Pelton and Francis turbines

1. Show that in a Pelton wheel where the buckets deflect the water through an angle 𝛽,
the hydraulic efficiency of the wheel is given by:
2𝑈(𝑉1 − 𝑈)(1 − 𝑘. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽)
𝜂ℎ𝑦𝑑 =
𝑉12

Where 𝑉1 is the velocity of the jet, 𝑈 is the mean blade velocity, and k is the
output/input relative velocity ratio.

2. A Pelton wheel rotates at 500 rpm under a head of 320 m with overall efficiency of
84%. The ratio of the peripheral velocity of the wheel to the jet velocity is 0.45, and
specific speed is 17. Assume the nozzle velocity coefficient 0.98 Find the jet diameter,
the wheel diameter and the Turbine power.

3. The buckets of the Pelton Turbine deflect the jet through an angle of 165°, while the
relative velocity of the water is reduced by 10% due to the bucket friction. Find the
turbine speed ratio so that the exit water velocity will be in the axial direction.
If the wheel rotates at 500 rpm under ahead of 320 meters with an overall efficiency
of 84% and the specific speed is 17. Find the jet diameter, the wheel diameter, and the
turbine power. Assume nozzle velocity coefficient to be 0.98.

4. A Pelton wheel develops 2000 kilowatts under a head of 300 meters an overall
efficiency of 84%. The ratio of the peripheral velocity of the wheel to the jet velocity
is 0.45, and the specific speed is 17. Assume that the nozzle velocity coefficient would
be 0.98, find the jet diameter and the wheel diameter.

5. Show that for a Pelton wheel, where the buckets deflect the water through an angle
𝛽 the hydraulic efficiency of the wheel is given by:
𝜙
𝜂ℎ𝑦𝑑 = 2 2 . (𝐶𝑟 − 𝜙). (1 − 𝑘. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽)
𝐶𝑟
Where 𝜙 is a turbine speed coefficient, 𝐶𝑟 is nozzle velocity coefficient, and 𝑘 is the
output/input relative velocity ratio.

6. A Pelton wheel rotates at 500 RPM under an available head of 325 meters with a
transmission head loss of 15 meters. The turbine speed coefficient is 0.45, bucket
angle is 165°, wheel diameter/jet diameter is 12, and output/input relative velocity
ratio is 0.9. Assume that the nozzle velocity coefficient is 0.98 and the mechanical
efficiency is 98%. Find:
a- The turbine overall efficiency
b- The wheel diameter
c- The jet diameter
d- The turbine power.
e- The turbine specific speed

7. An inward reaction turbine runner has outer and inner diameters of 1.4m and 0.7m
respectively. The runner the vanes angle at inlet is 90°, the discharge is radial at outlet,
and the water enters the vanes at an angle of 12°. Assume that the velocity of the flow
to be constant and equal to 2.8 m/s. Find:
 a- The speed of the runner
b- The vane angle at outlet
c- The hydraulic efficiency
d- The flow coefficient and speed coefficient

8. Show that for an inward flow Francis turbine the specific speed equal:
𝑏1
𝑁𝑠 = 988√ . √𝜂. √𝜓 . 𝜙
𝐷1
Where, 𝐷1 is the inlet rotor diameter, 𝑏1 is the rotor height at inlet, 𝜂 is the turbine
overall efficiency, 𝜓 is the flow coefficient, and . 𝜙 is the speed coefficient.

9. Show that in an inward flow Francis turbine, when the velocity flow is constant and
1
the runner vanes angle at entrance is 90°, the best speed coefficient is where
√2+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼
𝛼 is the angle of the guide vanes. If turbine head is 20m, runner outside diameter is
2m, and 𝛼 = 20° find the speed coefficient and the rotational speed of the runner.