which
I. By doing so J. It is not difficult to render some causes
K. From what has been discussed L. certain measures should be implemented
(1)________________________________ fewer and fewer people choose to ride a
bicycle as a means of transportation. This trend could stem from various reasons and
there are feasible measures that can be taken to resolve it.
(2) ________________________________for this social affair which involves several
factors. (3) ______________________________________________ this development
directly derives from the over-reliance and over-dependence on advanced motor
vehicles. (4) ____________, these modules which rely on engines and fuel energy to
operate are undeniably faster and more convenient compared to human-powered
ones. (5)_________________________________________ taken into consideration is
that as cars and motorbikes become the prevalent form of transportation, there are
hardly any special lanes dedicated to bicycles. (6) __________, it is reasonable that
fewer people feel safe to travel by bicycle in this heavy and dangerous traffic.
(7) ____________________________________________________ from developing
further, I assume that some measures should be applied to boost the use of bicycles.
(8) _____________________, governments could allocate more budget for the
construction of metropolises’ infrastructure, in particular new and enlarged roads
specifically designed for cyclists. (9) ___________________, not only can every
participant on the road be assured of their safety, they also have a different
experience while traveling on improved roads. (10) ____________________________
people can establish cycling clubs and organize monthly tours within the community
to build up an interest in bicycles again.
(11) ______________________________, we may draw a conclusion that the growing
trend of fewer people commuting by bicycle can be attributed to various reasons.
However, (12) ______________________________________ to make people become
more engaged in using this type of transportation.
92
Bài tập 3
Some reports have discovered the incidence of crimes committed by young women
is increasing. Give possible reasons and recommendations to the situation.
Thân bài
+ nguyên nhân 1
+ nguyên nhân 2
+ giải pháp 1
+ giải pháp 2
− to engage in − injustice
− to commit a crime − delicate constitution
− to implement illegal actions − technological revolution
− to perform − state-of-the-art
− to witness − fraud
− to compete − deceit
− to improve the laws − sufficient education
− to implement strict punishment − labor markets
− to be equipped with − disastrous
− criminal activities − consequences
− gender inequality − violent behavior
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2. Viết mở bài và kết luận, dịch phần thân bài sang tiếng Anh
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Theo quan điểm của tôi, có hai nguyên nhân khách quan dẫn đến tình trạng tội
phạm nữ gia tăng. Trước hết, hầu như mọi quốc gia trên thế giới đều đang chứng
kiến sự tồn tại của bất bình đẳng giới, dẫn đến sự bất công trên thị trường lao động
như lương thấp, hạn chế thăng tiến trong công việc và tỷ lệ lao động nữ giảm. Do đó,
họ có thể gặp phải một số vấn đề tài chính và cảm giác tiêu cực, đây có thể là động
cơ để phạm tội. Thứ hai, trước cuộc cách mạng công nghệ, phụ nữ trong quá khứ
không có bất kỳ sự hỗ trợ nào để thực hiện các hành động bất hợp pháp, vì vậy phụ
nữ khó phạm tội bạo lực do thể chất mỏng manh của họ. Tuy nhiên, trong thời đại
ngày nay, với sự phát triển vượt bậc của công nghệ, ngay cả những người yếu ớt
nhất cũng có thể sử dụng các thiết bị kỹ thuật số tối tân để thực hiện các hành vi gian
lận, lừa lọc.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
94
Để giảm bớt khả năng tỷ lệ tội phạm là nữ, tôi cho rằng nên xem xét một số phương
pháp cụ thể. Ban đầu, chính quyền và công chúng phải cải thiện bình đẳng giới bằng
cách đối xử với phụ nữ một cách quan tâm. Ví dụ, trả lương cho phụ nữ cao bằng
nam giới và cung cấp cho họ nền giáo dục đầy đủ để họ có thể trang bị các kỹ năng
thành thạo để cạnh tranh trên thị trường lao động. Một cách tiếp cận thực tế khác là
chính phủ có thể cải thiện luật pháp và thực hiện các hình phạt nghiêm khắc để đe
dọa tội phạm. Quan trọng hơn, giáo dục công dân về hậu quả tai hại của các hoạt
động tội phạm là cách hiệu quả nhất để khiến họ bỏ lại hành vi bạo lực.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
95
Bài tập 4
The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the natural
environment. What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this problem?
Thân bài
+ nguyên nhân 1
+ nguyên nhân 2
+ giải pháp 1
+ giải pháp 2
− environmental pollution = − water bodies = water source

environmental contamination =
− advanced waste treatment systems
environmental degradation =
environmental deterioration − single-use item
− disposable items = disposable cups = − poisonous chemicals

disposable plates − recyclable items
− emissions − environmentally friendly products
− toxic waste − to be discharged into
− commodities − to be released into
− biodegradable − to purchase
96
Gợi ý
Đoạn 1: Nguyên nhân
Nguyên nhân 1: chất thải độc hại từ các nhà máy gây ô nhiễm môi trường.
+ Giải thích: gây ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng đến nguồn nước và môi trường sống của
động vật cũng như con người
Nguyên nhân 2: con người sử dụng ngày càng nhiều đồ dùng 1 lần làm tăng lượng
rác thải.
+ Ví dụ: trong các dịp du lịch hoặc các kỳ nghỉ, rất nhiều đồ nhựa sử dụng 1 lần ở bãi
biển hoặc khu du lịch
Đoạn 2: giải pháp
Giải pháp 1: chính phủ phải yêu cầu các nhà máy sử dụng hệ thống xử lý hóa chất
độc hại
+ giải thích: các nhà máy phải bảo đảm rằng hóa chất được xử lý tốt trước khi xả ra
ngoài môi trường
Giải pháp 2: người tiêu dùng cần sử dụng các đồ dùng thân thiện với môi trường
+ những món đồ có tính chất phân hủy sinh học sẽ giảm bớt gánh nặng môi trường
+ ưu tiên sử dụng các vật dụng tái chế hoặc tái sử dụng đồ nhựa
2. Dựa vào từ vựng và gợi ý, viết bài hoàn chỉnh cho đề bài trên
97
Bài tập 5
People today do not feel safe either at home or when they are out. What are the
causes? What are the solutions?
Thân bài
+ nguyên nhân 1
+ nguyên nhân 2
+ giải pháp 1
+ giải pháp 2
− to threaten(v)
− to be exposed to sth
− to encounter (v) sth
− to be involved in sth
− to put great pressure on sth
− to cause = trigger = entail = lead to = result
− to give rise to
− to be injected into
− to endanger = put sth in danger = put sth/sb at risk
− to solve(v) = address(v) = tackle = handle(v)
− to use public means of transport
98
− to minimize(v)
− to have negative = detrimental = adverse = harmful impacts/effects on sb/sth
− to forecast(v)
− to guarantee(v)
− to take some actions to do sth
− safety(n)
− numerous(a) = countless(a)
− risk = danger = hazard
− heavy traffic> < light traffic
− the sharp increase in = dramatic increase in
− means of transportation = modes of transportation = modes of vehicles
− population density (n)
− different kinds = types of
− food poisoning(n)
− poison(n) = toxin(n) = toxic substance(n)
− patient(n)
− natural disaster(n)
− climate change
− private vehicles
− feasible(a)
− the occurrence of earthquakes
− food safety
− tighter market approach
2. Dựa vào từ vựng đã cho, viết thành bài hoàn chỉnh.
99
BÀI SỐ 5
A. GIỚI THIỆU
Dạng này đề bài sẽ đưa ra ý kiến cá nhân về các topic quen thuộc trong xã hội và đặt
ra những dạng câu hỏi như sau
4 DẠNG CÂU HỎI AGREE OR DISAGREE
Câu hỏi Câu hỏi Câu hỏi Câu hỏi
chứa một ý chứa hai ý “negative effect” “the best/only way”
VD: Everyone should VD: It is better for VD: Many people think VD: The best way to
stay at school until 18. college students to modern communication solve world's
To what extent do live far away from technology is having environmental
you agree or home than live at some negative effects on problem is
disagree? home with their social relationships. to increase the cost
parents. Do you agree Do you agree or of fuel. Do you
or disagree? disagree? agree or disagree?
Gợi ý làm bài: viết cân Gợi ý làm bài: đoạn 1 Gợi ý làm bài: viết cân Gợi ý làm bài: ngoài
bằng để có đủ ý phân tích ý 1 và đoạn bằng, thêm mặt tích cực cách đề cho vẫn còn
tưởng. 2 phân tích ý 2. để có đủ ý tưởng. có cách khác.
100
B. Bố cục bài viết
I. Mở bài
It is often argued that ….
 Câu 2: nêu ra quan điểm Đồng ý/ Không đồng ý/ Đồng ý 1 phần
Although this may suit some people ….I firmly believe that….
II. Thân bài
 Đoạn 1: nêu ý chính thứ nhất
On the one hand, there are some convincing grounds to elaborate why ….
 Đoạn 2: nêu ý chính thứ 2
On the other hand, I am in favor of the opinion that …
- Another essential factor why I advocate this argument is that ….
III. Kết bài
Ví dụ
Environmental protection is the responsibility of politicians, not individuals as
individuals can do too little. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Chủ đề: environment
Từ khóa: environmental protection, responsibility, politicians, individuals
Instruction words: agree or disagree

2. Lập dàn ý
101
Dàn ý chi tiết
Mở bài (viết lại câu hỏi của đề bài và nêu quan điểm)
environmental nature
protection to preserve
responsibility be responsible for
politicians authority figures
individuals citizens
Thân bài
Đoạn 1 giải thích tại sao chính phủ phải có trách nhiệm bảo vệ môi trường
+ lý do 1 chính phủ có quyền ban hành luật để kiểm soát vấn đề môi trường
+ lý do 2 các chính phủ có thể hợp tác quốc tế để cùng nghiên cứu về môi
trường, đưa ra giải pháp
Đoạn 2 nêu lý do tại sao cá nhân cũng cần góp phần bảo vệ môi trường
+ lý do 1 người sống trong môi trường phải có trách nhiệm bảo vệ nó
+ lý do 2 người nổi tiếng hoặc có sức ảnh hưởng có thể kêu gọi chung tay
authority figures the authorities
responsible for hold a dominant role in
preserving nature dealing with the environmental problem
play an important role do as much as they can
achieve better outcomes aim for a safe environment
3. Viết mở bài
 It is often argued that the authority figures are responsible for preserving nature.
Although I support the view that this may suit some people, I firmly believe that
citizens may also play an important role to achieve better outcomes.
102

Đoạn 1:
 it is undeniably pivotal for the government to take action against major current
environmental problems.
+ Lý do 1: new laws can be introduced and enforced strictly to control adverse effects
on the living ecosystem. In fact, regulations should be applied heavily on the
manufacturing industry, especially regarding industrialization and human activities.
+ Lý do 2: governments could collaborate on an international level for joint research
on direct threats such as global warming, rising sea levels which will provide more
effective measures to resolve the problem.
Đoạn 2:
 individuals should be more engaged in environmental protection programs.
+ Lý do 1: we humans all exist on Earth, so it is our responsibility to preserve its state
in order to survive. Only by cooperating and joining forces, can we protect this
planet which provides us shelter, food and living environment.
+ Lý do 2: as individuals celebrities and famous people have the power to inspire and
encourage others to make financial contributions or participate in volunteer projects.

 From what has been discussed, we may draw a conclusion that the authorities
hold a dominant role in dealing with the environmental problem. However, I would
argue that citizens should also do as much as they can to aim for a safe environment.
Chèn các câu diễn đạt ý sau đây để hoàn thành bài mẫu
A. Although I support the view that F. On the other hand
B. The initial reason lies in the fact that G. In fact
C. Another factor that should be taken into consideration is that H. On the one hand
D. Another essential factor why I advocate this argument is that I. First and foremost
E. From what has been discussed J. It is often argued that
(1)___________________________ the authority figures are responsible for

preserving nature. (2) ________________________ this may suit some people, I
firmly believe that citizens may also play an important role to achieve better
outcomes.
103
(3) ________________, there are some convincing grounds to elaborate why it is

undeniably pivotal for the government to take action against major current
environmental problems. (4) _________________________ new laws can be
introduced and enforced strictly to control adverse effects on the living ecosystem.
(5) __________, regulations should be applied heavily on the manufacturing
industry, especially regarding industrialization and human activities.(6)
___________________ governments could collaborate on an international level for
joint research on direct threats such as global warming, rising sea levels which will
provide more effective measures to resolve the problem.
(7) ________________, I am in favor of the opinion that individuals should be more
engaged in environmental protection programs. (8) ____________, we humans all
exist on Earth, so it is our responsibility to preserve its state in order to survive. Only
by cooperating and joining forces, can we protect this planet which provides us
shelter, food and living environment. (9) __________________________ as
individuals celebrities and famous people have the power to inspire and encourage
others to make financial contributions or participate in volunteer projects.
(10) ______________________, we may draw a conclusion that the authorities
hold a dominant role in dealing with the environmental problem. However, I would
argue that citizens should also do as much as they can to aim for a safe environment.
(285w)
104
C. THỰC HÀNH
Bài tập 1
Hãy xác định chủ đề (topic), từ khóa (keywords) và viết mở bài cho các đề bài sau
1. It is neither possible nor useful for a country to provide university places for a
high proportion of young people. To what extent do you agree or disagree？
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Writing,reading and maths are the three recognized traditional subjects.
Computer skill should also be the fourth largest branch. Do you agree or disagree?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. People should follow the customs and traditions when people start to live in a
new country. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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4. Many people think modern communication technology is having some negative
effects on social relationships. Do you agree or disagree?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
5. Some people think that people who choose a job early and keep doing it are more
likely to get a satisfying career life than those who frequently change jobs. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
6. Everyone should stay at school until 18. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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7. Do you agree or disagree with the statement that government should invest more
money in science education rather than other subjects to develop the country.
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
8. The best way to solve world's environmental problem is to increase the cost of fuel.
Do you agree or disagree ?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
9. There have been many inventions in human history, such as the wheel. Some
people think the most important thing is the internet. To what extent do you agree or
disagree with this opinion?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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10. Maintaining public libraries is a waste of money since computer technology can
replace their functions. Do you agree or disagree?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
11. Teenagers should not be allowed to use mobile phones at school. Do you agree
or disagree?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
12. Parents of obese children should be punished for making them fat. To what
extend do you agree or disagree?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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Bài tập 2
Some people think that a huge amount of time and money is spent on the protection
of wild animals, and that this money could be better spent on the human population.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Thân bài
Đoạn 1
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
Đoạn 2
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
109
－ to be more beneficial － rising sea level
－ human population － make financial contributions to
－ social affairs － keep a dominant role
－ be prioritized + to v － make great efforts to do sth
－ phenomena
－ population explosion
－ lack of accommodation
－ to have tremendous influences on
－ safari conservation
－ be supposed to +v
－ voluntary work
－ celebrity
－ direct threats
－ effective measures should be taken to do sth
－ participate in sth
－ habitat
－ to invest in
－ animal welfare
－ to maintain
－ ecological balance
－ organism
－ ecosystem diversity
－ charity organizations
－ endemic
－ to witness
－ rare species
－ nation's GDP
－ industrialization
－ do joint research on sth
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2. Viết mở bài
 Your introduction ________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. Sắp xếp các ý sau đây theo thứ tự đúng để có thân bài đoạn 1 hoàn chỉnh
A. Consequently, in lieu of governments, charity organizations could take
responsibility for protecting animals.
B. The initial reason lies in the fact that in modern life, there are numerous social
affairs which should be prioritized to deal with.
C. On the one hand, there are several convincing grounds to elaborate why that it is
more beneficial to spend money on the human population.
D. Another reason that should be taken into consideration is that projects related to
safari conservation are supposed to be voluntary work.
E. Actually, countless phenomena such as population explosion or lack of
accommodation are serious problems that have tremendous influences on
human life directly.
Your answer 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____
4. Dịch đoạn thân bài số 2 sau đây sang tiếng anh

Mặt khác, tôi ủng hộ ý tưởng rằng đầu tư vào phúc lợi động vật đóng một vai trò
quan trọng trong xã hội loài người. Đầu tiên và quan trọng nhất, chi tiêu cho bảo tồn
động vật hoang dã giúp duy trì sự cân bằng sinh thái lành mạnh trên trái đất. Trên
thực tế, mỗi sinh vật trên trái đất đều có một vai trò độc nhất đối với sự đa dạng của
hệ sinh thái; do đó, các sinh vật cần được chăm sóc và bảo vệ. Một yếu tố quan trọng
hơn khiến tôi đồng ý với điều này là các loài động vật cũng mang lại lợi ích to lớn
cho nền kinh tế của đất nước. Thật vậy, các khu bảo tồn động vật hoang dã góp phần
tăng GDP của quốc gia với tầm nhìn thực tế là một lượng lớn khách du lịch từ khắp
nơi trên thế giới có thể ghé thăm để tận mắt chứng kiến các loài đặc hữu và quý
hiếm.
111
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112
Bài tập 3
There have been many inventions in human history, such as the wheel. Some
people think the most important thing is the internet. To what extent do you agree
or disagree with this opinion?
Thân bài
Đoạn 1
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
Đoạn 2
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
113
－ human civilization － confidential

－ breakthroughs － crucial
－ mankind － e-databases
－ to play a pivotal role － the virtual world
－ transaction － the evolution of engines
－ an escalating number of － to save manpower
－ online platforms － laborious work
－ conventional method － indispensable
2. Exercise
a. What are other words to say “very important”?
－ c_ _ _ _ _ l
－ p_ _ _ _t_ _
－ __d__________
b. There have been many inventions in human history - “human history”can be
replaced by:
－ humanitarian
－ humanization
－ human civilization
c. A great deal of human transaction takes place via internet - “internet” can be
replaced by:
－ virtual world
－ network
－ email
d. “These documents cannot be revealed to anyone.” means
－ They are expensive.
－ They are confidential.
－ They are reliable.
e. “needing a lot of time and effort” means
－ long
－ difficult
－ laborious
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3. Điền từ vào chỗ trống để hoàn thành đoạn thân bài sau đây
A. transaction B. initial C. example D. laborious E. indispensable
F. consideration G. favor H. dependent I. evolution J. e-databases
K. significance L. progress M. convincing N. indeed O. online platform
On the one hand, there are several (1) __________ grounds to elaborate why the
internet undeniably plays a pivotal role in society in this day and age. The (2)
__________ reason lies in the fact that a great deal of human interaction,
communication and (3) __________ takes place in the virtual world. A typical (4)
__________ to accompany this reason is that an escalating number of businesses,
especially international companies, have their operation, meeting and negotiation
happening via (5) __________ in place of the conventional method. Another factor
that should be taken into (6) __________ is that the internet is a key method to store
data as a huge amount of confidential and crucial information is increasingly kept in
(7) __________ .
On the other hand, I am in (8) ___________ of the opinion that other inventions and
the internet are of equal (9) __________ to the (10) __________ of society. First and
foremost, the (11) __________ of engines has greatly transformed the ways of
production and transportation. (12) __________ , it is the advanced machines and
vehicles that save manpower on (13) __________ work in agriculture and facilitate
our travel. Another (14) __________ invention is electricity, without which almost all
electronic devices cannot function. In fact, our current lifestyle is profoundly (15)
__________ on the electrical applications and the convenience it brings.

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115
Bài tập 4
It is not necessary to travel to other places to learn the culture of other people. We
can learn just as much from books, films and the internet . To what extent do you
agree or disagree?
Thân bài
Đoạn 1
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
Đoạn 2
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
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－ utilizing － discerning
－ deepen － traits
－ cultural norms － otherwise
－ documentary movies － obtain
－ historical books － stems from
－ digital contents － territories
－ justification － prominent
－ reservoir － stigmas
－ perspectives － single-mindedly
－ secondary sources － characterize
2. Dịch bài mẫu sau đây sang tiếng anh

Mọi người thường cho rằng sách, phim và internet đã đủ để mọi người tìm hiểu về
các nền văn hóa khác nhau nên việc đầu tư vào việc đi du lịch đến những nơi khác
là không cần thiết. Mặc dù tôi rất ủng hộ việc sử dụng các nguồn thông tin hiện có
để hiểu sâu hơn về lối sống của các xã hội khác, nhưng tôi tin rằng điều đó không
làm mất đi sự cần thiết của việc đến thăm các nơi một cách trực tiếp.
Một mặt, tôi cho rằng người ta có thể dễ dàng tìm hiểu các truyền thống và chuẩn
mực văn hóa thông qua các bộ phim tài liệu, sách lịch sử khác nhau hoặc thông qua
các tài liệu có sẵn trên internet. Điều này đặc biệt đúng trong trường hợp những
cuốn sách này được viết bởi các tác giả đã từng sống hoặc đến thăm những nơi đó.
Kết quả là, họ có thể cho chúng ta biết về xã hội của họ một cách chính xác như thể
chính chúng ta đã đến thăm nơi này. Một lý do khác cần được cân nhắc là trong
những năm qua, internet đã trở thành một kho kiến thức được thu thập từ mọi tầng
lớp xã hội. Do đó, nếu chúng ta thu thập thông tin một cách hiệu quả , chúng ta sẽ
có thể hiểu xã hội từ nhiều góc độ.
Mặt khác, tôi tin chắc rằng có một sự khác biệt rõ ràng giữa việc chỉ tìm hiểu về một
nền văn hóa một cách gián tiếp với việc trải nghiệm thực tế nền văn hóa đó và cuối
cùng nhận ra một số đặc điểm của nền văn hóa đó, điều mà không bao giờ có thể đạt
được bằng cách khác. Một trong những lập luận thuyết phục nhất là kiến thức mà
chúng ta có được từ các loại hình truyền thông đại chúng đó là không hoàn toàn
chính xác. Điều này bắt nguồn từ việc một số phương tiện truyền thông viết những
điều khác nhau về các vùng lãnh thổ nhằm thu hút khách du lịch và kiếm lợi nhuận.
Một khía cạnh nổi bật khác cần được xem xét là có rất nhiều sự kỳ thị trên internet
chỉ tập trung vào đặc điểm của nền văn hóa hoặc con người ở một số nơi nhất định
theo một đặc điểm duy nhất. Tuy nhiên, điều này rất có thể không bao giờ xảy ra vì
thực tế là để hiểu đầy đủ về một cộng đồng, cần phải là một phần của nền văn hóa
đó trong thời gian dài và nên quan sát xem nền văn hóa đó đã phát triển như thế nào
trong suốt thời kỳ đó.
Tóm lại, mặc dù thông tin thu thập được từ sách vở, phim tài liệu hoặc Internet chắc
chắn có thể giúp ích cho chúng ta trong việc mở rộng hiểu biết về một nền văn hóa,
nhưng nó không bao giờ có thể so sánh được với kinh nghiệm thực tế thu được từ
việc tiếp xúc trực tiếp với xã hội đó.
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119
Bài tập 5
Watching a live performance such as a play, concert, or sporting event is more
enjoyable than watching the same event on television. To what extent do you agree
or disagree with this statement?
Thân bài
Đoạn 1
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
Đoạn 2
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
120

－ appealing = fascinating = delightful = enjoyable = intriguing(a)
－ equally intriguing sensation
－ watch sth in person
－ distinct experience(s)
－ undergo(v)
－ replicate(v)
－ concert hall
－ to be specially designed
－ musical instrument
－ reverberate deeply
－ the orchestra
－ outstanding performance = brilliant performance
－ satisfy sb
－ most importantly,
－ subtle change(s)
－ intonation(n)
－ immerse oneself in sth
－ in an indirect setting
－ broadcasting company
－ real -life sensation
－ mind one’s actions
－ in order not to disturb sb
2. Dịch bài văn mẫu sau đây sang tiếng anh
Người ta thường lập luận rằng việc tham dự các sự kiện trực tiếp thực sự là một điểm
thu hút. Mặc dù điều này có thể phù hợp với một số người, nhưng tôi tin chắc rằng
việc xem các buổi biểu diễn trên truyền hình cũng không kém phần hấp dẫn.
Một mặt, không thể chối cãi rằng rất nhiều người thích xem các chương trình giải trí
trực tiếp. Lý do chính nằm ở chỗ những trải nghiệm khác biệt mà khán giả trải qua
trong một số buổi biểu diễn nhất định không thể được tái hiện hoàn toàn bằng các
thiết bị điện tử. Một ví dụ đi kèm để minh họa cho lý do này đó là phòng hòa nhạc,
nơi được thiết kế đặc biệt cho các nhạc cụ trình diễn nhạc cổ điển, cho phép âm
thanh vang sâu và dàn nhạc có thể mang đến một màn trình diễn xuất sắc làm hài
121
lòng người nghe. Quan trọng nhất, điều này cho phép khán giả nhận thấy những
thay đổi tinh tế trong ngữ điệu và đắm mình vào màn trình diễn.
Mặt khác, tôi ủng hộ ý kiến rằng một cá nhân có thể thấy rằng việc xem những loại
hình biểu diễn này trong một khung cảnh gián tiếp cũng rất thú vị. Trước hết, ngày
càng có nhiều công ty phát sóng nâng cấp thiết bị để ghi và phát trực tiếp với chất
lượng âm thanh và hình ảnh tốt hơn, chắc chắn giúp mang lại cảm giác sống động
như thật cho người xem. Một yếu tố khác cần được xem xét là cá nhân có thể ngồi
ở nhà và thưởng thức chương trình một cách thoải mái, trong khi ở nơi công cộng, họ
sẽ cần phải lưu tâm đến hành động của mình để không làm phiền người khác.
Từ những gì đã bàn luận, chúng ta có thể rút ra kết luận rằng hành động tham gia
vào chương trình giải trí trực tiếp cũng thú vị như xem qua truyền hình.
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Bài tập 6
Maintaining public libraries is a waste of money since computer technology can
replace their functions. Do you agree or disagree?
Thân bài
Đoạn 1
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
Đoạn 2
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
124
numerous(a) = countless(a) = a large number of
convenience
the role of traditional libraries
study experience
irreplaceable(a)
virtual library
have an edge over
facilitate sb to do = facilitate sth
the process of collecting current information
in-depth knowledge
searching tool
immediate result
technological device
offer necessary support for
busy = hectic schedule
flexible(a)
flexibility(n)
maintain(v)
maintenance(n)
authenticity(n)
reliability(n)
prevail(v) = have an edge over sth
periodical(n)
the process of strict = vigorous censorship
highly reliable
sufficient = controllable
without the presence of
distract(v) sb from doing
a means = a method to access information
Write at least 250 words to answer the question on writing answer sheet.
125
BÀI SỐ 6
A. GIỚI THIỆU
Đây là xu hướng mới khi ra đề cho phần thi IELTS Writing Task 2 hiện nay. Với đề
bài này, bạn sẽ có 2 câu hỏi, và phải lần lượt trả lời hai câu hỏi. Dạng đề này khi mới
đọc có nhiều bạn sẽ thấy khá khó, tuy nhiên, nếu đọc kĩ sẽ thấy khá dễ viết và dễ
dàng có nhiều ý tưởng cho phần trả lời.
Ví dụ:
In some countries, only few young people go to classical music concerts or play
classical music. Why? Should young people be encouraged to attend and learn
more?
Hoặc
Some education systems make students focus on certain subjects at the age of 15,
while others require students to study a wide range of subjects until they leave
school. What are the benefits of each system? Which do you think is a better
educational system?
126
B. Bố cục bài viết
I. Mở bài
There has been a trend in which……
 Câu 2: trả lời câu hỏi của đề bài
Tùy vào câu hỏi mà đưa ra câu trả lời phù hợp, chỉ cần trả lời chung chung chưa cần
trả lời cụ thể.
Câu hỏi Câu trả lời
What are these problems? Should X…..? There are several major problems which
have detrimental impacts on individuals
and the society as a whole and X should/
shouldn’t….
What are the reasons? There are a number of reasons for this
Why is it the case? trend and from my perspective, this
Is it positive or negative development? trend does more harm than good.
Or this trend is a positive development
What are the benefits of X and Y? Which There are several obvious advantages of
do you think is a better ……? both X and Y. In my point of view, …..
II. Thân bài
 Đoạn 1: nêu ý chính thứ nhất
On the one hand, there are some convincing grounds to elaborate why ….
 Đoạn 2: nêu ý chính thứ 2
On the other hand, I am in favor of the opinion that …
- Another essential factor why I advocate this argument is that ….
III. Kết bài
127
Ví dụ
Nowadays, some employers think that formal academic qualifications are more
important than life experience or personal qualities when they look for new
employees. Why is it the case? Is it a positive or negative development?
Chủ đề: environment
Từ khóa: environmental protection, responsibility, politicians, individuals
2. Lập dàn ý
Dàn ý chi tiết
Mở bài (viết lại câu hỏi của đề bài và trả lời câu hỏi)
more important than more highly appreciated
personal qualities personal characteristics
look for new employees in the recruitment process
Thân bài
Đoạn 1 giải thích tại sao người ta lại coi trọng bằng cấp hơn tính cách
+ lý do 1 bằng cấp là công cụ đo trình độ học vấn
+ lý do 2 người có bằng cấp phải trải qua đào tạo để có được chứng nhận
Đoạn 2 nêu lý do ủng hộ rằng xu hướng này là tích cực
+ lý do 1 sinh viên có động lực học đại học
+ lý do 2 giúp nhà tuyển dụng bảo đảm chất lượng của nhân viên
more highly appreciated employers prefer people with better qualifications
a positive development beneficial for students as well as society
128
3. Viết mở bài
There has been a trend in which some employers hold the thought that formal
academic qualifications are more highly appreciated than life experience or personal
characteristics in the recruitment process. There are two principal reasons leading to
this, and from my perspective, this trend is a positive development.

Đoạn 1: causes for this trend which involve several factors.
 lý do 1: academic degrees are supposed to be a tool to measure the level of
knowledge that applicants are capable of.
− giải thích lý do 1: graduates have to struggle delicately to study in order to
achieve a good qualification in any universities or colleges.
 lý do 2: not only do graduates have to pass numerous demanding examinations,
but they also need to partake in various practical training courses to get a
degree.
− giải thích lý do 2: they are expected to gain sufficient in-depth knowledge in the
field that the company is looking for.
Đoạn 2: this trend will bring about countless positive impacts on society as a whole.
 ưu điểm 1: students are motivated to pursue tertiary education for the sake of
their better career prospects.
− giải thích ưu điểm 1: there will be more and more people entering university,
which contributes to a more well-informed and educated workforce to society.
 ưu điểm 2: prioritizing formal academic qualification could assist recruiters to
ensure productivity and prosperity for enterprises.
− ví dụ cho ưu điểm 2: many workers who only have life experience are not able to
undertake challenging and heavy workloads due to the lack of specialist
knowledge.
5. Viết kết bài
From what has been discussed above, we may draw a conclusion that employers
prefer people with better qualifications in view of the fact that they are inclined to
assess the capacity of applicants. My view is that it is beneficial for students as well
as society when recruiters place emphasis on academic degrees.
129
Chọn các cụm từ liên kết để hoàn thành bài mẫu

A. The initial lies in the fact B. Consequently
C. An instance that accompanies this reason D. A more essential factor
E. Another factor that should be F. in view of the fact that
G. I am in favour of the idea that H. As a matter of fact
I. There are two principal reasons J. which involve several factors
K. some employers hold the thought that L. First and foremost
There has been a trend in which (1) ________________________________ formal

academic qualifications are more highly appreciated than life experience or personal
characteristics in the recruitment process. (2) _______________________ leading
to this, and from my perspective, this trend is a positive development.
It is not difficult to render some causes for this trend (3) ___________________.
(4) _____________________ that academic degrees are supposed to be a tool to
measure the level of knowledge that applicants are capable of. Actually, graduates
have to struggle delicately to study in order to achieve a good qualification in any
universities or colleges. (5) ___________________ taken into consideration is that
not only do graduates have to pass numerous demanding examinations, but they
also need to partake in various practical training courses to get a degree.
(6)_________, they are expected to gain sufficient in-depth knowledge in the field
that the company is looking for.
(7)____________________ this trend will bring about countless positive impacts

on society as a whole. (8) _______________, students are motivated to pursue
tertiary education for the sake of their better career prospects. (9) _____________,
there will be more and more people entering university, which contributes to a more
well-informed and educated workforce to society. (10) ______________ why I
advocate this argument is that prioritizing formal academic qualification could assist
recruiters to ensure productivity and prosperity for enterprises. (11) ____________
is that many workers who only have life experience are not able to undertake
challenging and heavy workloads due to the lack of specialist knowledge.
From what has been discussed above, we may draw a conclusion that employers
prefer people with better qualifications (12) _______________ they are inclined to
assess the capacity of applicants. My view is that it is beneficial for students as well
as society when recruiters place emphasis on academic degrees.
130
C. THỰC HÀNH
Bài tập 1: phân tích đề bài và viết mở bài cho các đề bài sau
1. More and more young people from wealthy countries are spending a short time in
communities in poorer countries doing unpaid work such as teaching or building
houses. Why? Who benefit more from this, the community or these young people?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
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2. In recent years, the family structure has changed, as well as family roles. What
types of changes are occurring? Do you think these changes are positive and
negative?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. More and more people would like to pay more attention to the famous people
who have achieved huge success in areas, such as cinema, sports. Why they attract
much interest from people? Do you think it good or bad?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
131
4. It is observed that in many countries not enough students are choosing to study
science subject. What are causes? And what will be effects on society?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
5. In many countries, government spent a large amount of money on improving
internet access. Why is it happening and do you think it is the most appropriate use
of government money?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
6. In many countries, people now wear Western clothes (suits, jeans) rather than
traditional clothing. Why? Is this a positive or negative development.
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
132
7. In some cities people are choosing cars instead of bicycles, while in other cities
riding bikes are replacing cars. Why is this the case? Which development do you
think is better?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
8. More people than ever before are travelling to other countries now. Why? Is this a
positive development or negative development?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
9. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of
technology.
In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make?
Has this become a positive or negative development?
Topic: _____________________________________________________________________
Keywords: ________________________________________________________________
 Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
133
Bài tập 2
People living in large cities today face many problems in their everyday life. What
are these problems? Should governments encourage people to move to smaller
regional towns?
Thân bài
Đoạn 1
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
Đoạn 2
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
− to motivate sb + to V = to stimulate sb + to V − a tremendous amount of

− to be a significant contributor to something − pitfat
− to be bombarded with something − inflicts
− to have a detrimental impact on something − irreparable damage
− high volumes of traffic − congestion
− the degraded air quality − population alleviation
− respiratory disease − hazardous
− results from − mitigates
− to contract − relocate to
134
2. Chọn từ thích hợp điền vào chỗ trống
deter metropolises diminish rural areas respiratory
capable of contamination principal emission addressed
a) noise _______________ is an often-overlooked pit-fat
b) they will certainly ___________ unpleasant noises
c) the city problems could be __________
d) dwellers are ___________ concentrating on their personal work
e) air and noise pollution are both __________ reasons
f) citizens in various _____________ are bombarded with degraded air quality
g) noises from traffic congestion could ____________ the health levels
h) the __________ of dust which is hazardous to the health
i) governments should motivate people to move to ____________
j) they have a tendency to contract numerous ___________ diseases
3. Chèn các ý trên vào chỗ trống thích hợp để hoàn thành bài mẫu
These days, urban dwellers have been suffering several problems in their daily life
such as air and noise pollution which undeniably have detrimental impacts on
individuals and the society as a whole. In my opinion, (1) ______________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
to enhance citizens’ living quality.
It is not difficult to render some reasons for these complicated social affairs which
involve several factors. The initial reason lies in the fact (2) ____________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
on a daily basis which absolutely results from the high volumes of traffic.
Consequently, (3) ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
due to breathing a tremendous amount of dirty air. Another factor that should be
taken into consideration is that (4) _____________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
which definitely inflicts countless irreparable damage on the mental health of
citizens. Actually, (5) ___________________________________________________________
of inhabitants, especially old ones, as well as disturb their work or study.
It is undeniable that hence such serious issues are they, governments ought to take
responsibility to stimulate city residents to move to far-flung regions. First and
foremost, thanks to population alleviation, (6) _________________________________
135
_________________________________________________________________________________
of individuals merely mitigates. Indeed, people living in both remote and urban
areas are able to access better air quality. A more essential factor why I advocate
this solution is that if they move to various faraway country sides, (7) _________
_________________________________________________________________________________ .
As a result, (8) _________________________________________________________________
in lieu of being distracted by noises such as car horn sounds.
From what has been discussed above, we may draw a conclusion that (9) ______
_________________________________________________________________________________
that cause many obstacles for citizens. My view is that the authorities need to
encourage residents to relocate to other regions so that (10) ___________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
and citizens can enjoy a better atmosphere.
136
Bài tập 3
Nowadays, more and more people decide to have children later in their life. What
are the reasons? Is this a negative or positive trend?
Thân bài
Đoạn 1 Trả lời câu hỏi 1
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
− to delay parenthood = to delay − aging changes
bearing children − chance of promotion
− to have a far-reaching impact on − career ladder
− to cost a fortune − associated with
− to improve one’s financial condition − in regards to
− to lay a sound foundation − excessive bleeding
− to receive utmost care − in one’s prime condition
− early parenthood − in the reproductive system
137
2. Viết mở bài và kết luận, dịch phần thân bài sang tiếng Anh
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Không khó để đưa ra một số nguyên nhân cho vấn đề xã hội phức tạp liên quan đến
nhiều yếu tố này. Lý do ban đầu nằm ở chỗ việc làm cha mẹ sớm chắc chắn có ảnh
hưởng sâu rộng đến sự nghiệp của cha mẹ, đặc biệt là người mẹ. Như một vấn đề,
ngày càng có nhiều phụ nữ trì hoãn việc sinh con do thực tế là sự phát triển này có
thể ảnh hưởng đến cơ hội thăng tiến của họ tại nơi làm việc và sự thăng tiến trong
nấc thang sự nghiệp của họ. Một yếu tố khác cần được xem xét là việc có con có thể
tiêu tốn rất nhiều tiền; do đó các cặp vợ chồng trẻ có xu hướng trì hoãn việc sinh con
để cải thiện điều kiện tài chính cho phù hợp để có thể trang trải cuộc sống và giáo
dục tốt hơn cho con cái.

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138
Hơn nữa, tôi cho rằng những ưu điểm của xu hướng đang phát triển này chắc chắn
bị lu mờ bởi những nhược điểm của nó. Một mặt, sinh con muộn giúp cha mẹ đặt
nền móng vững chắc cho sự cân bằng giữa công việc và cuộc sống, từ đó cho phép
con cái nhận được sự chăm sóc tối đa và giáo dục toàn diện. Mặt khác, tôi cho rằng
có những rủi ro sức khỏe không thể phủ nhận liên quan đến việc trì hoãn việc làm
cha mẹ đối với người mẹ. Một ví dụ điển hình của lý do này là chảy máu quá nhiều
sau khi sinh vì họ không còn trong tình trạng tốt nhất để sinh nở do những thay đổi
lão hóa trong hệ thống sinh sản.

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Bài tập 4
Parents often give children everything they ask for and do what they like. Is it good
for children? What are the consequences when they grow up?
Thân bài
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
− to respond to − basic personal hygiene
− to spoon-feed − inadvertently
− to handle trivial matters − adulthood
− to skip meals − repercussion
− to fail to acquire − in the comfort of parents’ lenience
− to be ill-equipped − whim
− to be inclined to − long-lasting consequences
− to nurture − overindulgence
− to be heedful of − hinders children from
− dire consequences − fundamental skills
140
2. Gợi ý phần thân bài
Đoạn 1: sự nuông chiều của cha mẹ ngăn trẻ học những kỹ năng cơ bản
Thí dụ minh họa : xu hướng thường thấy ở trẻ nhỏ dưới 10 tuổi
Giải thích : cha mẹ thường hay đút trẻ ăn và làm giúp trẻ những việc nhỏ nhặt
Kết quả 1: trẻ con từ chối ăn hoặc bỏ bữa
Kết quả 2: trẻ con không tự làm việc cá nhân của mình
Đoạn 2: về lâu dài, nuông chiều dẫn đến những hậu quả trầm trọng
Hậu quả 1: thỏa mãn mọi điều kiện làm trẻ quá phụ thuộc
Giải thích : trẻ kém trang bị cho những khó khăn vất vả khi trưởng thành
Hậu quả 2: trẻ có xu hướng ích kỷ và khó kiểm soát cảm xúc
Giải thích 1: trẻ quen sống trong sự bao dung của cha mẹ nên khó thông cảm với
người khác
Giải thích 2: khó có khả năng kiềm chế cảm xúc trước các tình huống xã hội
Dựa vào từ vựng đã cho và gợi ý, viết thành bài văn hoàn chỉnh
141
Bài tập 5
In recent years, the family structure has changed, as well as family roles. What
types of changes are occurring? Do you think these changes are positive and
negative?
Thân bài
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
+ lý do 1
+ lý do 2
− to be clarified − an extended household
− to establish a family − a nuclear family
− to consist of − household chores
− to have an active engagement in − childcare
− to exert constructive influences on − to complete domestic work
− to result in − the possibilities of conflicts
− modifications − the generation gap
− the structural transformation − gender equality

2. Dựa vào từ vựng đã cho, viết thành bài hoàn chỉnh.
142

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Greva Language School

PHẦN I: IELTS WRITING TASK 1

BÀI SỐ 1: DÀN BÀI CHUNG TASK 1 ................................................................................. 4

PHẦN II: IELTS WRIITNG TASK 2

BÀI SỐ 1: Giới thiệu về ielts writing task 2 ....................................................................... 43

với các đề bài.

quyết tâm chinh phục kỹ năng đầy thử thách này.

GIỚI THIỆU VỀ IELTS WRITING TASK 1

đa 20 phút cho phần này.

BÀI SỐ 1: DÀN BÀI CHUNG TASK 1

II. BỐ CỤC BÀI VIẾT

BÀI SỐ 2: MỞ BÀI VÀ TỔNG QUAN

dàng nhất có thể áp dụng.

B. CÁCH VIẾT PHẦN TỔNG QUAN

III. Các cấu trúc cần thiết

Cao nhất Thấp nhất

Viết mở bài và tổng quan cho các đề bài sau đây

make comparisons where relevant.

university in 2004 and 2009.

comparisons where relevant.

impoverished population. Summarize the information be selecting and reporting the

main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

DẠNG BÀI PROCESS

Các cấu trúc cần thiết

DẠNG BÀI MAP

 miêu tả 1 bản đồ (ít gặp trong đề thi)

 miêu tả 2 bản đồ (phổ biến hơn)

Cách sử dụng thì

Các cấu trúc cần thiết

area between 2000 and 2020.

 The drawing demonstrates changes in the layout of + đối tượng

area in the 20 year period.

*** Tổng quan

extensively with the addition, replacement and relocation of various facilities

over the given period.

cleared to make room for + đối tượng mới.

same + thời gian cụ thể

BÀI SỐ 3: CÁCH VIẾT PHẦN THÂN BÀI (BODY)

A. CÁCH VIẾT THÂN BÀI

** Cấu trúc so sánh

 There + to be + more than + số liệu + of + đối tượng

 So sánh nhất, at/ with + số liệu

VD: The percentage of animals in Brazil is highest, with 30%.

The highest percentage

Đối tượng + to be + the least common

VD: Japan is the most popular nation for politicians in 1990.

** Cấu trúc chỉ đại lượng

The amount/quantity (không đếm được)

The number/quantity (đếm được) + of + đối tượng + to be + số liệu

VD: The number of animals in Brazil is approximately 500,000.

** Dành riêng cho tỉ lệ phần trăm

Đối tượng + account for/comprise/ make up/ constitute + tỉ lệ phần trăm

VD: People traveling to Asian countries accounted for 52%

** Cấu trúc mô tả điểm cao nhất - thấp nhất

Điểm cao nhất Điểm thấp nhất

VD: The car users reach a peak at 25,000.

** Cấu trúc ghép 2 đối tượng mô tả

Clause (S + V) , followed by + Noun Phrase

by a dramatic decrease after 10 years.

Cách viết theo comparison

450,000 pounds, followed by that of France, at 400,000 pounds.

quantity in Poland, which had only 12,000.

Cách viết theo comparison