وزاريات الفصل الثالث حسب المنهج الجديد 2024 الاستاذ عقيل الخفاجي1

‫حلـول االسئـلـة الـوزاريـة‬
‫من ( ‪ ) 2013‬اىل ( ‪ / 2023‬الدور الثبلث )‬
‫الفصـل الثـبلـث‬
‫االتـزان االيـونـي‬
‫راجـع اخطـائـك قبـل فـوات االوان فـان مسـتقبلـك االن بيـن‬

‫يـديـك والفـرصـة ال تعـود ونـدمـك ال ينفعـك‬
‫لكـل مجـتكـد نصـيب‬
‫‪#‬عقيلنـا انثـالبينـا دولتنـه‬
‫املزلزة الىاايي الااةزل‬ ‫االدتـاذ ‪ /‬رقيـل اضخفـاجـي‬
‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫الفصـل الثـالـث ‪ /‬االتـزان االيـىني ‪Ionic Equilibrium‬‬

‫س ‪ /‬طا اضطقصود بصل ططا يأتي ‪-:‬‬
‫اضطواد االضصتروضيتيظ ( ‪ / 2018‬تطكيدي ت )‬
‫ٕ‪ ٜ‬اىَ٘اد اىز‪ ٜ‬رنُ٘ ٍؾبى‪ٞ‬يٖب اىَبئ‪ٞ‬خ اىقبثي‪ٞ‬خ ػي‪ ٚ‬ر٘ص‪ٞ‬و اىز‪ٞ‬بس اىنٖشثبئ‪ ٜ‬ثغجت رأ‪ْٖٝ‬ب اى‪ ٚ‬ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ٍ٘عجخ ٗعبىجخ‬
‫ٍضو مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ ٗ NaCl ً٘ٝ‬ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ‪. CH3COOH‬‬
‫اضطواد زير االضصتروضيتيظ ( ‪ / 2017‬تطكيدي ت ‪ / 2019 +‬د‪ 3‬ت )‬
‫ٕ‪ ٜ‬اىَ٘اد اىز‪ ٜ‬رنُ٘ ٍؾبى‪ٞ‬يٖب اىَبئ‪ٞ‬خ غ‪ٞ‬ش ٍ٘صيخ ىيز‪ٞ‬بس اىنٖشثبئ‪ ٜ‬ثغجت ػذً رأ‪ْٖٝ‬ب اى‪ ٚ‬ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ٍ٘عجخ ٗعبىجخ ٍضو‬
‫اىغنش ‪ٗ C12H22O11‬اىَ‪ٞ‬ضبّ٘ه ‪. CH3OH‬‬
‫االضصتروضيت اضضطيف ( ‪ / 2018‬د‪ 1‬خارج ت )‬
‫ٕيي‪ ٜ‬اىَيي٘اد اىزيي‪ ٜ‬رنييُ٘ ٍؾبى‪ٞ‬يٖييب اىَبئ‪ٞ‬ييخ ظييؼ‪ٞ‬يخ اىز٘صيي‪ٞ‬و ىيز‪ٞ‬ييبس اىنٖشثييبئ‪ ٜ‬بّٖييب ئ رينييل رزييأ‪ ِٝ‬ث يينو عضئيي‪ٜ‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ئ غ‪ٞ‬ش ربً اى‪ ٚ‬ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ٍ٘عجخ ٗا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد عبىجخ ٗ‪ٝ‬ؼجش ػِ ريننٖب ثغَٖ‪ ِٞ‬ئ‬
‫االضصتروضيت اضقويظ ( ‪ / 2020‬د‪ 3‬ت )‬
‫ٕ‪ ٜ‬اىَ٘اد اىز‪ ٜ‬رنُ٘ ٍؾبى‪ٞ‬يٖب اىَبئ‪ٞ‬خ ػبى‪ٞ‬خ اىز٘ص‪ٞ‬و ىيز‪ٞ‬بس اىنٖشثبئ‪ٗ ٜ‬رىيل ثغيجت ريننٖيب اىزيبً اىي‪ ٚ‬ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬يبد ٍ٘عجيخ‬
‫ٗا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد عبىجخ ٗر َو اىؾ٘اٍط اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ٗاىق٘اػذ اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ٍٗؼظٌ االٍالػ اىزائجخ ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء ‪.‬‬
‫درجظ اضتأين أو درجظ اضتفك ( ‪ / 2017‬تطكيدي ‪ / 2017 +‬د‪ 2‬طوصل ‪ / 2022 +‬د‪ / 2023 + 2‬تطكيدي )‬
‫ٕ‪ ٜ‬اىْغجخ ث‪ ِٞ‬مَ‪ٞ‬خ اىصْف اىَزاة اىَزيننخ ػْذ ؽبىخ االرضاُ اى‪ ٚ‬مَ‪ٞ‬خ اىصْف اىَزاة اىني‪ٞ‬خ ‪.‬‬
‫حاطض احادي اضبروتون‬
‫ٕ٘ اىؾبٍط اىز‪ْٝ ٛ‬زظ مو عض‪ٛ‬ء ٍْٔ ثشٗرُ٘ ٗاؽذ فقػ ػْذ ريننٔ ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء ٗ‪َٝ‬نِ اُ ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ ٕزا اىؾبٍط ق٘‪ٝ‬ب ً أٗ‬
‫ظؼ‪ٞ‬يب ً ‪ .‬ئ اُ ٕزا ‪ٝ‬ؼْ‪ ٜ‬اُ مو عض‪ٛ‬ء ٍْٔ ‪ٝ‬ؾ٘‪ ٛ‬رسح ٕ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ٗ ِٞ‬اؽذح قبثيخ ىيزأ‪. ِٝ‬‬
‫حاطض طتطدد اضبروتون ( ‪ / 2015‬د‪ 2‬خارج ‪ / 2015 +‬د‪ / 2017 + 3‬د‪ / 2017 + 2‬د‪ 2‬خارج ‪ / 2020‬تطكيدي )‬
‫ٕ٘ اىؾبٍط اىز‪َٝ ٛ‬نِ ىنو عض‪ٛ‬ء ٍْٔ اُ ‪ْٝ‬زظ ثشٗرُ٘ أٗ امضش ٗػي‪ٍ ٚ‬شاؽو ٍزؼذدح ٗغبىجب ً ٍب ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ اىجشٗرُ٘‬
‫اىز‪ْٝ ٛ‬زظ ف‪ ٜ‬اىخط٘ح االخ‪ٞ‬شح ظؼ‪ٞ‬ف ٍضو ئ ‪. H2C2O4 , H3PO4‬‬
‫اضتأين اضذاتي ضضطاء ( ‪ / 2019‬تطكيدي )‬
‫ٕ٘ ريبػو م‪َٞٞ‬بئ‪ٝ ٜ‬زٌ ف‪ ٔٞ‬اّزقبه ثشٗرُ٘ ٍِ عض‪ٛ‬ء ٍبء اى‪ ٚ‬عض‪ٛ‬ء ٍبء اخش ٗ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ ّبرظ ٕزٓ اىؼَي‪ٞ‬خ ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء‬
‫اىْق‪ ٜ‬رنُ٘ اػذاد ٍزغبٗ‪ٝ‬خ ٍِ ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسّٗ‪ٗ H3O+ ً٘ٞ‬ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ ‪. OH-‬‬
‫تأثير االيون اضطذترك ( ‪ / 2014‬خاص )‬
‫ٕ‪ ٜ‬ظبٕشح رقي‪ٞ‬و رينل االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ذ اىعؼ‪ٞ‬ف اىْبرغخ ػِ ٗع٘د اىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ذ ق٘‪ٝ ٛ‬ؾ٘‪ ٛ‬اؽذ ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ذ‬
‫اىعؼ‪ٞ‬ف ف‪ّ ٜ‬يظ اىَؾي٘ه ‪.‬‬
‫طحضول بفر ( ‪ / 2013‬تطكيدي ‪ / 2013 +‬د‪ / 2019 + 1‬د‪ / 2021 + 2‬د‪ 2‬تصطيضي )‬
‫ٍؾي٘ه ٍبئ‪ٍ ٜ‬نُ٘ ٍِ ٍض‪ٝ‬ظ ىؾبٍط ظؼ‪ٞ‬ف ٍغ اؽذ اٍالؽٔ ئ اىقبػذح اىقش‪ْٝ‬خ ىيؾبٍط اىعؼ‪ٞ‬ف أٗ قبػذح ظيؼ‪ٞ‬يخ‬
‫ٍييغ اؽييذ اٍالؽٖييب ئ اىؾييبٍط اىقييش‪ ِٝ‬ىيقبػييذح اىعييؼ‪ٞ‬يخ ٗ‪ٝ‬نييُ٘ ىٖييزا اىَييض‪ٝ‬ظ اىقبثي‪ٞ‬ييخ ػييي‪ٍ ٚ‬قبٍٗييخ اىزر‪ٞ‬ييش فيي‪ ٜ‬االط‬
‫اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ pH ْٜٞ‬ػْذ اظبفخ مَ‪ٞ‬خ صر‪ٞ‬شح ٍِ ؽبٍط ق٘‪ ٛ‬أٗ قبػذح ق٘‪ٝ‬خ اى‪. ٔٞ‬‬
‫‪119‬‬ ‫االتـزان االيـىنـي‬

‫‪100‬‬ ‫طريق النجاح والىصىل اىل‬
‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫شاردة بروظذتد ( ‪ / 2020‬د‪) 1‬‬

‫ٕ‪ ٜ‬اىَبدح اىز‪ ٜ‬ىٖب اىقبثي‪ٞ‬خ ػي‪ ٚ‬امزغبة ثشٗرُ٘ ٍنّ٘ٔ ؽبٍط قش‪ٗ ِٝ‬قذ رنُ٘ عض‪ٝ‬ئخ ٍزؼبدىخ اٗ ا‪ٍ٘ ُ٘ٝ‬عت اٗ‬
‫ا‪ ُ٘ٝ‬عبىت ‪.‬‬
‫ضوري ( ‪ / 2020‬د‪ 2‬تصطيضي ) ٕ‪ ٜ‬اىَبدح اىز‪ ٜ‬ىٖب اىقبثي‪ٞ‬خ ػي‪ ٚ‬فقذاُ ثشٗرُ٘ ىزن٘‪ ِٝ‬قبػذح قش‪ْٝ‬خ ‪.‬‬ ‫حاطض بروظذتد‬
‫االطالح اضقارديظ ( ‪ / 2020‬د‪ 2‬ت )‬
‫ٕ‪ ٜ‬االٍالػ اىْبرغخ ٍِ اراثخ اٍالػ ٍ زقخ ٍِ ق٘اػذ ق٘‪ٝ‬خ ٗؽ٘اٍط ظؼ‪ٞ‬يخ ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء ٗ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ اىَؾي٘ه اىْبرظ رٗ‬
‫صيخ قبػذ‪ٝ‬خ ‪.‬‬
‫االطالح اضحاطضيظ ( ‪ / 2021‬د‪ 1‬ت )‬
‫ٕ‪ ٜ‬االٍالػ اىَ زقخ ٍِ ق٘اػذ ظؼ‪ٞ‬يخ ٗؽ٘اٍط ق٘‪ٝ‬خ ٗرنُ٘ راد صيخ ؽبٍع‪ٞ‬خ دائَب ً ٍضو ‪. NH4Cl‬‬
‫س ‪ /‬رضل صالً طا يأتي ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ْٝ -1‬زظ ػِ رٗثبُ االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬زبد اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء ٍؾبى‪ٞ‬و ػبى‪ٞ‬خ اىز٘ص‪ٞ‬و ىينٖشثبئ‪ٞ‬خ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬زبد اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ػبى‪ٞ‬خ اىز٘ص‪ٞ‬و ىينٖشثبئ‪ٞ‬خ ‪ .‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ / 2018 + ٛ‬د‪ 2‬د ‪ / 2020 +‬د‪ 2‬رنَ‪ٞ‬ي‪ٜ‬‬
‫ط ‪ٗ /‬رىل بّٖب رزينل ثص٘سح ربٍخ اى‪ ٚ‬ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ٍ٘عجخ ٗعبىجخ ٗاىز‪ ٜ‬ىٖب اىقذسح ػي‪ ٚ‬اىز٘ص‪ٞ‬و اىنٖشثبئ‪. ٜ‬‬
‫‪ْٝ -3‬زظ ػِ رٗثبُ االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬زبد اىعؼ‪ٞ‬يخ ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء ٍؾبى‪ٞ‬و ظؼ‪ٞ‬يخ اىز٘ص‪ٞ‬و ىينٖشثبئ‪ٞ‬خ ‪ .‬ئ ‪ / 2023‬د‪2‬‬
‫ط ‪ /‬بّٖب رزأ‪ ِٝ‬ث نو عضئ‪ ٜ‬ئ ٍؾذٗد اٗ غ‪ ٜ‬ربً ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾبى‪ٞ‬يٖب اىَبئ‪ٞ‬خ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬رقو ‪ Ka‬ثبعزَشاس رأ‪ ِٝ‬اىؾبٍط اىعؼ‪ٞ‬ف اىَزؼذد اىجشٗرُ٘ ‪ .‬ئ ‪ / 2014‬خبسط‬
‫ط ‪ /‬ثغجت ّقصبُ قبثي‪ٞ‬خ االصْبف اىز‪ ٜ‬رؾَو اى ؾْخ اىغبىجخ ػي‪ ٚ‬فقذاُ ثشٗرُ٘ ٍ٘عت اى ؾْخ ثغجت اصد‪ٝ‬بد‬
‫اىزغبرة االىنزشٗعزبر‪ٞ‬ن‪ ٜ‬ث‪ ِٞ‬ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد رساد اى ؾْبد اىَخزييخ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬رضداد دسعخ رأ‪ ِٝ‬االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬زبد اىعؼ‪ٞ‬ف ػْذ اىزخي‪ٞ‬ف ‪ .‬ئ ‪ / 2013‬د‪ 2‬رنَ‪ٞ‬ي‪ / 2016 + ٜ‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬
‫ط ‪ /‬ػْذ اظبفخ اىَبء ‪ٝ‬قو رشم‪ٞ‬ض اىَزينل ٍِ االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ذ اىعؼ‪ٞ‬ف ىزا ‪ٝ‬زغٔ اىزيبػو ّؾ٘ اىزيبػو االٍبٍ‪ ٜ‬ىزؼ٘‪ٝ‬ط‬
‫ٕزا اىْقص اىؾبصو ٗؽغت قبػذح ى٘شبر‪ٞ‬ئ ٗثزىل رضداد دسعخ رأ‪ ِٝ‬االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ذ اىعؼ‪ٞ‬ف ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -6‬رقو دسعخ رينل ‪ HF‬ػْذ اظبفخ ٍيؼ ‪ NaF‬اى‪ . ٔٞ‬ئ ‪ / 2018‬د‪3‬‬
‫ط ‪ /‬ؽغت قبػذح ى٘شبري‪ ٔٞ‬ع٘ف ‪ٝ‬ضداد رشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٝٗ F-‬زغٔ اىزيبػو ثزغبٓ اىَزيبػالد ‪ /‬اىخيي‪ ٜ‬أ‪ ٛ‬ثغجت ٗع٘د اال‪ُ٘ٝ‬‬
‫اىَ زشك ٗىزقي‪ٞ‬و ص‪ٝ‬بدح رشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٝ F-‬زغٔ ثبالرغبٓ اىخيي‪ٝٗ ٜ‬قو رينل ‪. HF‬‬
‫‪HF‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪F-1‬‬

‫‪NaF‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪F-1‬‬
‫ا‪ ٍ ُ٘ٝ‬زشك‬
‫‪ -7‬رضداد دسعخ رينل ‪ HNO2‬ثبظبفخ اىَبء اى‪ٗ ٔٞ‬رقو ثبظبفخ ‪ . KNO2‬ئ ‪ / 2015‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬
‫ط ‪ /‬الُ ثبظبفخ اىَبء ‪ٝ‬قو ‪ H+‬ىزىل ىزؼ٘‪ٝ‬ط اىْقص اىؾبصو ثزشم‪ٞ‬ضٕب ‪ٝ‬ضداد رينل ‪ HNO2‬ث‪َْٞ‬ب ػْذ اظبفخ‬
‫‪ٝ KNO2‬ضداد ‪ NO2-1‬ىزىل ‪ٝ‬زغٔ اىزيبػو ثبالرغبٓ اىخيي‪ ٜ‬ى‪ٞ‬قو رشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٗ NO2-1‬رقو ‪ٗ H+‬رقو دسعخ اىزينل ‪.‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫‪ٝ -8‬ضداد رينل ‪ HCN‬ػْذ اظبفخ اىَبء اى‪ٝٗ ٔٞ‬قو ػْذ اظبفخ ‪ . NaCN‬ئ ‪ / 2016‬د‪ 3‬خبسط‬
‫ىزىل ‪ٝ‬ضداد اىزينل ث‪َْٞ‬ب ػْذ‬ ‫ٗئ‬ ‫ط ‪ /‬بّٔ ػْذ اظبفخ اىَبء ‪ٝ‬صجؼ اىَؾي٘ه ٍخييب ً ٗ‪ٝ‬قو رشم‪ٞ‬ض اال‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ئ‬
‫اظبفخ اىَيؼ ‪ NaCN‬ع٘ف ‪ٝ‬صجؼ ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ٍ زشمخ ٗ‪ٝ‬زغٔ اىزيبػو خيي‪ ٜ‬ىزىل ‪ٝ‬قو اىزينل ‪.‬‬
‫‪HCN‬‬ ‫‪H+ + CN-‬‬ ‫‪HCN‬‬ ‫‪H+ + CN-‬‬
‫‪H2O‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪OH-‬‬ ‫‪NaCN‬‬ ‫‪Na+ +‬‬ ‫‪CN-‬‬
‫‪ -9‬رقو دسعخ رينل ٍؾي٘ه ‪ HCN‬ػْذ اظبفخ ‪ NaCN‬اى‪ . ٔٞ‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪ 2‬د‬
‫‪HCN‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪CN-‬‬

‫‪NaCN‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪CN-‬‬
‫ؽغت‬ ‫ط ‪ /‬ثغجت ٗع٘د ا‪ ٍ ُ٘ٝ‬زشك اىز‪ٝ ٛ‬شعؼ اىزيبػو اىؼنغ‪ ٜ‬ف‪ٞ‬قو رينل االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ذ اىعؼ‪ٞ‬ف ئ اىؾبٍط‬
‫قبػذح ى٘شبري‪. ٔٞ‬‬
‫ط ‪ٍ /‬ب اىيشق ث‪ ِٞ‬اىَ٘اد االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ز‪ٞ‬خ ٗاىَ٘اد غ‪ٞ‬ش االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ز‪ٞ‬خ ؟ ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪ 2‬د‬

‫اضطواد زير االضصتروضيتيظ‬ ‫اضطواد االضصتروضيتيظ‬
‫‪ ٜٕ -1‬اىَ٘اد اىز‪ ٜ‬رنُ٘ ٍؾبى‪ٞ‬يٖب اىَبئ‪ٞ‬خ أٗ ‪ ٜٕ -1‬اىَ٘اد اىز‪ ٜ‬رنُ٘ ٍؾبى‪ٞ‬يٖب اىَبئ‪ٞ‬خ أٗ ٍْصٖشارٖب‬
‫غ‪ٞ‬ش ٍ٘صيخ ىيز‪ٞ‬بس اىنٖشثبئ‪ ٜ‬سغٌ رٗثبّٖب ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء ‪.‬‬ ‫ٍْصٖشارٖب ئ مبالٍالػ اىقبثي‪ٞ‬خ ػي‪ ٚ‬اىز٘ص‪ٞ‬و‬
‫اىنٖشثبئ‪. ٜ‬‬
‫‪ -2‬رزينل ىزؼط‪ ٜ‬ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ٍ٘عجخ ٗا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد عبىجخ ٍضو ‪ -2‬ال رزينل ا‪ ٛ‬ال رؼط‪ ٜ‬ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ٍ٘عجخ ٗا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد عبىجخ‬
‫ٍضو اىنؾ٘ه ٗاالعزشاد ٗاىغنشٗص ‪.‬‬ ‫اىؾ٘اٍط ٗاىق٘اػذ ٗاالٍالػ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ال رصْف اى‪ ٚ‬اىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬زبد ق٘‪ٝ‬خ ٗظؼ‪ٞ‬يخ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬رصْف اى‪ ٚ‬اىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬زبد ق٘‪ٝ‬خ ٗظؼ‪ٞ‬يخ ‪.‬‬
‫ط ‪ٍ /‬ب اىيشق ث‪ ِٞ‬االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬زبد اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ٗاالىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬زبد اىعؼ‪ٞ‬يخ ؟ ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪ 1‬د‬

‫االضصتروضيتات اضضطيفظ‬ ‫االضصتروضيتات اضقويظ‬
‫‪ -1‬تفاعالتها غير تامة ( انعكاسية ) ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬تفاعالتها تامة ( غير انعكاسية ) ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬تتأين بشكل جزئي في محاليمها المائية ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬تتأين بصورة تامة في محاليمها المائية‬
‫‪ -3‬ضعيفة التوصيل لمكهربائية ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬جيدة التوصيل لمكهربائية ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ال تصل الى حالة االتزان وانما تستهمك فيها ‪ -4‬محاليمها المائية يكون لها اتزان ايوني بين مكوناته ‪.‬‬
‫المتفاعالت كمياً ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬يمكن حساب تراكيز االيونات الناتجة بصورة ‪ -5‬يمكن حساب تراكيز االيونات الناتجة بداللة ثابت‬
‫االتزان ‪.‬‬ ‫مباشرة ‪.‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط ‪ٍ /‬ب اىصيبد اىََ‪ٞ‬ضح ىالىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬زبد ؟ ئ ‪ / 2014‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ / 2020 + ٛ‬د‪2‬‬
‫‪ -1‬قبثي‪ٞ‬زٖب ػي‪ ٚ‬ا‪ٝ‬صبه اىز‪ٞ‬بس اىنٖشثبئ‪ ٜ‬ف‪ ٜ‬ؽبىزٖب اىَْصٖشح أٗ ػْذٍب رنُ٘ ٍ٘ع٘دح ػي‪ ٚ‬شنو ٍؾي٘ه ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ز‪ٝ‬ت‬
‫ٍغزقطجخ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬رنُ٘ ٍؾصيخ اى ؾْخ اىنٖشثبئ‪ٞ‬خ ىَؾبى‪ٞ‬و االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬زبد ٍغبٗ‪ٝ‬خ ىيصيش ‪ ,‬أ‪ ٛ‬اُ ٍؾبى‪ٞ‬يٖب رنُ٘ ٍزؼبدىخ‬
‫مٖشثبئ‪ٞ‬ب ً ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ػْذ رٗثبُ االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬زبد ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ز‪ٝ‬ت ٍغزقطت مبىَبء فأُ ٍؾي٘ىٖب ع٘ف ‪ٝ‬زعَِ ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ٍ٘عجخ ٗا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد عبىجخ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬رؼزَذ قبثي‪ٞ‬خ اىَؾي٘ه االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ز‪ ٜ‬ىيز٘ص‪ٞ‬و اىنٖشثبئ‪ ٜ‬ػي‪ ٚ‬غج‪ٞ‬ؼخ اال‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد اىَنّ٘خ ىٔ ٗػي‪ ٚ‬رشام‪ٞ‬ض اال‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد‬
‫ف‪ ٔٞ‬اظبفخ اى‪ ٚ‬دسعخ ؽشاسح اىَؾي٘ه ‪.‬‬
‫ط ‪ /‬ػالً رؼزَذ قبثي‪ٞ‬خ اىَؾي٘ه االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ز‪ ٜ‬ىيز٘ص‪ٞ‬و اىنٖشثبئ‪ ٜ‬؟ ػذدٕب ئ رأر‪ ٜ‬فشاغبد ا‪ٝ‬عب ً‬
‫ئ ‪ / 2013‬خبسط ‪ / 2014 +‬خبص ‪ / 2015 +‬خبسط ‪ / 2018 +‬د‪ / 2020 + 2‬د‪ 1‬فشاغبد‬
‫ط ‪ -1 /‬غج‪ٞ‬ؼخ اال‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد اىَنّ٘خ ىٔ ‪ -2 .‬رشم‪ٞ‬ض اال‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ف‪ ٜ‬اىَؾي٘ه ‪ -3 .‬دسعخ ؽشاسح اىَؾي٘ه ‪.‬‬
‫ط ‪ْٕ /‬بك صالصخ فئبد ٍِ اىَ٘اد االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ز‪ٞ‬خ اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ‪ ,‬ػذدٕب ؟ ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪3‬‬

‫‪ -3‬اٍالػ رائجخ ثبىَبء ئ ربٍخ اىزٗثبُ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬اىق٘اػذ اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ‪.‬‬ ‫ط ‪ -1 /‬اىؾ٘اٍط اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ‪.‬‬
‫ط ‪ /‬ػالً رؼزَذ ق٘ح اىؾبٍط اٗ اىقبػذح ؽغت ّظش‪ٝ‬خ ثشّٗ زذ – ى٘س‪ ٛ‬؟ ػذد رىل ‪ .‬ئ ‪ / 2022‬د‪1‬‬
‫ط ‪ -1 /‬رؼزَذ ق٘ح اىؾبٍط ػي‪ٍ ٚ‬ذ‪ ٙ‬قبثي‪ٞ‬خ اىؾبٍط ػي‪ ٚ‬فقذاُ اىجشٗرُ٘ ‪. H+‬‬
‫‪ -2‬رؼزَذ ق٘ح اىقبػذح ػي‪ٍ ٚ‬ذ‪ ٙ‬قبثي‪ٞ‬خ اىقبػذح ػي‪ ٚ‬امزغبة اىجشٗرُ٘ ‪. H+‬‬
‫‪ -3‬رؼزَذ ػي‪ ٚ‬اى٘عػ اىز‪ٝ ٛ‬ؾز٘‪ٕ ٛ‬زٓ ابصْبف ‪.‬‬
‫ط ‪ /‬امزت ٍؼبدالد رأ‪ ِٝ‬ؽبٍط اىنجش‪ٝ‬ز٘ص ‪ , H2SO3‬أ‪ ٛ‬خط٘ح ىٖب صبثذ رأ‪ ِٝ‬أمجش ؟ ٗىَبرا ؟ ئ ‪ / 2016‬د‪ 3‬خبسط‬
‫ط‪/‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪H2SO3‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪+ HSO3‬‬ ‫‪Ka1‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪HSO3‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪+ SO3‬‬ ‫‪Ka2‬‬
‫‪Ka1‬‬ ‫‪Ka2‬‬
‫ثغجت ّقصبُ قبثي‪ٞ‬خ االصْبف اىز‪ ٜ‬رؾَو اى ؾْخ اىغبىجخ ػي‪ ٚ‬فقذاُ ثشٗرُ٘ ٍ٘عت اى ؾْخ ثغجت اصد‪ٝ‬بد اىزغبرة‬
‫االىنزشٗعزبر‪ٞ‬ن‪ ٜ‬ث‪ ِٞ‬ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد رساد اى ؾْبد اىَخزييخ ‪.‬‬
‫ط ‪ /‬ػذد اىؼ٘اٍو اىَؤصشح ف‪ ٜ‬اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ؟ ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪2‬‬

‫‪ -3‬رأص‪ٞ‬ش االط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪. ْٜٞ‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬رأص‪ٞ‬ش اال‪ ُ٘ٝ‬اىَ زشك ‪.‬‬ ‫ط ‪ -1 /‬رأص‪ٞ‬ش دسعخ اىؾشاسح ‪.‬‬
‫ط ‪ٗ /‬ظؼ رأص‪ٞ‬ش دسعخ اىؾشاسح ػي‪ ٚ‬اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ؟ ئ ‪ / 2019‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ ٛ‬د ‪ / 2020 +‬د‪ / 2023 + 3‬د‪ / 2023 + 2‬د‪ 2‬د‬
‫ط ‪ٍ /‬ب رأص‪ٞ‬ش اىزغخ‪ ِٞ‬ػي‪ ٚ‬اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ٍِ ؽ‪ٞ‬ش اى٘اقغ اىؼيَ‪ ٜ‬؟ ئ ‪ / 2023‬د‪ 3‬د‬
‫ط ‪ /‬رضدا د رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ٍؼظٌ اىشٗاعت اى ؾ‪ٞ‬ؾخ اىزٗثبُ ثض‪ٝ‬بدح دسعخ اىؾشاسح ئ اىزغخ‪ٗ ِٞ‬رخزيف ٍقذاس ٕزٓ اىض‪ٝ‬بدح‬
‫ٍِ ٍبدح اى‪ ٚ‬اخش‪. ٙ‬‬
‫ع٘اة اخش ‪ /‬ػْذ ص‪ٝ‬بدح دسعخ اىؾشاسح رضداد اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ىؼذد مج‪ٞ‬ش ٍِ اىَ٘اد اى ؾ‪ٞ‬ؾخ اىزٗثبُ ٗرخزيف ٕزٓ اىض‪ٝ‬بدح‬
‫ٍِ ٍبدح اى‪ ٚ‬اخش‪. ٙ‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط ‪ٍ /‬ب اىزَزٗة ؟ ٍٗب رأص‪ٞ‬ش دسعخ اىؾشاسح ػي‪ ٚ‬اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ؟ ئ ‪ / 2021‬د‪1‬‬
‫ط‪/‬‬
‫اىزَزٗة ‪ ٕ٘ :‬ػَي‪ٞ‬خ ريبػو اىصْف اىَزاة ٍغ عض‪ٝ‬ئبد اىَز‪ٝ‬ت ‪.‬‬
‫رأص‪ٞ‬ش دسعخ اىؾشاسح ػي‪ ٚ‬اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ‪:‬‬
‫اُ ػَي‪ٞ‬خ رٗثبُ ا‪ٍ ٛ‬بدح رصبؽجٖب اٍزصبص غبقخ ىيزريت ػي‪ ٚ‬ق٘‪ ٙ‬اىزشاثػ ث‪ٍ ِٞ‬نّ٘بد اىَبدح اىَزاثخ ٗاىز‪ٜ‬‬
‫رؾصو ػي ‪ٖٞ‬ب ٍِ اّز بس ٗرَ‪ٞ‬ؤ ٍنّ٘بد اىَبدح ف‪ ٜ‬اى٘عػ اىَبئ‪ٍَ ٜ‬ب ‪ٝ‬ؤد‪ ٛ‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؼظٌ االؽ‪ٞ‬بُ اى‪ ٚ‬اسريبع اٗ‬
‫اّخيبض دسعخ ؽشاسح اىَؾي٘ه رجؼب ً ىييشق ث‪ ِٞ‬اىطبقخ اىََزصخ ٗاىطبقخ اىَزؾشسح ‪.‬‬
‫ٗف‪ ٜ‬اى٘اقغ اىؼَي‪ : ٜ‬رضداد رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ٍؼظٌ اىشٗاعت شؾ‪ٞ‬ؾخ اىزٗثبُ ثض‪ٝ‬بدح دسعخ اىؾشاسح ٗىنِ رخزيف ٍقذاس ٕزٓ‬
‫اىض‪ٝ‬بدح ٍِ ٍبدح اى‪ ٚ‬اخش‪. ٙ‬‬
‫ط ‪ٗ /‬ظؼ رأص‪ٞ‬ش اال‪ ُ٘ٝ‬اىَ زشك ػي‪ ٚ‬اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ؟ ئ ‪ / 2015‬د‪ / 2018 + 2‬د‪ 1‬خبسط ‪ / 2020 +‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ ٛ‬د ‪+‬‬
‫‪ / 2020‬د‪ 2‬رنَ‪ٞ‬ي‪ ٜ‬د ‪ / 2021 +‬د‪ 2‬د ‪ / 2023 +‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬
‫ط ‪ /‬ػْذ اظبفخ اال‪ ُ٘ٝ‬اىَ زشك فأُ ص‪ٝ‬بدرٔ رؤد‪ ٛ‬اى‪ ٚ‬اخاله ف‪ ٜ‬ؽبىخ االرضاُ ث‪ ِٞ‬اىشاعت ٗاال‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد اىْبرغخ ٍِ‬
‫اىَبدح اىزائجخ ٗؽغت قبػذح ى٘شبري‪ْٝ ٔٞ‬ضاػ اىزيبػو ثبالرغبٓ اىخيي‪ / ٜ‬اىؼنغ‪ٝٗ ٜ‬ضداد اىزشع‪ٞ‬ت ّٗقصبُ ف‪ٜ‬‬
‫اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ‪.‬‬
‫ط ‪ /‬ع٘اة اخش ‪ ٍِ /‬قبػذح ى٘شبري‪ّ ٔٞ‬غزْزظ اُ رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ا‪ ٛ‬اىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ذ ظؼ‪ٞ‬ف ئ ٍيؼ شؾ‪ٞ‬ؼ اىزٗثبُ رْخيط ػْذ‬
‫ٗع٘د ص‪ٝ‬بدح ٍِ ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ٍ زشمخ ثٖزٓ اىَبدح ف‪ ٜ‬اىَؾي٘ه ٗ‪َٝ‬نِ االعزيبدح ٍِ ٕزٓ اىظبٕشح ف‪ ٜ‬اىزؾنٌ ثؼَي‪ٞ‬خ‬
‫رٗثبُ اىشٗاعت ئ اىَ٘اد اى ؾ‪ٞ‬ؾخ اىزٗثبُ ‪.‬‬
‫ط ‪ /‬ػْذ اظبفخ مَ‪ٞ‬خ قي‪ٞ‬يخ ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ‪٘ٝ‬داد اىج٘ربع‪ KIO3 ً٘ٞ‬اى‪ٍ ٚ‬ؾي٘ه ‪٘ٝ‬داد اىجبس‪ Ba(IO3)2 ً٘ٝ‬ئ ٍيؼ‬
‫شؾ‪ٞ‬ؼ اىزٗثبُ ‪ٝ‬ؤد‪ ٛ‬اى‪ّ ٚ‬قصبُ ف‪ ٜ‬اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ؟ ئ ‪ / 2021‬د‪ 2‬رنَ‪ٞ‬ي‪ ٜ‬د‬
‫ط ‪ /‬اُ رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ا‪ ٛ‬اىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ذ ظؼ‪ٞ‬ف ئ ٍيؼ شؾ‪ٞ‬ؼ اىزٗثبُ ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء رْخيط ػْذ ٗع٘د ص‪ٝ‬بدح ٍِ ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد‬
‫ٍ زشمخ ىٖزٓ اىَبدح ف‪ ٜ‬اىَؾي٘ه ‪.‬‬
‫ط ‪ٗ /‬ظؼ رأص‪ٞ‬ش ابط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ ْٜٞ‬ػي‪ ٚ‬اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ؟‬

‫ئ ‪ / 2018‬د‪ / 2021 + 1‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ / 2021 + ٛ‬د‪ 1‬د ‪ 2023 +‬د‪ 1‬د‬
‫ط ‪ /‬رؼزَذ رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىنض‪ٞ‬ش ٍِ اىَ٘اد ػي‪ ٚ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ H+‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَؾي٘ه ٍِٗ إٌ ريل اىَ٘اد ٕ‪ ٜ‬اىز‪ ٝ ٜ‬نو ا‪ُ٘ٝ‬‬
‫اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ ِٞ‬أٗ ا‪ ُ٘ٝ‬اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اؽذ ٍنّ٘برٖب ٍضو ‪ Mg(OH)2‬ؽ‪ٞ‬ش ‪ٝ‬زر‪ٞ‬ش ٍقذاس رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ٕزٓ اىَ٘اد ٍغ‬
‫رر‪ٞ‬ش ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬ىيَؾي٘ه ٍِٗ خاله رأص‪ٞ‬ش اال‪ ُ٘ٝ‬اىَ زشك ‪.‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪Mg(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪+ Mg + 2OH‬‬
‫فبظبفخ ؽبٍط ئ ص‪ٝ‬بدح رشم‪ٞ‬ض ا‪ H+ ُ٘ٝ‬اى‪ ٚ‬اىَؾي٘ه اىَ جغ ىٖزا اىَشمت ‪ٝ‬ؤد‪ ٛ‬اى‪ ٚ‬ارؾبد ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ‪ٍ H‬غ ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ ىزن٘‪ ِٝ‬عض‪ٝ‬ئبد اىَبء ٕٗزا ‪ٝ‬ؤد‪ ٛ‬اى‪ ٚ‬اخزاله ػَي‪ٞ‬خ االرضاُ ٗىزؼ٘‪ٝ‬ط اىْقص اىؾبصو ف‪ ٜ‬ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد‬
‫‪ OH-‬رزينل ٍض‪ٝ‬ذ ٍِ عض‪ٝ‬ئبد اىَشمت ئ أ‪ ٛ‬ص‪ٝ‬بدح رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬زٔ ‪ ,‬اٍب ػْذ اظبفخ قبػذح ئ ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ‪ OH-‬اى‪ ٚ‬اىَؾي٘ه‬
‫اىَزضُ ىٖزا اىَشمت فأُ رىل ‪ٝ‬ؤد‪ ٛ‬اى‪ ٚ‬رقي‪ٞ‬و اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ٍِ خاله اال‪ ُ٘ٝ‬اىَ زشك ‪.‬‬
‫خالصخ ‪/‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ػْذ اظبفخ اىؾبٍط ئ ‪ٝ‬ضداد رشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ H‬ا‪ ٛ‬رقو اىـ ‪ٗ pH‬رضداد اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ػْذ اظبفخ اىقبػذح ئ ‪ٝ‬قو رشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ H+‬ا‪ ٛ‬رضداد اىـ ‪ٗ pH‬رقو اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ‪.‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط ‪ٗ /‬ظؼ رأص‪ٞ‬ش ابط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ ْٜٞ‬ػي‪ ٚ‬اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ؟ ئ ‪ / 2021‬د‪ 1‬د‬
‫ط ‪ /‬رؼزَذ رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىنض‪ٞ‬ش ٍِ اىَ٘اد ػي‪ ٚ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ H+‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَؾي٘ه ؽ‪ٞ‬ش ‪ٝ‬زر‪ٞ‬ش ٍقذاس اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ىٖزٓ اىَ٘اد ٍغ رر‪ٞ‬ش‬
‫‪Mg(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Mg+2 + 2OH-‬‬ ‫ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ ٍِٗ pH‬خاله رأص‪ٞ‬ش اال‪ ُ٘ٝ‬اىَ زشك‬
‫* اىؼالقخ ث‪ ِٞ‬اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ٗ ‪ pH‬ػالقخ ػنغ‪ٞ‬خ ‪.‬‬
‫ط ‪ /‬رضداد رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ‪ Mg(OH)2‬ػْذ اظبفخ ؽبٍط اى‪ٍ ٚ‬ؾي٘ىٔ اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬اىَ جغ ؟ ػيو رىل ‪ .‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ ٛ‬د‬
‫‪Mg(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪+ Mg+2 + 2OH-‬‬ ‫ط‪/‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫الُ ػْذ اظبفخ ؽبٍط ئ ص‪ٝ‬بدح ف‪ ٜ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ض ا‪ H ُ٘ٝ‬اى‪ ٚ‬اىَؾي٘ه اىَ جغ ىٖزا اىَشمت ‪ٝ‬ؤد‪ ٛ‬اى‪ ٚ‬ارؾبد ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ‪H‬‬
‫ٍغ ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ‪ OH-‬ىزن٘‪ ِٝ‬عض‪ٝ‬ئبد اىَبء ٕٗزا ‪ٝ‬ؤد‪ ٛ‬اى‪ ٚ‬اخزاله ػَي‪ٞ‬خ االرضاُ ٗىزؼ٘‪ٝ‬ط اىْقص اىؾبصو ف‪ ٜ‬ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد‬
‫‪ OH-‬رزينل ٍض‪ٝ‬ذ ٍِ عض‪ٝ‬ئبد اىَشمت ‪ٗ Mg(OH)2‬ص‪ٝ‬بدح ف‪ ٜ‬اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ‪.‬‬
‫أةال الفراغات االتي مبا يناسبها ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ْٕ -1‬بك صالس فئبد ٍِ اىَ٘اد االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ز‪ٞ‬خ اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ٕ‪ ٜ‬اىؾ٘اٍط اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ٗ اىق٘اػذ اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ٗ االٍالػ ربٍخ اىزٗثبُ‬
‫ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء ‪ .‬ئ ‪ / 2019‬د‪ 2‬د‬
‫‪ٝ -2‬ؼذ ؽبٍط اىنجش‪ٝ‬ز‪ٞ‬ل ٍِ االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬زبد اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ٗػْذ رٗثبّٔ ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء ‪ْٝ‬زظ ٍؾي٘ه ؽبٍع‪ ٜ‬أٗ اىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ذ ع‪ٞ‬ذ‬
‫اىز٘ص‪ٞ‬و اىنٖشثبئ‪ٗ ٜ‬رىل ثغجت رؾشس أ‪ ُ٘ٝ‬اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ H+ ِٞ‬أٗ ‪ٝ‬زأ‪ ِٝ‬ث نو ربً ‪ .‬ئ ‪ / 2021‬د‪ 2‬رنَ‪ٞ‬ي‪ٜ‬‬
‫‪ْٝ -3‬زظ ػِ رٗثبُ االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬زبد اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء ٍؾبى‪ٞ‬و ػبى‪ٞ‬خ اىز٘ص‪ٞ‬و ىينٖشثبئ‪ٞ‬خ ٗرىل ثغجت ‪. ...................‬‬
‫ئ ‪ / 2020‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ / 2023 + ٛ‬د‪ 2‬د‬
‫ط ‪ /‬ثغجت رأ‪ْٖٝ‬ب أٗ ريننٖب ث نو ربً اى‪ ٚ‬ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ٍ٘عجخ ٗعبىجخ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ْٝ -4‬زظ ػِ رٗثبُ االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬زبد اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء ٍؾبى‪ٞ‬و ػبى‪ٞ‬خ اىز٘ص‪ٞ‬و ىينٖشثبئ‪ٞ‬خ ٗرىل ثغجت رينٖٖب اىزبً ‪.‬‬
‫ئ ‪ / 2022‬د‪2‬‬
‫‪ْٝ -5‬زظ ػِ رٗ ثبُ االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬زبد اىعؼ‪ٞ‬يخ ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء ٍؾبى‪ٞ‬و ظؼ‪ٞ‬يخ اىز٘ص‪ٞ‬و ىينٖشثبئ‪ٞ‬خ ٗرىل ثغجت‬
‫‪ . ...................‬ئ ‪ / 2018‬د‪ 3‬د‬
‫ط ‪ /‬بُ رأ‪ ِٝ‬االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ذ اىعؼ‪ٞ‬ف ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ ث نو عضئ‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾذٗد أٗ غ‪ٞ‬ش ربً ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾبى‪ٞ‬يٖب اىَبئ‪ٞ‬خ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ق‪ ٌٞ‬ص٘اثذ رينل اىؾ٘اٍط اىعؼ‪ٞ‬يخ اىَخزييخ رؼذ ٍق‪ٞ‬بعب ً ىق٘ح اىؾ٘اٍط اىْغج‪ٞ‬خ فنيَب صداد ق‪َٞ‬خ صبثذ رينل‬
‫اىؾبٍط ئ صاد ٍقذاس ريننٔ صادد ؽَ٘ظزٔ أٗ ميَب قيذ ق‪َٞ‬خ صبثذ رينل اىؾبٍط ئ قو ٍقذاس ريننٔ قيذ‬
‫ؽَ٘ظزٔ ‪ .‬ئ ‪ / 2021‬د‪2‬‬
‫‪ -7‬رضداد رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ٍؼظٌ اىَ٘اد اى ؾ‪ٞ‬ؾخ اىزٗثبُ ثض‪ٝ‬بدح دسعخ اىؾشاسح ‪ .‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫فراغات املسائل الرياضي‬

‫ٍؾي٘ه ٍبئ‪ ٜ‬ىـ ‪ Ca(OH)2‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.05M‬فأُ ق‪َٞ‬خ‬ ‫‪ pH‬ىَؾي٘ه ئ ‪ٝ H2SO4 0.05M‬غبٗ‪. 1 ٛ‬‬
‫‪ pH‬ىيَؾي٘ه رغبٗ‪ ٛ‬ىٔ ‪. 13‬‬ ‫ئ ‪ / 2019‬د‪ 3‬د‬
‫ئ ‪ / 2013‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ّ / 2014 + ٛ‬بصؽ‪ / 2016 + ِٞ‬د‪2‬‬ ‫‪H2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2H + SO4-2‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪Ca(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Ca+2 + 2OH-‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2( 0.05 ) 0.05‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫) ‪2( 0.05‬‬ ‫‪[ H ] = 2( 0.05 ) = 0.1 M = 1 10-1 M‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬
‫‪[ OH ] = 10 M‬‬ ‫] ‪pH = log [ H+‬‬
‫] ‪pOH = log [ OH-‬‬ ‫‪pH = log 10-1 = 1‬‬
‫‪pOH = log 10-1 = 1‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬ ‫‪pH = 14 – 1 = 13‬‬
‫ٍؾي٘ه ٍبئ‪ ٜ‬ىـ ‪ Ca(OH)2‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.1M‬فأُ ق‪َٞ‬خ‬ ‫فأُ‬ ‫‪ pH‬ىَؾي٘ه ؽبٍط اىْزش‪ٝ‬ل ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪ ٛ‬ئ ‪3‬‬
‫‪ pH‬ىيَؾي٘ه رغبٗ‪ ٛ‬ىٔ ‪ . 13.3‬ئ‪ / 2015‬خبسط اىقطش‬ ‫] ‪ [ OH-‬ىٔ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪. 1 10-11 M ٛ‬‬
‫‪Ca(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Ca+2 + 2OH-‬‬ ‫ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪ 1‬د‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-pH‬‬ ‫‪-3‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪[ H ] = 10 = 10 M‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫) ‪2( 0.1‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬ ‫= ] ‪[ OH-‬‬
‫‪[ OH ] = 2(0.1) = 0.2 = 2 10 M‬‬
‫] ‪pOH = log [ OH-‬‬
‫= ] ‪[ OH-‬‬ ‫‪=1‬‬ ‫‪10-11 M‬‬
‫‪pOH = log 2 10-1‬‬
‫] ‪pOH = [ log 2 + log 10-1‬‬
‫‪pOH = [ 0.3 – 1 ] = 0.7‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14 = 14 – 0.7 = 13.3‬‬
‫ىزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ٕ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىج٘ربع‪pOH , KOH ً٘ٞ‬‬ ‫اُ ] ‪ [ H+‬اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ‪ٝ‬ؾز٘‪ ٛ‬ػي‪[ OH- ] ٚ‬‬
‫ىٔ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪ 3.3 ٛ‬فبُ ‪ٝ pH‬غبٗ‪. 10.7 ٛ‬‬ ‫اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٕ٘ 0.01M‬‬
‫ئ ‪ / 2018‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ ٛ‬د‬ ‫ئ ‪ 10-16 , 10-10 , 10-12‬ئ ‪ / 2013‬خبسط‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬ ‫‪[ H+ ] [ OH- ] = 10-14‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬ ‫‪pH = 14 – 3.3 = 10.7‬‬ ‫= ] ‪[ H+‬‬ ‫= ] ‪[ H+‬‬ ‫‪= 10-12M‬‬
‫اؽغت ] ‪ [ H+‬ىَؾي٘ه ٍبئ‪ ٜ‬ىـ ‪ Ca(OH)2‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ىزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ٕ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىنبىغ‪Ca(OH)2 ً٘ٞ‬‬
‫ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.01M‬فأُ ] ‪. 0.5 10-12 M [ H+‬‬ ‫‪ 0.15M‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪ 2‬د‬
‫ئ ‪ / 2022‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ ٛ‬د ‪ / 2022 +‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ ٛ‬د‬ ‫‪Ca(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Ca+2 + 2OH-‬‬
‫‪Ca(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Ca+2 + 2OH-‬‬ ‫‪0.15‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.15‬‬ ‫) ‪2( 0.15‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫) ‪0.01 2( 0.01‬‬ ‫‪[ OH ] = 2(0.15) = 0.3 M‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪[ OH ] = 2(0.01) = 0.02 M = 2 10 M‬‬ ‫= ] ‪[ H+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.33 10-13 M‬‬
‫= ] ‪[ H+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.5 10-12 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪ Kb = 3.6‬فبُ ] ‪ [ OH-‬ىٔ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪10-6 Mٛ‬‬ ‫ىزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه االّ‪ٞ‬ي‪ C6H7N ِٞ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.1 M‬ئ ‪10-10‬‬
‫ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪ 2‬د‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪C6H7N + HOH‬‬ ‫‪C6H7NH + OH‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.1 X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫‪3.6‬‬ ‫= ‪10-10‬‬
‫‪X2 = 36‬‬ ‫‪10-12‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫] ‪X = 6 10-6 mol/L = [ OH-‬‬

‫ىزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ‪ CH3COOH‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٗ 0.18 M‬رشم‪ٞ‬ض ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ] ‪ [ H+‬ف‪ٖٞ‬ب ‪ 1.8 10-3 M‬فأُ ‪ٝ Ka‬غبٗ‪ٛ‬‬
‫‪ . .....................‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪ 2‬رنَ‪ٞ‬ي‪ ٜ‬د‬
‫‪CH3COOH‬‬ ‫‪CH3COO + H+‬‬‫‪-‬‬
‫‪0.18‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪-3‬‬
‫‪0.18 X‬‬ ‫‪1.8 10‬‬ ‫‪1.8 10-3‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 18‬‬ ‫‪10-6‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫االضصتروضيتات اضقويظ واضضطيفظ‬

‫ط‪ / 1‬ئ ‪ / 2013‬د‪ 2‬رنَ‪ٞ‬ي‪ / 2021 + ٜ‬د‪ 2‬رنَ‪ٞ‬ي‪ٜ‬‬
‫ارا ػيَذ اُ اىْغجخ اىَئ٘‪ٝ‬خ ىزينل ‪ 0.1M‬ؽبٍط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ٞ‬بّ‪ٞ‬ل ‪ HCN‬رغبٗ‪ %0.01 ٛ‬مٌ ٕ٘ صبثذ رأ‪ِٝ‬‬
‫اىؾبٍط ‪.‬‬
‫اجلىاب ‪/‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪HCN‬‬ ‫‪H + CN‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.1 X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫=‪%‬‬ ‫‪100%‬‬
‫المتفكك‬
‫=‬
‫‪100X = 0.001‬‬
‫=‪X‬‬ ‫‪= 0.00001 M‬‬
‫‪X=1‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬
‫ط‪ / 2‬ئ ‪ / 2015‬د‪ 1‬خبسط‬

‫ىزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه االٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.05 M‬اىْغجخ اىَئ٘‪ٝ‬خ ىزيننٔ ‪ , %2‬اؽغت ‪ٗ Kb‬دسعخ اىزأ‪. ِٝ‬‬
‫‪NH3 + HOH‬‬ ‫‪NH4+ + OH-‬‬ ‫اجلىاب ‪/‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.05 X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫=‪%‬‬ ‫‪100%‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪100X = 0.1‬‬
‫=‪X‬‬ ‫‪= 0.001 M‬‬
‫المتأين‬
‫= دسعخ اىزأ‪ِٝ‬‬
‫التزكيز االبتدائي‬
‫= دسعخ اىزأ‪ِٝ‬‬ ‫‪= 0.02 = 2‬‬ ‫‪10-2‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 3‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪ٍ٘ 1‬صو د‬
‫‪-6‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪ 7‬اؽغت صبثذ رأ‪. ْٔٝ‬‬ ‫ىزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ؽبٍط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ٞ‬بّ‪ٞ‬ل رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ٝ [ H ] ٗ 0.1 M‬غبٗ‪10 M ٛ‬‬
‫‪HCN‬‬ ‫‪H+ + CN-‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.1 X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫‪= 49‬‬
‫ط‪ / 4‬ئ ‪ / 2019‬د‪2‬‬

‫‪ٝ‬زأ‪ ِٝ‬ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ف‪ ٜ‬اىَؾي٘ه اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬ر‪ ٛ‬اىزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.1 M‬ثَقذاس ‪ %1‬اؽغت صبثذ رأ‪ ِٝ‬اىؾبٍط ‪.‬‬
‫‪CH3COOH‬‬ ‫‪CH3COO- + H+‬‬ ‫اجلىاب ‪/‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.1 X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫=‪%‬‬ ‫‪100%‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪100X = 0.1‬‬
‫=‪X‬‬ ‫‪= 0.001 M‬‬
‫ط‪ / 5‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪ 3‬د‬

‫‪-10‬‬
‫اىز‪ ٛ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪0.1M ٛ‬‬ ‫‪Kb = 3.8‬‬ ‫اؽغت دسعخ اىزينل ىيَؾي٘ه اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬ىالّ‪ٞ‬ي‪ C6H7N ِٞ‬ئ ‪10‬‬
‫√‪.‬‬ ‫ػيَب ً اُ ‪= 6.2‬‬
‫‪C6H7N + HOH‬‬ ‫‪C6H7NH+‬‬ ‫‪+ OH‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫المتأين‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫اىزينل‬ ‫دسعخ‬ ‫=‬
‫‪0.1 X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫= دسعخ اىزينل‬ ‫‪= 6.2 10-5‬‬
‫‪3.8‬‬ ‫= ‪10-10‬‬
‫‪X2 = 38‬‬ ‫‪10-12‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫‪X = 6.2‬‬ ‫] ‪10-6 mol/L = [ OH-‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 6‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪ 3‬د‬
‫‪-10‬‬
‫اؽغت دسعخ اىزأ‪ ِٝ‬ىيَؾي٘ه اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬ىألّ‪ٞ‬ي‪ C6H7N ِٞ‬ئ ‪ Kb = 3.8 10‬اىز‪ ٛ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪0.001M ٛ‬‬
‫√‪.‬‬ ‫ػيَب ً اُ ‪= 6.2‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪C6H7N + HOH‬‬ ‫‪C6H7NH + OH‬‬ ‫المتأين‬
‫‪0.001‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫اىزأ‪ِٝ‬‬ ‫دسعخ‬ ‫=‬
‫‪0.001 X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫= دسعخ اىزأ‪ِٝ‬‬ ‫‪= 6.2 10-4‬‬
‫‪3.8‬‬ ‫= ‪10-10‬‬
‫‪X2 = 38‬‬ ‫‪10-14‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫‪X = 6.2‬‬ ‫] ‪10-7 mol/L = [ OH-‬‬

‫ط‪ / 7‬ئ ‪ / 2022‬د‪ 1‬د ئ ّيظ ع٘اة اىغؤاه اىغبثق ‪ /‬دسعخ اىزأ‪6 10-7 = ِٝ‬‬
‫‪ Kb = 3.6‬اىز‪ ٛ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫اؽغت دسعخ اىزأ‪ ِٝ‬ىيَؾي٘ه اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬ىألّ‪ٞ‬ي‪ C6H5NH2 ِٞ‬ئ ‪10-10‬‬
‫‪. 0.001M‬‬
‫ط‪ / 8‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪ٍ٘ 1‬صو د‬
‫‪-10‬‬
‫اؽغت دسعخ اىزأ‪ ِٝ‬ىؾبٍط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ٞ‬بّ‪ٞ‬ل ‪ HCN‬اىز‪ ٛ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪. Ka = 4.9 10 ٗ 0.001 M ٛ‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪HCN‬‬ ‫‪H + CN‬‬
‫‪0.001‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.001 X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫‪4.9‬‬ ‫= ‪10-10‬‬
‫‪X2 = 49‬‬ ‫‪10-14‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫‪X=7‬‬ ‫] ‪10-7 M = [ H+‬‬
‫= دسعخ اىزأ‪ِٝ‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=7‬‬ ‫‪10-4‬‬


‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 10‬ئ ‪ / 2021‬د‪ 2‬رنَ‪ٞ‬ي‪ ٜ‬د‬ ‫ط‪ / 9‬ئ ‪ / 2021‬د‪ 2‬د‬
‫اؽغت ق‪َٞ‬خ ابط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ ْٜٞ‬ىَؾي٘ه ّزظ ٍِ اؽغت ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pOH‬ىَؾي٘ه ؽبٍط اىنجش‪ٝ‬ز‪ٞ‬ل ‪H2SO4‬‬
‫رخي‪ٞ‬ف ‪ 10 M ٍِ 1 mL‬ؽبٍط ‪ HCl‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.015 M‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪. log3 = 0.47‬‬
‫اجلىاب ‪/‬‬ ‫ثبىَبء ‪.‬‬
‫‪H2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2H+‬‬ ‫‪+ SO4-2‬‬ ‫اجلىاب ‪/‬‬
‫‪M1 . V1 = M2 . V2‬‬
‫‪0.015‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.015‬‬ ‫‪0.015‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 2(0.015) = 0.03 M = 3‬‬ ‫‪10-2 M‬‬ ‫] ‪M2 = 0.01 M = [ H+‬‬

‫] ‪pH = log [ H+‬‬ ‫‪HCl‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Cl-‬‬
‫‪pH = log 3‬‬ ‫‪10-2‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫= ‪pH‬‬ ‫‪( log 3‬‬ ‫) ‪log 10-2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫= ‪pH‬‬ ‫‪( 0.47 – 2 ) = 1.53‬‬ ‫] ‪pH = log [ H+‬‬
‫‪pOH = 14 – pH‬‬ ‫‪pH = log 10-2‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 1.53 = 12.47‬‬ ‫‪pH = 2‬‬
‫ط‪ / 11‬ئ ‪ / 2022‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬
‫اؽغت ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬ىيَؾي٘ه اىَبئ‪ Ca(OH)2 ٜ‬اىز‪ٛ‬‬
‫رشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٕٗ , 0.05 M‬و اىَؾي٘ه ؽبٍع‪ ٜ‬أً قبػذ‪ ٛ‬؟‬
‫ٗىَبرا ؟‬
‫‪+2‬‬
‫‪Ca(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Ca‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2OH-‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.05‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 2(0.05) = 0.1 = 10-1 M‬‬
‫] ‪pOH = log [ OH-‬‬
‫‪pOH = log 10-1‬‬
‫‪pOH = 1‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 1 = 13‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫اىَؾي٘ه قبػذ‪ ٛ‬الُ ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪pH‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 12‬ئ ‪ / 2022‬د‪ 2‬د‬
‫‪-5‬‬
‫‪ , 2‬ث‪ٕ ِٞ‬و اىَؾي٘ه ؽبٍع‪ ٜ‬أً قبػذ‪ ٛ‬؟‬ ‫‪ٍ ٍِ 0.2M‬ؾي٘ه االٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب صبثذ ريننٔ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪10 ٛ‬‬
‫‪NH3 + HOH‬‬ ‫‪NH4+ + OH-‬‬
‫= ] ‪[ H+‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.1 X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫[‬ ‫]‬ ‫= ] ‪[ H+‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 0.5‬‬ ‫‪10-12 M = 5‬‬ ‫‪10-13 M‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫= ‪10-5‬‬ ‫] ‪[ OH-‬‬ ‫اىَؾي٘ه قبػذ‪ ٛ‬بُ ] ‪[ H+‬‬
‫‪X2 = 4‬‬ ‫‪10-6‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫‪X=2‬‬ ‫] ‪10-2 mol/L = [ OH-‬‬
‫ط‪ / 13‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪1‬‬

‫‪-10‬‬
‫‪ Ka = 1.3 10‬اىز‪ ٛ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪:‬‬ ‫اؽغت رشم‪ٞ‬ض ا‪ ُ٘ٝ‬اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ ِٞ‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَؾي٘ه اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬ىيي‪ْ٘ٞ‬ه ‪ C6H5OH‬ئ‬
‫√ ‪.‬‬ ‫صبّ‪ٞ‬ب ً ‪ :‬ثؼذ رخي‪ٞ‬ئ ىَبئخ ٍشح ػيَب ً اُ ئ ‪= 0.62‬‬ ‫أٗالً ‪. 0.3 M :‬‬
‫بعد التخفيف‬ ‫قبل التخفيف‬
‫‪ #‬ا‪ٝ‬غبد رشم‪ٞ‬ض عذ‪ٝ‬ذ ثؼذ اىزخي‪ٞ‬ف ‪.‬‬ ‫‪C6H5OH‬‬ ‫‪C6H5O-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬
‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫التزكيز قبل التخفيف‬
‫ػذد ٍشاد اىزخي‪ٞ‬ف =‬ ‫‪0.3 – X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫التزكيز بعد التخفيف‬
‫‪= 100‬‬
‫التزكيز بعد التخفيف‬
‫= ‪M2‬‬ ‫‪= 0.003 M‬‬ ‫‪1.3‬‬ ‫= ‪10-10‬‬

‫‪C6H5OH‬‬ ‫‪C6H5O-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬
‫‪0.003‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪X2 = 0.39‬‬ ‫‪10-10‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫‪0.003 – X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫‪X = 0.62‬‬ ‫] ‪10-5 mol/L = [ H+‬‬
‫‪1.3‬‬ ‫= ‪10-10‬‬
‫‪X2 = 0.0039‬‬ ‫‪10-10‬‬
‫‪X2 = 0.39‬‬ ‫‪ = 0.62‬للطزفين√ ‪10-12‬‬ ‫‪10-6 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫حدـاب ‪ & pH‬اضتخفيف‬

‫ط‪ / 1‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪1‬‬
‫عذ ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬ىيَبء ػْذ اظبفخ ‪ HCl ٍِ 1mL‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ 10 M‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ اىَبء ‪.‬‬
‫‪ / pH = 7‬ىيَبء اىْق‪. ٜ‬‬ ‫قجو االظبفخ ‪/‬‬
‫ثؼذ االظبفخ ‪/‬‬
‫‪M1 . V1 = M2 . V2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫] ‪M2 = 0.01 M = [ H+‬‬
‫‪HCl‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Cl-‬‬

‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫] ‪pH2 = log [ H+‬‬
‫‪pH2 = log 10-2‬‬
‫‪pH2 = 2‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1 = 2 – 7 = 5‬‬
‫ط‪ / 2‬ئ ‪ / 2023‬د‪3‬‬

‫اؽغت ق‪َٞ‬خ ابط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ ْٜٞ‬ىَؾي٘ه ّزظ ٍِ رخي‪ٞ‬ف ‪ٍ 5 M ٍِ 2mL‬ؾي٘ه ‪ HCl‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ اىَبء ‪ٕٗ ,‬و‬
‫اىَؾي٘ه ؽبٍع‪ ٜ‬أً قبػ‪ ٜ‬؟‬
‫‪M1 . V1 = M2 . V2‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫] ‪M2 = 0.01 M = [ H+‬‬
‫‪HCl‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Cl-‬‬

‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫] ‪pH2 = log [ H+‬‬
‫‪pH2 = log 10-2‬‬
‫‪pH2 = 2‬‬
‫اىَؾي٘ه ؽبٍط الُ ‪ pH‬اقو ٍِ ‪7‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 3‬ئ ‪ / 2018‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ ٛ‬د ‪ / 2018 +‬د‪ 1‬د‬

‫اؽغت اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ف‪ ٜ‬االط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ ْٜٞ‬ىَؾي٘ه ٍِ اىي‪ْ٘ٞ‬ه ‪ C6H5OH‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ 0.2 M‬ثؼذ رخي‪ٞ‬ئ ىَبئخ ٍشح ؟‬
‫√ ‪log5 = 0.7 ,‬‬ ‫ػيَب ً اُ صبثذ رأ‪ ِٝ‬اىي‪ْ٘ٞ‬ه ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪ ٛ‬ئ ‪ ٗ 1.3 10-10‬ئ ‪= 5.1‬‬
‫بعد التخفيف‬ ‫قبل التخفيف‬
‫التزكيز قبل التخفيف‬
‫ػذد ٍشاد اىزخي‪ٞ‬ف =‬ ‫‪C6H5OH‬‬ ‫‪C6H5O + H+‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫التخفيف بعد التزكيز‬
‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫التخفيف بعد التزكبز‬
‫‪= 100‬‬ ‫‪0.2 – X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫= ‪Ka‬‬
‫= اىزشم‪ٞ‬ض ثؼذ اىزخي‪ٞ‬ف‬ ‫‪= 0.002 M‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪1.3‬‬ ‫= ‪10-10‬‬
‫‪C6H5OH‬‬ ‫‪C6H5O‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬
‫‪0.002‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪X2 = 0.26‬‬ ‫‪10 -10‬‬
‫‪0.002 – X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫= ‪Ka‬‬ ‫‪X2 = 26‬‬ ‫‪10 -12‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫‪1.3‬‬ ‫= ‪10-10‬‬ ‫‪X = 5.1‬‬ ‫] ‪10 -6 M = [ H+‬‬

‫‪X2 = 0.0026‬‬ ‫‪10 -10‬‬ ‫] ‪pH = – log [ H +‬‬
‫‪pH = – log 5.1‬‬ ‫‪10 –6‬‬
‫‪X2 = 26‬‬ ‫‪10 -14‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫‪pH = – [ log 5.1‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10 –6‬‬
‫‪X = 5.1‬‬ ‫] ‪10 -7 M = [ H+‬‬ ‫= ‪pH‬‬ ‫] ‪[ 0.7 – 6‬‬
‫] ‪pH = – log [ H +‬‬ ‫‪pH1 = 5.3‬‬
‫‪pH = – log 5.1‬‬ ‫‪10 –7‬‬
‫‪pH = – [ log 5.1‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10 –7‬‬
‫= ‪pH‬‬ ‫] ‪[ 0.7 – 7‬‬
‫‪pH2 = 6.3‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬

‫‪pH = 6.3 – 5.3‬‬
‫‪pH = 1‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫طدائل االيـون اضطذتـرك ( طا اضتأثير )‬

‫ط‪ / 1‬ئ ‪ / 2013‬د‪1‬‬
‫ٍب اىزأص‪ٞ‬ش اىْبرظ ٍِ اظبفخ ‪ٍ ٍِ 26.75 g‬يؼ مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ ابٍّ٘‪ ً٘ٞ‬ئ اىنزيخ اىَ٘ى‪ٞ‬خ ىٔ = ‪ 53.5 g/mole‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ‬
‫ٍؾي٘ه ابٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.1 M‬ػي‪ ٚ‬دسعخ رينل اىقبػذح ؟ ػيَب ً اُ صبثذ رينل االٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب ‪. Kb (NH3) = 2 10-5‬‬
‫ئ ‪log2 = 0.3 , log5 = 0.7 , √ = 1.4‬‬
‫اجلىاب ‪ /‬قجو االظبفخ ‪ّ /‬ؾغت دسعخ رينل ىالٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب قجو اظبفخ ٍيؼ مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ االٍّ٘‪. ً٘ٞ‬‬
‫‪NH3 + HOH‬‬ ‫‪NH4+ + OH-‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.1 – X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫رَٖو‬
‫[‬ ‫]‬
‫= ‪Kb‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫= ‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪X2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪X2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪10-6‬‬
‫‪X2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪10-6 mol/L‬‬ ‫ثأخز اىغزس اىزشث‪ٞ‬ؼ‪ ٜ‬ىيطشف‪ِٞ‬‬ ‫‪X = 1.4‬‬ ‫] ‪10-3 mol/L = [ OH-‬‬
‫= دسعخ اىزينل‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 1.4‬‬ ‫‪10-2‬‬
‫ثؼذ االظبفخ ‪ّ /‬ؾغت دسعخ رينل ىالٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب ثؼذ اظبفخ ٍيؼ مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ االٍّ٘‪ . ً٘ٞ‬ئ ا‪ ٍ ُ٘ٝ‬زشك ‪.‬‬
‫‪NH3 + HOH‬‬ ‫‪NH4+ + OH-‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫رشم‪ٞ‬ض اال‪ ُ٘ٝ‬اىَ زشك‬
‫‪0.1 – y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫اىْبرظ ٍِ االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ذ‬
‫𝐦‬ ‫رَٖو‬ ‫اىعؼ‪ٞ‬ف ‪َٖٝ‬و دائَب ً‬
‫=‪M‬‬
‫𝐋𝐕 𝐌‬ ‫‪NH4Cl‬‬ ‫‪NH4+ + Cl-‬‬ ‫ػْذ رطج‪ٞ‬ق اال‪ُ٘ٝ‬‬
‫𝟓𝟕 𝟔𝟐‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫=‪M‬‬ ‫‪= 0.5 M‬‬ ‫اىَ زشك ع٘اء مبُ‬
‫𝟏 𝟓 𝟑𝟓‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬
‫ا‪ ٍ ُ٘ٝ‬زشك‬ ‫ٍؼيً٘ اٗ ٍغٖ٘ه ‪.‬‬
‫[‬ ‫]‬
‫= ‪Kb‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫= ‪10-5‬‬ ‫=‪y‬‬ ‫‪y=4‬‬ ‫] ‪10-6 M = [ OH-‬‬

‫= دسعخ اىزينل‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=4‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪NH3 + HOH‬‬ ‫‪NH4+ + OH-‬‬

‫‪NH4Cl‬‬ ‫‪NH4+ + Cl-‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 2‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫ا‪ ٍ ُ٘ٝ‬زشك‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 2‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ] = 4‬‬ ‫‪10-5 M‬‬
‫= دسعخ اىزينل‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=4‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫قيذ دسعخ اىزينل ثغجت ٗع٘د اال‪ ُ٘ٝ‬اىَ زشك ‪NH4+‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 2‬ئ ‪ / 2023‬د‪3‬‬
‫ٍب اىزأص‪ٞ‬ش اىز‪ ٛ‬رؾذصٔ اظبفخ ‪ٍ ٍِ 16.4g‬يؼ خالد اىص٘د‪ CH3COONa ً٘ٝ‬ئ ‪ M = 82 g/mol‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش‬
‫ٗاؽذ ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ 0.2M‬ػي‪ ٚ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ض ] ‪ [ H+‬؟ ػيَب ً اُ ‪Ka(CH3COOH) = 1.8 10-5‬‬
‫√ ‪. log 1.8 = 0.26 ,‬‬ ‫ٗاُ ‪= 1.9‬‬
‫اجلىاب ‪ /‬ثَب اُ اىؾغٌ ىزش ٗاؽذ ‪ٝ‬ؼْ‪ ٜ‬اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ رغبٗ‪ ٛ‬ػذد اىَ٘الد‬
‫‪CH3COOH‬‬ ‫‪CH3COO- + H+‬‬
‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.2 – X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫‪َٖٝ‬و‬
‫= ‪Ka‬‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫= ‪10-5‬‬
‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫= ‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪X2 = 3.6‬‬ ‫اىغزس اىزشث‪ٞ‬ؼ‪ ٜ‬ىيطشف‪10-6 ِٞ‬‬ ‫‪X = 1.9‬‬ ‫] ‪10-3 M = [ H+‬‬
‫‪CH3COOH‬‬ ‫‪CH3COO-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬
‫‪CH3COONa‬‬ ‫‪CH3COO-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬
‫ايىن ةارتك‬
‫=‪M‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.2 M‬‬
‫الطريق األوىل‬ ‫الطريق الثاني‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log Ka‬‬

‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪[ log 1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-5‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 1.8 × 10-5‬‬ ‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬ ‫‪pKa = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬ ‫‪pH = 4.74‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 10-pH‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 10-4.74‬‬ ‫‪10+5‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 10+0.26‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫طدائل طحاضيـل بفـر ( طادتين طـواد ‪ /‬ايون طذترك بفر شبل االضاسظ )‬
‫طالحظظ طكطظ جداً ‪ /‬يجب صتابظ ( ططادضتين ضضضطيف واضطضح اضتام وايجاد ايون طذترك )‬
‫ط‪ / 1‬ئ ‪ / 2013‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬
‫اؽغت ق‪َٞ‬خ ابط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ pH ْٜٞ‬ىَؾي٘ه ‪ٝ‬ؾز٘‪ ٛ‬ػي‪ NH3 ٚ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ NH4Cl ٗ 0.15 mol/L‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض‬
‫‪ 0.3 mol/L‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪ pKb (NH3) = 4.74‬ئ ‪log2 = 0.3‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪NH3 + HOH‬‬ ‫‪NH4 + OH‬‬
‫‪pOH = pKb + log‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪NH4Cl‬‬ ‫‪NH4 + Cl‬‬
‫ا‪ ٍ ُ٘ٝ‬زشك‬ ‫‪pOH = 4.74 +‬‬
‫‪pH + POH = 14‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log 2‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 5.04‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 4.74 + 0.3‬‬
‫‪pH = 8.96‬‬
‫‪pOH = 5.04‬‬
‫ط‪ / 2‬ئ ‪ / 2013‬د‪ 2‬خبص‬

‫اؽغت رشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ pH ٗ H+‬ىَؾي٘ه ٍنُ٘ ٍِ ٍض‪ٝ‬ظ ‪ 0.1 M‬ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ‪ 0.2 M ٗ CH3COOH‬خالد‬
‫اىص٘د‪ CH3COONa ً٘ٝ‬ػيَب ً اُ ئ ‪ ٗ Ka = 1.8 ×10-5‬ئ ‪log 9 = 0.96 , log1.8 = 0.26‬‬
‫‪CH3COOH‬‬ ‫‪CH3COO-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬
‫‪CH3COONa‬‬ ‫‪CH3COO-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬
‫ايىن ةارتك‬
‫الطريق األوىل‬ ‫الطريق الثاني‬

‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪[ log 1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-5‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬ ‫‪pKa = 4.74‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 1.8 × 10-5‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 9‬‬ ‫‪10-6 M‬‬

‫= ‪pH‬‬ ‫] ‪log [ H+‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪-6‬‬
‫= ‪pH‬‬ ‫‪log 9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log 2‬‬
‫‪pH = – [ log 9‬‬ ‫] ‪10-6‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + 0.3 = 5.04‬‬
‫‪pH = – [ 0.96 – 6 ] = 5.04‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 3‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ ٛ‬د ‪ / 2020 +‬د‪2‬‬

‫اؽغت ق‪َٞ‬خ ابط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ pH ْٜٞ‬ىَؾي٘ه ‪ٝ‬ؾز٘‪ ٛ‬ػي‪ ٚ‬االٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب ‪ NH3‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٗ 0.2 mole/L‬مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ‬
‫االٍّ٘‪ NH4Cl ً٘ٞ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.3 mole/L‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪Kb (NH3) = 1.8 10-5‬‬
‫ئ ‪log1.5 = 0.177 , log1.8 = 0.26 , log2 = 0.3 , log3 = 0.477‬‬
‫‪NH3 + HOH‬‬ ‫‪NH4+ + OH-‬‬
‫‪NH4Cl‬‬ ‫‪NH4+ + Cl-‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬

‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 4.917 = 9.083‬‬
‫ط‪ / 4‬ئ ‪ / 2014‬د‪1‬‬
‫ارا مبّذ ْٕبك ؽبعخ ىزؾع‪ٞ‬ش ٍؾي٘ه ثيش رٗ ‪ٍ ٍِ pH = 9‬ضط ‪ٍ NH3‬غ مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ ابٍّ٘‪ NH4Cl ً٘ٞ‬مٌ ‪ٝ‬غت‬
‫‪ Kb (NH3) = 2‬ئ ‪log2 = 0.3‬‬ ‫ػيَب ً اُ ‪10-5‬‬ ‫اُ رنُ٘ اىْغجخ ث‪ِٞ‬‬
‫‪NH3 + HOH‬‬ ‫‪NH4+ + OH-‬‬
‫‪NH4Cl‬‬ ‫‪NH4+ + Cl-‬‬
‫‪pOH = pKb + log‬‬
‫‪5 = 4.7 + log‬‬

‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pOH = 14 – pH‬‬
‫‪5 – 4.7 = log‬‬
‫‪pOH = 14 – 9‬‬
‫‪0.3 = log‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 5‬‬
‫‪log 2= log‬‬
‫‪=2M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 7‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪ 2‬رنَ‪ٞ‬ي‪ٜ‬‬ ‫ط‪ / 5‬ئ ‪ / 2019‬د‪ 3‬د‬
‫ٍب رشم‪ٞ‬ض مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ االٍّ٘‪ ً٘ٞ‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ‪ٝ‬ؾز٘‪ ٛ‬ػي‪ٍ ٚ‬ب رشم‪ٞ‬ض ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ‪ٝ‬ؾ٘‪ ٛ‬اظبفخ اى‪ٚ‬‬
‫اٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.1 M‬ىزنُ٘ ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pOH‬اىَؾي٘ه اىؾبٍط ٍيؼ خالد اىص٘د‪ ً٘ٝ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.2 M‬ارا ػيَذ‬
‫ٗأُ‬ ‫رغبٗ‪ٗ 5 ٛ‬اُ ‪ٗ pKb = 4.74‬اُ اُ ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬اىَؾي٘ه مبّذ رغبٗ‪ ٛ‬ئ ‪5‬‬
‫‪ٗ Ka = 1.8 10-5‬اُ ‪. log 1.8 = 0.26‬‬ ‫ئ ‪log1.8 = 0.26‬‬
‫‪pKa = logKa‬‬
‫‪pKa = log 1.8 10-5‬‬ ‫‪5 = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pKa = 5 – log 1.8 = 5 – 2.06 = 4.74‬‬ ‫‪5 – 4.74 = log‬‬
‫‪log 1.8 = log‬‬
‫] ‪[ Salt‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬
‫ط‪ / 6‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ ٛ‬د‬

‫ٍب رشم‪ٞ‬ض ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ‪ٝ‬ؾ٘‪ ٛ‬اظبفخ‬
‫= ] ‪[ acid‬‬ ‫‪= 0.11 mol/L‬‬ ‫اى‪ ٚ‬اىؾبٍط ٍيؼ خالد اىص٘د‪ ً٘ٝ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪0.3 M‬‬
‫ارا مبّذ ‪ pH‬اىَؾي٘ه رغبٗ‪ 4.34 ٛ‬؟ ػيَب ً أُ‬
‫‪ٗ pKa = 4.74‬اُ ئ ‪. log 0.4 = 0.4‬‬
‫ط‪ / 8‬ئ ‪ / 2021‬د‪ 2‬د ‪ / 2022 +‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ ٛ‬د‬
‫ٍب رشم‪ٞ‬ض ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ‪ٝ‬ؾ٘‪ ٛ‬اظبفخ اى‪ٚ‬‬ ‫اجلىاب ‪/‬‬
‫اىؾبٍط ٍيؼ خالد اىص٘د‪ ً٘ٝ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.3 M‬ارا مبّذ‬
‫‪ pH‬اىَؾي٘ه رغبٗ‪ٗ 4.31 ٛ‬اُ ‪pKa = 4.74‬‬
‫ٗ ئ ‪. log 0.37 = 0.43‬‬
‫= ] ‪[ acid‬‬ ‫‪= 0.75 mol/L‬‬
‫= ] ‪[ acid‬‬ ‫‪= 0.81 mol/L‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 9‬ئ ‪ / 2014‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ / 2019 + ٛ‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬
‫ارا ػيَذ اُ اىْغجخ اىَئ٘‪ٝ‬خ ىزينل ‪ 0.1 M‬ؽبٍط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ٞ‬بّ‪ٞ‬ل ‪ HCN‬رغبٗ‪ 0.01% ٛ‬اؽغت صبثذ رأ‪ٕ ِٝ‬زا‬
‫اىؾبٍط ٍٗب ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬اىَؾي٘ه ػْذ اظبفخ ‪ ٍِ 0.2 M‬ع‪ٞ‬بّ‪ٞ‬ذ اىج٘ربع‪ KCN ً٘ٞ‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٗاؽذ ٍِ اىؾبٍط ؟‬
‫ئ ‪. log2 = 0.3‬‬
‫‪HCN‬‬ ‫‪H+ + CN-‬‬ ‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log Ka‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log 10-9‬‬
‫‪0.1 X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫=‪%‬‬ ‫‪100%‬‬ ‫‪pKa = 9‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪pH = 9 + log‬‬
‫‪100X = 0.001‬‬ ‫=‪X‬‬ ‫‪= 0.00001 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 9 + log 2‬‬
‫‪pH = 9 + 0.3‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.3‬‬
‫‪= 10-9‬‬
‫ط‪ / 10‬ئ ‪ / 2023‬د‪ 3‬د‬

‫اؽغت ‪ pH‬ىيَؾي٘ه اىْبرظ ٍِ اظبفخ ‪ٍ ٍِ 26.75 g‬يؼ مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ االٍّ٘‪ ً٘ٞ‬ئ ‪ M = 35.5 g/mol‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٗاؽذ‬
‫ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ابٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.1 M‬ػيَب ً أُ ‪ ٗ Kb (NH3) = 1.8 10-5‬ئ ‪. log 5 = 0.7 , log 1.8 = 0.26‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪logKb‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log‬‬ ‫‪pKb = – [ log1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log10-5‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log 5‬‬ ‫‪pKb = – [ 0.26 – 5 ] = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + 0.7 = 5.44‬‬
‫=‪M‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.5 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 5.44‬‬ ‫=‪n‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.5 mol‬‬
‫‪pH = 8.56‬‬
‫=‪M‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.5 mol/L‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫طدائل حداب اضصتضظ ( طادة واحدة )‬

‫طالحظظ طكطظ جداً ‪ ( /‬أي طادة طجكوضظ اضصتضظ طجكوضظ اضطوالريظ ايضاً يطظي اي طادة اريد احدب صتضتكا الزم‬
‫احدب طوالريتكا باضبدايظ )‬
‫ط‪ / 1‬ئ ‪ / 2015‬د‪1‬‬
‫مٌ مزيخ ٕ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىج٘ربع‪ KOH ً٘ٞ‬ئ ‪ M = 56 g/mol‬اىالصً اظبفزٖب اى‪ ٍِ 400mL ٚ‬اىَبء ىزصجؼ‬
‫‪ pH‬اىَؾي٘ه اىْبرظ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪ 11 ٛ‬؟‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪KOH‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪OH‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ّؾغت رشم‪ٞ‬ض] ‪ [ OH‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَؾي٘ه ٍِ ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪. pH‬‬
‫‪10-3‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪[ H ] = 10 –pH‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 10 -11‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] [ OH- ] = 1‬‬ ‫‪10-14‬‬
‫= )‪V(L‬‬ ‫‪= 0.4 L‬‬
‫= ] ‪[ OH-‬‬
‫‪m KOH = M KOH‬‬ ‫‪M KOH‬‬ ‫)‪V(L‬‬
‫‪m = 0.001‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫= ] ‪[ OH-‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ] = 10-3 M‬‬
‫‪m = 0.0224 g‬‬ ‫اُ ٕ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىج٘ربع‪ ٜٕ KOH ً٘ٞ‬قبػذح ق٘‪ٝ‬خ ىزا‬
‫فأُ رشم‪ٞ‬ض ا‪ [ OH- ] ُ٘ٝ‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَؾي٘ه اىَبئ‪ٝ ٜ‬غبٗ‪ٛ‬‬
‫رشم‪ٞ‬ض اىقبػذح ابصي‪ : ٜ‬أ‪-: ٛ‬‬
‫‪[ KOH ] = [ OH ] = 10 -3 M‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ط‪ / 2‬ئ ‪ / 2023‬د‪2‬‬

‫ٍب ػذد غشاٍبد ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ‪ CH3COOH‬ئ ‪ M = 60 g/mole‬اى٘اعت اظبفزٖب اى‪ ٍِ 400 mL ٚ‬اىَبء‬
‫اىَقطش ى‪ٞ‬صجؼ ‪ pH‬اىَؾي٘ه ثؼذ االظبفخ ‪ 2.7‬؟ صٌ اؽغت ‪ pH‬اىَؾي٘ه اىْبرظ ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ 0.1 M‬خالد اىص٘د‪ً٘ٝ‬‬
‫‪ CH3COONa‬اى‪ٍ ٚ‬ؾي٘ه اىؾبٍط ػيَب ً ثبُ ‪ pKa = 4.7‬ىيؾبٍط ٗأُ ‪. log 2 = 0.3‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 10-pH‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 10-2.7‬‬ ‫‪10+3‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 100.3‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 2‬‬ ‫‪10 -3 M‬‬
‫‪Ka = 10 -pKa‬‬
‫‪Ka = 10-4.7‬‬ ‫‪10+5‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪Ka = 10 0.3‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪Ka = 2‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫‪CH3COOH‬‬ ‫‪CH3COO- + H+‬‬
‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪-3‬‬
‫‪y X‬‬ ‫‪2 10‬‬ ‫‪2 10-3‬‬
‫= ‪Ka‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫= ‪10-5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.2 mol/L = 2‬‬ ‫‪10-1 M‬‬
‫‪m=M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫)‪V(L‬‬
‫‪m = 0.2‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪= 4.8 g‬‬
‫الطريق الثاني‬ ‫الطريق األوىل‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 2‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪pH = 4.7 + log‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 2 × 10-5‬‬ ‫) ‪pH = 4.7 + ( log 1 – log 2‬‬

‫‪pH = 4.7 + 0 – 0.3‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 4‬‬ ‫‪10-4 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.4‬‬
‫= ‪pH‬‬ ‫] ‪log [ H+‬‬
‫= ‪pH‬‬ ‫‪log 4‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪pH = – [ log 4‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-5‬‬
‫‪pH = – [ log 2‬‬ ‫‪log 2‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-5‬‬
‫‪pH = – [ 0.3‬‬ ‫] ‪0.3 – 5‬‬
‫] ‪pH = – [ 0.6 – 5‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.4‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫طدائل حداب اضصتضظ ( شواظين طادتين بفر شبل االضاسظ )‬

‫ط‪ / 2‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ / 2022 + ٛ‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ط‪ / 1‬ئ ‪ / 2014‬د‪2‬‬
‫اؽغت مزيخ ٍيؼ خالد اىص٘د‪CH3COONa ً٘ٝ‬‬ ‫اؽغت مزيخ ٍيؼ خالد اىص٘د‪CH3COONa ً٘ٝ‬‬
‫ئ ‪ M = 82 g/mol‬اىالصً اظبفزٖب اى‪ٍِ 500mL ٚ‬‬ ‫ئ ‪ M = 82 g/mol‬اىالصً اظبفزٖب اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٗاؽذ‬
‫ٍؾي٘ه ‪ 0.2M‬ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ىيؾص٘ه ػي‪ٍ ٚ‬ؾي٘ه ثيش‬ ‫ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ‪ 0.125 M‬ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ىيؾص٘ه ػي‪ٚ‬‬
‫رنُ٘ ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬ىٔ رغبٗ‪ٗ 5 ٛ‬اُ ‪. pKa = 4.7‬‬ ‫ٍؾي٘ه ثيش رنُ٘ ق‪َٞ‬خ داىزٔ اىؾبٍع‪ٞ‬خ ‪pH = 4.74‬‬
‫ئ ‪log2 = 0.3‬‬ ‫ػيَب ً اُ صبثذ رينل ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪ٛ‬‬
‫اجلىاب ‪/‬‬ ‫‪ . 1.8 10-5‬ئ ‪. log 1.8 = 0.26‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪pKa = – [ log1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log10-5‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬
‫‪pKa = 4.74‬‬
‫‪log 2 = log‬‬
‫=‪2‬‬
‫[‬ ‫‪]=2‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫‪] = 0.4 M‬‬
‫= )‪V(L‬‬ ‫‪= 0.5 L‬‬
‫)‪(g‬‬ ‫)‪= M (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪M (g/mol‬‬ ‫)‪V(L‬‬ ‫‪log 1 = log‬‬
‫)‪(g‬‬ ‫)‪= 0.4 (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪82 (g/mol‬‬ ‫)‪0.5(L‬‬ ‫=‪1‬‬

‫‪m (g) = 16.4 g‬‬
‫[‬ ‫‪]=1‬‬ ‫‪0.125‬‬
‫[‬ ‫‪] = 0.125 M‬‬
‫)‪(g‬‬ ‫)‪= M (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪M (g/mol‬‬ ‫)‪V(L‬‬
‫)‪(g‬‬ ‫)‪= 0.125 (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪82 (g/mol‬‬ ‫)‪1(L‬‬
‫‪m (g) = 10.25 g‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 4‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ط‪ / 3‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪2‬‬

‫اؽغت مزيخ ٍيؼ خالد اىص٘د‪CH3COONa ً٘ٝ‬‬ ‫اؽغت مزيخ ٍيؼ خالد اىص٘د‪CH3COONa ً٘ٝ‬‬
‫ئ ‪ M = 82 g/mol‬اىالصً اظبفزٖب اى‪ٍِ 400mL ٚ‬‬ ‫ئ ‪ M = 82 g/mol‬اىالصً اظبفزٖب اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٗاؽذ‬
‫ٍؾي٘ه ‪ 0.14 M‬ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ىيؾص٘ه ػي‪ٍ ٚ‬ؾي٘ه‬ ‫ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ‪ 0.12 M‬ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ىيؾص٘ه ػي‪ٚ‬‬
‫ثيش رنُ٘ ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬ىٔ رغبٗ‪ ٛ‬ئ ‪ , 5‬ػيَب ً اُ صبثذ‬ ‫ٍؾي٘ه ثيش رنُ٘ ق‪َٞ‬خ داىزٔ اىؾبٍع‪ٞ‬خ ‪pH = 4.74‬‬
‫رينل ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ‪ Ka‬رغبٗ‪ٗ 1.8 10-5 ٛ‬اُ‬ ‫ػيَب ً اُ‬ ‫ئ افزشض اُ اىؾغٌ ال ‪ٝ‬زر‪ٞ‬ش‬
‫ئ ‪. log 1.8 = 0.26‬‬ ‫‪. Ka (CH3COOH) = 1.8 10-5‬‬
‫اجلىاب ‪/‬‬ ‫ئ ‪log 1.8 = 0.26‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪logKa‬‬ ‫اجلىاب ‪/‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪pKa = – [ log1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log10‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬
‫‪pKa = – [ log1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log10-5‬‬

‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬
‫‪pKa = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pKa = 4.74‬‬
‫‪5 – 4.74 = log‬‬
‫‪log 1.8 = log‬‬
‫= ‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪log 1 = log‬‬
‫‪[ Salt ] = 1.8‬‬ ‫‪0.14‬‬ ‫=‪1‬‬

‫[‬ ‫‪] = 0.25 M‬‬
‫[‬ ‫‪]=1‬‬ ‫‪0.12‬‬
‫= )‪V(L‬‬ ‫‪= 0.4 L‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪] = 0.12 M‬‬
‫)‪(g‬‬ ‫)‪= M (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪M (g/mol‬‬ ‫)‪V(L‬‬ ‫)‪(g‬‬ ‫)‪= M (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪M (g/mol‬‬ ‫)‪V(L‬‬
‫)‪(g‬‬ ‫)‪= 0.25 (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪82 (g/mol‬‬ ‫)‪0.4(L‬‬ ‫)‪(g‬‬ ‫)‪= 0.12 (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪82 (g/mol‬‬ ‫)‪1(L‬‬
‫‪m (g) = 8.2 g‬‬ ‫‪m (g) = 9.84 g‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 6‬ئ ‪ / 2013‬د‪ 2‬اىزنَ‪ٞ‬ي‪ / 2015 + ٜ‬د‪ 2‬خبسط ‪+‬‬ ‫ط‪ / 5‬ئ ‪ / 2023‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬
‫‪ / 2017‬د‪ٍ٘ 1‬صو د‬ ‫اىص٘د‪ً٘ٝ‬‬ ‫خالد‬ ‫ٍيؼ‬ ‫مزيخ‬ ‫اؽغت‬
‫اؽغت مزيخ مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ ابٍّ٘‪ NH4Cl ً٘ٞ‬اىنزيخ اىَ٘ى‪ٞ‬خ ىٔ‬ ‫ئ ‪ M = 82 g/mol‬اىالصً اظبفزٖب اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٗاؽذ‬
‫ئ ‪ M = 53.5 g/mol‬اى٘اعت اظبفزٖب اى‪500mL ٚ‬‬ ‫ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.2 M‬ىيؾص٘ه‬
‫ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ‪ 0.15 M‬اٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب ‪ NH3‬ىغؼو ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪pH‬‬ ‫ػي‪ٍ ٚ‬ؾي٘ه ثيش ق‪َٞ‬خ ئ ‪ pH‬ىٔ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪ ٛ‬ئ ‪ٗ 5‬أُ‬
‫اىَؾي٘ه رغبٗ‪ 9 ٛ‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪ٗ Kb (NH3) = 2 10-5‬‬ ‫‪. log 1.8 = 0.26 , Ka = 1.8 10-5‬‬
‫ئ ‪. log2 = 0.3‬‬ ‫اجلىاب ‪/‬‬
‫= ‪ pKa‬اجلىاب ‪/‬‬ ‫‪logKa‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log2‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪pKa = – [ log1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log10-5‬‬
‫‪pKb = – [ log2‬‬ ‫] ‪log10-5‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬
‫‪pKb = – [ 0.3‬‬ ‫]‪5‬‬
‫‪pKa = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pKb = 4.7‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pOH = 14‬‬ ‫‪pH‬‬
‫‪pOH = 14 – 9‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 5‬‬
‫‪5 – 4.7 = log‬‬ ‫‪log 1.8 = log‬‬
‫= ‪1.8‬‬
‫‪log 2 = log‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪] = 1.8‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫‪] = 0.36 M‬‬
‫=‪2‬‬
‫)‪(g‬‬ ‫)‪= M (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪M (g/mol‬‬ ‫)‪V(L‬‬
‫‪[ Salt ] = 2‬‬ ‫‪0.15 = 0.3 M‬‬
‫)‪(g‬‬ ‫)‪= 0.36 (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪82 (g/mol‬‬ ‫)‪1(L‬‬
‫= )‪V(L‬‬ ‫‪= 0.5 L‬‬ ‫‪m (g) = 29.52 g‬‬
‫)‪(g‬‬ ‫)‪= M (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪M (g/mol‬‬ ‫)‪V(L‬‬
‫)‪(g‬‬ ‫)‪= 0.3 (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪53.5 (g/mol‬‬ ‫)‪0.5(L‬‬
‫‪m (g) = 8.025 g‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 8‬ئ ‪ / 2016‬د‪2‬‬ ‫ط‪ / 7‬ئ ‪ / 2015‬د‪ 2‬خبسط‬

‫اؽغت مزيخ مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ االٍّ٘‪NH4Cl ً٘ٞ‬‬ ‫اؽغت مزيخ مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ ابٍّ٘‪ NH4Cl ً٘ٞ‬اىنزيخ‬
‫ئ ‪ M = 53.5 g/mol‬اى٘اعت اظبفزٖب اى‪ ٚ‬سثغ ىزش‬ ‫اىَ٘ى‪ٞ‬خ ىٔ ئ ‪ M = 53.5 g/mol‬اى٘اعت اظبفزٖب‬
‫ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ‪ 0.2 M‬اٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب ىغؼو ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬اىَؾي٘ه‬ ‫اى‪ٍ ٍِ 500mL ٚ‬ؾي٘ه ‪ 0.15M‬اٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب ‪NH3‬‬
‫‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪ 9 ٛ‬ػيَب ً اُ صبثذ رينل االٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب‬ ‫ىغؼو ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬اىَؾي٘ه رغبٗ‪ 9 ٛ‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪Kb‬‬
‫‪ , Kb = 1.8 10-5‬ئ ‪. log 1.8 = 0.26‬‬ ‫‪ (NH3) = 1.8 10-5‬ئ ‪. log1.8 = 0.26‬‬
‫اجلىاب ‪/‬‬ ‫اجلىاب ‪/‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪logKb‬‬ ‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪logKb‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪pKb = – [ log1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log10-5‬‬ ‫‪pKb = – [ log1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log10-5‬‬
‫] ‪pKb = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬ ‫‪pKb = – [ 0.26 – 5 ] = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pKb = 4.74‬‬ ‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 14‬‬ ‫‪pH‬‬
‫‪pOH = 14‬‬ ‫‪pH‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 14 – 9‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 5‬‬
‫‪pOH = 14 – 9‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 5‬‬
‫‪5 – 4.74 = log‬‬

‫‪5 – 4.74 = log‬‬
‫‪log 1.8 = log‬‬

‫‪log 1.8 = log‬‬
‫= ‪1.8‬‬
‫= ‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪[ Salt ] = 1.8‬‬ ‫‪0.15‬‬
‫‪[ Salt ] = 1.8‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪] = 0.27 M‬‬
‫[‬ ‫‪] = 0.36 M‬‬ ‫= )‪V(L‬‬ ‫‪= 0.5 L‬‬
‫)‪(g‬‬ ‫)‪= M (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪M (g/mol‬‬ ‫)‪V(L‬‬
‫)‪(g‬‬ ‫)‪= M (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪M (g/mol‬‬ ‫)‪V(L‬‬
‫)‪(g‬‬ ‫)‪= 0.36 (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪53.5 (g/mol‬‬ ‫)‪0.25(L‬‬
‫)‪(g‬‬ ‫)‪= 0.27 (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪53.5 (g/mol‬‬ ‫)‪0.5(L‬‬
‫‪m (g) = 4.815 g‬‬
‫‪m (g) = 7.2225 g‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 9‬ئ ‪ / 2021‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬
‫اؽغت مزيخ مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ ابٍّ٘‪ ً٘ٞ‬ئ‪(M = 53.5 g/mol‬‬
‫اى٘اعت اظبفزٖب اى‪ٍ ٍِ 600mL ٚ‬ؾي٘ه ‪0.2M‬‬
‫أٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب ىغؼو ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬اىَؾي٘ه رغبٗ‪ 9 ٛ‬ػيَب ً اُ‬
‫‪ Kb (NH3) = 1.8 10-5‬ئ ‪. log1.8 = 0.26‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪pKb = – [ log1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log10-5‬‬
‫] ‪pKb = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬
‫‪pKb = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pOH = 14‬‬ ‫‪pH‬‬
‫‪pOH = 14 – 9‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 5‬‬
‫‪5 – 4.74 = log‬‬
‫‪log 1.8 = log‬‬
‫= ‪1.8‬‬
‫‪[ Salt ] = 1.8‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫‪] = 0.36 M‬‬
‫= )‪V(L‬‬ ‫‪= 0.6 L‬‬
‫)‪(g‬‬ ‫)‪= M (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪M (g/mol‬‬ ‫)‪V(L‬‬

‫)‪(g‬‬ ‫)‪= 0.36 (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪53.5 (g/mol‬‬ ‫)‪0.6(L‬‬
‫‪m (g) = 11.55 g‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫طدائل طحاضيـل بفـر ( ثـالث طـواد ) ( اضاسظ ترصيز بدون حجم )‬

‫ط‪ / 1‬ئ ‪ / 2014‬د‪3‬‬
‫اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ٍ ٍِ 0.01 M‬ؾي٘ه ٕ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ ً٘ٝ‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش‬
‫ٍنُ٘ ٍِ ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ‪ٗ CH3COOH‬خالد اىص٘د‪ CH3COONa ً٘ٝ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ض مو ٍَْٖب ‪ 0.1 M‬ػيَب ً اُ‬
‫‪ Ka = 1.8 10-5‬ئ ‪. log1.2 = 0.08 , log1.8 = 0.26 , log3 = 0.477 , log11 = 1.04‬‬
‫قجو االظبفخ ‪/‬‬ ‫ثؼذ االظبفخ ‪/‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log Ka‬‬ ‫‪NaOH‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪OH-‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪[ log 1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-5‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ] = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪pKa = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 +‬‬

‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log1.2‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + 0.08‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.82‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.82 – 4.74‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.08‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 2‬ئ ‪ / 2015‬د‪1‬‬
‫اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ ٍِ 0.01 M‬ؽبٍط اىنجش‪ٝ‬ز‪ٞ‬ل ‪ H2SO4‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش‬
‫ٍنُ٘ ٍِ ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ‪ٗ CH3COOH‬خالد اىص٘د‪ CH3COONa ً٘ٝ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ض مو ٍَْٖب ‪ 0.1 M‬ػيَب ً اُ‬
‫‪ Ka(CH3COOH) = 1.8 10-5‬ئ ‪. log1.8 = 0.26 , log2 = 0.3 , log3 = 0.477‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log Ka‬‬ ‫‪H2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪[ log 1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-5‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬ ‫‪[ H+ ] = 2(0.01) = 0.02 M‬‬
‫‪pKa = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 +‬‬

‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫) ‪pH = 4.74 + ( log2 – log3‬‬

‫) ‪pH = 4.74 + ( 0.3 – 0.477‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74‬‬ ‫‪0.177‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.563‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.563 – 4.74‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.177‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 3‬ئ ‪ / 2018‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬
‫اؽغت ق‪َٞ‬خ ابط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪-: pH ْٜٞ‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ىيزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ٍنُ٘ ٍِ ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٗ 0.2 M‬خالد اىص٘د‪ ً٘ٝ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪. 0.2 M‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ىْيظ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ ٍِ 0.1 M‬ؽبٍط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمي٘س‪ٝ‬ل ‪ ,‬صٌ اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش اىؾبصو ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ‬
‫‪ pH‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪ٗ pKa = 4.74‬اُ ئ ‪ log3 = 0.477‬ئإَو اىزر‪ٞ‬ش اىز‪ٝ ٛ‬ؾصو ف‪ ٜ‬ؽغٌ اىَؾي٘ه ثؼذ االظبفخ‬
‫‪HCl‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Cl-‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74‬‬ ‫‪[ H+ ] = 0.1 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫) ‪pH = 4.74 + ( log1 – log3‬‬

‫‪pH = 4.74 + 0 – 0.477‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.263‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.263 – 4.740‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.477‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 4‬ئ ‪ / 2019‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ ٛ‬د‬
‫ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ؽغَٔ ىزش ٗاؽذ ‪ٝ‬زنُ٘ ٍِ ‪ 0.4 M‬ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ‪ 0.2 M ٗ CH3COOH‬خالد اىص٘د‪ً٘ٝ‬‬
‫‪ CH3COONa‬اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ اىـ ‪ pH‬ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ ٍِ 0.1 M‬ؽبٍط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمي٘س‪ٝ‬ل ‪ HCl‬اى‪ٚ‬‬
‫ىزش ٗاؽذ ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه ئ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ػيَب ً اُ ‪Ka (CH3COOH) = 1.8 10-5‬‬
‫ئ ‪log1.8 = 0.26 , log2 = 0.3 , log5 = 0.7‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log Ka‬‬ ‫‪HCl‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Cl-‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪[ log 1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-5‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬ ‫‪[ H+ ] = 0.1 M‬‬
‫‪pKa = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 +‬‬

‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬ ‫) ‪pH = 4.74 + ( log1 – log5‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + ( log1‬‬ ‫) ‪log2‬‬ ‫‪pH = 4.74 + 0 – 0.7‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + 0 – 0.3‬‬ ‫‪pH = 4.04‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.44‬‬
‫رغبٗ‪ٗ 0.5 ٛ‬رؾ٘ه‬ ‫ّغزط‪ٞ‬غ اىؾو ا‪ٝ‬عب ً ثبػزجبس ئ‬
‫‪. log 5‬‬ ‫ٗرصجؼ ئ ‪10-1‬‬

‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.04 – 4.44‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.4‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 5‬ئ ‪ / 2018‬د‪3‬‬
‫‪-4‬‬
‫ٍب ق‪َٞ‬خ ابط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ pH ْٜٞ‬ىَض‪ٝ‬ظ ثيش‪ٍ ٛ‬نُ٘ ٍِ ؽبٍط اىْزشٗص ‪ Ka = 4.5 10 , HNO2‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض‬
‫‪ّٗ 0.12M‬زش‪ٝ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ NaNO2 ً٘ٝ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.15M‬؟ صٌ اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ اىـ ‪ pH‬ثؼذاظبفخ‬
‫‪ٕٞ ٍِ 0.025M‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ NaOH ً٘ٝ‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه اىجيش‪ , ٛ‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪:‬‬
‫ئ ‪log4.5 = 0.65 , log1.84 = 0.26 , log1.25 = 0.1‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log Ka‬‬ ‫‪NaOH‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪OH-‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log 4.5‬‬ ‫‪10-4‬‬ ‫‪0.025‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪[ log 4.5‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-4‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.025‬‬ ‫‪0.025‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.65 – 4‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ] = 0.025 M‬‬
‫‪pKa = 3.35‬‬
‫‪HNO2‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪NO2-‬‬
‫‪NaNO2‬‬ ‫‪Na+ +‬‬ ‫‪NO2-‬‬ ‫‪pH = 3.35 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + log 1.84‬‬

‫‪pH = 3.35 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + 0.26‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + log‬‬ ‫‪pH = 3.61‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + log 1.25‬‬

‫‪pH = 3.35 + 0.1‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.45‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.61 – 3.45‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.16‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 6‬ئ ‪ / 2015‬د‪2‬‬
‫اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ اىـ ‪ pH‬ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ٍ ٍِ 0.025 M‬ؾي٘ه ‪ Ba(OH)2‬اى‪ٍ ٍِ 1L ٚ‬ؾي٘ه ثيش ٍنُ٘‬
‫ٍِ ئ ‪ ٗ NH3 0.1 M‬ئ ‪ NH4Cl 0.3 M‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪. Kb = 2 10-5‬‬
‫ئ ‪log1.6 = 0.2 , log2 = 0.3 , log3 = 0.47‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log Kb‬‬ ‫‪Ba(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2OH-‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log 2‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪0.025‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪[ log 2‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-5‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.025‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.025‬‬
‫] ‪pKb = – [ 0.3 – 5‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ] = 2(0.025) = 0.05 M‬‬
‫‪pKb = 4.7‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.7 +‬‬

‫‪pOH = 4.7 + log‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.7 + log‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.7 + log 3‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.7 + log1.6‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.7 + 0.47‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.7 + 0.2‬‬
‫‪pOH = 5.17‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.9‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 5.17‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 4.9‬‬
‫‪pH = 8.83‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.1‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.1 – 8.83‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.27‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 7‬ئ ‪ / 2019‬د‪1‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ىيزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ٍنُ٘ ٍِ االٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب ‪ٗ NH3‬مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ االٍّ٘‪ NH4Cl ً٘ٞ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.2 M‬ىنو ٍَْٖب ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ىْيظ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ىنِ ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ٍ ٍِ 0.05 M‬ؾي٘ه ‪ Ba(OH)2‬اى‪. ٔٞ‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش اىؾبصو ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ّٗ pH‬بقش اىْز‪ٞ‬غخ ػيَب ً اُ ‪ Kb (NH3) = 1.8 10-5‬ئ إَٔو اىزر‪ٞ‬ش‬
‫اىز‪ٝ ٛ‬ؾصو ف‪ ٜ‬ؽغٌ اىَؾي٘ه ثؼذ اظبفخ اىقبػذح اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ئ ‪. log3 = 0.477 , log1.8 = 0.26‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log Kb‬‬ ‫‪Ba(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2OH-‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log 2‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪[ log 2‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-5‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.05‬‬
‫] ‪pKb = – [ 0.3 – 5‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ] = 2(0.05) = 0.1 M‬‬
‫‪pKb = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 +‬‬

‫‪pOH= 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log1 – log3‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + 0 – 0.477‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.263‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 4.74‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.26‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 4.263‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.737‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.737 – 9.26‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.477‬‬
‫ّالؽع ػْذ اظبفخ ‪ Ba(OH)2‬ع٘ف ‪ ْٝ‬ػ اىزيبػو اىخيي‪ ٜ‬فزقو اىقبػذ‪ٝ‬خ ٗرضداد ‪. pH‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 8‬ئ ‪ / 2022‬د‪1‬‬
‫اؽغت ق‪َٞ‬خ ابط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ 1 , pH ْٜٞ‬ىيزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ٍنُ٘ ٍِ االٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب ٗمي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ االٍّ٘‪ ً٘ٞ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪0.3 M‬‬
‫ىنو ٍَْٖب ‪ 2 .‬ىْيظ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ىنِ ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ , H2SO4 ٍِ 0.05 M‬صٌ اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش اىؾبصو ف‪ٜ‬‬
‫ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ّٗ pH‬بقش اىْز‪ٞ‬غخ ػيَب ً اُ ‪. log2 = 0.3 , log1.8 = 0.26 , Kb (NH3) = 1.8 10-5‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log Kb‬‬ ‫‪H2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log 2‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪[ log 2‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-5‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.05‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬
‫] ‪pKb = – [ 0.3 – 5‬‬ ‫‪[ H+ ] = 2(0.05) = 0.1 M‬‬
‫‪pKb = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 +‬‬

‫‪pOH= 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log2‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + 0.3‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 4.74‬‬
‫‪pOH = 5.04‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.26‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 5.04‬‬
‫‪pH = 8.96‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 8.96 – 9.26‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.3‬‬
‫اظبفخ اىؾبٍط اىق٘‪ٝ ٛ‬غجت ّقصبُ ظئ‪ٞ‬و ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬بّٔ ٍؾي٘ه ٍْظٌ ئ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش‪ٗ ٛ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬عبىجخ‬
‫الُ اىَعبف ؽبٍط ‪.‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 9‬ئ ‪ / 2023‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ ٛ‬د‬
‫‪ -1‬ىيزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ٍنُ٘ ٍِ االٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٗ 0.1 M‬مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ االٍّ٘‪ ً٘ٞ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪. 0.5 M‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ىْيظ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ٗىنِ ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ KOH 0.1 M‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٗاؽذ ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ‪.‬‬
‫ػيَب ً اُ ‪ٗ Kb (NH3) = 1.8 10-5‬أُ ئ ‪. log5 = 0.7 , log2 = 0.3 , log1.8 = 0.26‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log Kb‬‬ ‫‪KOH‬‬ ‫‪K+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪OH-‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪[ log 1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-5‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬
‫] ‪pKb = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ] = 0.1 M‬‬
‫‪pKb = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 +‬‬

‫‪pOH= 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log5‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log2‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + 0.7‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + 0.3‬‬
‫‪pOH = 5.44‬‬
‫‪pOH = 5.04‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 5.44‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 5.04‬‬
‫‪pH = 8.56‬‬
‫‪pH = 8.96‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 10‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪ 2‬د‬
‫اؽغت ق‪َٞ‬خ ابط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ pH ْٜٞ‬ىَؾي٘ه ‪ٝ‬ؾز٘‪ ٛ‬ػي‪ ٚ‬االٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب ‪ NH3‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٗ 0.2 mole/L‬مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ االٍّ٘‪ً٘ٞ‬‬
‫‪ NH4Cl‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٗ 0.4 mole/L‬قبسُ اىْز‪ٞ‬غخ ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ Ba(OH)2 ٍِ 0.05 M‬ىْيظ اىَؾي٘ه ػيَب ً اُ‬
‫ئ ‪ٗ pKb = 4.7‬اُ ئ ‪. log2 = 0.3‬‬
‫‪Ba(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2OH-‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.7 + log‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.05‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.7 + log 2‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ] = 2(0.05) = 0.1 M‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.7 + 0.3‬‬

‫‪pOH = 5‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 4.7 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 4.7 + log‬‬

‫‪pH = 14 – 5‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.7‬‬
‫‪pH = 9‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 4.7‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.3‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.3 – 9‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.3‬‬
‫‪ pH2‬امجش ثقي‪ٞ‬و ٍِ ‪ pH1‬بُ ثيش ‪ٝ‬قبًٗ اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ٝٗ pH‬نُ٘ ٍقذاس اىض‪ٝ‬بدح قي‪ٞ‬و عذاً ‪.‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫طدائل طحاضيـل بفـر ( ثـالث طـواد ) ( اضاسظ ردد طوالت )‬

‫ط‪ / 1‬ئ ‪ / 2015‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬
‫ّصف ىزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ‪ KCN 0.3 M ٗ HCN 0.1 M‬اؽغت اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬ػْذ اظبفخ ‪ٍِ 0.025 mol‬‬
‫‪ H2SO4‬ػيَب ً اُ ئ ‪ pKa = 9.31‬ئ ‪log3 = 0.48‬‬
‫=‪M‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.05 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.31 + log‬‬ ‫‪H2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬

‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.31 + log 3‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.05‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.31 + 0.48‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 2(0.05) = 0.1 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.79‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.31 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.31 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.31 + log1‬‬

‫‪pH = 9.31 + 0‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.31‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.31 – 9.79‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.48‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 2‬ئ ‪ / 2015‬د‪ّ 1‬بصؽ‪ِٞ‬‬
‫اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ىـ ‪ pH‬ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ٍ ٍِ 1mL‬ؾي٘ه ٕ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ ً٘ٝ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ٍ٘ 10‬الس‪ ٛ‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ‬
‫ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ٍنُ٘ ٍِ ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ‪ CH3COOH‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٍ٘ 0.1‬الس‪ٗ ٛ‬خالد اىص٘د‪CH3COONa ً٘ٝ‬‬
‫ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٍ٘ 0.1‬الس‪ ٛ‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪ pKa‬ىيؾبٍط رغبٗ‪4.74 ٛ‬‬
‫ئ ‪log1.2 = 0.08 , log3 = 0.477 , log11 = 1.04‬‬
‫‪M1‬‬ ‫‪V1 = M2‬‬ ‫‪V2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1 = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬ ‫‪NaOH‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪OH-‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪[ OH ] = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫) ‪pH = 4.74 + ( log11 – log9‬‬

‫‪pH = 4.74 + ( log11‬‬ ‫) ‪log32‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + ( log11 – 2‬‬ ‫) ‪log3‬‬
‫)‪pH = 4.74 + 1.04 – 2(0.477‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + 1.04 – 0.954‬‬
‫‪pH = 5.78 – 0.954‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.826‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.826 – 4.74‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.086‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 3‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪ٍ٘ 2‬صو د‬
‫اظ‪ٞ‬ف ئ ‪ٍ ٍِ 0.1 mol‬ؾي٘ه ‪ Ba(OH)2‬اى‪ٍ ٍِ 2L ٚ‬ؾي٘ه ثيش ٍنُ٘ ٍِ ‪ NaCN ٗ HCN‬مو ٍَْٖب‬
‫ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.3 M‬مٌ ع‪ٞ‬نُ٘ ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ اىـ ‪ pH‬؟ ػيَب ً اُ ‪Ka (HCN) = 6 10-10‬‬
‫ئ ‪log2 = 0.3 , log6 = 0.8‬‬
‫=‪M‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.05 M‬‬
‫‪-10‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log 6‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪[ log 6‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-10‬‬ ‫‪Ba(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2OH-‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.8 – 10‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪pKa = 9.2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.05‬‬

‫‪[ OH- ] = 2(0.05) = 0.1 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.2 + log‬‬

‫‪pH = 9.2 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.2‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.2 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.2 + log2‬‬

‫‪pH = 9.2 + 0.3‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.5‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.5 – 9.2‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.3‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 4‬ئ ‪ / 2018‬د‪3‬‬
‫اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ اىـ ‪ pH‬ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ٕٞ ٍِ 0.05mol‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ NaOH ً٘ٝ‬اى‪ٍ ٍِ 2L ٚ‬ؾي٘ه‬
‫ثيش‪ٍ ٛ‬نُ٘ ٍِ ؽبٍط اىْزشٗص ‪ Ka = 4.5 10-4 , HNO2‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ّٗ 0.12 M‬زش‪ٝ‬ذ اىص٘د‪NaNO2 ً٘ٝ‬‬
‫ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.15 M‬ئ ‪log4.5 = 0.65 , log1.84 = 0.26 , log1.25 = 0.1‬‬
‫=‪M‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.025 M‬‬
‫‪-4‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log 4.5‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪[ log 4.5‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-4‬‬ ‫‪NaOH‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪OH-‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.65 – 4‬‬ ‫‪0.025‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪pKa = 3.35‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.025‬‬ ‫‪0.025‬‬

‫‪[ OH- ] = 0.025 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + log‬‬

‫‪pH = 3.35 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + log 1.25‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + 0.1‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.45‬‬ ‫‪pH = 3.35 + log 1.84‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + 0.26‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.61‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.61 – 3.45‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.16‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 5‬ئ ‪ / 2019‬د‪ 1‬د‬
‫اظ‪ٞ‬ف ‪ٍ ٍِ 0.05mol‬ؾي٘ه ‪ Ba(OH)2‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ٍنُ٘ ٍِ ‪ HCN‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ NaCN ٗ 0.3 M‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض‬
‫‪ 0.3 M‬مٌ ع‪ٞ‬نُ٘ ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪Ka (HCN) = 6 10-10‬‬
‫ئ ‪log6 = 0.8 , log7 = 0.85‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log 6‬‬ ‫‪10-10‬‬
‫=‪M‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.05 M‬‬
‫‪-10‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪[ log 6‬‬ ‫‪log 10‬‬ ‫]‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.8 – 10‬‬ ‫‪Ba(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2OH-‬‬
‫‪pKa = 9.2‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.05‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 2(0.05) = 0.1 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.2 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.2‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.2 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.2 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.2 + log2‬‬

‫‪pH = 9.2 + 0.3‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.5‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.5 – 9.2‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.3‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 6‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪ 1‬خبسط د‬
‫اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ االط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ ْٜٞ‬ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ ٍِ 0.01 mol‬ؽبٍط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمي٘س‪ٝ‬ل اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ‬
‫ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ‪ٝ‬زنُ٘ ٍِ ‪ 0.3 M‬مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ االٍّ٘‪ 0.1 M ٗ NH4Cl ً٘ٞ‬اٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب ػيَب ً اُ ‪Kb = 2 10-5‬‬
‫ئ ‪log2 = 0.3 , log3 = 0.47 , log31 = 1.5‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log Kb‬‬
‫=‪M‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪-5‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log 2‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪[ log 2‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10‬‬‫‪-5‬‬ ‫‪HCl‬‬ ‫‪H+ +‬‬ ‫‪Cl-‬‬
‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫] ‪pKb = – [ 0.3 – 5‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪pKb = 4.7‬‬ ‫‪[ H ] = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪pOH= 4.7 + log‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 4.7 +‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.7 + log3‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 4.7 + log‬‬

‫‪pOH = 4.7 + 0.47‬‬ ‫) ‪pOH = 4.7 + ( log31 – log9‬‬
‫‪pOH = 5.17‬‬ ‫) ‪pOH = 4.7 + ( log31 – log32‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬ ‫) ‪pOH = 4.7 + ( 1.5‬‬ ‫‪(2‬‬ ‫) ‪log3‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 4.7 + 1.5‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.47‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 5.17‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 6.2‬‬ ‫‪0.94‬‬
‫‪pH = 8.83‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 5.26‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 5.26 = 8.74‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 8.74 – 8.83 = 0.09‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫طدائل طحاضيـل بفـر ( ثـالث طـواد ) ( اضاسظ حجطيظ ‪ /‬وجود حجطين وترصيز راضي )‬
‫ط‪ / 1‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪ 2‬خبسط‬
‫اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ٍ 2 mL‬ؾي٘ه ٕ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ NaOH ً٘ٝ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ 5 M‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش‬
‫ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ٍنُ٘ ٍِ ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ‪ CH3COOH‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٗ 0.1 M‬خالد اىص٘د‪CH3COONa ً٘ٝ‬‬
‫ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.1 M‬ارا ػيَذ اُ ‪ Ka (CH3COOH) = 1.8 10-5‬ئ إَٔو اىزر‪ٞ‬ش اىؾبصو ف‪ ٜ‬ؽغٌ اىَؾي٘ه ثؼذ‬
‫اظبفخ اىقبػذح اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ئ ‪log1.2 = 0.08 , log1.8 = 0.26 , log3 = 0.477 , log11 = 1.04‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log Ka‬‬ ‫‪M1‬‬ ‫‪V1 = M2‬‬ ‫‪V2‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1 = 0.01 M‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪[ log 1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-5‬‬ ‫‪NaOH‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪OH-‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪pKa = 4.74‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪[ OH ] = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬

‫‪pH = 4.74 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫) ‪pH = 4.74 + ( log11 – log9‬‬

‫‪pH = 4.74 + ( log11‬‬ ‫) ‪log32‬‬
‫) ‪pH = 4.74 + ( 1.04‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.477‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + 1.04 – 0.954‬‬
‫‪pH = 5.78 – 0.954‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.826‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.826 – 4.74‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.086‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 2‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪3‬‬
‫اؽغت ق‪َٞ‬خ االط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ ْٜٞ‬ئ ‪ 1 : pH‬ىيزش ٗاؽذ ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ٍنُ٘ ٍِ ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ٗخالد‬
‫اىص٘د‪ ً٘ٝ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ئ ‪ 0.1 M‬ىنو ٍَْٖب ‪ 2 .‬ىْيظ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ثؼذ اظبفخ ئ ‪ ٍِ 1mL‬ؽبٍط اىنجش‪ٝ‬ز‪ٞ‬ل‬
‫رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ئ ‪ , 10 M‬صٌ اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش اىؾبصو ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ ئ ‪ pH‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪ , pKa = 4.74‬ئ ‪, log2 = 0.3‬‬
‫‪ log3 = 0.477‬ئ إَٔو اىزر‪ٞ‬ش اىؾبصو اىز‪ٝ ٛ‬ؾصو ف‪ ٜ‬ؽغٌ اىَؾي٘ه ثؼذ اظبفخ اىؾبٍط اىق٘‪. ٛ‬‬
‫‪M1‬‬ ‫‪V1 = M2‬‬ ‫‪V2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1 = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬ ‫‪H2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪[ H ] = 2(0.01) = 0.02 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫) ‪pH = 4.74 + ( log2 – log3‬‬

‫) ‪pH = 4.74 + ( 0.3 – 0.477‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74‬‬ ‫‪0.177‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.563‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.563 – 4.74‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.177‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 3‬ئ ‪ / 2021‬د‪1‬‬
‫اؽغت ق‪َٞ‬خ االط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ 1 : pH ْٜٞ‬ىيزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ٍنُ٘ ٍِ ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ‪ CH3COOH‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض‬
‫‪ 2‬ىْيظ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪1mL‬‬ ‫‪ٗ 0.12M‬خالد اىص٘د‪ CH3COONa ً٘ٝ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪. 0.16M‬‬
‫ً‬
‫ٍِ ؽبٍط اىنجش‪ٝ‬ز‪ٞ‬ل رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ , 10M‬صٌ اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش اىؾبصو ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ّٗ , pH‬بقش اىْز‪ٞ‬غخ ػيَب اُ‬
‫‪ , pKa = 4.74‬ئ ‪ log3 = 0.477 , log2 = 0.3‬ئ إَٔو اىزر‪ٞ‬ش اىؾبصو اىز‪ٝ ٛ‬ؾصو ف‪ ٜ‬ؽغٌ اىَؾي٘ه ثؼذ‬
‫اظبفخ اىؾبٍط اىق٘‪. ٛ‬‬
‫‪M1‬‬ ‫‪V1 = M2‬‬ ‫‪V2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1 = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬ ‫‪H2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫) ‪pH = 4.74 + ( log4 – log3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪[ H+ ] = 2(0.01) = 0.02 M‬‬
‫) ‪pH = 4.74 + ( log2 – log3‬‬
‫) ‪pH = 4.74 + ( 2log2 – log3‬‬
‫) ‪pH = 4.74 + ( 2(0.3) – 0.477‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + ( 0.6‬‬ ‫) ‪0.177‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.863‬‬ ‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 – 4.863‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.123‬‬
‫اىَْبق خ ‪ -:‬اظبفخ اىؾبٍط اىق٘‪ٝ ٛ‬ؤد‪ ٛ‬اى‪ ٚ‬ص‪ٝ‬بدح قي‪ٞ‬يخ ف‪ٗ [ H+ ] ٜ‬ثبىزبى‪ ٜ‬رقو ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬ثَقذاس غي‪ٞ‬ف ‪.‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 4‬ئ ‪ / 2021‬د‪1‬‬
‫اؽغت ق‪َٞ‬خ االط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ 1 : pH ْٜٞ‬ىيزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش‪ٍ ٛ‬نُ٘ ٍِ ؽبٍط اىْزشٗص ‪ّٗ HNO2‬زش‪ٝ‬ذ‬
‫اىص٘د‪ NaNO2 ً٘ٝ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.2M‬ىنو ٍَْٖب ‪ 2 .‬ىْيظ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ىنِ ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ٍِ 10mL ٍِ 5M‬‬
‫ٕ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىنبىغ‪ Ca(OH)2 ً٘ٞ‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ػيَب ً ‪ٗ Ka = 4.5 X 10-4‬اُ ئ ‪, log3 = 0.477‬‬
‫‪ log4.5 = 0.65‬ئ إَو اىزر‪ٞ‬ش اىؾبصو ف‪ ٜ‬ؽغٌ اىَؾي٘ه ثؼذ اظبفخ اىقبػذح اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ اى‪. ٔٞ‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log Ka‬‬ ‫‪M1‬‬ ‫‪V1 = M2‬‬ ‫‪V2‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log 4.5‬‬ ‫‪10-4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1 = 0.05 M‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪[ log 4.5‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-4‬‬ ‫‪Ca(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Ca+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2OH-‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.65 – 4‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪pKa = 3.35‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.05‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 2(0.05) = 0.1 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35‬‬ ‫‪pH = 3.35 +‬‬

‫‪ pH = 3.35 + log‬أٗ ‪/‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = Ka‬‬ ‫‪pH = 3.35 + log 3‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 4.5‬‬ ‫‪10-4‬‬ ‫‪pH = 3.35 + 0.477‬‬

‫‪pH = 3.827‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 4.5‬‬ ‫‪10-4‬‬
‫] ‪pH = log [ H+‬‬
‫‪pH = log ( 4.5‬‬ ‫) ‪10-4‬‬
‫‪pH = ( log 4.5‬‬ ‫) ‪log 10-4‬‬
‫) ‪pH = ( 0.65 – 4‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 5‬ئ ‪ / 2016‬د‪1‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ىيزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ٍنُ٘ ٍِ االٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب ٗمي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ االٍّ٘‪ ً٘ٞ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ئ ‪ٍ٘ 0.1‬الس‪ ٛ‬ىنو ٍَْٖب ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ٍ ٍِ 2mL‬ؾي٘ه ٕ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ ً٘ٝ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ئ ‪ٍ٘ 5‬الس‪ , ٛ‬صٌ اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش اىؾبصو ف‪ٜ‬‬
‫ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬ئ ‪ ٗ log1.8 = 0.26 , log3 = 0.477 , log11 = 1.04‬ئ ‪Kb (NH3) = 1.8 10-5‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log Kb‬‬ ‫‪M1‬‬ ‫‪V1 = M2‬‬ ‫‪V2‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1 = 0.01 M‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪[ log 1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-5‬‬ ‫‪NaOH‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪OH-‬‬
‫] ‪pKb = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪pKb = 4.74‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪[ OH ] = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log‬‬

‫‪pOH = 4.74 +‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬ ‫) ‪pOH = 4.74 + ( log9 – log11‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 4.74‬‬ ‫) ‪pOH = 4.74 + ( log32 – log11‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.26‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 4.74 + ( 2‬‬ ‫) ‪log3 ) – log11‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + 2(0.477) – 1.04‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + 0.954‬‬ ‫‪1.04‬‬
‫‪pOH = 5.694 – 1.04‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.654‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 4.654 = 9.346‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.346 – 9.26 = 0.086‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 6‬ئ ‪ / 2018‬د‪ٍ / 1‬الؽظخ ىٌ ‪ٝ‬ؼط‪ ٚ‬ؽغٌ االّبء ‪ / 2021 +‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬
‫اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ ٍِ 1mL‬ؽبٍط ‪ H2SO4‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ 10 M‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش‬
‫ٍنُ٘ ٍِ االٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب ‪ NH3‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٗ 0.1 M‬مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ االٍّ٘‪ NH4Cl ً٘ٞ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.1 M‬ػيَب ً اُ‬
‫‪ Kb (NH3) = 1.8 10-5‬ئ إَٔو اىزر‪ٞ‬ش اىؾبصو ف‪ ٜ‬ؽغٌ اىَؾي٘ه ثؼذ اظبفخ اىؾبٍط اىق٘‪. ٛ‬‬
‫ئ ‪ log1.5 = 0.18 , log1.8 = 0.26‬ئ ‪log2 = 0.3 , log3 = 0.47‬‬
‫ٍالؽظخ ؽ٘ه ٕزا اىغؤاه ىٌ ‪ٝ‬ؼط‪ ٜ‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىغؤاه ؽغٌ االّبء فبرا اىطبىت ىٌ ‪ٝ‬غزخذً اىزخي‪ٞ‬ف ال ‪ٝ‬ؾبعت ‪.‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log Kb‬‬ ‫‪M1‬‬ ‫‪V1 = M2‬‬ ‫‪V2‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1 = 0.01 M‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪[ log 1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-5‬‬ ‫‪H2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬
‫] ‪pKb = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪pKb = 4.74‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪[ H ] = 2(0.01) = 0.02 M‬‬
‫‪NH3 + H2O‬‬ ‫‪NH4+ + OH-‬‬
‫‪NH4Cl‬‬ ‫‪NH4+ + Cl-‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 +‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log‬‬

‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log1.5‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 4.74 + 0.18‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 4.74‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 4.92‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.26‬‬ ‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 4.92‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.08‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.08 – 9.26 = 0.18‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 7‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪ 3‬د ‪ / 2022 +‬د‪ 2‬د‬
‫ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ‪ٝ‬زنُ٘ ٍِ ‪ ٍِ 0.02 M‬مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ االٍّ٘‪ , NH3 ٍِ 0.01 M ٗ NH4Cl ً٘ٞ‬اظ‪ٞ‬ف اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه‬
‫‪ KOH ٍِ 1mL‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ , 10 M‬اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ثـ ‪ pH‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪. Kb (NH3) = 1.8 10-5‬‬
‫ئ ‪log2 = 0.3 , log1.8 = 0.26‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log Kb‬‬ ‫‪M1‬‬ ‫‪V1 = M2‬‬ ‫‪V2‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1 = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪pKb = 5‬‬ ‫‪log 1.8‬‬ ‫‪KOH‬‬ ‫‪K+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪OH-‬‬
‫‪pKb = 5 – 0.26‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪pKb = 4.74‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪[ OH ] = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 4.74 +‬‬

‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log 2‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + 0.3‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log 1 – log 2‬‬
‫‪pOH = 5.04‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + 0 – 0.3‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.44‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 5.04‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬
‫‪pH = 8.96‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 4.44‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.56‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.56 – 8.96 = 0.6‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 8‬ئ ‪ / 2018‬د‪2‬‬
‫ٍب رشم‪ٞ‬ض خالد اىص٘د‪ CH3COONa ً٘ٝ‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ‪ٝ‬ؾز٘‪ ٛ‬اظبفخ ىيَيؼ اػالٓ ػي‪ ٚ‬ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل‬
‫‪ CH3COOH‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ٗ 0.02 M‬اُ ‪ pH‬ىيَؾي٘ه رغبٗ‪ 4.74 ٛ‬صٌ اؽغت ‪ pH‬ىيَؾي٘ه اػالٓ ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪2 mL‬‬
‫ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ؽبٍط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمي٘س‪ٝ‬ل رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ 5 M‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه اػالٓ ئ إَو اىزر‪ٞ‬ش اىؾبصو ثبىؾغٌ ثؼذ‬
‫االظبفخ ػيَب ً اُ ‪ Ka (CH3COOH) = 1.8 10-5‬ئ ‪log1.8 = 0.26 , log2 = 0.3 , log3 = 0.48‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪logKa‬‬ ‫‪M1‬‬ ‫‪V1 = M2‬‬ ‫‪V2‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1 = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪pKa = – [ log1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log10-5‬‬ ‫‪HCl‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Cl-‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪pKa = 4.74‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬

‫) ‪pH = 4.74 + ( log1 – log3‬‬
‫=‪1‬‬ ‫) ‪pH = 4.74 + ( 0 – 0.48‬‬
‫[‬ ‫‪]=1‬‬ ‫‪0.02‬‬ ‫‪pH = 4.26‬‬
‫[‬ ‫‪] = 0.02 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 9‬ئ ‪ / 2023‬د‪1‬‬
‫ٍب رشم‪ٞ‬ض ٍيؼ خالد اىص٘د‪ CH3COONa ً٘ٝ‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ‪ٝ‬ؾز٘‪ ٛ‬اظبفخ ىيَيؼ ػي‪ ٚ‬ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل‬
‫‪ CH3COOH‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ئ ‪ 0.1 M‬ػيَب اُ ‪ pH‬ىيَؾي٘ه رغبٗ‪ 4.74 ٛ‬؟ صٌ اؽغت ‪ pH‬ىيَؾي٘ه اػالٓ ثؼذ‬
‫اظبفخ ‪ٍ ٍِ 10 mL‬ؾي٘ه ؽبٍط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمي٘س‪ٝ‬ل ‪ HCl‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ئ ‪ 5 M‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه ‪ .‬ئ إَو اىزر‪ٞ‬ش‬
‫اىؾبصو ثبىؾغٌ ثؼذ اظبفخ اىؾبٍط اىق٘‪ ٛ‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪Ka (CH3COOH) = 1.8 10-5‬‬
‫ئ ‪log1.8 = 0.26 , log3 = 0.477‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪logKa‬‬ ‫‪M1‬‬ ‫‪V1 = M2‬‬ ‫‪V2‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1 = 0.05 M‬‬
‫‪pKa = 5‬‬ ‫‪log1.8‬‬ ‫‪HCl‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Cl-‬‬
‫‪pKa = 5 – 0.26‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪pKa = 4.74‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 0.05 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬

‫) ‪pH = 4.74 + ( log1 – log3‬‬
‫=‪1‬‬ ‫) ‪pH = 4.74 + ( 0 – 0.477‬‬
‫[‬ ‫‪]=1‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪pH = 4.263‬‬
‫[‬ ‫‪] = 0.1 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 10‬ئ ‪ / 2022‬د‪ 2‬د‬
‫‪ٍ 1‬ب ق‪َٞ‬خ ابط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ pH ْٜٞ‬ىَؾي٘ه ثيش‪ٝ ٛ‬زنُ٘ ٍِ ‪ّ 0.15 M‬زش‪ٝ‬ذ اىص٘د‪0.1 M ٗ NaNO2 ً٘ٝ‬‬
‫ؽبٍط اىْزشٗص ‪. HNO2‬‬
‫ً‬
‫‪ 2‬اؽغت ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬اىَؾي٘ه اىْبرظ ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ ٍِ 10mL‬ئ ‪ HCl 5M‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٗاؽذ ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ػيَب اُ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ , Ka ( HNO2 ) = 4.5 10-4‬ئ ‪ log4.5 = 0.65 , log3 = 0.477 , log2 = 0.3‬ئ إَٔو اىزر‪ٞ‬ش اىز‪ٛ‬‬
‫‪ٝ‬ؾصو ف‪ ٜ‬ؽغٌ اىَؾي٘ه ثؼذ اظبفخ اىؾبٍط اىق٘‪. ٛ‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log Ka‬‬ ‫‪M1‬‬ ‫‪V1 = M2‬‬ ‫‪V2‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log 4.5‬‬ ‫‪10-4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪[ log 4.5‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-4‬‬ ‫‪M2 = 0.05 M‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.65 – 4‬‬ ‫‪HCl‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Cl-‬‬
‫‪pKa = 3.35‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪HNO2‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪NO2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬
‫‪NaNO2‬‬ ‫‪Na+ +‬‬ ‫‪NO2-‬‬ ‫‪[ H+ ] = 0.05 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + log‬‬ ‫‪pH = 3.35 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + log‬‬ ‫‪pH = 3.35 + log‬‬
‫) ‪pH = 3.35 + ( log 3 – log 2‬‬ ‫‪pH = 3.35 + log‬‬

‫) ‪pH = 3.35 + ( 0.477 – 0.3‬‬
‫) ‪pH = 3.35 + ( log 2 – log 3‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + 0.177‬‬
‫) ‪pH = 3.35 + ( 0.3 – 0.477‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.527‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35‬‬ ‫‪0.177‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.173‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.173 – 3.527‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.354‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫طدائل طحاضيـل بفـر ( ثـالث طـواد ) ( اضاسظ صتضيظ )‬

‫ط‪ / 1‬ئ ‪ / 2013‬د‪ / 2016 + 2‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ / 2017 + ٛ‬د‪ٍ٘ 1‬صو‬
‫ٍض‪ٝ‬ظ ثيش‪ٍ ٛ‬نُ٘ ٍِ ؽبٍط اىْزشٗص ‪ Ka (HNO2) = 4.5 10-4 HNO2‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ّٗ 0.12 M‬زش‪ٝ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ً٘ٝ‬‬
‫‪ NaNO3‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.15 M‬اؽغت ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ق‪َٞ‬خ ابط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ ْٜٞ‬ىيَؾي٘ه ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬ىيَؾي٘ه ثؼذ اظبفخ ئ ‪ٕٞ ٍِ 1.0 g‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ NaOH ً٘ٝ‬ئ ‪ M = 40 g/mol‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش‬
‫ٗاؽذ ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه اىجيش ‪.‬‬
‫ئ ‪log2 = 0.3 , log5 = 0.7 , log4.5 = 0.65 , log1.25 = 0.1 , log1.85 = 0.26‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log Ka‬‬ ‫=‪M‬‬
‫‪-4‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log 4.5‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪[ log 4.5‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-4‬‬ ‫=‪M‬‬ ‫‪= 0.025 M‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.65 – 4‬‬
‫‪NaOH‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪OH-‬‬
‫‪pKa = 3.35‬‬
‫‪0.025‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.025‬‬ ‫‪0.025‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 0.025 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + log 1.25‬‬

‫‪pH = 3.35 + 0.1‬‬ ‫‪pH = 3.35 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.45‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + log 1.84‬‬

‫‪pH = 3.35 + 0.26‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.61‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 2‬ئ ‪ / 2016‬د‪3‬‬
‫اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ىـ ‪ pH‬ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ٕٞ ٍِ 2g‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ NaOH ً٘ٝ‬ئ اىنزيخ اىَ٘ى‪ٞ‬خ ىٔ ‪40 g/mol‬‬
‫اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ٍنُ٘ ٍِ ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ‪ٗ CH3COOH‬خالد اىص٘د‪ CH3COONa ً٘ٝ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ض مو‬
‫ٍَْٖب ‪ 0.2 M‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪. Ka (CH3COOH) = 1.8 10-5 :‬‬
‫ئ ‪log1.8 = 0.26 , log3 = 0.477 , log5 = 0.7‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log Ka‬‬ ‫=‪M‬‬
‫‪-5‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪[ log 1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-5‬‬ ‫=‪M‬‬ ‫‪= 0.05 M‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬
‫‪NaOH‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪OH-‬‬
‫‪pKa = 4.74‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 0.05 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫) ‪pH = 4.74 + ( log5 – log3‬‬

‫) ‪pH = 4.74 + ( 0.7 – 0.477‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + 0.223‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.963‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.963 – 4.74‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.223‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 3‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪ 1‬د‬
‫اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ف‪ ٜ‬ابط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ pH ْٜٞ‬ىَض‪ٝ‬ظ ثيش‪ٍ ٛ‬نُ٘ ٍِ ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ‪ CH3COOH‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض‬
‫‪ٗ 0.2 M‬خالد اىص٘د‪ CH3COONa ً٘ٝ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.4 M‬ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ٕٞ ٍِ 2.0g‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىص٘د‪NaOH ً٘ٝ‬‬
‫ئ ‪ M = 40 g/mol‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٗاؽذ ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ػيَب ً اُ ‪Ka (CH3COOH) = 1.8 10-5‬‬
‫ئ ‪log1.8 = 0.26 , log2 = 0.3 , log3 = 0.477‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log Ka‬‬ ‫=‪M‬‬
‫‪-5‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪[ log 1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-5‬‬ ‫=‪M‬‬ ‫‪= 0.05 M‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬
‫‪NaOH‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪OH-‬‬
‫‪pKa = 4.74‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 0.05 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log 2‬‬

‫‪pH = 4.74 + 0.3‬‬ ‫‪pH = 4.74 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 5.04‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log3‬‬

‫‪pH = 4.74 + 0.477‬‬
‫‪pH = 5.217‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 5.217 – 5.04‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.177‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 4‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪1‬‬
‫ٍب ق‪َٞ‬خ ابط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ pH ْٜٞ‬ىَض‪ٝ‬ظ ثيش‪ٍ ٛ‬نُ٘ ٍِ ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٗ 0.15 M‬خالد اىص٘د‪ ً٘ٝ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض‬
‫‪ 0.25 M‬؟ صٌ اؽغت ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬اىَؾي٘ه اىْبرظ ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ٕٞ ٍِ 2 g‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ ً٘ٝ‬ئ ‪M = 40 g/mol‬‬
‫اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ‪ ,‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪Ka (CH3COOH) = 1.8 10-5‬‬
‫ئ ‪log1.8 = 0.26 , log5 = 0.7 , log3 = 0.477‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log Ka‬‬ ‫=‪M‬‬
‫‪-5‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪[ log 1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-5‬‬ ‫=‪M‬‬ ‫‪= 0.05 M‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬
‫‪NaOH‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪OH-‬‬
‫‪pKa = 4.74‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 0.05 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log 5 – log 3‬‬

‫‪pH = 4.74 + 0.7 – 0.477‬‬ ‫‪pH = 4.74 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.963‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log3‬‬

‫‪pH = 4.74 + 0.477‬‬
‫‪pH = 5.217‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 5‬ئ ‪ / 2022‬د‪ 1‬د‬
‫اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ اىـ ‪ pH‬ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ٕٞ ٍِ 1g‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ NaOH ً٘ٝ‬ئ ‪ M = 40 g/mol‬اى‪ٚ‬‬
‫ىزش ٗاؽذ ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ٍنُ٘ ٍِ ؽبٍط اىْزشٗص ‪ Ka (HNO2) = 4.5 10-4 HNO2‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪0.12 M‬‬
‫ّٗزش‪ٝ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ NaNO3 ً٘ٝ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.15 M‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪. log1.8 = 0.26 , log4.5 = 0.65 , log1.25 = 0.1‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log Ka‬‬ ‫=‪M‬‬
‫‪-4‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log 4.5‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪[ log 4.5‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-4‬‬ ‫=‪M‬‬ ‫‪= 0.025 M‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.65 – 4‬‬
‫‪NaOH‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪OH-‬‬
‫‪pKa = 3.35‬‬
‫‪0.025‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.025‬‬ ‫‪0.025‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 0.025 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + log 1.25‬‬

‫‪pH = 3.35 + 0.1‬‬ ‫‪pH = 3.35 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.45‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.35 + log 1.8‬‬

‫‪pH = 3.35 + 0.26‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.61‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 3.61 – 3.45‬‬
‫‪pH = 0.16‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 6‬ئ ‪ / 2023‬د‪ 1‬د‬
‫‪ٍ 1‬ب ق‪َٞ‬خ االط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ ْٜٞ‬ىَض‪ٝ‬ظ ثيش‪ٍ ٛ‬نُ٘ ٍِ ؽبٍط اىخي‪ٞ‬ل ‪ CH3COOH‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٗ 0.1 M‬خالد‬
‫اىص٘د‪ CH3COONa ً٘ٝ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪. 0.15 M‬‬
‫‪ 2‬اؽغت ق‪ٞ‬نخ ‪ pH‬اىَؾي٘ه اىْبرظ ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ٕٞ ٍِ 2 g‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ NaOH ً٘ٝ‬ئ ‪M = 40 g/mol‬‬
‫اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٗاؽذ ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ػيَب ً اُ ‪. Ka (CH3COOH) = 1.8 10-5 :‬‬
‫ئ ‪log1.8 = 0.26 , log2 = 0.3 , log3 = 0.477‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log Ka‬‬ ‫=‪M‬‬
‫‪-5‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪[ log 1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-5‬‬ ‫=‪M‬‬ ‫‪= 0.05 M‬‬
‫] ‪pKa = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬
‫‪NaOH‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪OH-‬‬
‫‪pKa = 4.74‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 0.05 M‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬

‫‪pH = 4.74 +‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log 2 – log 3‬‬ ‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬

‫‪pH = 4.74 + 0.3 – 0.477‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.563‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + log 3 – log 2‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.74 + 0.477 – 0.3‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.917‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 7‬ئ ‪ / 2018‬د‪ 2‬د‬
‫ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ‪ٝ‬زنُ٘ ٍِ ‪ NH3 ٍِ 0.02 M ٗ NH4Cl ٍِ 0.04 M‬اظ‪ٞ‬ف اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٗاؽذ ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه ‪ٍِ 0.8g‬‬
‫‪ NaOH‬ئ ‪ M = 40 g/mol‬اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ Kb (NH3) = 1.8 10-5‬ئ ‪. log1.8 = 0.26 , log2 = 0.3‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log Kb‬‬ ‫=‪M‬‬
‫‪-5‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪log 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫= ‪pKb‬‬ ‫‪[ log 1.8‬‬ ‫] ‪log 10-5‬‬ ‫=‪M‬‬ ‫‪= 0.02 M‬‬
‫] ‪pKb = – [ 0.26 – 5‬‬
‫‪NaOH‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪OH-‬‬
‫‪pKb = 4.74‬‬ ‫‪0.02‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.02‬‬ ‫‪0.02‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪[ OH ] = 0.02 M‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log2‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 4.74 +‬‬

‫‪pOH = 4.74 + 0.3‬‬
‫‪pOH = 4.74 + log‬‬
‫‪pOH = 5.04‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬ ‫) ‪pOH = 4.74 + ( log1 – log2‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 4.74 + 0 – 0.3‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 5.04‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 4.44‬‬
‫‪pH = 8.96‬‬ ‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 4.44 = 9.56‬‬
‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬
‫‪pH = 9.56 – 8.96 = 0.6‬‬
‫ط‪ / 29‬ط‪ / 8‬ئ ‪ / 2018‬د‪ّ / 2‬يظ ع٘اة اىغؤاه اىغبثق ٍغ رر‪ٞٞ‬ش ابسقبً ‪.‬‬
‫اؽغت ق‪َٞ‬خ ابط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ 1 : pH ْٜٞ‬ىيزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ٍنُ٘ ٍِ ابٍّ٘‪ٞ‬ب ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٗ 0.15M‬مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ‬
‫‪ 2‬ىْيظ ٍؾي٘ه ثيش ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ٕٞ ٍِ 2g‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ً٘ٝ‬‬ ‫ابٍّ٘‪ ً٘ٞ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪. 0.02M‬‬
‫‪ M = 40 g/mole‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٗاؽذ ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه ‪ ,‬صٌ اؽغت ٍقذاس اىزر‪ٞ‬ش اىؾبصو ف‪ ٜ‬ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ّٗ pH‬بقش اىْز‪ٞ‬غخ‬
‫ئ إَٔو اىزر‪ٞ‬ش اىز‪ٝ ٛ‬ؾصو ف‪ ٜ‬ؽغٌ اىَؾي٘ه ثؼذ اظبفخ اىقبػذح اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ػيَب ً اُ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ٗ Kb (NH3) = 1.8 10-5‬اُ ئ ‪log1.8 = 0.26 , log2 = 0.3 , log3 = 0.447‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫طدائل طحاضيـل بفـر ( ثـالث طـواد ) ( اسصار ذبه شويظ )‬

‫ط‪ / 1‬ئ ‪ / 2016‬د‪ 2‬خبسط‬
‫ىزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ‪ٝ‬ؾز٘‪ ٛ‬ػي‪ ٍِ 0.04 M ٚ‬ؽبٍط ظؼ‪ٞ‬ف ٗ ‪ٍ ٍِ 0.02 M‬يؾٔ ٍب ػذد ٍ٘الد ٕ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ‬
‫اىنبىغ‪ Ca(OH)2 ً٘ٞ‬اىالصً اظبفزٔ ىزصجؼ ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬رغبٗ‪ ٗ 9.3 ٛ‬ئ ‪ . Ka = 10-9‬ئ ‪log2 = 0.3‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪Ca(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Ca‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2OH‬‬
‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪2y‬‬
‫= ‪pKa‬‬ ‫‪log Ka‬‬ ‫‪pKa = log 10-9‬‬ ‫‪pKa = 9‬‬
‫‪9.3 = 9 +‬‬
‫‪9.3‬‬ ‫=‪9‬‬
‫= ‪0.3‬‬
‫=‪2‬‬
‫] ‪0.02 + [ OH- ] = 0.08 – 2[ OH-‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] + 2[ OH- ] = 0.08 – 0.02‬‬
‫‪3[ OH- ] = 0.06‬‬
‫= ] ‪[ OH-‬‬
‫ئ بُ اىؾغٌ ىزش ٗاؽذ ( ‪2y = [ OH- ] = 0.02 M = 0.02 mol‬‬
‫= ‪n Ca(OH)2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.01 mol‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫االطــالح‬
‫ط ‪ /‬ػذد أّ٘اع االٍالػ ؟ ػذدٕب ٍغ ٍضبه ىنو ّ٘ع ‪ .‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ ٛ‬د‬
‫ط‪/‬‬
‫‪ -1‬االٍالػ اىَزؼبدىخ ئ ٍ زقخ ٍِ ؽبٍط ق٘‪ٗ ٛ‬قبػذح ق٘‪ٝ‬خ ٍضو ٍيؼ مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ اىص٘د‪. NaCl ً٘ٝ‬‬
‫‪ -2‬االٍالػ اىؾبٍع‪ٞ‬خ ئ ٍ زقخ ٍِ ؽبٍط ق٘‪ٗ ٛ‬قبػذح ظؼ‪ٞ‬يخ ٍضو ٍيؼ مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ االٍّ٘‪. NH4Cl ً٘ٞ‬‬
‫‪ -3‬االٍالػ اىقبػذ‪ٝ‬خ ئ ٍ زقخ ٍِ قبػذح ق٘‪ٝ‬خ ٗؽبٍط ظؼ‪ٞ‬ف ٍضو ٍيؼ خالد اىص٘د‪. CH3COONa ً٘ٝ‬‬
‫ً‬
‫س ‪ /‬عزلل كال مما يأتي ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ٍ -1‬ؾبى‪ٞ‬و االٍالػ اىَ زقخ ٍِ اىؾ٘اٍط اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ٗاىق٘اػذ اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ رنُ٘ ٍؾبى‪ٞ‬و ٍزؼبدىخ ‪.‬‬
‫ئ ‪ / 2013‬د‪ / 2014 2‬د‪ / 2017 + 2‬د‪ 2‬د ‪ / 2020 +‬د‪ / 2020 + 1‬د‪ 3‬د ‪ / 2023 +‬د‪ 1‬د‬
‫ط ‪ /‬بُ ى‪ٞ‬ظ ب‪ ٍِ ٛ‬ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬برٖب اىَ٘عجخ أٗ اىغبىجخ اىقبثي‪ٞ‬خ ػي‪ ٚ‬اىزيبػو ٍغ عض‪ٝ‬ئبد اىَبء ث نو ٍيؾ٘ظ ‪.‬‬
‫ط ‪ /‬بّٔ ٍيؼ ٍ زق ٍِ ؽبٍط ق٘‪ٗ ٛ‬قبػذح ق٘‪ٝ‬خ ف‪٘ٞ‬ىذ ػْذ اراثزٔ ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء قشائِ ظؼ‪ٞ‬يخ ى‪ٞ‬ظ ىٖب اىقبثي‪ٞ‬خ ػي‪ٚ‬‬
‫اىزيبػو ٍغ عض‪ٝ‬ئبد اىَبء ‪.‬‬
‫ٍالؽظخ ‪َٝ //‬نِ ىيطبىت االعزؼبّخ ثأؽذ االٍالػ اىَزؼبدىخ ٗر٘ظ‪ٞ‬ؾٖب ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اىَؾي٘ه اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬ىَيؼ ّزشاد اىج٘ربع‪ ً٘ٞ‬رٗ صيبد ٍزؼبدىخ ‪ .‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪ 1‬خبسط‬
‫ط ‪ /‬بّٖب رزأ‪ ِٝ‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء ٗرنُ٘ قشائِ ظؼ‪ٞ‬يخ ال رزؾيو ٍبئ‪ٞ‬ب ً فزجق‪. pH = 7 ٗ 10-7 = [ OH- ] = [ H+ ] ٚ‬‬
‫جىاب اخر ئ بّٔ ٍيؼ ٍزؼبده ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ قشائِ ظؼ‪ٞ‬يخ ال رزيبػو ٍغ عض‪ٝ‬ئبد اىَبء ‪.‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪NaCl‬‬ ‫‪Na‬‬ ‫‪+ Cl-‬‬
‫قبػذح قش‪ْٝ‬خ ظؼ‪ٞ‬يخ ؽبٍط قش‪ ِٝ‬ظؼ‪ٞ‬ف‬
‫‪H2 O‬‬ ‫‪H+ + OH-‬‬
‫‪Na+‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Cl-‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪OH-‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ػْذ اراثخ مَ‪ٞ‬خ ٍِ ٍيؼ مجش‪ٝ‬زبد اىص٘د‪ NaSO4 ً٘ٝ‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء ال رزر‪ٞ‬ش ق‪َٞ‬خ اىـ ‪ . pH‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪ 2‬رنَ‪ٞ‬ي‪ ٜ‬د‬
‫ط ‪ /‬بّٔ ٍيؼ ٍ زق ٍِ ؽبٍط ق٘‪ٗ ٛ‬قبػذح ق٘‪ٝ‬خ ف‪٘ٞ‬ىذ ػْذ اراثزٔ ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء قشائِ ظؼ‪ٞ‬يخ ى‪ٞ‬ظ ىٖب اىقبثي‪ٞ‬خ ػي‪ٚ‬‬
‫اىزيبػو ٍغ عض‪ٝ‬ئبد اىَبء ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ػْذ اراثخ ٍيؼ مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ NaCl ً٘ٝ‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء ال رزر‪ٞ‬ش ق‪َٞ‬خ اىـ ‪ . pH‬ئ ‪ / 2021‬د‪ 1‬د‬
‫‪ -5‬رنُ٘ ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬ىيَؾي٘ه اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬ىـ ‪ NaCl‬رغبٗ‪ ٛ‬ئ ‪ . 7‬ئ ‪ / 2023‬د‪1‬‬
‫ط ‪ /‬الُ ٕزا اىْ٘ع ٍِ االٍالػ ‪ٝ‬ؼط‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾبى‪ٞ‬و ٍزؼبدىخ ٗرىل بّٔ ى‪ٞ‬ظ ب‪ّ٘ٝ‬برٔ اىَ٘عجخ ٗال اىغبىجخ اىقبثي‪ٞ‬خ ػي‪ٚ‬‬
‫اىزيبػو ث نو ٍيؾ٘ظ ٍغ عض‪ٝ‬ئبد اىَبء ٗعؼو االرضاُ اىَ٘ع٘د ث‪ ِٞ‬ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ‪ٝ H+ ٗ OH-‬عطشة ٗثبىزبى‪ٜ‬‬
‫رجق‪. pH , pOH = 7 ٚ‬‬
‫ط ‪ /‬الُ ى‪ٞ‬ظ ب‪ّ٘ٝ‬برٖب اىغبىجخ اٗ اىَ٘عجخ اىقبثي‪ٞ‬خ ػي‪ ٚ‬اىزيبػو ٍغ اىَبء ث نو ٍيؾ٘ظ ‪.‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫‪ٍ -6‬ؾبى‪ٞ‬و االٍالػ اىَ زقخ ٍِ اىق٘اػذ اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ٗاىؾ٘اٍط اىعؼ‪ٞ‬يخ رؼذ ٍؾبى‪ٞ‬و قبػذ‪ٝ‬خ دائَب ً ‪.‬‬
‫ئ ‪ / 2013‬د‪ / 2014 + 1‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ / 2015 ٛ‬د‪ / 2015 + 1‬د‪ / 2015 + 3‬خبسط ‪ / 2017 +‬د‪ 1‬د ‪2017 +‬‬
‫‪ /‬د‪ 3‬د ‪ / 2019 +‬د‪ / 2020 + 1‬د‪ 1‬د ‪ / 2020 +‬د‪ 2023 + 2‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ ٛ‬د ‪ / 2023 +‬د‪ 3‬د‬
‫‪ -7‬اىَؾي٘ه اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬ىخالد اىج٘ربع‪ CH3COOK ً٘ٞ‬رٗ رأص‪ٞ‬ش قبػذ‪ ٛ‬ػي‪ ٚ‬اىذالئو ‪ .‬ئ ‪ / 2022‬د‪ 2‬د‬
‫ط ‪ /‬ثغجت قبثي‪ٞ‬خ اال‪ ُ٘ٝ‬اىغبىت ىيَيؼ ئ اىؼبئذ ىيؾبٍط اىعؼ‪ٞ‬ف ػي‪ ٚ‬اىزيبػو ٍغ ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ‪ H+‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء ىزن٘‪ِٝ‬‬
‫اىؾبٍط اىعؼ‪ٞ‬ف ٗثبىزبى‪ ٜ‬رقو ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ‪ٗ H+‬رضداد ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ‪ٝٗ OH-‬صجؼ اىَؾي٘ه قبػذ‪. ٛ‬‬
‫ٍالؽظخ ‪َٝ //‬نِ ىيطبىت االعزؼبّخ ثأؽذ االٍالػ اىقبػذ‪ٝ‬خ ٗر٘ظ‪ٞ‬ؾٖب ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -8‬ػْذ اراثخ االٍالػ اىَ زقخ ٍِ ؽ٘اٍط ق٘‪ٝ‬خ ٗق٘اػذ ظؼ‪ٞ‬يخ ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ اىْبرظ را صيبد ؽبٍع‪ٞ‬خ ‪.‬‬
‫ئ ‪ / 2014‬د‪1‬‬
‫ط ‪ /‬ػْذ رٗثبُ ٕزا اىْ٘ع ٍِ االٍالػ ‪ٝ‬ؼط‪ ٜ‬ؽبٍط قش‪ ِٝ‬ىيقبػذح اىعؼ‪ٞ‬يخ ٗاىز‪ٝ ٛ‬نُ٘ ق٘‪ ٛ‬ف‪ٞ‬زيبػو ٍغ ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد‬
‫] ‪ [ OH-‬ؽ‪ٞ‬ش ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ اىقبػذح اىعؼ‪ٞ‬يخ ٍَب ‪ٝ‬ؤد‪ ٛ‬اى‪ ٚ‬رن٘‪ ِٝ‬ص‪ٝ‬بدح ف‪ ٜ‬مَ‪ٞ‬خ ] ‪ [ H+‬ف‪ٞ‬صجؼ اىَؾي٘ه را‬
‫صيبد ؽبٍع‪ٞ‬خ ؽغت اىَضبه االر‪-: ٜ‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪NH4Cl‬‬ ‫‪NH4‬‬ ‫‪+ Cl-‬‬
‫‪H2O‬‬ ‫‪OH- + H+‬‬
‫‪NH3‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫أٗ ‪ /‬ثغجت قبثي‪ٞ‬خ اال‪ ُ٘ٝ‬اىَ٘عت ىيَيؼ ػي‪ ٚ‬اىزيبػو ٍغ ا‪ ُ٘ٝ‬اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىغبىت] ‪ٗ [ OH‬ثبىزبى‪ٝ ٜ‬ضداد رأ‪ِٝ‬‬
‫اىَبء ىزؼ٘‪ٝ‬ط اىْقص ٗثزىل ‪ٝ‬ضداد رشم‪ٞ‬ض ا‪ ُ٘ٝ‬اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ ِٞ‬اىَ٘عت ] ‪ٝٗ [ H+‬صجؼ اىَؾي٘ه ؽبٍع‪. ٜ‬‬
‫ٍالؽظخ ‪ /‬ارا رمش اىطبىت ا‪ٍ ٛ‬ضبه اخش ػِ اّ٘اع االٍالػ ‪ٝ‬ؼط‪ ٚ‬دسعخ مبٍيخ ارا مبُ صؾ‪ٞ‬ؾب ً ‪.‬‬
‫الفراغات واالختيايات‬
‫‪ -1‬ػْذ اراثخ ٍيؼ مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ االٍّ٘‪ NH4Cl ً٘ٞ‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ اىَؾي٘ه اىْبرظ را صيخ ؽبٍع‪ٞ‬خ ‪ .‬ئ ‪ / 2014‬خبص‬
‫‪ -2‬اُ ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬ىيَؾي٘ه اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬ىْزشاد اىص٘د‪ ً٘ٝ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ . 0.1 M‬ئ ‪ 7 , 13 , 1‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬
‫ط ‪ /‬ئ ‪ / 7‬بّٔ ٍيؼ ٍزؼبده ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 0.5 -3‬ىزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ّزشاد اىج٘ربع‪ KNO3 ً٘ٞ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.1 M‬فبُ ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬اىَؾي٘ه ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪. 7 ٛ‬‬
‫ط ‪ /‬ئ ‪ / 7‬بّٔ ٍيؼ ٍزؼبده ‪ .‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪ 2‬خبسط‬
‫‪ -4‬ىزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ‪ NaNO3‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.05 M‬فبُ ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬ىٔ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪ . 7 ٛ‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪ٍ٘ 2‬صو د‬
‫ط ‪ /‬ئ ‪ / 7‬بّٔ ٍيؼ ٍزؼبده ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ىزش ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ّزشاد االٍّ٘‪ٝ pH , NH4NO3 ً٘ٞ‬غبٗ‪ ٛ‬ئ ‪ 4‬فأُ ] ‪ [ H+‬ىٔ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪. 10-4 M ٛ‬‬
‫ئ ‪ / 2018‬د‪1‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 10-pH‬‬ ‫‪[ H+ ] = 10-4 M‬‬
‫‪Kb (NH3) = 2‬‬ ‫‪ 5‬ارا ػيَذ اُ ‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪ -6‬اُ ق‪َٞ‬خ صبثذ اىزؾيو اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬ىَيؼ ّزشاد االٍّ٘‪ ً٘ٞ‬رغبٗ‪10-10 ٛ‬‬
‫ئ ‪ / 2013‬خبسط‬
‫= ‪Kh‬‬ ‫= ‪Kh‬‬ ‫‪Kh = 5‬‬ ‫‪10-10‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫‪Kb (NH3) = 1.8‬‬ ‫‪ 0.55‬ارا ػيَذ اُ ‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪ -7‬ق‪َٞ‬خ صبثذ اىزؾيو اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬ىَيؼ مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ االٍّ٘‪ٝ ً٘ٞ‬غبٗ‪10-9 ٛ‬‬
‫ئ ‪ / 2019‬د‪3‬‬
‫= ‪Kh‬‬ ‫= ‪Kh‬‬ ‫‪Kh = 0.55‬‬ ‫‪10-9‬‬
‫‪ pH -8‬ىَيؼ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪ ٛ‬ئ ‪ٗ 5‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ئ ‪ 0.1 M‬فأُ ‪ Kb‬ىٔ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪ . 10-5 ٛ‬ئ ‪ / 2018‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬
‫ط‪/‬‬
‫الطريق الثاني ‪/‬‬ ‫الطريق األوىل ‪/‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-pH‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬
‫] ‪pH = [ pKw – pKb – log C‬‬ ‫‪[ H ] = 10‬‬ ‫‪= 10 M‬‬
‫] ‪5 = [ 14 – pKb – log 10-1‬‬ ‫√‬
‫] ‪5 = [ 14 – pKb + 1‬‬
‫] ‪5 = [ 15 – pKb‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ىيطشف‪ِٞ‬‬ ‫√‬ ‫ثبىزشث‪ٞ‬غ ىيطشف‪ِٞ‬‬

‫‪10 = 15 – pKb‬‬
‫‪pKb = 15 – 10‬‬
‫‪pKb = 5‬‬ ‫= ‪10-10‬‬
‫‪Kb = 10-pKb‬‬
‫= ‪Kb‬‬
‫‪Kb = 10-5‬‬
‫‪Kb = 1‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪Kb = 1‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫ط‪ / 1‬ئ ‪ / 2014‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬

‫اؽغت ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pOH‬ىَؾي٘ه ّزشاد ابٍّ٘‪ NH4Cl ً٘ٞ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.5 M‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪ pKb = 4.74‬ئ ‪log5 = 0.7‬‬
‫] ‪pH = [ pK – pK – logC‬‬ ‫‪log C = log 0.5‬‬
‫‪w‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬
‫‪log C = 5‬‬ ‫‪10-1‬‬
‫] ) ‪pH = [ 14 – 4.74 – ( 0.3‬‬ ‫) ‪log C = ( log 5 + log 10-1‬‬
‫) ‪log C = ( 0.7 – 1‬‬
‫] ‪pH = [ 9.26 + 0.3‬‬
‫‪log C = 0.3 M‬‬
‫] ‪pH = [ 9.56‬‬ ‫‪pH = 4.78‬‬
‫‪pOH + pH = 14‬‬
‫‪pOH = 14 – pH‬‬
‫‪pOH = 14 – 4.78 = 9.22‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 2‬ئ ‪ / 2019‬د‪2‬‬
‫اؽغت ‪ pH‬ىَؾي٘ه ّزشاد االٍّ٘‪ NH4NO3 ً٘ٞ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٗ 0.5 M‬اُ ‪pKb(NH3) = 5‬‬
‫ػيَب ً اُ ئ ‪√ = 2.2 , log2.2 = 0.34 , log0.5 = 0.3‬‬
‫‪log C = log 0.5‬‬ ‫‪Kb = 10-PKb‬‬
‫‪log C = 0.3 M‬‬ ‫‪Kb = 10-5‬‬
‫] ‪pH = [ pKw – pKb – logC‬‬

‫√‬
‫] ) ‪pH = [ 14 – 5 – ( 0.3‬‬
‫√‬
‫] ‪pH = [ 9 + 0.3‬‬
‫] ‪pH = [ 9.3‬‬ ‫√‬
‫‪pH = 4.65‬‬ ‫√‬

‫‪M‬‬
‫= ‪pH‬‬ ‫‪log H+‬‬
‫= ‪pH‬‬ ‫‪log 2.2‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫= ‪pH‬‬ ‫) ‪( log 2.2 10-5‬‬
‫= ‪pH‬‬ ‫‪( 0.34 – 5 ) = 4.66‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 3‬ئ ‪ / 2016‬د‪ 1‬خبسط‬
‫ٍب ق‪َٞ‬خ صبثذ اىزؾيو اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬ىَيؼ خالد اىص٘د‪ CH3COONa ً٘ٝ‬ارا ػيَذ ‪ ٍْٔ 1L‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٝ 0.2 M‬ؾز٘‪ٛ‬‬
‫ػي‪ ٚ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ض ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ‪ٝ H+‬غبٗ‪. 1 10-9 M ٛ‬‬
‫الطريق األوىل ‪/‬‬
‫√‬
‫√‬ ‫ثبىزشث‪ٞ‬غ ىيطشف‪ِٞ‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫= ‪10-18‬‬
‫= ‪Ka‬‬
‫‪Ka = 2‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫= ‪Kh‬‬ ‫= ‪Kh‬‬ ‫‪Kh = 0.5‬‬ ‫‪10-9‬‬
‫الطريق الثاني ‪ /‬وضصن يجب ان يططي‪ log‬ططضوم سي اضدؤال ‪.‬‬

‫= ‪pH‬‬ ‫‪log H+‬‬ ‫= ‪pH‬‬ ‫‪log 10-9 = 9‬‬
‫‪log C = log 0.2‬‬
‫‪log C = 2‬‬ ‫‪10-1‬‬ ‫) ‪log C = ( log 2 + log 10-1‬‬ ‫‪( 0.3 – 1 ) = 0.7 M‬‬
‫] ‪pH = [ pKw + pKa + logC‬‬
‫] ) ‪9 = [ 14 + pKa + ( 0.7‬‬
‫‪9 = [ 14‬‬ ‫] ‪pKa – 0.7‬‬ ‫) ّعشة اىطشف‪ ِٞ‬ف‪( 2 ٜ‬‬
‫‪18 = [ 14‬‬ ‫] ‪pKa – 0.7‬‬

‫‪18 = [ 13.3‬‬ ‫] ‪pKa‬‬
‫‪pKa = 18 – 13.3‬‬
‫‪pKa = 4.7‬‬
‫‪Ka = 10-pKa‬‬ ‫‪Ka = 10-4.7‬‬ ‫‪10+5‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪Ka = 100.3‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪Ka = 2‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫= ‪Kh‬‬ ‫= ‪Kh‬‬ ‫‪Kh = 0.5‬‬ ‫‪10-9‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 4‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪ 1‬خبسط‬
‫ٍب ق‪َٞ‬خ صبثذ اىزؾيو اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬ىَيؼ ارا ػيَذ اُ رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ٗ 0.1 M‬ق‪َٞ‬خ ‪ pOH‬ىٔ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪9 ٛ‬‬
‫‪pOH + pH = 14‬‬ ‫‪pOH + pH = 14‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬ ‫‪pH = 14 – pOH‬‬
‫‪pH = 14 – 9‬‬ ‫‪pH = 14 – 9‬‬
‫‪pH = 5‬‬ ‫‪pH = 5‬‬
‫‪log C = log 0.1‬‬ ‫‪[ H+ ] = 10-pH = 10-5 M‬‬
‫‪log C = 1‬‬ ‫‪10-1‬‬
‫) ‪log C = ( log 1 + log 10-1‬‬ ‫√‬
‫) ‪log C = ( 0 – 1‬‬
‫‪log C = 1 M‬‬ ‫√‬ ‫ثبىزشث‪ٞ‬غ ىيطشف‪ِٞ‬‬
‫] ‪pH = [ pKw – pKb – logC‬‬ ‫= ‪10-10‬‬
‫] ) ‪5 = [ 14 – pKb – ( 1‬‬
‫= ‪Kb‬‬
‫‪5 = [ 14‬‬ ‫) ّعشة اىطشف‪ ِٞ‬ف‪pKb + 1 ] ( 2 ٜ‬‬ ‫‪Kb = 1‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪10 = [ 14‬‬ ‫] ‪pKb + 1‬‬ ‫= ‪Kh‬‬
‫‪10 = [ 15‬‬ ‫] ‪pKb‬‬
‫‪pKb = 15 – 10‬‬ ‫= ‪Kh‬‬
‫‪pKb = 5‬‬ ‫‪Kh = 1‬‬ ‫‪10-9‬‬

‫‪Kb = 10-pKb‬‬
‫‪Kb = 10-5‬‬
‫= ‪Kh‬‬
‫= ‪Kh‬‬
‫‪Kh = 1‬‬ ‫‪10-9‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫طدائل اضذوباظيـظ ( اضتطبيق اضطباذر ‪ /‬اضذوباظيظ سي اضطحضول اضطائي اضطذبع سي اضطاء اضظقي )‬
‫ط‪ / 1‬ئ ‪ / 2015‬د‪2‬‬
‫ارا ػيَذ اُ ىزشاً ٗاؽذاً ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ٍبئ‪ ٍ ٜ‬جغ ‪ٝ‬ؾ٘‪ٍ ٍِ 0.0025g ٛ‬يؼ ‪ BaSO4‬اىزائت ئ‪M = 233 g/mol‬‬
‫اؽغت ‪ KSP‬ىٔ ‪.‬‬
‫= )‪S(mol/L‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.11‬‬ ‫‪10-4 M = 1.1‬‬ ‫‪10-5 M‬‬

‫)‪BaSO4(S‬‬ ‫)‪Ba+2(aq‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪SO4-2(aq‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪KSP = S2‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ 1.1 10-5 ]2‬‬
‫‪KSP = 1.21 10-10‬‬
‫ط‪ / 2‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪ 1‬د‬
‫اؽغت اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىَيؼ مجش‪ٝ‬زبد اىشصبص ‪ , PbSO4‬ػيَب ً اُ صبثذ ؽبصو االراثخ ‪KSP = 1.6 10‬‬
‫‪-8‬‬
‫√‪.‬‬ ‫ٗ ‪= 1.26‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫)‪PbSO4(S‬‬ ‫)‪Pb (aq) + SO4 (aq‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Pb ] [ SO4‬‬
‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫‪10-8 = S2‬‬ ‫الطزفين√‬
‫‪S = 1.26‬‬ ‫‪10-4 M‬‬
‫ط‪ / 3‬ئ ‪ / 2013‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ / 2023 + ٛ‬د‪ 2‬د‬
‫اؽغت اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ٗاىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ثذالىخ ئ ‪ g/L‬ىَيؼ مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ اىيعخ ‪ AgCl‬ئ ‪ M = 143.5 g/mole‬ف‪ٜ‬‬
‫√ ‪.‬‬ ‫ٍؾي٘ىٔ ػْذ ؽبىخ االرضاُ ارا ػيَذ اُ ‪ KSP ( AgCl ) = 1.8 10-10‬ئ اعزيذ ‪= 1.34 /‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫)‪AgCl(S‬‬ ‫‪Ag‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪Cl (aq‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ag+ ] [ Cl-‬‬
‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-10 = S2‬‬ ‫الطزفين√‬
‫‪S = 1.34‬‬ ‫‪10-5 M‬‬

‫)‪S(g/L) = S(mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪M(g/mol‬‬
‫‪S(g/L) = 1.34‬‬ ‫)‪10-5 (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪143.5 (g/mol‬‬
‫‪S(g/L) = 192.29‬‬ ‫‪10-5 g/L‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 4‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪ٍ٘ 1‬صو د‬
‫ٍب ػذد غشاٍبد ٍيؼ مشٍٗبد اىيعخ ‪ Ag2CrO4‬ئ ‪ M = 332 g/mol‬اىز‪َٝ ٜ‬نِ اُ رزٗة ف‪ٍِ 100 mL ٜ‬‬
‫√ ‪.‬‬ ‫اىَبء اىَقطش ػيَب ً اُ ‪ KSP = 1.1 10-12‬ئ ‪= 6.5‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫)‪Ag2CrO4(S‬‬ ‫‪2Ag‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪CrO4‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬
‫‪2S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ag+ ]2 [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫) ‪10-12 = ( 2S )2 ( S‬‬
‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫‪10-12 = 4S3‬‬
‫= ‪S3‬‬
‫‪S3 = 0.275‬‬ ‫‪10-12‬‬
‫‪S3 = 275‬‬ ‫‪10-15‬‬ ‫للطزفين √‬
‫‪S = 6.5‬‬ ‫‪10-5 M‬‬
‫= )‪V(L‬‬ ‫‪= 0.1 L‬‬
‫)‪m = S(mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪M(g/mol) V(L‬‬

‫‪m = 6.5‬‬ ‫)‪10-5 (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪332 (g/mol‬‬ ‫)‪0.1 (L‬‬
‫‪m = 65‬‬ ‫‪332‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪10-7‬‬
‫‪m = 21580‬‬ ‫‪10-7 g‬‬
‫ط‪ / 5‬ئ ‪ / 2014‬د‪ / 2015 + 1‬د‪ / 2016 + 3‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ / 2019 + ٛ‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬
‫اؽغت اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ئ ‪ٗ mol/L‬اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ثذالىخ ئ ‪ g/L‬ىَؾي٘ه ٕ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىخبسص‪Zn(OH)2 ِٞ‬‬
‫ئ ‪ M = 99.4 g/mol‬ػْذ ؽبىخ االرضاُ ارا ػيَذ اُ ‪ ٗ KSP Zn(OH)2 = 1.2 10-17‬ئ ‪. √ = 1.44‬‬
‫)‪Zn(OH)2(S‬‬ ‫)‪Zn+2(aq) + 2OH-(aq‬‬ ‫اجلىاب ‪/‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2S‬‬
‫)‪S(g/L) = S(mol/L) M(g/mol‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Zn+2 ] [ OH- ]2‬‬
‫‪1.2 10-17 = ( S ) ( 2S )2‬‬ ‫)‪S(g/L) = 1.44 10-6 (mol/L) 99.4 (g/mol‬‬
‫‪1.2 10-17 = 4S3‬‬
‫‪S(g/L) = 143.136 10-6 g/L‬‬
‫= ‪S3‬‬
‫‪S3 = 0.3‬‬ ‫‪10-17‬‬
‫‪S3 = 3‬‬ ‫‪10-18‬‬ ‫للطزفين √‬
‫‪S = 1.44‬‬ ‫‪10-6 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 6‬ئ ‪ / 2022‬د‪ 1‬د‬
‫‪-13‬‬
‫‪KSP = 2.4‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫ٍب اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىَيؼ ‪٘ٝ‬داد اىشصبص ‪ Pb(IO3)2‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء اىْق‪ ٜ‬؟ ارا ػيَذ اُ‬
‫√‪.‬‬ ‫ٗ ‪= 4.3‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪Pb(IO3)2‬‬ ‫‪Pb‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2IO3‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Pb+2 ] [ IO3-‬‬
‫‪2.4‬‬ ‫‪10-13 = ( S ) ( 2S )2‬‬
‫‪4S3 = 2.4‬‬ ‫‪10-13‬‬
‫= ‪S3‬‬
‫= ‪S3‬‬
‫‪S3 = 6‬‬ ‫‪10-14‬‬
‫‪S3 = 60‬‬ ‫‪10-15‬‬ ‫الطزفين√‬
‫‪S = 4.3‬‬ ‫‪10-5 M‬‬
‫طدائل اضذوباظيـظ ( حداب اضذوباظيظ طن خالل شيطظ االس اضكيدروجيظي ‪) pH‬‬

‫ط‪ / 1‬ئ ‪ / 2013‬د‪ 2‬اىزنَ‪ٞ‬ي‪ٜ‬‬
‫‪ KSP = 1.8‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾ٘ه ٍبئ‪ ٜ‬صجزذ ؽَ٘ظزٔ ػْذ ‪. pH = 11‬‬ ‫اؽغت اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ ٔٝ‬ىـ ‪10-11 Mg(OH)2‬‬
‫‪pOH = 14 – pH‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 14 – 11 = 3‬‬

‫‪[ OH- ] = 10-pOH‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ] = 10-3 M‬‬
‫)‪Mg(OH)2(S‬‬ ‫)‪Mg+2(aq‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪2OH-(aq‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Mg+2 ] [ OH- ]2‬‬
‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-11 = ( S ) ( 10-3 )2‬‬
‫=‪S‬‬
‫‪S = 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-5 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 2‬ئ ‪ / 2023‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬
‫‪-11‬‬
‫‪ KSP = 1.8‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾ٘ه ٍبئ‪ ٜ‬صجزذ‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫اؽغت اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ ٔٝ‬ىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىَرْ‪ٞ‬غ‪Mg(OH)2 ً٘ٞ‬‬
‫ؽبٍع‪ٞ‬زٔ ئ دسعخ اىؾَ٘ظخ ػْذ ‪. pH = 9‬‬
‫‪pOH = 14 – pH‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 14 – 9 = 5‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 10-pOH‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ] = 10-5 M‬‬
‫)‪Mg(OH)2(S‬‬ ‫)‪Mg+2(aq‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪2OH-(aq‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Mg+2 ] [ OH- ]2‬‬
‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-11 = ( S ) ( 10-5 )2‬‬
‫=‪S‬‬
‫‪S = 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-1 M‬‬

‫ط‪ / 3‬ئ ‪ / 2013‬د‪2‬‬
‫ئ ة ‪pH = 9‬‬ ‫اؽغت رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ٕ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىخبسص‪ ِٞ‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه صجزذ ؽبٍع‪ٞ‬زٔ ػْذ ‪ :‬ئ أ ‪pH = 6‬‬
‫ارا ػيَذ اُ ‪ KSP [ Zn(OH)2 ] = 1.2 10-17‬صٌ ّبقش اىؼجبسح ‪.‬‬
‫ػْذ ‪pH = 9‬‬ ‫ػْذ ‪pH = 6‬‬ ‫اجلىاب ‪/‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 10-pH‬‬ ‫‪[ H+ ] = 10-9 M‬‬
‫‪pOH = 14 – pH‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 14 – 6 = 8‬‬
‫= ] ‪[ OH-‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ] = 10-pOH‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ] = 10-8M‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫)‪Zn(OH)2(S‬‬ ‫)‪Zn+2(aq) + 2OH-(aq‬‬
‫= ] ‪[ OH‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪10-8‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Zn+2 ] [ OH- ]2‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 1‬‬ ‫‪10-5 M‬‬ ‫‪1.2 10-17 = ( S ) ( 10-8 )2‬‬
‫)‪Zn(OH)2(S‬‬ ‫)‪Zn+2(aq‬‬ ‫)‪+ 2OH-(aq‬‬ ‫=‪S‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪- 2‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Zn ] [ OH‬‬ ‫‪S = 1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-1 M‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-17 = ( S ) ( 10-5 )2‬‬
‫=‪S‬‬
‫‪S = 1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-7 M‬‬
‫قبثي‪ٞ‬خ اىزٗثبُ رؼزَذ ػي‪ ٚ‬ئ ‪ pH‬اىَؾي٘ه ث نو مج‪ٞ‬ش ‪.‬‬

‫اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ػْذ ئ ‪ pH = 6‬امجش ٍِ اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ػْذ ئ ‪ pH = 9‬ئ ‪ٝ‬ؼْ‪ ٜ‬اُ اىؼالقخ ػنغ‪ٞ‬خ ‪.‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 4‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪ 1‬خبسط‬

‫اؽغت رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ٕ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىخبسص‪ Zn(OH)2 ِٞ‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه داىزٔ اىؾبٍع‪ٞ‬خ ‪:‬‬
‫ئ ‪log2 = 0.3‬‬ ‫ئ أ ‪ pH = 8‬ئ ة ‪ pH = 11.7‬ارا ػيَذ اُ ‪KSP [ Zn(OH)2 ] = 1.2 10-17‬‬
‫ػْذ ‪pH = 11.7‬‬ ‫ػْذ ‪pH = 8‬‬ ‫اجلىاب ‪/‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 10-pH‬‬
‫‪pOH = 14 – pH‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 14 – 8 = 6‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 10-11.7‬‬ ‫‪10+12‬‬ ‫‪10-12‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪-12‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 10-pOH‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ] = 10-6 M‬‬
‫‪[ H ] = 10‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-12‬‬
‫)‪Zn(OH)2(S‬‬ ‫)‪Zn+2(aq) + 2OH-(aq‬‬
‫‪[H ]=2‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪10-6‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Zn+2 ] [ OH- ]2‬‬
‫= ] ‪[ OH-‬‬ ‫‪1.2 10-17 = ( S ) ( 10-6 )2‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫=‪S‬‬
‫= ] ‪[ OH‬‬
‫‪S = 1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-5 M‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 0.5‬‬ ‫‪10-2 = 5‬‬ ‫‪10-3 M‬‬ ‫قبثي‪ٞ‬خ اىزٗثبُ رؼزَذ ػي‪ pH ٚ‬اىَؾي٘ه ث نو مج‪ٞ‬ش ‪.‬‬
‫)‪Zn(OH)2(S‬‬ ‫)‪Zn+2(aq‬‬ ‫)‪+ 2OH-(aq‬‬ ‫امجش ٍِ اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ػْذ‬ ‫اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ػْذ ئ ‪pH = 8‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪5 10-3‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪- 2‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Zn ] [ OH‬‬ ‫ئ ‪ pH = 11.7‬ئ ‪ٝ‬ؼْ‪ ٜ‬اُ اىؼالقخ ػنغ‪ٞ‬خ ‪.‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-17 = ( S ) ( 5‬‬ ‫‪10-3 )2‬‬
‫=‪S‬‬ ‫‪= 0.48‬‬ ‫‪10-12 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 5‬ئ ‪ / 2022‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬
‫اؽغت اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىَرْ‪ٞ‬غ‪ Mg(OH)2 ً٘ٞ‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ٍبئ‪ ٜ‬صجذ دسعخ ؽبٍع‪ٞ‬زٔ ػْذ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ pH = 10 2‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪ , KSP Mg(OH)2 = 1.8 10-11‬صٌ ّبقش اىْزبئظ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪pH = 8 1‬‬
‫ػْذ ‪ pH‬رغبٗ‪8 ٛ‬‬ ‫ػْذ ‪ pH‬رغبٗ‪10 ٛ‬‬
‫‪pOH = 14 – pH‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 14 – pH‬‬
‫‪pOH = 14 – 8 = 6‬‬ ‫‪pOH = 14 – 10 = 4‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 10-pOH = 10-6 M‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ] = 10-pOH = 10-4 M‬‬
‫‪Mg(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Mg+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2OH-‬‬ ‫‪Mg(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Mg+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2OH-‬‬
‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪10-6‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪10-4‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Mg+2 ] [ OH- ]2‬‬ ‫‪KSP = [ Mg+2 ] [ OH- ]2‬‬
‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-11 = [ y ] ( 10-6 )2‬‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-11 = [ y ] ( 10-4 )2‬‬
‫=]‪[y‬‬ ‫=]‪[y‬‬
‫‪[ y ] = 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10+1 M = 18 M‬‬ ‫‪[ y ] = 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-3 M‬‬

‫اىَْبق خ ‪ّ -:‬الؽع اُ ق‪َٞ‬خ اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اّخيعذ ػْذ ص‪ٝ‬بدح ‪ pH‬الّٔ اصداد رشم‪ٞ‬ض ] ‪ٍَ [ OH-‬ب ‪ٝ‬ؤد‪ ٛ‬اى‪ ٚ‬رشع‪ٞ‬ؼ‬
‫اىزيبػو اىخيي‪ ٜ‬ؽغت قبػذح ى٘شبري‪. ٔٞ‬‬
‫ط‪ / 6‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪ 2‬د‬

‫اؽغت رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ٕ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىخبسص‪ ِٞ‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه صجزذ ؽبٍع‪ٞ‬زٔ ‪ pH = 6‬ارا ػيَذ اُ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىـ ‪Zn(OH)2‬‬
‫ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ىٔ اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬اىَ ‪ٞ‬غ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪. 1.44 10-6 M ٛ‬‬
‫)‪Zn(OH)2(S‬‬ ‫)‪Zn+2(aq) + 2OH-(aq‬‬ ‫ػْذ ‪pH = 6‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2S‬‬ ‫‪[ H+ ] = 10-pH‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-6‬‬
‫‪[ H ] = 10 M‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪- 2‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Zn ] [ OH‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( S ) ( 2S )2‬‬ ‫= ] ‪[ OH-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=1‬‬ ‫‪10-8 M‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( 4S )3‬‬ ‫‪Zn(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Zn+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2OH-‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( 1.44 10-6 )3‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪10-4‬‬
‫‪KSP = 11.94 10-18‬‬ ‫‪KSP = [ Zn+2 ] [ OH- ]2‬‬
‫‪KSP = 1.2 10-17‬‬ ‫‪1.2 10-17 = ( S ) ( 10-8 )2‬‬
‫=‪S‬‬ ‫‪= 1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-1 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 7‬ئ ‪ / 2023‬د‪3‬‬
‫اؽغت اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىخبسص‪ Zn(OH)2 ِٞ‬ئ ‪KSP = 1.2 10-17‬‬
‫أٗالً ‪ :‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء اىْق‪ . ٜ‬صبّ‪ٞ‬ب ً ‪ :‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه صجزذ ؽبٍع‪ٞ‬زٔ ػْذ ‪ . pH = 6‬ئ ‪. √ = 1.44‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫)‪Zn(OH)2(S‬‬ ‫‪Zn‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫)‪+ 2OH (aq‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2S‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Zn+2 ] [ OH- ]2‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-17 = ( S ) ( 2S )2‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-17 = 4S3‬‬
‫= ‪S3‬‬
‫= ‪S3‬‬
‫‪S3 = 3‬‬ ‫‪10-18‬‬ ‫بجذر الطزفين√‬
‫‪S = 1.44‬‬ ‫‪10-6 M‬‬

‫ئ اىطش‪ٝ‬قخ اىضبّ‪ٞ‬خ‬ ‫ػْذ ئ ‪pH = 9‬‬ ‫ئ اىطش‪ٝ‬قخ االٗى‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ػْذ ئ ‪pH = 9‬‬
‫‪pH + pOH = 14‬‬ ‫‪[ H+ ] = 10-pH‬‬
‫‪pOH = 14 – pH‬‬ ‫‪[ H+ ] = 10-9 M‬‬
‫‪pOH = 14 – 9 = 5‬‬
‫= ] ‪[ OH-‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 10-pOH‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 10-9 M‬‬ ‫= ] ‪[ OH-‬‬ ‫‪=1‬‬ ‫‪10-5 M‬‬
‫‪Zn(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Zn+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2OH-‬‬
‫‪Zn(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Zn+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2OH-‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Zn+2 ] [ OH- ]2‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Zn+2 ] [ OH- ]2‬‬
‫‪-17‬‬ ‫‪-5 2‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫) ‪= ( S ) ( 10‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-17 = ( S ) ( 10-5 )2‬‬
‫=‪S‬‬ ‫‪= 1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-7 M‬‬
‫=‪S‬‬ ‫‪= 1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-7 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫طدائل اضذوباظيـظ ( تأثير االيون اضطذترك )‬

‫ط‪ / 1‬ئ ‪ / 2019‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ ٛ‬د‬
‫‪-10‬‬
‫‪ 1.2‬اؽغت رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬زٔ ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫ق‪َٞ‬خ صبثذ ؽبصو االراثخ ىَيؼ مشٍٗبد اىجبس‪ BaCrO4 ً٘ٝ‬رغبٗ‪M ٛ‬‬
‫ئ ‪ 0.01 M‬مشٍٗبد اىج٘ربع‪. K2CrO4 ً٘ٞ‬‬
‫‪BaCrO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫‪K2CrO4‬‬ ‫‪2K+ +‬‬ ‫‪CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫) ‪10-10 = ( y ) ( y + 0.01‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y = 1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-8 M‬‬
‫ط‪ / 2‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬

‫ٍب رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ٍيؼ مشٍٗبد اىجبس‪ BaCrO4 ً٘ٝ‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ ف‪ ٔٞ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ض مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ اىجبس‪ٝ BaCl2 ً٘ٝ‬غبٗ‪ 0.1M ٛ‬؟‬
‫ارا ػيَذ اُ ‪. KSP (BaSO4) = 1.2 10-10‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪BaCrO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪CrO4‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫‪BaCl2‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+ 2Cl-‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.1‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫) ‪10-10 = ( S + 0.1 ) ( S‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y = 1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-9 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 3‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ ٛ‬د‬
‫ٍب اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىَيؼ مجش‪ٝ‬زبد اىشصبص ‪ PbSO4‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ‪ ٍِ 0.2M‬مجش‪ٝ‬زبد اىج٘ربع‪ K2SO4 ً٘ٞ‬ػيَب ً‬
‫اُ ‪. KSP (PbSO4) = 1.6 10-8‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪PbSO4‬‬ ‫‪Pb‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4‬‬
‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫‪K2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2K+ +‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬
‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.2‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫) ‪10-8 = ( y ) ( y + 0.2‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪y=8‬‬ ‫‪10-8 M‬‬
‫ط‪ / 4‬ئ ‪ / 2016‬د‪ / 2020 + 3‬د‪3‬‬

‫‪-5‬‬
‫ارا ػيَذ اُ رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ٍيؼ مشٍٗبد اىجبس‪ BaCrO4 ً٘ٝ‬رغبٗ‪ٍ٘ 1.1 10 ٛ‬الس‪ ٛ‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ىٖب اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬اىَ جغ‬
‫اؽغت رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬زٖب ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ ف‪ ٔٞ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ض مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ اىجبس‪ٝ BaCl2 ً٘ٝ‬غبٗ‪ٍ٘ 0.1 ٛ‬الس‪. ٛ‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪BaCrO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba‬‬ ‫‪+ CrO4‬‬
‫‪-5‬‬
‫‪1.1 10‬‬ ‫‪1.1 10-5‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪KSP = S2‬‬ ‫‪KSP = ( 1.1‬‬ ‫‪10-5 )2‬‬ ‫‪KSP = 1.21‬‬ ‫‪10-10‬‬
‫‪BaCrO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫‪BaCl2‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+ 2Cl-‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.1‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.21‬‬ ‫) ‪10-10 = ( y + 0.1 ) ( y‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y = 1.21‬‬ ‫‪10-9 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 5‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪ٍ٘ 1‬صو ‪ / 2020 +‬د‪3‬‬
‫ارا ػيَذ اُ اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىَيؼ مشٍٗبد اىجبس‪ BaCrO4 ً٘ٝ‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَؾي٘ه اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬اىَ جغ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪ٛ‬‬
‫‪ٍ 1.2 10-5 M‬ب رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬زٔ ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ اىجبس‪ BaCl2 ً٘ٝ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ئ ‪. 0.1 M‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪BaCrO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪CrO4‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪KSP = S2‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( 1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-5 )2‬‬
‫‪KSP = 1.44‬‬ ‫‪10-10‬‬
‫‪BaCrO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪CrO4-2‬‬

‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫‪BaCl2‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+ 2Cl-‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.1‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.44‬‬ ‫) ‪10-10 = ( y + 0.1 ) ( y‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y = 1.44‬‬ ‫‪10-9 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 6‬ئ ‪ / 2016‬د‪2‬‬
‫‪-5‬‬
‫ارا ػيَذ اُ اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىنشٍٗبد اىجبس‪ BaCrO4 ً٘ٝ‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ىٖب اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬اىَ جغ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪1.1 10 M ٛ‬‬
‫ٍب ػذد ٍ٘الد ‪ BaCl2‬اىز‪ٝ ٜ‬غت اظبفزٖب اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه ىغؼو رشم‪ٞ‬ض ا‪ ُ٘ٝ‬اىنشٍٗبد ‪. 1.21 10-8 M‬‬
‫‪BaCrO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪KSP = S2‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( 1.1‬‬ ‫‪10-5 )2‬‬
‫‪KSP = 1.21‬‬ ‫‪10-10‬‬
‫‪BaCrO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪CrO4-2‬‬

‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪1.21 10-8‬‬
‫‪BaCl2‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+ 2Cl-‬‬
‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪2y‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.21‬‬ ‫‪10-10 = ( S + y ) ( 1.21‬‬ ‫) ‪10-8‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y = 10-2 M = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪V = 1L‬‬ ‫‪M=n‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 7‬ئ ‪ / 2014‬د‪3‬‬
‫‪-5‬‬
‫ارا ػيَذ اُ اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىنشٍٗبد اىجبس‪ BaCrO4 ً٘ٝ‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾ٘ىٔ اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬اىَ جغ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪ ٛ‬ئ ‪1.2 10 M‬‬
‫ٍب ػذد ٍ٘الد مشٍٗبد اىج٘ربع‪ K2CrO4 ً٘ٞ‬اىز‪ٝ ٜ‬غت اظبفزٖب اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه ىغؼو رشم‪ٞ‬ض ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد اىجبس‪ً٘ٝ‬‬
‫ئ ‪. 1.44 10-8 M‬‬
‫‪BaCrO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪KSP = S2‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( 1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-5 )2‬‬
‫‪KSP = 1.44‬‬ ‫‪10-10‬‬
‫‪BaCrO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪CrO4-2‬‬

‫‪1.44 10-8 1.44 10-8‬‬
‫‪K2CrO4‬‬ ‫‪2K+ + CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.44‬‬ ‫‪10-10 = ( 1.44‬‬ ‫‪10-8 ) ( 1.44‬‬ ‫‪10-8‬‬ ‫) ‪+ y‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y = 10-2 M = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪V = 1L‬‬ ‫‪M=n‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 8‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪2‬‬
‫‪-8‬‬
‫ارا ػيَذ اُ رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ٍيؼ مشٍٗبد اىجبس‪ BaCrO4 ً٘ٝ‬رغبٗ‪ 1.2 10 M ٛ‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ ف‪ ٔٞ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ض مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ‬
‫√‪.‬‬ ‫اىجبس‪ٝ BaCl2 ً٘ٝ‬غبٗ‪ 0.01 M ٛ‬اؽغت رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬زٔ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ىٖب اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬اىَ جغ ػيَب ً اُ ‪= 1.1‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪BaCrO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪CrO4‬‬
‫‪1.2 10-8‬‬ ‫‪1.2 10-8‬‬
‫‪BaCl2‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2 +‬‬ ‫‪2Cl-‬‬
‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( 1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-8 + 0.01 ) ( 1.2‬‬ ‫) ‪10-8‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫‪-10‬‬
‫‪KSP = 1.2‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪BaCrO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪CrO4-2‬‬

‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-10 = S2‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫‪S = 1.1‬‬ ‫‪10-5 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 9‬ئ ‪ / 2019‬د‪ 3‬د‬
‫ارا ػيَذ اُ اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىَيؼ مشٍٗبد اىجبس‪ BaCrO4 ً٘ٝ‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَؾي٘ه اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬اىَ جغ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪ٛ‬‬
‫‪ 1.1 10-5 M‬اؽغت اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ ف‪ ٔٞ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ض مي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ اىجبس‪ٝ BaCl2 ً٘ٝ‬غبٗ‪. 0.2 M ٛ‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪BaCrO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪CrO4‬‬
‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪KSP = S2‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( 1.1‬‬ ‫‪10-5 )2‬‬
‫‪KSP = 1.21‬‬ ‫‪10-10‬‬
‫‪BaCrO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪CrO4-2‬‬

‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫‪BaCl2‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+ 2Cl-‬‬
‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.2‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.21‬‬ ‫) ‪10-10 = ( y + 0.2 ) ( y‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y = 6.05‬‬ ‫‪10-10 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 10‬ئ ‪ / 2014‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬
‫اؽغت اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىَيؼ مجش‪ٝ‬زبد اىيعخ ‪ Ag2SO4‬ئ ‪ pKSP = 4.92 ٗ M = 316 g/mol‬ف‪: ٜ‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬اىَبء اىْق‪ . ٜ‬ة‪ٍ -‬ؾي٘ه ‪ 0.15 M‬مجش‪ٝ‬زبد اىج٘ربع‪. K2SO4 ً٘ٞ‬‬
‫√ ‪√ = 1.43 ,‬‬ ‫ػيَب ً اُ ئ ‪= 0.44 , log1.2 = 0.08‬‬
‫‪KSP = 10-pKSP‬‬
‫‪KSP = 10-4.92‬‬ ‫‪10+5‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪KSP = 10-0.08‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪KSP = 1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫)‪Ag2SO4(S‬‬ ‫)‪2Ag+(aq‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪SO4-2(aq‬‬
‫‪2S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ag+ ]2 [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫) ‪10-5 = ( 2S )2 ( S‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪10-6 = 4S3‬‬
‫= ‪S3‬‬
‫‪S3 = 3‬‬ ‫‪10-6‬‬ ‫للطزفين √‬ ‫‪S = 1.43‬‬ ‫‪10-2 M‬‬
‫)‪Ag2SO4(S‬‬ ‫)‪2Ag+(aq‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪SO4-2(aq‬‬
‫‪2y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫‪K2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2K+ +‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬
‫‪0.15‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.15‬‬ ‫‪0.15‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ag+ ]2 [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫) ‪10-5 = ( 2y )2 ( y + 0.15‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫) ‪10-5 = ( 4y2 ) ( 0.15‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫) ‪10-5 = ( y2 ) ( 0.6‬‬
‫= ‪y2‬‬
‫‪y2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪y2 = 0.2‬‬ ‫‪10-4‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫‪y = 0.44‬‬ ‫‪10-2 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 11‬ئ ‪ / 2022‬د‪1‬‬
‫ىَيؼ مجش‪ٝ‬زبد اىيعخ ‪Ag2SO4‬‬ ‫ٗاىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ثذالىخ ئ ‪g/L‬‬ ‫اؽغت اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ئ ‪mol/L‬‬
‫ئ ‪ٗ M = 316 g/mol‬اُ ‪ KSP = 1.2 10-5‬ف‪ 1 : ٜ‬اىَبء اىْق‪ٍ 2 . ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ‪ K2SO4‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪0.12 M‬‬
‫√‪.‬‬ ‫ٗاُ ‪= 1.44‬‬
‫)‪Ag2SO4(S‬‬ ‫)‪2Ag+(aq‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪SO4-2(aq‬‬

‫‪2S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ag+ ]2 [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫) ‪10-5 = ( 2S )2 ( S‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-5 = 4S3‬‬
‫= ‪S3‬‬ ‫‪= 0.3‬‬ ‫‪10-5 = 3‬‬ ‫‪10-6‬‬ ‫للطزفين √‬ ‫‪S = 1.44‬‬ ‫‪10-2 M‬‬
‫) ‪S ( g/L ) = S ( mol/L‬‬ ‫‪M = 1.44‬‬ ‫‪10-2‬‬ ‫‪314 = 452.16‬‬ ‫‪10-2 g/L‬‬
‫)‪Ag2SO4(S‬‬ ‫)‪2Ag+(aq‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪SO4-2(aq‬‬
‫‪2y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫‪K2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2K+ +‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬
‫‪0.12‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.12‬‬ ‫‪0.12‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ag+ ]2 [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫) ‪10-5 = ( 2y )2 ( y + 0.12‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫‪-5‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫) ‪10 = ( 4y ) ( 0.12‬‬
‫= ‪y2‬‬
‫= ‪y2‬‬
‫= ‪y2‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫=‪y‬‬ ‫‪10-4 = 0.5‬‬ ‫‪10-2 M‬‬

‫) ‪S ( g/L ) = S ( mol/L‬‬ ‫‪M = 0.5‬‬ ‫‪10-2‬‬ ‫‪314 = 1.57‬‬ ‫‪10-2 g/L = 1.57 g/L‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 12‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪ٍ٘ 2‬صو‬
‫‪-9‬‬
‫ق‪َٞ‬خ ؽبصو االراثخ ىَيؼ في٘س‪ٝ‬ذ اىَرْ‪ٞ‬غ‪ MgF2 ً٘ٞ‬رغبٗ‪ KSP = 6.5 10 ٛ‬اؽغت اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىٖزا‬
‫√ ‪.‬‬ ‫اىَيؼ ف‪ -1 -: ٜ‬اىَبء اىْق‪ٍ -2 . ٜ‬ؾي٘ه في٘س‪ٝ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ NaF ً٘ٝ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ 0.1 M‬ػيَب ً اُ ئ ‪= 1.17‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪MgF2‬‬ ‫‪Mg‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2F‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2S‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Mg+2 ] [ F- ]2‬‬
‫‪6.5‬‬ ‫‪10-9 = ( S ) ( 2S )2‬‬
‫‪6.5‬‬ ‫‪10-9 = 4S3‬‬
‫= ‪S3‬‬
‫‪S3 = 1.6‬‬ ‫‪10-9‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫‪S = 1.17‬‬ ‫‪10-3 M‬‬
‫‪MgF2‬‬ ‫‪Mg+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2F-‬‬

‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪2y‬‬
‫‪NaF‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪F-‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Mg+2 ] [ F- ]2‬‬
‫‪6.5‬‬ ‫‪10-9 = ( y ) ( 2y + 0.1 )2‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y = 6.5‬‬ ‫‪10-7 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 13‬ئ ‪ / 2015‬د‪ 2‬خبسط‬
‫‪-3‬‬
‫‪ 1.18‬اؽغت‬ ‫ارا ػيَذ اُ اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىَيؼ في٘س‪ٝ‬ذ اىَرْ‪ٞ‬غ‪ MgF2 ً٘ٞ‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء اىْق‪ ٜٕ ٜ‬ئ ‪10‬‬
‫اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىٖزا اىَيؼ ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه في٘س‪ٝ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ NaF ً٘ٝ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ئ ‪. 0.1 M‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪MgF2‬‬ ‫‪Mg‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2F‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2S‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Mg+2 ] [ F- ]2‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( S ) ( 2S )2‬‬
‫‪KSP = 4S3‬‬
‫‪KSP = 4( 1.18‬‬ ‫‪10-3 )3‬‬
‫‪KSP = 6.57‬‬ ‫‪10-9‬‬
‫‪MgF2‬‬ ‫‪Mg+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2F-‬‬

‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪2y‬‬
‫‪NaF‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪F-‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Mg+2 ] [ F- ]2‬‬
‫‪6.57‬‬ ‫‪10-9 = ( y ) ( 2y + 0.1 )2‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y = 6.57‬‬ ‫‪10-7 M‬‬
‫ط‪ / 14‬ئ ‪ / 2021‬د‪ 2‬رنَ‪ٞ‬ي‪ ٜ‬د ‪ّ /‬يظ ع٘اة اىغؤاه اىغبثق ٍغ رر‪ٞٞ‬ش ف‪ ٜ‬ابسقبً ‪.‬‬
‫اؽغت اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىَيؼ في٘س‪ٝ‬ذ اىَرْ‪ٞ‬غ‪ MgF2 ً٘ٞ‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه في٘س‪ٝ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ NaF ً٘ٝ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ 0.1M‬ارا‬
‫ػيَذ اُ اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىَيؼ ‪ MgF2‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ىٔ اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬اىَ جغ رغبٗ‪. 1.5 10-3 ٛ‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 15‬ئ ‪ / 2016‬د‪ 1‬خبسط‬
‫‪-3‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫ارا ػيَذ اُ اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىَيؼ في٘س‪ٝ‬ذ اىَرْ‪ٞ‬غ‪ MgF2 ً٘ٞ‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء اىْق‪ ٜ‬رغبٗ‪ ٛ‬ئ ‪10 M‬‬
‫اؽغت اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىٖزا اىَيؼ ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه في٘س‪ٝ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ NaF ً٘ٝ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ئ ‪. 0.1 M‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪MgF2‬‬ ‫‪Mg‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2F‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2S‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Mg+2 ] [ F- ]2‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( S ) ( 2S )2‬‬
‫‪KSP = 4S3‬‬
‫‪KSP = 4( 1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-3 )3‬‬
‫‪KSP = 6.912‬‬ ‫‪10-9‬‬
‫‪MgF2‬‬ ‫‪Mg+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2F-‬‬

‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪2y‬‬
‫‪NaF‬‬ ‫‪Na+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪F-‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Mg+2 ] [ F- ]2‬‬
‫‪6.912‬‬ ‫‪10-9 = ( y ) ( 2y + 0.1 )2‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y = 6.912‬‬ ‫‪10-7 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 16‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪ 2‬خبسط د‬
‫‪-7‬‬
‫‪6.5‬‬ ‫اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىيي٘س‪ٝ‬ذ اىَرْ‪ٞ‬غ‪ MgF2 ً٘ٞ‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ‪ ٍِ 0.1‬في٘س‪ٝ‬ذ اىص٘د‪ NaF ً٘ٝ‬رغبٗ‪10 ٛ‬‬
‫√ ‪.‬‬ ‫اؽغت اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىـ ‪ MgF2‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ىٔ اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬اىَ جغ ػيَب ً اُ ئ ‪= 1.8‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪MgF2‬‬ ‫‪Mg‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2F‬‬
‫‪6.5‬‬ ‫‪10-7‬‬ ‫‪2y‬‬
‫‪NaF‬‬ ‫‪Na+ +‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬‫‪-‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Mg+2 ] [ F- ]2‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( 6.5‬‬ ‫‪10-7 ) ( 2y + 0.1 )2‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫‪-9‬‬
‫‪KSP = 6.5‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪MgF2‬‬ ‫‪Mg+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2F-‬‬

‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2S‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Mg+2 ] [ F- ]2‬‬
‫‪6.5‬‬ ‫‪10-9 = ( S ) ( 2S )2‬‬
‫‪6.5‬‬ ‫‪10-9 = 4S3‬‬
‫= ‪S3‬‬
‫‪S3 = 1.625‬‬ ‫‪10-9‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫‪S = 1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-3 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 17‬ئ ‪ / 2015‬د‪1‬‬
‫‪-4‬‬
‫ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء اىْق‪ٜ‬‬ ‫‪3.9‬‬ ‫ارا ػيَذ اُ قبثي‪ٞ‬خ رٗثبُ ٍيؼ ‪٘ٝ‬داد اىجبس‪ Ba(IO3)2 ً٘ٝ‬رغبٗ‪ ٛ‬ئ ‪10 mole/L‬‬
‫اؽغت قبثي‪ٞ‬خ رٗثبّٔ ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ‪٘ٝ‬داد اىج٘ربع‪ KIO3 ً٘ٞ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ئ ‪. 0.02 mole/L‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪Ba(IO3)2‬‬ ‫‪Ba‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2IO3‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2S‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ IO3- ]2‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( S ) ( 2S )2‬‬
‫‪KSP = 4S3‬‬
‫‪KSP = 4( 3.9‬‬ ‫‪10-4 )3‬‬
‫‪KSP = 237.276‬‬ ‫‪10-12‬‬
‫‪Ba(IO3)2‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2IO3-‬‬

‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪2y‬‬
‫‪KIO3‬‬ ‫‪K+ +‬‬ ‫‪IO3-‬‬
‫‪0.02‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.02‬‬ ‫‪0.02‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ IO3- ]2‬‬
‫‪237.276‬‬ ‫‪10-12 = ( y ) ( 2y + 0.02 )2‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y = 59.319‬‬ ‫‪10-8 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 18‬ئ ‪ / 2018‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ ٛ‬د ‪ / 2018 +‬د‪ 2‬د‬
‫‪-11‬‬
‫اؽغت‬ ‫‪2.4‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىـ ‪ Pb(IO3)2‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ئ ‪ NaIO3 ٍِ 0.1 M‬رغبٗ‪ ٛ‬ئ ‪M‬‬
‫√ ‪.‬‬ ‫اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىـ ‪ Pb(IO3)2‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ىٔ اىَ جغ ػيَب ً اُ ئ ‪= 3.9‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪Pb(IO3)2‬‬ ‫‪Pb‬‬ ‫‪+ 2IO3‬‬
‫‪2.4 10-11‬‬ ‫‪2y‬‬
‫‪NaIO3‬‬ ‫‪Na+ +‬‬ ‫‪IO3-‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Pb+2 ] [ IO3- ]2‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( 2.4 10-11 ) ( 2y + 0.1 )2‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫‪KSP = 2.4‬‬ ‫‪10-13‬‬
‫‪Pb(IO3)2‬‬ ‫‪Pb+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2IO3-‬‬

‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2S‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Pb+2 ] [ IO3- ]2‬‬
‫‪2.4‬‬ ‫‪10-13 = ( S ) ( 2S )2‬‬
‫‪2.4‬‬ ‫‪10-13 = 4S3‬‬
‫= ‪S3‬‬
‫‪S3 = 0.6‬‬ ‫‪10-13‬‬
‫‪S3 = 60‬‬ ‫‪10-15‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫‪S = 3.9‬‬ ‫‪10-5 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 19‬ئ ‪ / 2016‬د‪ 3‬خبسط‬
‫ارا مبّذ اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ىـ ‪ AgI‬رغبٗ‪ ٛ‬ئ ‪ 0.00235 g/L‬ئ مزيزٔ اىَ٘ى‪ٞ‬خ ‪ 235 g/mol‬اؽغت رشم‪ٞ‬ض ٍيؼ ‪٘ٝ‬د‪ٝ‬ذ‬
‫اىص٘د‪ NaI ً٘ٝ‬اى٘اعت اظبفزٔ ىغؼو اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ رغبٗ‪ ٛ‬ئ ‪. 1 10-7 mol/L‬‬
‫= )‪S(mol/L‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=1‬‬ ‫‪10-5 M‬‬
‫‪AgI‬‬ ‫‪Ag+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪I-‬‬

‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ag+ ] [ I-‬‬
‫‪KSP = S2‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( 1‬‬ ‫‪10-5 )2‬‬
‫‪KSP = 1‬‬ ‫‪10-10‬‬
‫‪AgI‬‬ ‫‪Ag+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪I-‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪10-7 1 10-7‬‬
‫‪NaI‬‬ ‫‪Na+ + I-‬‬
‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ag+ ] [ I-‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪10-10 = ( 1‬‬ ‫‪10-7 ) ( 1‬‬ ‫‪10-7‬‬ ‫) ‪+ y‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫] ‪y = 10-3 M = 0.001 M = [ NaI‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 20‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬
‫‪-5‬‬
‫‪ 1.26‬اؽغت‬ ‫ارا ػيَذ اُ رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ مجش‪ٝ‬زبد اىجبس‪ BaSO4 ً٘ٝ‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ىٖب اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬اىَ جغ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪10 M ٛ‬‬
‫رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬زٖب ثؼذ اظبفخ ئ ‪ H2SO4 ٍِ 2mL‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ئ ‪ 5 M‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه اىَ جغ ٍْٔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪BaSO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪KSP = S2‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( 1.26‬‬ ‫‪10-5 )2‬‬
‫‪KSP = 1.588‬‬ ‫‪10-10‬‬
‫‪M1 V1 = M2 V2‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫= ‪M2‬‬ ‫‪M2 = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪BaSO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬

‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫‪H2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2H+ +‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬
‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.588‬‬ ‫) ‪10-10 = ( y ) ( y + 0.01‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y = 1.588‬‬ ‫‪10-8 M‬‬
‫ط‪ / 21‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪2‬‬

‫‪-5‬‬
‫ارا ػيَذ اُ رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ‪ BaSO4‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ىٖب اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬اىَ جغ ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪ 1.265 10 M ٛ‬اؽغت رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬زٖب ثؼذ اظبفخ‬
‫ئ ‪ H2SO4 ٍِ 1mL‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ئ ‪ 10 M‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه اىَ جغ ٍْٔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪) y = 1.6‬‬ ‫اجلىاب شبيه السؤال السابق ةع تغيري األيقام فقط ( ‪10-8 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 22‬ئ ‪ / 2015‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬‬
‫‪-4‬‬
‫رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ‪ PbSO4‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ىٔ اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬اىَ جغ ئ ‪ 1 10 M‬مٌ ٍي‪ٞ‬يزش ٍِ ؽبٍط اىنجش‪ٝ‬ز‪ٞ‬ل ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ئ ‪10 M‬‬
‫‪ٝ‬غت اظبفزٔ اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ اىَؾ٘ه ىغؼو رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬زٔ ئ ‪. 10-6 M‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪PbSO4‬‬ ‫‪Pb‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Pb+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪KSP = S2‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( 1‬‬ ‫‪10-4 )2‬‬
‫‪KSP = 1‬‬ ‫‪10-8‬‬
‫‪PbSO4‬‬ ‫‪Pb+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬
‫‪10-6‬‬ ‫‪10-6‬‬
‫‪H2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬

‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Pb+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫) ‪10-8 = ( 10-6 ) ( 10-6 + y‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y=1‬‬ ‫‪10-2 M = 0.01 M‬‬

‫‪M1 V1 = M2 V2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪V1 = 0.01‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫= ‪V1‬‬ ‫‪V1 = 0.001 L‬‬
‫‪V1 = 0.001‬‬ ‫‪1000 = 1 mL‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 23‬ئ ‪ / 2016‬د‪1‬‬
‫ٍب رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ مجش‪ٝ‬زبد اىشصبص ‪ PbSO4‬؟‬
‫‪ -1‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَؾي٘ه اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬اىَ جغ ئ اىَبء اىْق‪. ٜ‬‬
‫اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه اىَ جغ ٍْٔ ػيَب ً اُ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ثؼذ اظبفخ ئ ‪ Na2SO4 ٍِ 2 mL‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ئ ‪ٍ٘ 10‬الس‪ٛ‬‬
‫√ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ KSP (PbSO4) = 1.6 10-8‬ئ ‪= 1.26‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪PbSO4‬‬ ‫‪Pb‬‬ ‫‪+ SO4‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Pb+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫‪10-8 = S2‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫‪S = 1.26‬‬ ‫‪10-4 M‬‬
‫‪M1 V1 = M2 V2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫= ‪M2‬‬ ‫‪M2 = 0.02 M‬‬
‫‪PbSO4‬‬ ‫‪Pb+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬

‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫‪Na2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2Na+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬
‫‪0.02‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.02‬‬ ‫‪0.02‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Pb+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫) ‪10-8 = ( y ) ( y + 0.02‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y=8‬‬ ‫‪10-7 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 24‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪ 2‬خبسط‬
‫‪-4‬‬
‫ارا ػيَذ اُ اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىَؾي٘ه مجش‪ٝ‬زبد اىشصبص ‪ PbSO4‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء اىْق‪ ٜ‬رغبٗ‪ٍ 1.2 10 M ٛ‬ب‬
‫رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬زٔ ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ ٍِ 1 mL‬ؽبٍط اىنجش‪ٝ‬ز‪ٞ‬ل ‪ H2SO4‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ 10 M‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه اىَ جغ ئ إَو‬
‫اىزر‪ٞ‬ش اىؾبصو ف‪ ٜ‬اىؾغٌ ثؼذ اظبفخ اىؾبٍط ‪.‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪PbSO4‬‬ ‫‪Pb‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Pb+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪KSP = S2‬‬
‫‪KSP = 1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-4‬‬
‫‪KSP = 1.44‬‬ ‫‪10-8‬‬
‫‪M1 V1 = M2 V2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫= ‪M2‬‬ ‫‪M2 = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪PbSO4‬‬ ‫‪Pb+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬

‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫‪H2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2H+ +‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬
‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Pb+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.44‬‬ ‫) ‪10-8 = ( y ) ( y + 0.01‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y = 1.44‬‬ ‫‪10-6 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 25‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪3‬‬
‫‪-8‬‬
‫ٍب رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ‪ PbSO4‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ٍبئ‪ ٍ ٜ‬جغ ٍْٔ ئ ‪ KSP = 1.6 10‬؟ ٍٗب رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬زٔ ثؼذ اظبفخ ئ ‪ٍِ 2 mL‬‬
‫√ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ H2SO4‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ئ ‪ 5 M‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه اىَ جغ ٍْٔ ؟ ػيَب ً اُ ئ ‪= 1.26‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪PbSO4‬‬ ‫‪Pb‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Pb+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫‪10-8 = S2‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫‪S = 1.26‬‬ ‫‪10-4 M‬‬
‫‪M1 V1 = M2 V2‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫= ‪M2‬‬ ‫‪M2 = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪PbSO4‬‬ ‫‪Pb+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬

‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫‪H2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2H+ +‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬
‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Pb+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫) ‪10-8 = ( y ) ( y + 0.01‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y = 1.6‬‬ ‫‪10-6 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 26‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪ 3‬د‬
‫‪-8‬‬
‫ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء اىْق‪. ٜ‬‬ ‫‪ KSP‬؟ ‪1‬‬ ‫ٍب اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىَيؼ مجش‪ٝ‬زبد اىشصبص ‪ PbSO4‬ؽ‪ٞ‬ش ‪= 1.6 10‬‬
‫√‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه مجش‪ٝ‬زبد اىج٘ربع‪ K2SO4 ً٘ٞ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ , 0.02 M‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪= 1.26‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪PbSO4‬‬ ‫‪Pb‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Pb+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫‪10-8 = S2‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫‪S = 1.26‬‬ ‫‪10-4 M‬‬
‫‪PbSO4‬‬ ‫‪Pb+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬

‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫‪K2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2K+ +‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬
‫‪0.02‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.02‬‬ ‫‪0.02‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Pb+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫) ‪10-8 = ( y ) ( y + 0.02‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y=8‬‬ ‫‪10-7 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 27‬ئ ‪ / 2023‬د‪ 1‬د‬
‫‪-8‬‬
‫ارا ػيَذ اُ ق‪َٞ‬خ صبثذ ؽبصو اىزٗثبُ ‪ KSP‬ىـ ‪ PbSO4‬رغبٗ‪. KSP = 1.6 10 ٛ‬‬
‫صبّ‪ٞ‬ب ً اؽغت اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىٖزا اىَيؼ‬ ‫أٗالً اؽغت اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىٖزا اىَيؼ ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبء اىْق‪. ٜ‬‬
‫√‪.‬‬ ‫ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ , H2SO4 ٍِ 0.1 M‬صٌ قبسُ اىْز‪ٞ‬غز‪ , ِٞ‬ػيَب ً اُ ‪= 1.26‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪PbSO4‬‬ ‫‪Pb‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Pb+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫‪10-8 = S2‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫‪S = 1.26‬‬ ‫‪10-4 M‬‬
‫‪PbSO4‬‬ ‫‪Pb+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬

‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫‪H2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2H+ +‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬
‫‪0.02‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Pb+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫) ‪10-8 = ( y ) ( y + 0.1‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y = 1.6‬‬ ‫‪10-7 M‬‬
‫ّالؽع اُ اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ قيذ ثؼذ اظبفخ ٍؾي٘ه ‪. H2SO4‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 28‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪1‬‬
‫اؽغت اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ئ ‪ٗ mol/L‬اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ اىرشاٍ‪ٞ‬خ ئ ‪ g/L‬ىـ ئ مجش‪ٝ‬زبد اىجبس‪ ً٘ٝ‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ىٖب اىَبئ‪ٜ‬‬
‫اىَ جغ ئ ‪ٗ M = 233 g/mol‬اُ ‪ KSP = 1.6 10-10‬صٌ اؽغت رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬زٖب اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ثؼذ اظبفخ ئ ‪1 mL‬‬
‫√ ‪.‬‬ ‫ٍِ ‪ H2SO4‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ئ ‪ 10 M‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه اىَ جغ ٍْٔ ػيَب ً اُ ئ ‪= 1.26‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪BaSO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫‪10-10 = S2‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫‪S = 1.26‬‬ ‫‪10-5 M‬‬
‫)‪S(g/L) = S(mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪M(g/mol‬‬
‫‪S(g/L) = 1.26‬‬ ‫)‪10-5 (mol/L‬‬ ‫)‪233 (g/mol‬‬
‫‪S(g/L) = 293.58‬‬ ‫‪10-5 g/L‬‬
‫‪M1 V1 = M2 V2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫= ‪M2‬‬ ‫‪M2 = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪BaSO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬

‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫‪H2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2H+ +‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬
‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫) ‪10-10 = ( y ) ( y + 0.01‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y = 1.26‬‬ ‫‪10-8 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 29‬ئ ‪ / 2018‬د‪2‬‬
‫ارا ػيَذ اُ رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ‪ BaSO4‬ثؼذ اظبفخ ئ ‪ H2SO4 ٍِ 1 mL‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ئ ‪ 10 M‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه اىَ جغ‬
‫√ ‪.‬‬ ‫ٍْٔ رغبٗ‪ ٛ‬ئ ‪ 1.6 10-8 M‬اؽغت رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬زٔ ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ىٔ اىَ جغ ػيَب ً اُ ئ ‪= 1.26‬‬
‫‪M1 V1 = M2 V2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫= ‪M2‬‬ ‫‪M2 = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪BaSO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬

‫‪1.6 10-8 1.6 10-8‬‬
‫‪H2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2H+ + SO4-2‬‬
‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( 1.6‬‬ ‫‪10-8 ) ( 1.6‬‬ ‫) ‪10-8 + 0.01‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫‪-10‬‬
‫‪KSP = 1.6‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪BaSO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬

‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫‪10-10 = S2‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫‪S = 1.6‬‬ ‫‪10-5 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 30‬ئ ‪ / 2021‬د‪ 2‬رنَ‪ٞ‬ي‪ٜ‬‬
‫‪-5‬‬
‫‪ 1.34‬اؽغت رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬زٔ ثؼذ اظبفخ‬ ‫ارا ػيَذ اُ رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ‪ AgCl‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ىٖب اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬اىَ جغ رغبٗ‪10 M ٛ‬‬
‫‪ HCl ٍِ 1mL‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ 10M‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه اىَ جغ ٍْٔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪AgCl‬‬ ‫‪Ag‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Cl‬‬
‫‪1.34‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪1.34‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ag+ ] [ Cl-‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( 1.34‬‬ ‫‪10-5 )2‬‬
‫‪KSP = 1.7956‬‬ ‫‪10-10‬‬
‫‪M1 V1 = M2 V2‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫= ‪M2‬‬ ‫‪M2 = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪AgCl‬‬ ‫‪Ag+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Cl-‬‬

‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫‪HCl‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Cl-‬‬
‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ag+ ] [ Cl-‬‬
‫‪1.7956‬‬ ‫) ‪10-10 = ( y ) ( y + 0.01‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪y = 1.7956‬‬ ‫‪10-8 M‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫طدائل اضذوباظيـظ ( اضذوباظيظ واضترديب )‬

‫ط‪ / 2‬ئ ‪ / 2013‬د‪ / 2015 + 1‬د‪ّ 1‬بصؽ‪/ 2021 + ِٞ‬‬ ‫ط‪ / 1‬ئ ‪ / 2014‬د‪2‬‬
‫رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ / 2023 + ٛ‬د‪ 3‬د‬ ‫ٍب أقو داىخ ؽبٍع‪ٞ‬خ ‪ pH‬ىَؾي٘ه ‪ٝ‬ؾ٘‪ ٛ‬ا‪ ُ٘ٝ‬اىؾذ‪ٝ‬ذ‬
‫ارا ػيَذ اُ رشم‪ٞ‬ض ا‪ ُ٘ٝ‬اىنبىغ‪ ً٘ٞ‬ئ ‪M = 40 g/mole‬‬ ‫ئ ‪ III‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪ 2 10-10 M ٛ‬اىز‪ ٜ‬ارا رٌ‬
‫ف‪ ٜ‬ثالصٍب اىذً ‪ٝ‬غبٗ‪ 0.1 g/L ٛ‬فبرا مبُ رشم‪ٞ‬ض ا‪ُ٘ٝ‬‬ ‫اى٘ص٘ه اى‪ٖٞ‬ب أٗ رغبٗصٕب ‪ٝ‬جذأ ساعت ٕ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ‬
‫‪ٕ , 1‬و رزشعت‬ ‫االٗمضاالد ف‪ٝ ٔٞ‬غبٗ‪10-7 M ٛ‬‬ ‫اىؾذ‪ٝ‬ذ ئ ‪ III‬ثبىظٖ٘س ف‪ ٜ‬اىَؾي٘ه ‪ ,‬ػيَب ً اُ‬
‫اٗمضاالد اىنبىغ‪ CaC2O4 ً٘ٞ‬ئ ‪KSP = 2.24 10-9‬‬ ‫‪. KSP = 5 10-38‬‬
‫اجلىاب ‪/‬‬ ‫√‬ ‫ئ ‪= 6.3 , log1.58 = 0.201‬‬
‫= ] ‪[ Ca+2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫)‪Fe(OH)3(S‬‬ ‫)‪Fe+2(aq) + 3OH-(aq‬‬
‫‪[ Ca+2 ] = 0.0025 M = 25‬‬ ‫‪10-4 M‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪10-8‬‬ ‫?‬
‫)‪CaC2O4(S‬‬ ‫)‪Ca+2(aq‬‬ ‫)‪+ C2O4-2(aq‬‬ ‫‪KSP = [ Fe+2 ] [ OH- ]3‬‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪10-4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪10-7‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪10-38 = ( 2‬‬ ‫‪10-10 ) [ OH- ]3‬‬
‫] ‪ = [ Ca+2 ] [ C2O4-2‬اىؾبصو اال‪ّٜ٘ٝ‬‬
‫= ‪[ OH- ]3‬‬
‫‪-4‬‬ ‫‪-7‬‬
‫‪ = ( 25‬اىؾبصو اال‪ّٜ٘ٝ‬‬ ‫‪10 ) ( 1‬‬ ‫) ‪10‬‬
‫‪-11‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ]3 = 2.5‬‬ ‫‪10-28‬‬
‫‪ = 25‬اىؾبصو اال‪ّٜ٘ٝ‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪KSP‬‬ ‫اىؾبصو اال‪ّٜ٘ٝ‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ]3 = 250‬‬ ‫‪10-30‬‬ ‫للطزفين √‬
‫‪2.24‬‬ ‫‪10-9‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪10-11‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 6.3‬‬ ‫‪10-10‬‬
‫ال ‪ٝ‬ؾصو رشع‪ٞ‬ت‬
‫= ] ‪[ H+‬‬
‫= ] ‪[ H+‬‬
‫‪[ H+ ] = 0.158‬‬ ‫‪10-4 M‬‬ ‫‪1.58‬‬ ‫‪10-5 M‬‬

‫= ‪pH‬‬ ‫‪log H+‬‬
‫= ‪pH‬‬ ‫‪log 1.58‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫= ‪pH‬‬ ‫] ‪[ log 1.58 + log 10-5‬‬
‫= ‪pH‬‬ ‫] ‪[ 0.201 – 5‬‬
‫‪pH = 4.799‬‬ ‫‪4.8‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 3‬ئ ‪ / 2019‬د‪3‬‬
‫‪+3‬‬ ‫‪+3‬‬
‫ٍؾي٘ه ؽغَٔ ىزش ‪ٝ‬ؾز٘‪ ٛ‬ئ ‪ ٍِ 0.001 mol‬مو ٍِ ا‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ‪ Fe ٗ Al‬اظ‪ٞ‬يذ اى‪ ٔٞ‬مَ‪ٞ‬خ ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه ‪NaOH‬‬
‫ث‪ ِٞ‬س‪ٝ‬بظ‪ٞ‬ب ً ا‪َٖٝ‬ب ‪ٝ‬زشعت أٗالً ‪ Al(OH)3‬أٗ ‪ Fe(OH)3‬؟ ٗىَبرا ؟ ػيَب ً اُ‬
‫√‬ ‫√ ‪= 0.7 ,‬‬ ‫ئ ‪ ٗ KSP Fe(OH)3 = 5 10-38‬ئ ‪ KSP Al(OH)3 = 3.5 10-34‬ئ ‪= 3.7‬‬
‫‪V=1L‬‬ ‫‪M=n‬‬ ‫اجلىاب ‪/‬‬
‫‪+3‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+3‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪Fe(OH)3‬‬ ‫‪Fe‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪3OH‬‬ ‫‪Al(OH)3‬‬ ‫‪Al‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪3OH‬‬
‫‪0.001‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪0.001‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Fe+3 ] [ OH- ]3‬‬ ‫‪KSP = [ Al+3 ] [ OH- ]3‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪10-38 = [ 1‬‬ ‫‪10-3 ] [ OH- ]3‬‬ ‫‪3.5‬‬ ‫‪10-34 = [ 1‬‬ ‫‪10-3 ] [ OH- ]3‬‬
‫= ‪[ OH- ]3‬‬ ‫= ‪[ OH- ]3‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ]3 = 5‬‬ ‫‪10-35‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ]3 = 3.5‬‬ ‫‪10-31‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ]3 = 50‬‬ ‫ثبىغزس اىزنؼ‪ٞ‬ج‪ ٜ‬ىيطشف‪10-36 ِٞ‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ]3 = 0.35‬‬ ‫ثبىغزس اىزنؼ‪ٞ‬ج‪ ٜ‬ىيطشف‪10-30 ِٞ‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 3.7‬‬ ‫‪10-12 M‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ] = 0.7‬‬ ‫‪10-10 M‬‬
‫ٕ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىؾذ‪ٝ‬ذ ئ ‪ٝ III‬زشعت أٗالً ‪ /‬بّٔ ‪َٝ‬زيل اقو رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ‪.‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 4‬ئ ‪ / 2021‬د‪1‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪+2‬‬
‫ٍؾي٘ه ؽغَٔ ‪ٝ 2L‬ؾز٘‪ ٛ‬ػي‪ ٍِ 0.002mol ٚ‬مو ٍِ أ‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ‪ , Zn ٗ Mg‬اظ‪ٞ‬يذ اى‪ ٔٞ‬مَ‪ٞ‬خ ٍِ ٍؾي٘ه‬
‫‪ , NaOH‬ث‪ ِٞ‬س‪ٝ‬بظ‪ٞ‬ب ً ا‪َٖٝ‬ب ‪ٝ‬زشعت أٗالً ‪ Mg(OH)2‬أٗ ‪ Zn(OH)2‬؟ ٗىَبرا ؟ ػيَب ً اُ ‪:‬‬
‫√‪.‬‬ ‫√ ‪= 1.1 ,‬‬ ‫‪= 1.3 , KSP Zn(OH)2 = 1.2 10-17 , KSP Mg(OH)2 = 1.8 10-11‬‬
‫= ] ‪[ Mg+2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.001 M‬‬ ‫= ] ‪[ Zn+2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.001 M‬‬
‫‪Mg(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Mg+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2OH-‬‬ ‫‪Zn(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Zn+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2OH-‬‬
‫‪0.001‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪0.001‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫‪KSP = [ Mg+2 ] [ OH- ]2‬‬ ‫‪KSP = [ Zn+2 ] [ OH- ]2‬‬
‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪10-11 = [ 1‬‬ ‫‪10-3 ] [ OH- ]2‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪10-17 = [ 1‬‬ ‫‪10-3 ] [ OH- ]2‬‬
‫= ‪[ OH- ]2‬‬ ‫= ‪[ OH- ]2‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ]2 = 1.8‬‬ ‫‪ [ OH- ]2 = 1.2‬ثبىغزس اىزشث‪ٞ‬ؼ‪ ٜ‬ىيطشف‪10-8 ِٞ‬‬ ‫ثبىغزس اىزشث‪ٞ‬ؼ‪ ٜ‬ىيطشف‪10-14 ِٞ‬‬
‫‪[ OH- ] = 1.3‬‬ ‫‪10-4 M‬‬ ‫‪[ OH- ] = 1.1‬‬ ‫‪10-7 M‬‬
‫رشم‪ٞ‬ض اقو ا‪ ٛ‬مَ‪ٞ‬خ ‪ NaOH‬اىز‪ٝ ٜ‬ؾزبعٖب اال‪ ُ٘ٝ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ض اػي‪ ٚ‬ا‪ ٛ‬مَ‪ٞ‬خ ‪ NaOH‬اىز‪ٝ ٜ‬ؾزبعٖب اال‪ُ٘ٝ‬‬
‫] ‪ [ Mg+2‬رنُ٘ امجش ‪.‬‬ ‫] ‪ [ Zn+2‬رنُ٘ اقو ‪.‬‬
‫ٕ‪ٞ‬ذسٗمغ‪ٞ‬ذ اىخبسص‪ٝ Zn(OH)2 ِٞ‬زشعت أٗالً ‪ /‬بّٔ ‪َٝ‬زيل اقو رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ‪.‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 5‬ئ ‪ / 2018‬د‪ / 2018 + 1‬د‪ 2‬خبسط ‪ / 2020 +‬د‪ 2‬رنَ‪ٞ‬ي‪ٜ‬‬
‫ٍؾي٘ه ٍِ ّزشاد اىيعخ ‪ AgNO3‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ئ ‪ٗ 0.01 M‬ؽغَٔ ئ ‪ 20 mL‬اظ‪ٞ‬ف اى‪ ٚ‬ئ ‪ٍ ٍِ 80 mL‬ؾي٘ه‬
‫مشٍٗبد اىج٘ربع‪ K2CrO4 ً٘ٞ‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ئ ‪ 0.05 M‬ث‪ ِٞ‬ؽغبث‪ٞ‬ب ً ٕو رزشعت مشٍٗبد اىيعخ ‪ Ag2CrO4‬؟ ػيَب ً‬
‫اُ ‪. KSP (Ag2CrO4) = 1.1 10-12‬‬
‫‪VT = V1 + V2‬‬ ‫‪VT = 20 + 80 = 100 mL‬‬
‫] ‪[ AgNO3‬‬
‫‪M1 . V1 = M2 . V2‬‬
‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪20 = M2‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫= ‪M2‬‬ ‫‪M1 = 0.002 M = 2 10-3 M‬‬
‫‪AgNO3‬‬ ‫‪Ag+ + NO3-‬‬
‫‪2 10-3‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪-3‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2 10‬‬ ‫‪2 10-3‬‬
‫‪[ Ag+ ] = 2‬‬ ‫‪10-3 M‬‬
‫] ‪[ K2CrO4‬‬
‫‪M1 . V1 = M2 . V2‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪80 = M2‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫= ‪M2‬‬ ‫‪M1 = 0.04 M = 4 10-2 M‬‬

‫‪K2CrO4‬‬ ‫‪2K+ + CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪0.04‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.04‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬
‫‪-2‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪[ CrO4 ] = 4 10 M‬‬
‫‪Ag2CrO4‬‬ ‫‪2Ag+ + CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪2 10-3‬‬ ‫‪4 10-2‬‬
‫] ‪QSP = [ Ag+ ]2 [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫) ‪QSP = ( 2 10-3 )2 ( 4 10-2‬‬
‫‪QSP = 16 10-8‬‬
‫اىزيبػو خيي‪ ٜ‬ئ ‪ٝ‬ؾصو رشع‪ٞ‬ت بُ ‪:‬‬
‫‪KSP‬‬ ‫‪QSP‬‬
‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫‪10-12‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪10-8‬‬
‫ط‪ / 6‬ئ ‪ / 2021‬د‪ّ / 2‬يظ اىغؤاه اىغبثق ٍغ رر‪ٞٞ‬ش ابسقبً ‪.‬‬
‫ٍؾي٘ه ٍِ ّزشاد اىيعخ ‪ AgNO3‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ئ ‪ٗ 0.02M‬ؽغَٔ ئ ‪ 25mL‬أظ‪ٞ‬ف اى‪ ٚ‬ئ ‪ٍ ٍِ 75mL‬ؾي٘ه‬
‫ئ ‪ 0.04M‬مشٍٗبد اىج٘ربع‪ , K2CrO4 ً٘ٞ‬ث‪ٕ ِٞ‬و رزشعت مشٍٗبد اىيعخ ‪ , Ag2CrO4‬ارا ػيَذ اُ صبثذ‬
‫ؽبصو االراثخ ىـ ‪ٝ Ag2CrO4‬غبٗ‪ ٛ‬ئ ‪. ( 1.1 10-12‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 7‬ئ ‪ / 2018‬د‪3‬‬
‫‪-6‬‬
‫ٍضط ئ ‪ٍ ٍِ 80 mL‬ؾي٘ه ئ ‪ّ 2 10 M‬زشاد اىجبس‪ٍ Ba(NO3)2 ً٘ٝ‬غ ئ ‪ٍ ٍِ 20 mL‬ؾي٘ه‬
‫ئ ‪ 5 10-5 M‬مجش‪ٝ‬زبد اىص٘د‪ٕ Na2SO4 ً٘ٝ‬و ‪ٝ‬ؾصو رشع‪ٞ‬ت أً ال ىنجش‪ٝ‬زبد اىجبس‪ ً٘ٝ‬ارا ػيَذ اُ اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ‬
‫اىَ٘الس‪ٝ‬خ ىـ ‪ BaSO4‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ىٔ اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬اىَ جغ رغبٗ‪ ٛ‬رقش‪ٝ‬جب ً ئ ‪ 1 10-5 M‬؟ ث‪ ِٞ‬رىل ؽغبث‪ٞ‬ب ً ‪.‬‬
‫‪VT = V1 + V2‬‬ ‫‪VT = 80 + 20 = 100 mL‬‬
‫] ‪[ Ba(NO3)2‬‬
‫‪M1 . V1 = M2 . V2‬‬
‫‪2 10-6 80 = M2‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫= ‪M2‬‬ ‫‪M1 = 1.6 10-6 M = 16 10-7 M‬‬
‫‪Ba(NO3)2‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2 + 2NO3-‬‬
‫‪16 10-7‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫) ‪16 10 2( 16 10-7‬‬
‫‪-7‬‬
‫] ‪[ Na2SO4‬‬
‫‪M1 . V1 = M2 . V2‬‬
‫‪5 10-5 20 = M2‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫= ‪M2‬‬ ‫‪M1 = 1 10-5 M‬‬
‫‪Na2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2Na+ + SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1 10-5‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪-5‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫) ‪2(1 10‬‬ ‫‪1 10-5‬‬
‫‪BaSO42‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪10-7‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫] ‪QSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪QSP = ( 16‬‬ ‫‪10-7 ) ( 1‬‬ ‫) ‪10-5‬‬
‫‪QSP = 16‬‬ ‫‪10-12‬‬
‫‪BaSO4‬‬ ‫‪Ba+2‬‬ ‫‪+ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ba+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( 1‬‬ ‫‪10-5 )2‬‬
‫‪KSP = 1‬‬ ‫‪10-10‬‬
‫اىزيبػو اٍبٍ‪ ٜ‬ئ ال ‪ٝ‬ؾصو رشع‪ٞ‬ت بُ‬
‫‪1 10-10‬‬ ‫‪16 10-12‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 8‬ئ ‪ / 2018‬د‪ / 2018 + 1‬د‪ 2‬خبسط ‪ / 2020 +‬د‪ 2‬رنَ‪ٞ‬ي‪ٜ‬‬
‫ارا ػيَذ اُ ىزشاً ٗاؽذاً ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه اىَ جغ ىنشٍٗبد اىيعخ ‪ Ag2CrO4‬ئ ‪ٝ M = 332 g/mol‬ؾ٘‪ٛ‬‬
‫‪ ٍِ 0.0216 g‬اىَيؼ ‪ 1 :‬اؽغت صبثذ ؽبصو اىزٗثبُ ىٖزا اىَيؼ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ٕ 2‬و ‪ٝ‬ؾصو رشع‪ٞ‬ت أٗ ال ىيَيؼ ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ‪ٝ‬ؾز٘‪ ٛ‬ػي‪ّ ٚ‬زشاد اىيعخ ‪ AgNO3‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪0.04 M ٗ 0.002 M‬‬
‫مشٍٗبد اىيعخ ‪. K2CrO4‬‬
‫=‪S‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.65‬‬ ‫‪10-4 M = 6.5‬‬ ‫‪10-5 M‬‬
‫)‪Ag2CrO4(S‬‬ ‫)‪2Ag+(aq‬‬ ‫)‪+ CrO4-2(aq‬‬

‫‪2S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ag+ ]2 [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( 2S )2 ( S ) = 4S3‬‬
‫‪KSP = 4( 6.5‬‬ ‫‪10-5 )3‬‬
‫‪KSP = 4( 274.625‬‬ ‫) ‪10-15‬‬
‫‪KSP = 1.098‬‬ ‫‪10-15‬‬ ‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫‪10-15‬‬
‫‪AgNO3‬‬ ‫‪Ag+‬‬ ‫‪+ NO3-‬‬ ‫‪K2CrO4‬‬ ‫‪2K+‬‬ ‫‪+ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.04‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬
‫‪[ Ag+ ] = 2‬‬ ‫‪10-3 M‬‬ ‫‪[ CrO4-2 ] = 4‬‬ ‫‪10-2 M‬‬
‫‪Ag2CrO4‬‬ ‫‪2Ag+‬‬ ‫‪+ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪10-2‬‬
‫] ‪QSP = [ Ag+ ]2 [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪QSP = ( 2‬‬ ‫‪10-3 )2 ( 4‬‬ ‫) ‪10-2‬‬
‫‪QSP = 16‬‬ ‫‪10-8‬‬
‫اىزيبػو خيي‪ ٜ‬ئ ّؼٌ ‪ٝ‬ؾصو رشع‪ٞ‬ت بُ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫‪10-15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪10-8‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 9‬ئ ‪ / 2023‬د‪2‬‬
‫ارا ػيَذ أُ ىزش ٗاؽذ ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه اىَبئ‪ ٜ‬اىَ جغ ىنشٍٗبد اىيعخ ‪ Ag2CrO4‬ئ ‪ٝ M = 332 g/mole‬ؾ٘‪ٛ‬‬
‫‪ ٍِ 0.0216 g‬اىَيؼ ‪ٕ 2 . KSP 1 :‬و رزشعت ‪ Ag2CrO4‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ‪ٝ‬ؾز٘‪ ٛ‬ػي‪ ٚ‬أ‪ّ٘ٝ‬بد ‪CrO4-2 ٗ Ag+‬‬
‫مال ٍَْٖب ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.001 M‬؟ ٗىَبرا ؟‬
‫=‪S‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.65‬‬ ‫‪10-4 M = 6.5‬‬ ‫‪10-5 M‬‬
‫)‪Ag2CrO4(S‬‬ ‫)‪2Ag+(aq‬‬ ‫)‪+ CrO4-2(aq‬‬

‫‪2S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Ag+ ]2 [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪KSP = ( 2S )2 ( S ) = 4S3‬‬
‫‪KSP = 4( 6.5‬‬ ‫‪10-5 )3‬‬
‫‪KSP = 4( 274.625‬‬ ‫) ‪10-15‬‬
‫‪KSP = 1.098‬‬ ‫‪10-15‬‬ ‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫‪10-15‬‬
‫‪Ag2CrO4‬‬ ‫‪2Ag+‬‬ ‫‪+ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪10-2‬‬
‫] ‪QSP = [ Ag+ ]2 [ CrO4-2‬‬
‫‪QSP = ( 1‬‬ ‫‪10-3 )2‬‬
‫‪QSP = 1‬‬ ‫‪10-9‬‬
‫اىزيبػو خيي‪ ٜ‬ئ ّؼٌ ‪ٝ‬ؾصو رشع‪ٞ‬ت بُ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫‪10-15‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪10-9‬‬

‫‪07712242699‬‬
‫ط‪ / 10‬ئ ‪ / 2023‬د‪1‬‬
‫‪-8‬‬
‫ً‬
‫ٍب رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ‪ PbSO4‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ٍبئ‪ ٍ ٜ‬جغ ٍْٔ ػيَب اُ ‪ KSP = 1.6 10‬؟ ٍٗب رٗثبّ‪ٞ‬زٔ ثؼذ اظبفخ ‪ٍِ 2mL‬‬
‫‪ H2SO4‬رشم‪ٞ‬ضٓ ‪ 5 M‬اى‪ ٚ‬ىزش ٍِ اىَؾي٘ه اىَ جغ ٍْٔ ؟ صٌ ث‪ٕ ِٞ‬و ‪ٝ‬ؾصو رشع‪ٞ‬ت ىـ ‪ PbSO4‬ف‪ٍ ٜ‬ؾي٘ه ٍبئ‪ٜ‬‬
‫√‪.‬‬ ‫‪ٝ‬ؾز٘‪ [ Pb+2 ] ٛ‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ [ SO4 ] ٗ 0.01 M‬ثزشم‪ٞ‬ض ‪ 0.1 M‬؟ ػيَب ً اُ ‪= 1.26‬‬
‫‪+2‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪PbSO4‬‬ ‫‪Pb‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Pb+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫‪10-8 = S2‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬
‫‪S = 1.26‬‬ ‫‪10-4 M‬‬
‫‪M1 V1 = M2 V2‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫= ‪M2‬‬ ‫‪M2 = 0.01 M‬‬
‫‪PbSO4‬‬ ‫‪Pb+2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬

‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫‪H2SO4‬‬ ‫‪2H+ +‬‬ ‫‪SO4-2‬‬
‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪2(0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬
‫] ‪KSP = [ Pb+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫) ‪10-8 = ( y ) ( y + 0.01‬‬

‫رَٖو‬
‫=‪y‬‬ ‫‪= 1.6‬‬ ‫‪10-6 M‬‬
‫‪PbSO4‬‬ ‫‪Pb+2‬‬ ‫‪+ SO4-2‬‬

‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬
‫] ‪QSP = [ Pb+2 ] [ SO4-2‬‬
‫‪QSP = ( 0.01 ( 0.1 ) = ( 1‬‬ ‫‪10-2 ) ( 1‬‬ ‫‪10-1 ) = 1‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬
‫‪ٝ‬ؾصو رشع‪ٞ‬ت ئ اىزيبػو خيي‪ ٜ‬بُ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1.6 10-8‬‬ ‫‪1 10-3‬‬


وزاريات الفصل الثالث حسب المنهج الجديد 2024 الاستاذ عقيل الخفاجي1

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وزاريات الفصل الثالث حسب المنهج الجديد 2024 الاستاذ عقيل الخفاجي1

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Copyright:

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‫حلـول االسئـلـة الـوزاريـة‬

‫من ( ‪ ) 2013‬اىل ( ‪ / 2023‬الدور الثبلث )‬

‫راجـع اخطـائـك قبـل فـوات االوان فـان مسـتقبلـك االن بيـن‬

‫الفصـل الثـالـث ‪ /‬االتـزان االيـىني ‪Ionic Equilibrium‬‬

‫‪119‬‬ ‫االتـزان االيـىنـي‬

‫شاردة بروظذتد ( ‪ / 2020‬د‪) 1‬‬

‫‪HF‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪F-1‬‬

‫‪120‬‬ ‫االتـزان االيـىنـي‬

‫‪HCN‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪CN-‬‬

‫ط ‪ٍ /‬ب اىيشق ث‪ ِٞ‬اىَ٘اد االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ز‪ٞ‬خ ٗاىَ٘اد غ‪ٞ‬ش االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ز‪ٞ‬خ ؟ ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪ 2‬د‬

‫ط ‪ٍ /‬ب اىيشق ث‪ ِٞ‬االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬زبد اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ٗاالىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬زبد اىعؼ‪ٞ‬يخ ؟ ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪ 1‬د‬

‫‪121‬‬ ‫االتـزان االيـىنـي‬

‫ط ‪ْٕ /‬بك صالصخ فئبد ٍِ اىَ٘اد االىنزشٗى‪ٞ‬ز‪ٞ‬خ اىق٘‪ٝ‬خ ‪ ,‬ػذدٕب ؟ ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪3‬‬

‫ط ‪ /‬ػذد اىؼ٘اٍو اىَؤصشح ف‪ ٜ‬اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ؟ ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪2‬‬

‫‪122‬‬ ‫االتـزان االيـىنـي‬

‫ط ‪ٗ /‬ظؼ رأص‪ٞ‬ش ابط اىٖ‪ٞ‬ذسٗع‪ ْٜٞ‬ػي‪ ٚ‬اىزٗثبّ‪ٞ‬خ ؟‬

‫‪123‬‬ ‫االتـزان االيـىنـي‬

‫‪124‬‬ ‫االتـزان االيـىنـي‬

‫فراغات املسائل الرياضي‬

‫‪Ca(OH)2‬‬ ‫‪Ca+2 + 2OH-‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪125‬‬ ‫االتـزان االيـىنـي‬

‫‪X2 = 36‬‬ ‫‪10-12‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬

‫] ‪X = 6 10-6 mol/L = [ OH-‬‬

‫‪0.18‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪= 18‬‬ ‫‪10-6‬‬

‫‪126‬‬ ‫االتـزان االيـىنـي‬

‫االضصتروضيتات اضقويظ واضضطيفظ‬

‫=‪X‬‬ ‫‪= 0.00001 M‬‬

‫ط‪ / 2‬ئ ‪ / 2015‬د‪ 1‬خبسط‬

‫= دسعخ اىزأ‪ِٝ‬‬ ‫‪= 0.02 = 2‬‬ ‫‪10-2‬‬

‫‪127‬‬ ‫االتـزان االيـىنـي‬

‫ط‪ / 4‬ئ ‪ / 2019‬د‪2‬‬

‫=‪X‬‬ ‫‪= 0.001 M‬‬

‫ط‪ / 5‬ئ ‪ / 2020‬د‪ 3‬د‬

‫‪X2 = 38‬‬ ‫‪10-12‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬

‫‪X = 6.2‬‬ ‫] ‪10-6 mol/L = [ OH-‬‬

‫‪128‬‬ ‫االتـزان االيـىنـي‬

‫‪X2 = 38‬‬ ‫‪10-14‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬

‫‪X = 6.2‬‬ ‫] ‪10-7 mol/L = [ OH-‬‬

‫‪X2 = 49‬‬ ‫‪10-14‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬

‫‪X=7‬‬ ‫] ‪10-7 M = [ H+‬‬

‫= دسعخ اىزأ‪ِٝ‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=7‬‬ ‫‪10-4‬‬

‫‪129‬‬ ‫االتـزان االيـىنـي‬

‫‪[ H+ ] = 2(0.015) = 0.03 M = 3‬‬ ‫‪10-2 M‬‬ ‫] ‪M2 = 0.01 M = [ H+‬‬

‫‪130‬‬ ‫االتـزان االيـىنـي‬

‫‪[ H+ ] = 0.5‬‬ ‫‪10-12 M = 5‬‬ ‫‪10-13 M‬‬

‫‪X2 = 4‬‬ ‫‪10-6‬‬ ‫للطزفين√‬

‫‪X=2‬‬ ‫] ‪10-2 mol/L = [ OH-‬‬

‫ط‪ / 13‬ئ ‪ / 2017‬د‪1‬‬

‫= ‪M2‬‬ ‫‪= 0.003 M‬‬ ‫‪1.3‬‬ ‫= ‪10-10‬‬

‫‪X2 = 0.39‬‬ ‫‪ = 0.62‬للطزفين√ ‪10-12‬‬ ‫‪10-6 M‬‬

‫‪131‬‬ ‫االتـزان االيـىنـي‬

‫حدـاب ‪ & pH‬اضتخفيف‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫] ‪M2 = 0.01 M = [ H+‬‬

‫‪HCl‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Cl-‬‬

‫ط‪ / 2‬ئ ‪ / 2023‬د‪3‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪= M2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫] ‪M2 = 0.01 M = [ H+‬‬

‫‪HCl‬‬ ‫‪H+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Cl-‬‬

‫‪132‬‬ ‫االتـزان االيـىنـي‬

‫ط‪ / 3‬ئ ‪ / 2018‬رَٖ‪ٞ‬ذ‪ ٛ‬د ‪ / 2018 +‬د‪ 1‬د‬

‫‪1.3‬‬ ‫= ‪10-10‬‬ ‫‪X = 5.1‬‬ ‫] ‪10 -6 M = [ H+‬‬

‫‪pH = pH2 – pH1‬‬

‫‪133‬‬ ‫االتـزان االيـىنـي‬