17-Sep-17

‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ‬
1.00
‫ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬1 ‫ﺳﻼﯾﺪ‬

CONTROL OF
DEFLECTION

INTRODUCTION:

Why should deflection be controlled?

 Undesirable appearance.
 Uncomfortable feeling.
 Vibrations.
 Damage to finishing.
 Poor roof drainage.

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

Reinforced Concrete Design-2, Dr. Hazem

Elbakry 1
 17-Sep-17

CALCULATION OF DEFLECTION:
For a simple beam, for example:
5 wL4 w
=
384 EI Δ
The question is: Which E ? and which I ? L

1) Is it Ec for concrete? or Es for steel?

It is Ec for the transformed concrete section.

Ec = 4400 f cu w

2) Is it Icr for cracked concrete section? uncracked cracked uncracked

or Ig for uncracked concrete section?
Ig Icr Ig
It is the effective moment of inertia Ie :
M cr 3 M
Ie = ( ) I g + [ 1 - ( cr )3 ] I cr Mcr Ma
Ma Ma
R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

Calculation of Ig (uncracked section):

Ig may be calculated for concrete section only
(i.e. reinforcement is ignored).

h/2 N.A. y1
h h N.A.
h/2 y2

Calculation of Icr (cracked section):

-For deflection calculations: n=10.

x N.A. x
d d N.A.
d N.A.
x

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

Reinforced Concrete Design-2, Dr. Hazem

Elbakry 2
 17-Sep-17

Calculation of Mcr (cracking moment):

f ctr I g fc
M cr = Mcr
yt
h N.A.
yt=h/2
where: f ctr = 0.6 f cu
fctr

fc fctr
Mcr
yt
N.A. N.A.
yt
Mcr
fctr fc

Note:
If Ma ≤ Mcr , then Ie=Ig

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

T and L sections:

For deflection calculations of T and L sections, the flange width

is taken equal to half the value previously considered in stress
calculations.
i.e. for T-section: B=b+8t or B=b+L2/10

Continuous members:
Ie2 Ie3 Ie2

Ie1 Ie1

Ie=0.5Ie1+0.25(Ie2+Ie3) Ie=0.75Ie1+0.25Ie2

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

Reinforced Concrete Design-2, Dr. Hazem

Elbakry 3
 17-Sep-17

LONG TERM DEFLECTION:

Concrete creep and
shrinkage cause additional w=wDL+wLL
long term deflection.
Δi=ΔDL+ΔLL
A's
 = 2 - 1.2 ( ) ≥0.6
Δcreep=αΔDL
As
 = 2 (for singly reinforced sections)
where: As=area of tensile reinforcement
A’s=area of compression reinforcement

Δtotal = Δi + Δcreep
Δtotal = (ΔDL + ΔLL )+ α ΔDL

Δtotal = (1+α) ΔDL + ΔLL

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

ECP 203 PERMISSIBLE DEFLECTION:

1) The total deflection of members in ordinary buildings due to
all loads including long term deflection should not exceed the
following values:

Δtotal ≤ L/250 (for beams and slabs)

Δtotal ≤ L/450 (for cantilevers)

2) For members supporting non-structural elements not likely to

be damaged by deflection, the immediate deflection due to live
loads should not exceed the following value:

ΔLL ≤ L/360 (for beams and slabs)

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

Reinforced Concrete Design-2, Dr. Hazem

Elbakry 4
 17-Sep-17

ECP 203 PERMISSIBLE DEFLECTION:

3) For members supporting non-structural elements likely to be
damaged by deflection, the part of total deflection that occurs
after the execution of floor finishes and partitions due to all loads
including long term deflection should not exceed the following
value:

ΔLL+ α ΔDL ≤ L/480 (for beams and slabs)

Where: L is the distance between the inflection points for beams

and slabs or the cantilever length.
L=Lo L=0.87Lo L=0.76Lo

Lo Lo Lo

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

EXAMPLE:
For the shown simply supported wDL=15kN/m
beam subjected to uniformly wLL=5kN/m
distributed load and doesn’t carry
elements that are likely to be
damaged by deflection, check 10.00m
whether the deflection of the beam
satisfies the requirements of ECP203.
fcu=25N/mm2 , st. 360/520 2φ16
h=800

Calculate Ig
bh3 250( 800 )3 6φ22
Ig = = = 10.67 × 10 9 mm4 b=250
12 12
Calculate Mcr
f ctr = 0.6 f cu = 0.6 25 = 3 N / mm2

f ctr I g 3 × 10.67 × 10 9
M cr = = = 80 × 106 N .mm
yt ( 800 / 2 )
= 80 kN .m
R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

Reinforced Concrete Design-2, Dr. Hazem

Elbakry 5
 17-Sep-17

Calculate Ma d”=50
2 2 2φ16
wl ( 15 + 5 )( 10 ) A’s=402
Ma = = = 250 kN .m x
8 8

h=800
> Mcr N.A.

d=740
Calculate Icr
1) Position of N.A.: 6φ22
Σ moment of area @ N.A. As=2281
d’=60 b=250
x
bx + nA' s ( x - d " ) - nAs ( d - x ) = 0
2 2) Moment of inertia:
x2 bx 3
250 + 10 × 402( x - 50 ) - 10 × 2281( 740 - x ) = 0
2 I cr = + nA' s ( x - d " )2 + nAs ( d - x )2
3
x 2 + 214.6 x - 136643 = 0 250( 278 )3
= + 10 × 402( 278 - 50 )2
- 214 .6 ± ( 214.6 )2 + 4 × 136643 3
x=
2 + 10 × 2281( 740 - 278 )2
x = 278 mm
I cr = 6.87 × 10 9 mm4

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

Calculate Ie
M M
I e = ( cr )3 I g + [ 1 - ( cr )3 ] I cr
Ma Ma
80 3 80 3
=( ) × 10.67 × 10 9 + [ 1 - ( ) ] × 6.87 × 10 9
250 250
= 6.99 × 10 9 mm4

Calculate ΔDL and ΔLL

Ec = 4400 f cu = 4400 25 = 22000 N / mm2

5 wDL L4 5( 15 )( 10000 )4
DL = = = 12.7 mm
384 Ec I e 384( 22000 )( 6.99 × 10 9 )
5 wLL L4 5( 5 )( 10000 )4
LL = = = 4.2 mm
384 Ec I e 384( 22000 )( 6.99 × 10 9 )

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

Reinforced Concrete Design-2, Dr. Hazem

Elbakry 6
 17-Sep-17

Calculate Δtotal
A's 402
  2 - 1.2( )  2 - 1.2( )  1.79  0.6 O.K.
As 2281
total  (1   ) DL   LL  (1  1.79)12.7  4.2  39.6 mm

Check permissible deflection

L/250 = 10000/250 = 40 mm
(Δtotal =39.6mm) < L/250 O.K.

L/360 = 10000/360 = 28 mm
(ΔLL =4.2mm) < L/360 O.K.

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

Reinforced Concrete Design-2, Dr. Hazem

Elbakry 7