Homework 4 (Corrosion)

1. An electrochemical cell consists of a copper standard half-cell and a zinc

standard half-cell. Using the standard half-cell reactions given below, answer the
following questions.

Oxidation - Reduction
า EoG
&

>Reduction
-ก >Oxidation
&
ค่
 En Ecu EN
1.1. Oxidation reaction occurs at which electrode? Explain the reason for your
answer.

#" า อยก า งเ ดoxidationไ ายก า

1.2. Reduction reaction occurs at which electrode? Explain the reason for your
answer.

า
ม ากก า งเ ด
Reductionไ าย ก า
น้
จึ
ง่
นี้มี
จึ
ง่
กิ
กิ
ด้
ว่
ด้
ว่
ค่
มี
ค่
ว่
ว่
 1.3. Which electrode is gaining its mass and why?

Cu Cutt +ge' , Cu gains mass บ ท ใ มวล

Ni Nitt +22 - < Ni

เ ม เ นดReductionreaction
1.4. Which electrode is losing mass and why?

En &U >In 2 + + ge
loses mass าย ท ใ มวล

ลดลง เ ด oxidation reaction

Al Al >Alt + set
วิ
รั
กิ
กิ
ำ
ำ
พิ่
ห้
ห้
ขึ้
จ่
1.5. Which electrode is the cathode and which electrode is the anode and why?
Oxidation <Anode >
EnsAl
Reduction >Cathode >
Cn, Ni

1.6. What is the potential of this electrochemical cell?

Estell = Eathod - anode ·-

=Ecu En
·

= EN- EL = 0.34- 1- 0.761

=+ 1.1
=- 0.250 - (- 1.662) = 1.412 V
2. What are the 4 components that must be present in any corrosion cell?
 3. Using the Galvanic series given below, identify the corroding metal when two
metals are touching each other in a corrosive environment.

3.1. Zinc and iron 3.3. Steel and magnesium

3.2. Copper and Steel 3.4. Aluminum alloys and Tin

3.5. Lead and 316 stainless steel

Lead ดก อน ายก า516 Stainless steel (Passivel

Lead ดก อนยาก ก า316stainless steelcactive)

ง่
กั
ว่
ว่
ร่
กั
ร่
 Homework 5 (Phase diagram)
1) On a very cold night, the temperature was -10 °C. To prevent accidents
due to cars slipping in icy roads, salt is spread on the roads to melt the ice.
Explain why this happens. (*hint, talk about phase changes that occur).

เ ด การ เป ยนเนสจาก

Ice + liquid( brines a

liquidibrine)

เก อ วย ลด ดเ อกแ ง
>
/

~13

H2O–NaCl phase diagram

น้
จุ
ช่
กิ
ำ
ลี่
ยื
ลื
ข็
 2) At what temperature is salt no longer
useful in causing ice to melt?

Temp ก า - ดาว เพราะ เ ด ง iceและ salt

3) Determine the solubility limit of

%
salt in water at -10 °C
~21
25 NaCl
~ 25
75 % H20
H2O–NaCl phase diagram
กิ
ทั้
ต่
ำ
ว่
 4) Specify the number of Phase and Degrees of
freedom for 10 wt% NaCl – 90 wt% H2O at-5°C,
-15°C,and -25°C
Temp number of phase( P)
Degree of freedom ( F)
-5 -
1 ( L) 3- 1:
2
-

-15
2 lice + 1) 3- 2 = 1
-15 -
-25 2 lice+salt) 3- 2 = 1

-25 ->
P+F = c + N =2 IT, P
F= C+N-D N
== 1 (T)
=2 + 1 - P
C = 2 (H 0, NaCI
H2O–NaCl phase diagram
D
=3 - 2
 ~ 2200

~1900

2200

1900
 2= 40Wt% V
%

&
 *

Vagantov
HEV-SSWtOU
 %

10%. V

SWtOU
-

L=IWtiV
BHf:
 *

~22 เป

BHf= 8WEOU
~

HfUL=34ht: V
2= 40Wt% V
HfVc = 38WtoV , V-925t V

BHf=
GWt U , L=14Wt% V
BHf= 8WE cV, HfV2=34Wt: V
1450
Hf
PHf + V2
1190
" GHfEHfV2
&

I
wish to U

~Chto V
18Wt oV 1450

6ht'. U 3190
 sout: Sn
8) A lead–tin (Pb-Sn) alloy composed of 70 wt% Pb is
slowly cooled from 300 °C to 100 °C
a. At what temperature does the first solid phase form?

+= 260
What is the composition (wt% Sn) of the solid phase at
temperature slightly lower?

w to Sh
=
260
composition: 13
b. Approximately what temperature does complete
solidification of the alloy occur?

=185 ก าTemp
~

StB
c. What is the composition of the last liquid remaining
slightly prior to complete solidification?

=61.9Wt Sn

~13Wto Sn
นี้
ต่
ำ
ว่
 9) Draw the microstructures of Pb-Sn Alloy 1 (61.9 wt%
Sn) and Alloy 2 (40 wt% Sn) that we can observe at room
temperature if both alloys were cooled in equilibrium
state.

Alloy 1

alloy 2 /

alloy1

Alloy 2
 10) For a 500 g sample of lead–tin alloy of eutectic composition,
a. Determine the amount and composition of each phase immediately after the eutectic
reaction has been completed.
97.8.61.9
B G =18.3 Sh Wa = =0.45 ( 450)
=97.8 SU 97.8- 18.3
& ·

2= 18.3 Sn 61.9 =97.8 SU

entectic 1 - 0.45 = 0.55 ( 550)
Up =
b. Calculate the mass of phases present.
โลหะห ก 500g.

ma= Wax500g. = 0.45x500:225 9.

M3=
/ Wpx500g. = 0.55x500:275 9.
c. Calculate the masses of lead and tin in each phase.
6 - Ma >Massu = 0.183xMa = 0.183.225:41.17 9.
Sn= 18. 3W Maspb : Ma- Ma, Sh: 225- 41.17:183.83 9.
t

B
MB
7
>My, Sn = 0.978 Ma = 0.978 x275:268.95 9.
x

In = 97.8Wt' MB, Pb : Ma- Ma, Sh: 275-268.9 = 6.05 9.

นั
 11) The microstructure of a lead–tin alloy at 180°C consists of primary β and eutectic structures.
If the mass fractions of primary β and eutectic structures are 0.4 and 0.6, respectively,
determine the composition of the alloy.

เป ยนแปลง
Wprimary B = 0.4 assume Uprimary B Temp ไ
Wentectic = 0.6 Wprimary p: X - 61.9 = 0.4
97.8 - 61.9
enlectic
Hyper- X = 76.26 Wt · Sn

Li61.9 Sn) p197.8 Sn)

*
ลี่
ม่
 12) A steel contains 20% cementite and 80% ferrite at room
temperature. Estimate the carbon content of the steel. Is the
steel hypoeutectoid or hypereutectoid?

WFes ) = 0.20 = 1- 0.008

6.67- 0.00 บ

X =1.3404Wt

hyperentectoid
~RT

~ 1.34Wt's
 13) For an Fe - 1.5% C alloy, determine

a. the temperature at which austenite first begins to

transform on cooling from 1000°C

Temp = 910

b. the composition and amount of each phase present at

1000 724°C 6.67- 1.5:0.885
Fey2 U W=
6.67- 0.83 ( 88.5%
010.83) 1.5 Fex26.67C)
-2724 WFes 2= 1 - 0.885 = 0.175
(11.500
-1722
c. the composition and amount of each phase present at
722°C
Fest G W = 6.67 - 1.5 - 0.77 8
G
6.67- 0.025 ( 77.82
&10.02552) 15 Feb216.67C)
WFes C= 1- 0.778 =0.222
122.200