1.

The Living World

• Twin characteristics of growth
• Consciousness and self-consciousness
• Rules of nomenclature
• Definition of systematics
• Figure 1.1
• Table 1.1
• Key, flora, manual, monograph
2. Biological Classification
• Table 2.1
• Classification of bacteria based on their shape
• Uniqueness of archaebacteria
• Diatomaceous earth
• Red tide
• Four major groups of protozoans
• Symbiosis
• Why are deuteromycetes known as imperfect fungi?
• Viroids, prions
• Figure 2.6(b)
3. Plant Kingdom
• Examples of unicellular algae
• Table 3.1
• Why are bryophytes called as amphibians of the plant kingdom?
• Gemmae
• Difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms
• Plant life cycles and alternation of generation
4. Animal Kingdom
• Figure 4.4
• Coelenterata- medusa
• Platyhelminthes- flame cells
• Arthropoda- jointed appendages
• Hemichordata- proboscis
• Characteristics of chordata
• Difference between chordates and non-chordates
• Characteristics of vertebrata
• Cyclostomata- sucking and circular mouth without jaws
 • Chondrichthyes- notochord persistent throughout life
• Osteichthyes- air bladder
• Amphibia- respiration by gills, lungs and skin
• Reptilia- mode of locomotion: creep or crawl, three-chambered heart except crocodile
which is four-chambered
• Aves- forelimbs modified into wings
• Mammalia- mammary glands
• Table 4.2
5. Morphology of Flowering Plants
• Adventitious roots
• Figure 5.3
• Prop roots
• Modifications of stem
• Simple leaf and compound leaf
• Racemose and cymose inflorescence
• Figure 5.19(right)
• Semi-technical description of a typical flowering plant
• Floral formula of Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae
6. Anatomy of Flowering Plants
• Fascicular cambium
• Distinguish between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma
• Composition of xylem and phloem
• Figure 6.4
• Dicotyledonous root and stem
• Mesophyll cell
• Bulliform cell
• Heartwood and sapwood
• Lenticels
7. Structural Organisation in Animals
• Ciliated epithelium
• Adhering and gap junctions
• Adipose tissue
• Difference between cartilage and bond
• Cardiac muscle
• Neuroglia
• Earthworm- male and female genital pores, gizzard, nephridia, ganglia, “friends of farmers”
 • Cockroach- head, thorax and abdomen. Last paragraph of subheading ‘morphology’.
Malpighian tubules, haemocoel and haemolymph, mosaic vision, spermatophores and
ootheca
• Frog- head and trunk, tympanum, male frogs and female frogs.
8. Cell: The Unit of Life
• Cell theory
• Largest and smallest cells
• Gram positive and gram negative bacteria
• Difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
• Fluid mosaic model- explanation and diagram
• Mitochondria, plastids
• Satellite chromosome
9. Biomolecules
• Figure 9.1(sugars, nitrogen bases)
• Table 9.3
• Definition of biomacromolecules
• Peptide bond and glycosidic bond
• Nature of enzyme action
• Prosthetic groups, apoenzyme
10. Cell Cycle and Cell Division
• Figure 10.1
• Quiescent stage
• Metaphase plate
• Difference between mitosis and meiosis
• Significance of meiosis
11. Transport in Plants
• Diffusion
• Porins
• Symport and antiport
• Table 11.1
• Relation between water potential and pressure potential
• Osmosis- definition
• Hypotonic and hypertonic solutions
• Figure 11.8
• Cohesion, adhesion, surface tension
 • Pressure flow hypothesis
12. Mineral Nutrition
• Hydroponics
• Role of macro and micro nutrients- K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, B
• Toxicity of micronutrients
• Nitrogen cycle
• Transamination
13. Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
• Figure 13.2
• Light reaction- PS1, PS2
• Difference between C3 and C4 pathways/plants
• RuBP- primary acceptor of CO2
14. Respiration in Plants
• Glycolysis- net gain of ATP and NADH
• Figure 14.2
• Kreb’s cycle- figure 14.3
• Respiratory quotient
15. Plant Growth and Development
• Phases of growth
• Difference between dedifferentiation and redifferentiation
• 3 roles of each of the five plant hormones
16. Digestion and Absorption
• Dental formula
• Reactions of biomacromolecules breakdown in the chapter
• Disorders- indigestion, jaundice
17. Breathing and Exchange of Gases
• Respiratory volumes and capacities
• Figure 17.4
• Oxyhaemoglobin and carbaminohaemoglobin
• Emphysema
18. Body Fluids and Circulation
• Table 18.1
• Rh grouping
 • Bicuspid and tricuspid valves
• Sino-atrial node
• Definition of double circulation
• Difference between heart failure and cardiac arrest
19. Excretory Products and their Elimination
• Excretory organs of some organisms given in the chapter
• Human excretory system- nephrons, Bowman’s capsule, PCT and DCT, Henle’s loop
• Sebaceous glands
20. Locomotion and Movement
• Difference between striated and non-striated muscles
• Mechanism of muscle contraction
• Number of bones in skull, cranial and facial
• Number of pair of ribs, true ribs and false ribs
• Name and number of the bones constituting appendicular skeleton
• Myasthenia gravis, osteoporosis
21. Neural Control and Coordination
• Figure 21.1
• Synapse
• Figure 21.3
• Hindbrain
• Reflex action and reflex arc, figure 21.5
• Gustatory and olfactory receptors
• Eye- blind spot, vitreous chamber
• Ear- pinna, tympanic membrane, cochlea
22. Chemical Coordination and Integration
• Growth hormone- gigantism, dwarfism
• Corpus leuteum
• Mechanism of hormone action