Gurlnc Ockonm Fn`to Jnrknso, 62>1, OO(6), mnc.

81-98 81

NLNCOTOT @NLHYLANL TIL_NQN @CEVNKJILO@EC RNHN TIHONNL

XIXIT KNXN TNKRIC LNKN HNANLA HO @EXN RNCIKFNLA
HILANL KIXEHI @VEKNXEAVNJO DNOV @OLIVGN XOLAAO
> 6 4
Knuozntuc Mnsnlnm , Fuho Yltnro , Dolton Njroconlto
>,4
TXOJO Fmn`to Rirtowo Rncikfnla Gc. Nroehoccnm OOO Le.66N Rncikfnla
6
T-> Jnrknso, Ylovirsotns Trowognyn, Olhrncnyn, Eanl Ocor, Tuksic
i-knoc 7 >knuozntucmnsnlnmBaknoc.dek

NFTXVN@

Xicnm hocn`u`nl pilicotonl nlncosos `nhnr `cernkjilo`ec pnhn sihonnl titis kntn snkpic lnkn
hnanla ynla hogunc ho npeti` `etn Rncikfnla hilanl kitehi `rekntearnjo dnor `olirgn tolaao
(@D@X). Xugunl pilicotonl olo nhncnm ultu` kilaitnmuo `isisunonl `nhnr `cernkjilo`ec hncnk
sihonnl titis kntn sidnrn `rekntearnjo dnor `olirgn tolaao (@D@X) pnhn jnsi tirfnco` hilanl
hiti`ter uctrnvoecit pnhn pnlgnla aicekfnla 614,8 lk. Jnsi honk ynla hoauln`nl nhncnm `ecek
D>=, jnsi airn` kitnlec7cnrutnl nsnk nsitnt acnsonc 2,>% (19769) hilanl cngu ncor >,2 kc/kilot.
Rililtunl colinrotns hilanl `urvn fn`u kilulgu``nl mufulanl ynla coloir nltnrn cuns puldn` hnl
fn`u `cernkjilo`ec hilanl `elsiltrnso 9-69 ka/C (r;2,??=). Rirsnknnl riariso ynla hopirecim
nhncnm _;4?262,?6x + >?:6?:. Ygo prisoso kikfiro`nl mnsoc locno `eijosoil vnronso sifisnr :,2?%.
Locno cokot ej hitidtoel (CEH) sifisnr >,8?62 ka/C hnl locno cokot ej qunltotntoel (CE^) sifisnr
8,?148 ka/C. Ygo n`urnso kikfiro`nl mnsoc locno pirsil pirecimnl sifisnr >22,1>%. Mnsoc
pilitnpnl `nhnr `cernkjilo`ec hncnk sihonnl titis kntn oncnm snkpic N, F, hnl D sifisnr
>22,19%, >26,:8%, >29,6?%. Firhnsnr`nl pilaugonl, snkpic titis kntn hilanl `rotiron mnran hnl
vecuki kikilumo pirsynrntnl ynla tirtirn pnhn Jnrkn`epi Olhelison ihoso Z.

@ntn @uldo7 @cernkjilo`ec, `rekntearnjo dnor `olirgn tolaao (@D@X), titis kntn.

RILHNMYCYNL u`ur `uncotns efnt. Tihonnl efnt ynla

fir`uncotns fno` n`nl kikfiro`nl iji`
@cernkjilo`ec kirupn`nl sncnm sntu jnrkn`eceaolyn go`n sisuno hilanl `nhnr ynla
nltofoeto` ynla firsojnt fn`tiroestnto` (Xgny ticnm hotiltu`nl. Rirsynrntnl `nhnr

hnl
titis Vnmnrhgn, 62>2). @cernkjilo`ec
kntn hncnk sihonnl
pirnwntnl i`stirlnc
hoauln`nl ultu` kilaefnto `elgulatovotos
fn`tiro (Voknwo hnl @mnrenj, 62>>). Hocomnt
hnro stru`turlyn, ulsur ici`treliantojnl
`cernkjilo`ec firsojnt pecnr, simolaan hnpnt
hoposnm`nl hilanl kitehi `rekntearnjo dnor
`olirgn tolaao pnhn jnsi tirfnco`.
@cernkjile`oc guan kikoco`o auaus `rekejer
simolaan hnpnt honlncosos ecim hiti`ter YZ
(Dellers, >??6).
Ylhnla-ulhnla Leker 4: tnmul 622?
pnhn pnsnc >29 nynt > tiltnla @isimntnl
kilgicns`nl fnmwn efnt hnl fnmnl fn`u efnt
mnrus kikilumo synrnt Jnrkn`epi Olhelison
ntnu fu`u stnlhnr cnol (_uhmeyele, 622?).
Rirsynrntnl `nhnr kirupn`nl sncnm sntu tecn`
`cernkjilo`ec
kilanlhula tohn` sihonnl
`urnlatitis
hnro kntn
?2,2%ynotu
hnl
tohn` cifom hnro >42,2%
>42,2% gukcnm ynla ynla tirtirn
pnhn ito`it (@ikil`is VO, 62>8).
Rilitnpnl `nhnr `cernkjilo`ec hotiltu`nl
hilanl fifirnpn kitehi ynotu sidnrn totrnso
fifns nor, lotrokitro, frekekitro,
nrailtekitro, hnl vecukitro. Rilitnpnl `nhnr
titis kntn `cernkjilo`ec hnpnt hocn`u`nl
sidnrn `rekntearnjo dnor `olirgn tolaao
(@D@X) (@ikil`is VO, 62>8).
Rilicotonl Tuauln h`` (62>9) tiltnla
pilitnpnl `nhnr `cernkjilo`ec kilaauln`nl
kitehi Tpi`trejetekitro YZ-Zosofci. Kitehi
olo hocn`u`nl ultu` pilitnpnl `nhnr
`cernkjilo`ec titnpo `urnla kikilumo
`rotiron pnrnkitir vncohnso kitehi nlncosn go`n

Knuozntuc Mnsnlnm h``

8= Gurlnc Ockonm Fn`to Jnrknso, 62>1, OO(6), mnc. 81-98

hofnlhola`nl hilanl kitehi @D@X. Tpi`trejetekitro YZ-Zos (Tmoknhzu >122)0

Rilicotonl ynla hocn`u`nl ecim Rnsro (62>2) syrolai (TAI)0 hnl ncnt-ncnt aicns (sipirto
fnmwn pilitnpnl `nhnr `cernkjilo`ec hncnk cnfu u`ur, aicns u`ur, ircilkiyir, popit u`ur,
sihonnl `npsuc kilaauln`nl kitehi @D@X hnl fin`ir acnss)
acnss) (Cnkpornl 8)0 hnl
kikfiro`nl mnsoc n`urnso hnl prisoso hilanl tokfnlanl nlncoto`.
pirsil pirecimnl `ikfnco ; ??,1>% hnl VTH
; 2,=24>%, sirtn kikilumo pirsynrntnl `nhnr Fnmnl
ynla hotitnp`nl Jnrkn`epi Olhelison ihoso @cernkjilo`ec fn`u (Lnlgola Fnogolayu
OZ (>??9), hilanl hiko`onl kitehi olo hnpnt Rmnrkndiutodnc) hnro RX. Olhejnrkn0 titis
hoauln`nl ultu` pilitnpnl `nhnr kntn `cernkjilo`ec lnkn hnanla0 kitnlec
`cernkjilo`ec hncnk sihonnl `npsuc. (arnhi MRCD)0 kitnlec p.n (jer nlncysos)0
nlncysos)0
@rekntearnjo dnor `olirgn tolaao kikoco`o nqunfohist0 nsnk nsitnt acnsonc)0 hnl `irtns
fnlyn` `icifomnl nltnrn cnol knkpu wmntknl.
kikosnm`nl keci`uc-keci`uc suntu
dnkpurnl, kuhnm kicn`snln`nllyn, Rresihur
`idipntnl nlncosos hnl `ipi`nnl ynla tolaao,
hnpnt homolhnro tirgnholyn Rilankfocnl Tnkpic Xitis Kntn
hi`ekpesoso/`irusn`nl fnmnl ynla honlncosos,
risecuso ynla fno`, hnpnt hoauln`nl Rilankfocnl snkpic titis kntn
firkndnk-kndnk hiti`ter, `ecek hnpnt `cernkjilo`ec firhnsnr`nl `rotiron vecuki

hoauln`nl `ikfnco, sirtn kuhnm hncnk hnl `nhnr snkpic. Tnkpic tirsifut hopirecim
kicn`u`nl –snkpci rideviry‛
rideviry‛ ((Rutrn,
Rutrn, 6228). toan `icekpe` titis kntn `cernkjilo`ec lnkn
Tificuk kicn`u`nl pilitnpnl `nhnr hnanla ynla tirhnpnt hnro npeti` ho `etn
`cernkjilo`ec hocn`u`nl vncohnso ultu` Rncikfnla ynla kikoco`o `nlhulanl sitnrn
kilgnkol kitehi nlncosos ynla n`urnt, hilanl 92 ka.
spisojo`, riprehusofic, hnl tnmnl pnhn `osnrnl
nlncot ynla n`nl honlncosos. Tuntu kitehi R r ipnr nso C nr utn
utnl O lh
lhu`
u` F n`u
nlncosos mnrus hovncohnso ultu` kicn`u`nl @ cer
cer nkjilo`ec
lo `ec
virojo`nso fnmwn pnrnkitir-pnrnkitir
`olirgnlyn knkpu kilantnso prefcik Hotokfnla si`snkn `cernkjilo`ec fn`u
nlncosos. Rnrnkitir vncohnso kitehi ynotu sifnlyn` 62 ka, hoknsu``nl `i hncnk cnfu
n`urnso, prisoso, colinrotns, fntns hiti`so, fntns u`ur >22 kc. Hoildir`nl hilanl kitnlec p.n
`unltojo`nso, spisojo`nso, coloirotns hnl riltnla snkpno tnlhn simolaan hopirecim cnrutnl
(Anlhgnr hnl Vemknl, 6221). Zncohnso olhu` `cernkjilo`ec hilanl `elsiltrnso 622
tirmnhnp suntu kitehi nlncosos kilgnho jn`ter ka/C.
piltola `nriln mnlyn kitehi nlncosos ynla
hofu`to`nl vncohnsolyn, mnsoc pilau`urnllyn Rililtunl Rnlgnla Aicekfnla Kn`sokuk
hopirtnlaaula gnwnf`nl (Tuaomnrtolo h``, @ cer
cer nkjilo`ec
lo `ec K
Kiilaauln
laa uln`nl
`nl
62>8). Zncohnso ucnla pircu hocn`u`nl Tpi
Tp i`treje
`trejettekitro YZ -Zo
-Z o s
kis`opul vncohnso sificuklyn kilamnsoc`nl
hntn ynla sisuno (Levoynlte h``, 62>8). Hopopit sifnlyn` >,2 kc cnrutnl olhu`
fn`u `cernkjilo`ec ho knsu``nl `i hncnk
cnfu u`ur >2 kc, hoildir`nl hilanl kitnlec
KIXEHI RILICOXONL p.n snkpno anros tnlhn hosnrola kilaauln`nl
`irtns wmntknl simolaan hopirecim
Ncnt `elsiltrnso 62 ka/C. Hou`ur kilaauln`nl
spi`trejetekitro YZ-Zos pnhn riltnla

8=: @rekntearnjo Dnor @olirgn

tulnfci nfserfnldi Xolaao
hitidter, (Qntir
wntir :22 pnlgnla
pnlgnla aicekfnla
aicekfnla 642-422 lk.hnro
kn`sokuk Hopirecim
`urvn
deltreccir, wntir :6: pukp, `ecek D >=)0 sirnpnl ynla homnsoc`nl.

Knuozntuc Mnsnlnm h``

 Gurlnc Ockonm Fn`to Jnrknso, 62>1, OO(6), mnc. 81-98
Rr ipnr nso J nsi A ir n`
Tifnlyn` 422 kc kitnlec arnhi MRCD
hosnrola hilanl kilaauln`nl `irtns
wmntknl hoknsu``nl `i hncnk wnhnm jnsi
airn` hnl sifnlyn` 422 kc cnrutnl nsnk
nsitnt acnsonc 2,>% (v/v) hosnrola hilanl
kilaauln`nl `irtns wmntknl hoknsu``nl `i
hncnk wnhnm jnsi airn` ynla firfihn.
Rilyonpnl Ncnt @rekntearnjo Dnor @olirgn
Xolaao
Knsola-knsola ulot hontur pnhn ncnt
@rekntearnjo Dnor @olirgn Xolaao (@D@X).
@ecek ynla hoauln`nl nhncnm `ecek D >=.
Hiti`ter YZ hnl pekpn hontur firhnsnr`nl
pnlgnla aicekfnla kn`sokuk ynla ticnm ho
pirecim sihnla`nl kitehi ncornl titnp pnhn
cngu ncornl >,2 kc/kilot. Rirfnlholanl jnsi
airn` kitnlec hnl cnrutnl nsnk nsitnt acnsonc
2,> % (19769) v/v. Titicnm hopirecim `elhoso
ynla sisuno, pekpn hogncnl`nl hnl jnsi airn`
hofonr`nl kilancor sicnkn 42 kilot snkpno
hopirecim anros ncns hntnr pnhn keloter, kn`n
hnro otu kilnlhn`nl fnmwn sostik ticnm stnfoc
(Mnkhnlo h``, 62>8).
R ikfun
untn
tnl
l @ ur
urvn
vn @ ncof
co fr nso @ cer
cer nkjilo`
jilo`eec
Yltu` kikfunt siro `elsiltrnso 90 >20 >90
620 69 ka/C, hopopit sifnlyn` 2,69 kc0 2,9
kc0 2,19 kc0 >,2 kc, >,69 kc hnro cnrutnl
olhu` `cernkjilo`ec pnhn `elsiltrnso 622
ka/C. Knsola-knsola hoknsu``nl `i hncnk
cnfu u`ur >2 kc, hoildir`nl hilanl kitnlec
p.n,, ho`ede` hnl hotnrn snkpno tnlhn fntns
p.n
cncu hosnrola kilaauln`nl `irtns wmntknl.
Knsola-knsola `elsiltrnso hoolgi`so`nl
sifnlyn` 62 ¹c hilanl cngu ncor >,2 kc/kilot
`i hncnk sostik @D@X pnhn pnlgnla
aicekfnla kn`sokuk simolaan hopirecim
wn`tu ritilso, cuns nrin hnl tolaao nrin.
Hodntnt sikun hntn ynla hotulgu``nl pnhn
`rekntearnk. Hntn `rekntearnk ynla
hopirecim sicnlgutlyn hofunt `urvn `ncofrnso
hilanl kildnro mufulanl nltnrn `elsiltrnso
(]) hilanl
`ikuhonl cuns nrinpirsnknnl
hotiltu`nl `rekntearnk (_) hnl
riarisolyn (y
; nx+f).
8?
Z ncohn
nco hnso
so kiteh
tehi
i
Zncohnso kitehi hocn`u`nl kicoputo ugo
colinrotns, ugo prisoso, CEH hnl CE^ (Iho,
622=), hnl ugo n`urnso (Tnro hnl Ytnko, 622?).
Ygo colinrotns hopirecim hnro `urvn `ncofrnso
hilanl pirsnknnl anros ] (`elsiltrnso) hnl
_ (`rekntearnk) ynotu hnro siro `elsiltrnso
90 >20 >90 620 69 ka/C. Rirsnknnl anros ynla
hopirecim sicnlgutlyn hotiltu`nl hirngnt
colinrotnslyn kicncuo `eijosoil riariso (y ;
nx+f) hnl `eijosoil `ecirnso (r).
Rilitnpnl @nhnr Tnkpic @cernkjilo`ec
Hopopit knsola-knsola >2 kc efnt titis
kntn `cernkjilo`ec ynla sitnrn hilanl 92 ka
hnro snkpic N, F hnl D, hoknsu``nl `i
hncnk cnfu u`ur 692 kc, hoildir`nl hilanl
kitnlec p.n snkpno tnlhn fntns. Hnro cnrutnl
snkpic `ikuhonl hopopit sifnlyn` 6,9 kc
hoknsu``nl `i hncnk cnfu u`ur 69 kc,
hoildir`nl hilanl kitnlec p.n snkpno tnlhn
fntns, `ikuhonl hosnrola hilanl `irtns
wmntknl simolaan hopirecim cnrutnl
`elsiltrnso 62 ka/C. Hoolgi`so`nl sifnlyn`
62 ¹c `i hncnk sostik @D@X hilanl cngu ncor
>,2 kc/kilot hnl hohiti`so pnhn pnlgnla
aicekfnla kn`sokuk. @nhnr `cernkjilo`ec
homotula kilaauln`nl `urvn `ncofrnso ynla
ticnm hofunt
Nlncosos Hntn
Nlncosos vncohotns kitehi ho`itnmuo hnro
fifirnpn pnrnkitir ugo, ynotu7 ugo colinrotns
ynla hohnpnt`nl hnro riariso coloir simolaan
kilulgu``nl mufulanl cuns nrin hilanl
riltnla siro `elsiltrnso 90 >20 >90 620 69
ka/C. Titicnm otu hocn`u`nl ugo prisoso ultu`
kicomnt locno stnlhnr hivonso hnl ricntoj
stnlhnr hivonso. Cncu pililtunl fntns hiti`so
(cokot ej hitidtoel,
hitidtoel, CEH) hnl fntns `unltotnso
(cokot ej qunltotntoel,
qunltotntoel, CE^) ynla homotula
sidnrn stntosto` kicncuo pirsnknnl riariso
coloir hnro `urvn `ncofrnso. @ikuhonl
hocn`u`nl ugo n`urnso ynla hohnpnt`nl hnro
pirfnlholanl cnrutnl
pilnkfnmnl cuns nrinolhu`
c nrutnl622
cnrutnl snkpic
ka/Chilanl
hnl
tnlpn pilnkfnmnl cnrutnl olhu` 622 ka/C
Knuozntuc Mnsnlnm h``
92 Gurlnc Ockonm Fn`to Jnrknso, 62>1, OO(6), mnc. 81-98
ynla hoauln`nl ultu` kilamotula pirsil
pirecimnl `ikfnco. Mnsoc hofunt hncnk filtu`
tnfic.
Cnrutnl olhu` fn`u `cernkjilo`ec
ynla honlncosos kilaauln`nl
spi`trejetekitro YZ-Zos ultu` kildnro
pnlgnla aicekfnla kn`sokuk hnl `urvn
`ncofrnso. Hnro cnrutnl olhu` `cernkjilo`ec
622 ka/C hofunt siro `elsiltrnso 90 >20 >90
620 69 ka/C. Hnro knsola-knsola siro
`elsiltrnso n`nl hohnpnt`nl cuns nrin ynla
n`nl hopcet kilgnho pirsnknnl riariso ultu`
kikfunt `urvn `ncofrnso ynla lnltolyn n`nl
hohnpnt`nl locno pirsnknnl riariso coloir y ;
nx + f. @ikuhonl pilitnpnl `nhnr
`cernkjilo`ec hncnk sihonnl titis kntn
homotula hilanl kilsufstotuso`nl locno y
hilanl cuns nrin hnro knsola-knsola snkpic.
MNTOC HNL RIKFNMNTNL
Tnkpic titis kntn `cernkjilo`ec
hoauln`nl firhnsnr`nl `rotiron vecuki hnl
`nhnr ynla tirhnpnt ho `etn Rncikfnla, ynotu
toan prehu` titis kntn `cernkjilo`ec lnkn
hnanla. Tificuk hocn`u`nl pilitnpnl `nhnr
kilaauln`nl `rekntearnjo dnor `olirgn tolaao
(@D@X), tircifom hnmucu hotiltu`nl pnlgnla
aicekfnla kn`sokuk hilanl kilaauln`nl
spi`trejetekitir YZ-Zos hnro cnrutnl fn`u
`cernkjilo`ec pnhn `elsiltrnso 62 ka/C hnl
kitnlec p.n sifnano fcnl`e. Timolaan
Ankfnr >. @urvn `ncofrnso cnrutnl stnlhnr `cernkjilo`
Knuozntuc Mnsnlnm h``
hopirecim pnlgnla aicekfnla kn`sokuk
sifisnr 614,8 lk hilanl nfserfnlso 2,:4=
kikfiro`nl puldn` ynla fno` hnl mnkpor
sisuno hilanl cotirntur ynla nhn. Rnhn `elhoso
pnlgnla aicekfnla kn`sokuk ynla hohnpnt
olo hoauln`nl ultu` kilanlncosn cnrutnl
stnlhnr hnl snkpic. Mnsoc pnlgnla aicekfnla
ynla hopirecim kilancnko siho`ot piraisirnl
hnro pnlgnla aicekfnla cotirntur ynotu 616
lk (Triivntsnv h``, 62>4). Rnlgnla
aicekfnla ynla hopirecim kilancnko
piraisirnl sifisnr >,8 lk simolaan hnpnt
hosifnf`nl `nriln `elhoso pilaugonl pnhn
snnt pilicotonl firfihn hilanl `elhoso
pilaugonl pnhn cotirntur. Mnc tirsifut hnpnt
kikpilanrumo nfserfnlso hnro silynwn
(Anlhgnr hnl Vemknl, 6221).
Tificuk kicn`u`nl pilitnpnl `nhnr
pircu hovncohnso tircifom hnmucu ultu`
kilgnkol hnl kikfu`to`nl fnmwn kitehi
ynla hoauln`nl hncnk pilicotonl olo
kikilumo pirsynrntnl ynla ticnm hotiltu`nl,
sisuno hilanl tugunl pilaaulnnllyn
simolaan mnsoc ynla hopirecim hnro pilicotonl
kirupn`nl mnsoc ynla fno` hnl hnpnt
hopirdnyn. Rnrnkitir ynla hoauln`nl hncnk
vncohnso kitehi pnhn pilicotonl olo nltnrn cnol
colinrotns, n`urnso, prisoso, fntns hiti`so (cokot
( cokot
ej hitidtoel,
hitidtoel, CEH) hnl fntns `unltojo`nso
(cokot ej qunltojodntoel,
qunltojodntoel, CE^), sirtn
pilitnpnl `nhnr znt n`toj `cernkjilo`ec
hncnk sihonnl titis kntn (Mnrkotn, 6228).
`cernkjilo`ec
ec
 Gurlnc Ockonm Fn`to Jnrknso, 62>1, OO(6), mnc. 81-98
Rirsnknnl `urvn `ncofrnso kilulgu``nl
mufulanl nltnrn cuns nrin hnl `elsiltrnso
cnrutnl stnlhnr. Rililtunl `urvn `ncofrnso
hofunt siro `elsiltrnso 9 ka/C0 >2 ka/C0 >9
ka/C0 62 ka/C0 hnl 69 ka/C hnro cnrutnl
fn`u `cernkjilo`ec 622 ka/C simolaan ho
pirecim pirsnknnl riariso y;4?262,?6x
y;4?262,?6x
+>?:6?: hilanl locno r;2,??=. Locno r fosn
hotirokn `nriln (r) tnfic 3 (r) motula ynotu
2,=>> 3 2,??= simolaan kikilumo synrnt ugo
colinrotns (Mnrkotn, 6228)
Rrisoso kirupn`nl u`urnl `itirucnlanl
kitehi nlncosos hnl fonsnlyn hoi`spriso`nl
sifnano ricntoj stnlhnr hivonso (VTH).
Rilaugonl pnrnkitir prisoso hocn`u`nl hilanl
tugunl kilaitnmuo `itipntnl suntu mnsoc
nlncosos pnhn `elhoso nlncosos ynla snkn
firupn pirncntnl ynla hoauln`nl, nlncos ynla
kilairgn`nl, tikpnt, hnl wn`tu picn`snlnnl.
Hnro mnsoc pilicotonl ynla ticnm hocn`u`nl
locno VTH hnro : `nco ripco`nso `elsiltrnso
`cernkjilo`ec >9 ka/C hohnpnt`nl locno TH
sifisnr 2,=1>> ka/C hnl locno VTH sifisnr
:,2? %. @rotiron si`snkn hofiro`nl go`n
kitehi kikfiro`nl locno VTH 36%. N`nl
titnpo `rotiron olo snlant jci`sofic tiranltula
pnhn `elsiltrnso nlncot ynla hopiro`sn, gukcnm
snkpic, hnl `elhoso cnfernterouk, simolaan
locno VTH 9->?% knsom hnpnt hotirokn.
Firhnsnr`nl hntn tirsifut, ho`itnmuo fnmwn
kitehi ynla hoauln`nl kikilumo
pirsynrntnl prisoso (Mnrkotn, 6228).
Rnrnkitir sicnlgutlyn ynla hougo nhncnm
fntns hiti`so (cokot ej hitidtoel,
hitidtoel, CEH) hnl
fntns `unltojo`nso (cokot ej qunltojodntoel,
CE^). Fntns hiti`so (cokot
(cokot ej qunltojodntoel,
CE^) hoauln`nl ultu` kilaitnmuo
`elsiltrnso nlncot tirilhnm hncnk suntu
snkpic ynla knsom hnpnt hohiti`so. Fntns
`unltojo`nso (cokot
(cokot ej qunltojodntoel, CE^)
hoauln`nl ultu` `unltotns nlncot tir`idoc ynla
knsom hnpnt kilamnsoc`nl pilau`urnl ynla
ticoto hnl si`snkn (Mnrkotn, 6228).
Firhnsnr`nl hntn ynla hopirecim kn`n locno
CEH ynla hohnpnt oncnm sifisnr >,8?62 ka/C,
nla`n olo kilulgu``nl fnmwn `elsiltrnso
`cernkjilo`ec tirilhnm hncnk snkpic ynla
knsom
`olirgnhnpnt
tolaaohohiti`so
hnl locnoecim
CE^ `rekntearnjo dnor
ynla hopirecim
oncnm sifisnr 8,?148 ka/C, hoknln locno
9>
tirsifut du`up kiknhno ultu` nlncosos
`uncotntoj hnl `unltotntoj `cernkjilo`ec hncnk
sihonnl titis kntn sidnrn @D@X.
Rnrnkitir sicnlgutlyn n`urnso. N`urnso
kirupn`nl `iticotonl kitehi nlncosos ntnu
`ihi`ntnl nltnrn locno tiru`ur hilanl locno
ynla hotirokn. N`urnso holyntn`nl sifnano
pirsil pirecimnl
p irecimnl `ikfnco (% rideviry
rideviry)) nlncot
ynla hotnkfnm`nl. N`urnso hnpnt ho fihn`nl
kilgnho hun kitehi ynotu kitehi sokucnso
(spo`ih pcndife rideviry)
rideviry ) hnl kitehi
pilnkfnmnl fnmnl fn`u (stnlhnrh nhhotoel
kitmeh) (Mnrkotn, 6228). Rilicotonl olo
kilaauln`nl kitehi pilnkfnmnl fnmnl
fn`u (stnlhnrh nhhotoel kitmeh) ynotu snkpic
honlncosos cncu sigukcnm cnrutnl fn`u
`cernkjilo`ec ynla hopiro`sn hotnkfnm`nl `i
hncnk snkpic hodnkpur hnl honlncosos
`ikfnco. Ticosom `ihun mnsoc hofnlhola`nl
hilanl `nhnr ynla sifilnrlyn (mnsoc ynla
homnrnp`nl). Firhnsnr`nl mnsoc pirmotulanl
hohnpnt`nl locno rntn-rntn pirsil pirecimnl
`ikfnco sifisnr >22,1> %. Mnc olo
kilulgu``nl fnmwn pirsil pirecimnl
`ikfnco hnro `itoan pilaucnlanl kikilumo
pirsynrntnl ynotu firnhn pnhn riltnla ?1->24
% (Mnrkotn, 6228).
Rilitnpnl `nhnr `cernkjilo`ec sihonnl
titis kntn hocn`u`nl hilanl kitehi
`rekntearnjo dnor `olirgn tolaao `nriln
knkpu kikosnm`nl keci`uc-keci`uc hnro
suntu dnkpurnl hilanl fno`, knkpu
kikosnm`nl znt ynla cnfoc hnl tohn` kuhnm
kilaunp, kikoco`o `idipntnl nlncosos hnl
`ipi`nnl ynla tolaao, kikoco`o risecuso ynla
fno`, hnpnt kilaauln`nl firfnano hiti`ter,
`ecek hnpnt hoauln`nl `ikfnco, hocn`u`nl
pnhn sumu `nknr, hnl kuhnm kicn`u`nl
pirecimnl `ikfnco. Xitnpo go`n snkpic ynla
honlncosos snlant `ekpci`s, kn`n risecuso
ynla fno` sucot hopirecim (Anlhgnr hnl
Vemknl, 6221).
Rilicotonl ynla hocn`u`nl ecim Tnro hnl
Ytnko (622?), fnmwn pilitnpnl `nhnr
`cernkjilo`ec hncnk sihonnl titis kntn
kilaauln`nl jnsi airn` kitnlec hnl nor
(827:2). Tihnla`nl jnsi airn` ynla
hoauln`nl
hnl cnrutnlpnhn
nsnkpilicotonl olo nhncnm
nsitnt acnsonc 2,>% kitnlec
hilanl
pirfnlholanl (19769). Ncnsnl kikocom jnsi
Knuozntuc Mnsnlnm h``
96 Gurlnc Ockonm Fn`to Jnrknso, 62>1, OO(6), mnc. 81-98

airn` tirsifut `nriln kitehi `rekntearnjo
dnor `olirgn tolaao ynla hoauln`nl pnhn jnsi
tirfnco`, hoknln jnsi honk ynla ricntoj `urnla
pecnr hofnlhola`nl jnsi airn` (`iknkpunl
icuso kilurul hilanl kilola`ntlyn pecnrotns
picnrut) hnl jnsi airn` guan hnpnt
kikpilanrumo wn`tu ritilso hnro snkpic
ynla honlncosos. Firhnsnr`nl `icnrutnllyn
`cernkjilo`ec kuhnm cnrut hncnk itnlec,
titnpo `nriln kitnlec kirupn`nl picnrut ynla
firsojnt eranlo` hnl kikoco`o locno vos`esotns
ynla cifom rilhnm hofnlhola`nl hilanl
itnlec kn`n jnsi airn` ynla hoauln`nl
nhncnm kitnlec. Kitnlec ynla hoauln`nl
mnrus arnhi MRCD nanr tohn` nhnlyn
pilaeter hncnk rinail ynla kilyifnf`nl
anlaaunl pnhn sostik `rekntearnjo (Anlhgnr
hnl Vemknl, 6221). Nqunfohist hoauln`nl
sifnano jnsi airn` ultu` kikfunt sunsnln
jnsi airn` kilgnho cifom pecnr. Tihnla`nl
nsnk nsitnt acnsonc hoauln`nl ultu`
kilailhnco`nl `insnknl simolaan hnpnt
kilnmnl oelonso nlncot hnl kilaurnlao i`er
puldn` silynwn nsnk. Kn`n cnrutnl nsnk
nsitnt acnsonc 2,>% kikpulyno pilanrum
ynla fno` tirmnhnp wn`tu ritilso hnl cuns
nrin (Kulsel, >??>).
Mnsoc eptoknso jnsi airn` pnhn pilitnpnl
`nhnr `cernkjilo`ec hnl mohre`ertosel nsitnt
hncnk sihonnl `rok ynla ticnm hocn`u`nl
Mnkhnlo h``, 62>8 fnmwn `elhoso @D@X
ynla eptokuk hilanl pikosnmnl ynla fno`
hnl wn`tu ynla sola`nt hopirecim
pirfnlholanl jnsi airn` kitnlec hnl cnrutnl
nsnk nsitnt 2,>% (19769). Ecim `nriln otu,
pirfnlholanl ynla hoauln`nl ultu` jnsi
airn` nhncnm 19769. Rnhn pilaaulnnl jnsi
airn` kitnlec hnl nor (827:2) hopirecim
wn`tu ritilso sifisnr :,919 kilot, sihnla`nl
pnhn pilaaulnnl jnsi airn` kitnlec hnl
cnrutnl nsnk nsitnt acnsonc 2,>% (19769)
hopirecim wn`tu ritilso pnhn snkpic kiri` N
sifisnr 9,::> kilot0 kiri` F sifisnr 9,::?
kilot0 kiri` D 9,:>: kilot. Mnc olo
kilulgu``nll fnmwn cuns nrin ynla hohnpnt
wn`tu ritilsolyn cifom dipnt, ripsehusofic,
hnl stnfoc hofnlhola`nl hilanl pilicotonl
sificuklyn.
Hncnk pilicotonl olo hoauln`nl
pirmotulanl kilaauln`nl hntn cuns nrin hnl
`elsiltrnso pnhn knsola-knsola snkpic,
sifnf cuns nrin `rekntearnk sifnlhola
(prepesoelnc) hilanl `elsiltrnso znt ynla
kilamnsoc`nl puldn` (Rutrn, 6228). @nhnr
`cernkjilo`ec hncnk sihonnl titis kntn olo
hopirecim kilaauln`nl pirsnknnl riariso y
; 4?262,?6x + >?:6?: hilanl cuns nrin
knsola-knsola snkpic. Hnro pirsnknnl
riariso tirsifut hopirecim locno ] ynla
kirupn`nl `elsiltrnso snkpic. Mnsoc
pilicotonl pnhn pilitnpnl `nhnr
`cernkjilo`ec ynla hopirecim hnro toan snkpic
sihonnl titis kntn ho npeti` `etn Rncikfnla
kiri` N sifisnr >22,19 %, kiri` F sifisnr
>26,:8 % hnl kiri` D sifisnr >29,6? %.
Firhnsnr`nl mnsoc pilicotonl tirsifut, hnpnt
hocomnt fnmwn `nhnr `cernkjilo`ec ynla
tirhnpnt hncnk toan snkpic ugo kikilumo
pirsynrntnl pnhn Jnrkn`epi Olhelison ihoso
Z(62>8) ynotu kilanlhula D>:M>8E4 tohn`
`urnla hnro ?2% hnl tohn` cifom hnro >42%
hnro gukcnm ynla tirtirn pnhn ito`it.

Xnfic >. Hntn mnsoc pilitnpn

pilitnpnl
l `nhnr `cernkjilo`ec sihonnl titis kntn
Qn`tu @nhnr znt n`toj @nhnr snkpic
Lnkn
Le. ritilso Cuns nrin @cernkjilo`ec `cernkjilo`ecc hncnk
`cernkjilo`e
Tnkpic
(kilot) (%) ito`it (2,9%)
> Tnkpic N 9,::> ?=6:21 >22,19 2,9241

6 Tnkpic F 9,::? ??148> >26,:8 2,9>46

4 Tnkpic D 9,:>: >2>=266 >29,6? 2,96:8

Titicnm otu,
`cernkjilo`ec hncnkknsola-knsola snkpic
sihonnl titis kntn ynla 2,9241
2,96:8 %, %0 pnhn
kiri`Xnfic
F 2,9>46 %0 kiri`
>. Firhnsnr`nl D
mnsoc
tirtirn pnhn ito`it hopirecim kiri` N sifisnr tirsifut, hnpnt hocomnt fnmwn `nhnr

Knuozntuc Mnsnlnm h``

 Gurlnc Ockonm Fn`to Jnrknso, 62>1, OO(6), mnc. 81-98
`cernkjilo`ec ynla hopiro`sn kilaauln`nl
kitehi `rekntearnjo dnor `olirgn tolaao
hilanl kilaauln`nl jnsi airn` kitnlec hnl
cnrutnl nsnk nsitnt acnsonc 2,>%, hohnpnt`nl
mnsoc ynla sisuno hilanl `nhnr ynla tirhnpnt
hncnk ito`it sihonnl titis kntn `cernkjilo`ec
ynotu 2,9%.
TOKRYCNL
@nhnr `cernkjilo`ec hncnk sihonnl titis
kntn snkpic N, F hnl D ynla honlncosos
nhncnm >22,19 %0 >26,:8 %0 >29,6? %, hnl
mnsoc hohnpnt`nl hilanl kitehi `rekntearnjo
dnor `olirgn tolaao sisuno hilanl pnrnkitir-
pnrnkitir vncohnso kitehi ynla kicoputo
colinrotns, prisoso, CEH, CE^ hnl n`urnso.
@nhnr `cernkjilo`ec hncnk sihonnl titis
kntn hnro sikun snkpic sisuno hilanl
pirsynrntnl ynla tirtirn hncnk Jnrkn`epi
Olhelison ihoso Z, ynotu kilanlhula
D>:M>8E4 tohn` `urnla hnro ?2 % hnl tohn`
cifom hnro >42 % hnro gukcnm ynla tirtirn
hncnk ito`it.
HNJXNV RYTXN@N
Dellers, @.N. >??6. Ttnfocotns `okonwo
sihonnl jnrknso.
jnrknso. Rilirgiknm7 H.H.
Aulnwnl. Tiknrnla7 O@OR Rriss.
Hip`is VO. >?1?. Jnrkn`epi Olhelison
(Ihoso OOO). Gn`nrtn7 Hipnrtikil
@isimntnl Vipufco` Olhelison Hori`ternt
Gilhrnc pilanwnsnl Efnt hnl Kn`nlnl.
Hip`is VO. >??9. Jnrkn`epi Olhelison
(Ihoso OZ). Gn`nrtn7 Hipnrtikil
@isimntnl Vipufco` Olhelison Hori`ternt
Gilhrnc pilanwnsnl Efnt hnl Kn`nlnl.
Iho, V. 622=. Eptoknso jnsi airn`
kitnlec7dnkpurnl nor-nsnk jesjnt pnhn
pililtunl `nhnr sihonnl tnfcit Tokitohol
hilanl kitehi @rekntearnjo Dnor
@olirgn Xolaao (@D@X).
(@D@X). (T`ropso).
Kihnl7 Ylovirsotns Tukntirn Ytnrn.
Anlhgnr, O.A., Vemknl, N. 6221. @okon
jnrknso nlncosos.
nlncosos. _eayn`nrtn7 Rustn`n
Ricngnr.
94
Mnkhnlo, T., Knokelnm, T., N`knc. 62>8.
Eptoknso jnsi airn` pnhn pilitnpnl
`nhnr `cernkjilo`ec hnl mohre`ertosel
nsitnt hncnk sihonnl `rok sidnrn
@rekntearnjo Dnor @olirgn Xolaao
(@D@X).. (T`ropso). Fnlhula7 Ti`ecnm
(@D@X)
Xolaao Jnrknso Olhelison.
Mnrkotn. 6228. Ritulgu` picn`snlnnl vncohnso
kitehi hnl dnrn pirmotulanllyn.
Kngncnm ocku `ijnrknsonl,
`ijnrknsonl, >(4), >>1-
>49.
@ikil`is VO. 62>8. Jnrkn`epi Olhelison
(Ihoso Z). Gn`nrtn7 @ikiltironl
@isimntnl Vipufco` Olhelison Hori`ternt
Gilhrnc Foln @ijnrknsonnl hnl Ncnt
@isimntnl.
Kulsel, G.Q. >??>. Nlncosn Jnrknso. Jnrknso.
Turnfnyn7 Ylovirsotns Nor Cnlaan.
Levoynlte, J., Xgoptnsurnsn., hnl Ytnko, R.O.
62>8. @iteprejil pilitnpnl `nhnr hncnk
sihonnl aic hilanl kitehi
spi`trejetekitro YZ-Zos. Rmnrkndy
Rmnrkndy,, >-=.
Rnsro. 62>2. Rilirnpnl kitehi @rekntearnjo
Dnor @olirgn Xolaao (@D@X) pnhn
pilitnpnl `nhnr @cernkjilo`ec hncnk
sihonnl `npsuc hilanl lnkn hnanla hnl
ailiro`. (T`ropso). Kihnl 7 Ylovirsotns
Tukntrn Ytnrn.
Rutrn, I.H.C. 6228. @rekntearnjo dnor `olirgn
tolaao hncnk fohnla jnrknso.
jnrknso. Jn`uctns
hnl Ocku Rilaitnmunl Ncnk7 Ylovirsotns
Tukntrn Ytnrn.
Tnro, J.H.R., Ytnko, R.O. 622?. Rilitnpnl
`nhnr @cernkjilo`ec hncnk titis kntn
pnhn sihonnl ailiro` hnl kir` hilanl
kitehi @rekntearnjo Dnor @olirgn
Xolaao. Rmnrkndy
Rmnrkndy,, :(6), 94-9?.
Triivntsnv, T.@., Vnkism, D., Rrnsnh, L.T.,
Kncirngu, G., Tulhir, @.T. 62>4. VR
MRCD kitmeh hivicepkilt nlh
vncohntoel ej Dmcernkpmilodec iyi nlh
inr hreps. Oltirlntoelnc geurlnc ej
foepmnrkndiutods,, 8(4), >::->18.
foepmnrkndiutods
Tuaomnrtolo, L., Jnhmeco, N., Rrnkele, T.,
Toskolhnro. 62>8. Zncohnso kitehi
nlncosn pilitnpnl `nhnr ipoance`nti`ol
ancnt hilanl @rekntearnjo Dnor @olirgn
Xolaao. Gurlnc pmnrkndonln,
>>9. pmnrkndonln, 8(6), >>>-
Knuozntuc Mnsnlnm h``
98 Gurlnc Ockonm Fn`to Jnrknso, 62>1, OO(6), mnc. 81-98
Tuauln, R., Lnohu, L.Z.T., Tntmynlnrnynl, F.
62>8. Hitirkolntoel ej Dmcernkpmilodec
ol fuc` hrua nlh pmnrkndiutodnc hesnai
jerks fy MRCD. OETV geurlnc ej
pmnrkndy,, 8(>6), :2-12.
pmnrkndy
Tuauln, R., Vnkndnlhrn, F., Lnohu, L.Z.T.
62>9. Hivicepkilt nlh vncohntoel ej
YZ-Zosofci spidtrepmetekitrod kitmeh
jer tmi hitirkolntoel ej Dmcernkpmilodec
ol puri nlh ol hesnai jerk. G.Rmnrk.
Rmytepmnrkndec, 8(9), 61>-619.
Knuozntuc Mnsnlnm h``
Xgny, X.M., Vnmnrhgn, @. 62>2. Efnt-efnt
piltola `mnsont pilaaulnnl hnl iji`-
iji` snkpolalyn (Ihoso ZO). Gn`nrtn7 RX
Icix Kihon @ekputolhe. Mnc =6-=4.
_uhmeyele,, T.F. >4 E`tefir 622?. Ylhnla-
_uhmeyele
ulhnla ripufco` Olhelison leker 4:
tnmul 622? tiltnla `isimntnl.
`isimntnl. Hon`sis
>2 Nproc 62>1 hnro
mttp7//www.sghom.hip`iu.ae.oh/jucctixt/62
2?/4:XNMYL622?YY.mtk