Check of the Safety of the steel beam

when supporting Dead Load alone

• The Steel beam should be checked to carry

the D.L alone.

• Dead load includes the weight of R.C slab and

the Own weight of the Steel beam.
 Steps
(1) wu = 1.4 D.L
Muact = wu L²/8 for simply supported beam

(2) Let Cfl + Cw = Tfl + Tw

Cfl = ( bfl1 tfl1) fy / γa

Tfl = ( bfl2 tfl2) fy / γa
Cw = ( x - tfl1) tw fy / γa
Tw = ( hs – x - tfl2) tw fy / γa

• Solving the previous equation to obtain x

(3) Mn = - Cw x e1 + Tw x e2 + Tfl x e3

e1 = (x - tfl1)/ 2 + tfl1 /2 = x / 2
e2 = (hs – x - tfl2) /2 + x - tfl1/2
e3 = hs - tfl1/2 - tfl2/ 2

(4) Mu = 0.85 Mn
If Muact ≤ Mu

• Then Steel section alone is capable of supporting

the D.L
 If the steel section is symmetrical
about x – axis
• The P.N.A coincides with the C.G of the steel
section.
 Method (1)
Cs = Ts = (As / 2) (fy / γa)

Get C.G of the T-sec

e = distance between
the two C.Gs of the
two T-sections

Mn = Cs x e = Ts x e
 Method (2)
Cfl = Tfl = bfl x tfl x fy / γa
Cw = Tw = (tw hw /2 ) (fy / γa)

e1 = hs - tfl
e2 = hw / 2

Mn = Cfl x e1 + Cw x e2
= Tfl x e1 + Tw x e2
 Example
Given:
Simply supported shored beam
Span = 18.0 m
Spacing = 2.0 m
Thick. Of R.C slab = 16 cm
tr = 7.5, tc = 8.5 cm
Steel 52 is used
Loading:
D.L = 0.6 t/m2
L.L = 0.4 t/m2
Superimposed load = 0.2 t/m2
Required:
Check the safety of the beam section
Properties of IPE 600:
As = 156 cm2, hs = 60 cm, bf = 22 cm, tf = 1.9 cm,
tw = 1.2 cm

(1) Check of compactness:

dw/tw = (60 – 2 x 1.9)/1.2 = 47
127/√Fy = 127/√3.6 = 67 > dw/tw O.K
Section is compact
(2) Effective width Be:
Be ≤ Span/4 = 1800/4 = 450 cm
Be ≤ Spacing = 200 cm
Taken Be = 200 cm

(3) Loading:
WD.L = (0.6 + 0.2) x 2 = 1.6 t/m'
WL.L = 0.4 x 2 = 0.8 t/m'
Wu = 1.2(1.6) + 1.6(0.8) = 3.2 t/m'
Muact = 3.2(18)2/8 = 129.6 t.m
 (4)Check the safety of Steel beam to support
D.L alone:

WD.L = 0.6 x 2 = 1.2 t/m’

Wu = 1.4 (1.2) = 1.68 t/m'

Muact = 1.68(18)2/8
= 68.04 t.m
Cfl = Tfl = (bfl tfl) fy/1.1 = 22 x 1.9 x 3.6/1.1 = 136.8 t

Cw = Tw = [(As – 2Afl)/2] x fy/1.1 = [(156 – 2 x 22 x

1.9)/2] x 3.6/1.1 = 118.47 t

Mn = Cfl x e1 + Cw x e2
= 136.8(60 – 1.9) + 118.47(56.2/2) = 11277 t.cm
= 112.8 t.m

Mu = Ø Mn = 0.85(112.8) = 95.86 t.m > Muact =

68.04 t.m O.K
(5)Calculation of Moment of Resistance for the
composite section:
Let x = tc
Cc = 0.447 Fcu Be tc = 0.447 x 0.3 x 200 x 8.5 = 228 t
Ts = (fy/1.1) x As = (3.6/1.1) x 156 = 510.5 t
Tw = tw (hs – 2 tfl) (fy/1.1)
= 1.2(60 – 2 x 1.9)(3.6/1.1) = 220.7 t

Tw < Cc < Ts
Therefore P.N.A lies in Steel Flange
• Cc = 228 t
• Cfl1 = (bfl1)(x)fy/1.1 = 22 (x)(3.6/1.1) = 72 x
• Tfl1 = (tfl1 – x)(bfl1) fy/1.1
= (1.9 – x)(22)(3.6/1.1) = 72(1.9 – x)
= 136.8 – 72 x
• Tw = (hw x tw) fy/1.1
= (60 – 2 x 1.9) x 1.2 x 3.6/1.1
= 56.2 x 1.2 x 3.6/1.1 = 220.7 t
• Tfl2 = (bfl2 x tfl2) fy/1.1
= ( 22 x 1.9) x 3.6/1.1 = 136.8 t
Cc + Cfl1 = Tfl1 + Tw + Tfl2
228 + 72 x = 136.8 – 72 x + 220.7 + 136.8
144 x = 266.3
x = 1.85 cm

Cfl1 = 72 x = 72(1.85) = 133.2 t

Tfl1 = 136.8 – 72 x = 136.8 – 72(1.85) = 3.6 t
e1 = x/2 + tr + tc /2
= 1.85/2 + 7.5 + 8.5/2 = 12.68 cm
e2 = (tfl - x)/2 + x + tr + tc /2
= (1.9 – 1.85)/2 + 1.85 + 7.5 + 8.5/2
= 13.62 cm
e3 = hw /2 + tfl1 + tr + tc /2
= 56.2/2 + 1.9 + 7.5 + 8.5/2 = 41.75 cm
e4 = (hs – tfl2 /2) + tr + tc /2
= (60 – 1.9/2) + 7.5 + 8.5/2 = 70.8 cm
Mn = - Cfl1 x e1 + Tfl1 x e2 + Tw x e3 + Tfl2 x e4
= - 133.2 (12.68) + 3.6(13.62) + 220.7(41.75)
+ 136.8(70.8)
= 17260 t.cm = 172.6 t.m

Mu = 0.85 Mn
= 0.85(172.6)
= 146.71 t.m > Muact = 129.6 t.m O.K
Thank you