Saturday , 20 January 2024
Dawn Editorial With Urdu Translation 20 January 2024
Poison in the air
CLEANING UP Pakistan’s toxic air is a daunting ‫ﻣ‬
‫ ﺸﮑﻞ‬task, and demands a holistic approach and
comprehensive ‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬policy formulation ‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬. With
large parts of the country, especially Punjab,
engulfed ‫ ﻧﮕﻠﻨﺎ‬by polluted air, and major cities
topping the list of the ones with the most
hazardous ‫ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎک‬air in the world, we are facing a
major public health disaster. That the situation is
worsening ‫ ﺧﺮاب‬with each passing year highlights
the lack of seriousness on the part of the
authorities to tackle the smog catastrophe, which,
according to the CSO Fair Finance Pakistan,
prematurely ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ از وﻗﺖ‬claims 128,000 lives every
year, besides causing serious health
complications.
Public authorities have been slow to deal with the
problem, and when they do, they tend to adopt
temporary measures to appease ‫ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ‬an
enraged public. Just a few weeks ago, the
caretaker administration in Punjab got ahead of
itself when it unsuccessfully ‘attempted’ to control
smog in Lahore through artificial rain. Though the
caretakers managed to buy some media publicity
at the expense of taxpayers, the problem did not go
away.
The other day, the provincial government said it
was engaging Chinese environmental experts ‫ﻣﺎﮨﺮﯾﻦ‬
for suggestions to lessen the smog. The experts,
the government said, had presented their
preliminary report on the causes of smog in
‫ﭘﺮ اﭘﻨﯽ اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﯽ رﭘﻮرٹ ﭘﯿﺶ ﮐﺮ دی ﮨﮯ۔ ﻟﯿﮑﻦ زﮨﺮﯾﻠﯽ ﮨﻮا ﮐﮯ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬
Lahore. But the identification of the reasons behind
the persistence ‫ اﺻﺮار‬of the poisonous air quality is
no longer the issue; the issue is how the authorities
،‫ وہ اﺑﮭﯽ ﺗﮏ اﭘﻨﮯ اﻟﮓ ﺗﮭﻠﮓ‬،‫ﻃﺮح ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺑﮧ ﺑﻨﺪی ﮐﺮﺗﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ۔ ﺑﻈﺎﮨﺮ‬
plan to combat it. Apparently, they are not yet
prepared to recognise the futility ‫ ﺑﮯ اﺛﺮی‬of their
isolated, Band-Aid solutions or learn from past
mistakes. No wonder, the public authorities again
plan to use cloud-seeding technology — or
artificially induced rain — to control the smog
problem in Lahore. They would have to go much
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‫ﮨﻮ ا ﻣﯿ ﮟ ز ﮨﺮ‬
‫ اور ﯾﮧ‬،‫ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن ﮐﯽ زﮨﺮﯾﻠﯽ ﮨﻮا ﮐﻮ ﺻﺎف ﮐﺮﻧﺎ اﯾﮏ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﮐﺎم ﮨﮯ‬
‫اﯾﮏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻧﻘﻄﮧ ﻧﻈﺮ اور ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﭘﺎﻟﯿﺴﯽ ﮐﯽ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﮐﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﮧ ﮐﺮﺗﺎ‬
‫ آﻟﻮدہ ﮨﻮا ﮐﯽ ﻟﭙﯿﭧ‬،‫ ﺧﺎص ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ ﭘﻨﺠﺎب‬،‫ﮨﮯ۔ ﻣﻠﮏ ﮐﮯ ﺑﮍے ﺣﺼﮯ‬
‫ اور ﺑﮍے ﺷﮩﺮ دﻧﯿﺎ ﻣﯿﮟ ﺳﺐ ﺳﮯ زﯾﺎدہ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎک ﮨﻮا ﮐﮯ‬،‫ﻣﯿﮟ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ ﮨﻤﯿﮟ ﺻﺤﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﮧ ﮐﯽ اﯾﮏ ﺑﮍی ﺗﺒﺎﮨﯽ ﮐﺎ‬،‫ﺳﺎﺗﮫ ﺳﺮﻓﮩﺮﺳﺖ ﮨﯿﮟ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﮨﮯ۔ ﯾﮧ ﮐﮧ ﺻﻮرﺗﺤﺎل ﮨﺮ ﮔﺰرﺗﮯ ﺳﺎل ﮐﮯ ﺳﺎﺗﮫ ﺑﮕﮍﺗﯽ ﺟﺎ رﮨﯽ‬
‫ﮨﮯ ﺳﻤﻮگ ﮐﯽ ﺗﺒﺎﮨﯽ ﺳﮯ ﻧﻤﭩﻨﮯ ﮐﮯ ﻟﯿﮯ ﺣﮑﺎم ﮐﯽ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺳﮯ‬
‫ ﻓﯿﺌﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻧﺲ‬CSO ‫ ﺟﻮ ﮐﮧ‬،‫ﺳﻨﺠﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﮯ ﻓﻘﺪان ﮐﻮ واﺿﺢ ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ ﺟﺎﻧﯿﮟ ﻗﺒﻞ از وﻗﺖ ﻟﮯ ﺟﺎﺗﺎ‬128,000 ‫ ﮨﺮ ﺳﺎل‬،‫ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن ﮐﮯ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫ اس ﮐﮯ ﻋﻼوہ ﺻﺤﺖ ﮐﯽ ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﮔﯿﺎں ﺑﮭﯽ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮨﻮﺗﯽ‬،‫ﮨﮯ‬
‫ﮨﯿﮟ۔‬
‫ﻋﻮاﻣﯽ ﺣﮑﺎم اس ﻣﺴﺌﻠﮯ ﺳﮯ ﻧﻤﭩﻨﮯ ﻣﯿﮟ ﺳﺴﺖ روی ﮐﺎ ﻣﻈﺎﮨﺮہ‬
‫ ﺗﻮ وہ ﻣﺸﺘﻌﻞ ﻋﻮام ﮐﻮ‬،‫ اور ﺟﺐ وہ اﯾﺴﺎ ﮐﺮﺗﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ‬،‫ﮐﺮﺗﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﮐﺮﻧﮯ ﮐﮯ ﻟﯿﮯ ﻋﺎرﺿﯽ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت اﭘﻨﺎﺗﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ۔ اﺑﮭﯽ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮨﻔﺘﮯ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﺎب ﮐﯽ ﻧﮕﺮاں اﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣﯿﮧ اس وﻗﺖ ﺧﻮد ﺳﮯ آﮔﮯ ﻧﮑﻞ ﮔﺌﯽ‬
‫ﺟﺐ اس ﻧﮯ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ ﺑﺎرش ﮐﮯ ذرﯾﻌﮯ ﻻﮨﻮر ﻣﯿﮟ ﺳﻤﻮگ ﭘﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻮ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻧﮯ ﮐﯽ ’ﻧﺎﮐﺎم ﮐﻮﺷﺶ‘ ﮐﯽ۔ اﮔﺮﭼﮧ ﻧﮕﺮاں ﭨﯿﮑﺲ دﮨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﮐﯽ‬
‫ ﻟﯿﮑﻦ‬،‫ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﭘﺮ ﮐﭽﮫ ﻣﯿﮉﯾﺎ ﭘﺒﻠﺴﭩﯽ ﺧﺮﯾﺪﻧﮯ ﻣﯿﮟ ﮐﺎﻣﯿﺎب ﮨﻮ ﮔﺌﮯ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﮧ دور ﻧﮩﯿﮟ ﮨﻮا۔‬
‫ ﺻﻮﺑﺎﺋﯽ ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ ﻧﮯ ﮐﮩﺎ ﮐﮧ وہ ﭼﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﺎﺣﻮﻟﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬،‫دوﺳﺮے دن‬
‫ﻣﺎﮨﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﮯ اﺳﻤﻮگ ﮐﻮ ﮐﻢ ﮐﺮﻧﮯ ﮐﮯ ﻟﯿﮯ ﺗﺠﺎوﯾﺰ ﻟﮯ رﮨﯽ ﮨﮯ۔‬
‫ت‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﮨ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ ﮐﺎ ﮐﮩﻨﺎ ﺗﮭﺎ ﮐﮧ ﻣﺎﮨﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﮯ ﻻﮨﻮر ﻣﯿﮟ ﺳﻤﻮگ ﮐﯽ و‬
‫ﮐﮯ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار رﮨﻨﮯ ﮐﮯ ﭘﯿﭽﮭﮯ وﺟﻮﮨﺎت ﮐﯽ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪﮨﯽ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ اب ﻣﺴﺌﻠﮧ‬
‫ﻧﮩﯿﮟ رﮨﺎ ﮨﮯ۔ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﮧ ﯾﮧ ﮨﮯ ﮐﮧ ﺣﮑﺎم اس ﺳﮯ ﻧﻤﭩﻨﮯ ﮐﮯ ﻟﯿﮯ ﮐﺲ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻨﮉ اﯾﮉ ﮐﮯ ﺣﻞ ﮐﯽ ﻓﻀﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﮐﻮ ﺗﺴﻠﯿﻢ ﮐﺮﻧﮯ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺎﺿﯽ ﮐﯽ‬
‫ﻏﻠﻄﯿﻮں ﺳﮯ ﺳﯿﮑﮭﻨﮯ ﮐﮯ ﻟﯿﮯ ﺗﯿﺎر ﻧﮩﯿﮟ ﮨﯿﮟ۔ ﮐﻮﺋﯽ ﺗﻌﺠﺐ ﮐﯽ ﺑﺎت‬
‫ ﻻﮨﻮر ﻣﯿﮟ ﺳﻤﻮگ ﮐﮯ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﮯ ﭘﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻮ ﭘﺎﻧﮯ ﮐﮯ ﻟﯿﮯ ﻋﻮاﻣﯽ‬،‫ﻧﮩﯿﮟ‬
‫ﺣﮑﺎم اﯾﮏ ﺑﺎر ﭘﮭﺮ ﮐﻼؤڈ ﺳﯿﮉﻧﮓ ﭨﯿﮑﻨﺎﻟﻮﺟﯽ — ﯾﺎ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ ﻃﻮر‬
‫ﭘﺮ ﺑﺎرش ﮐﮯ ذرﯾﻌﮯ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﮐﺮﻧﮯ ﮐﺎ ارادہ رﮐﮭﺘﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ۔ اﻧﮩﯿﮟ اس‬
‫ﺳﮯ ﺑﮩﺖ آﮔﮯ ﺟﺎﻧﺎ ﭘﮍے ﮔﺎ۔ ﺟﺐ ﺗﮏ ﺑﮕﮍﺗﯽ ﮨﻮﺋﯽ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﯽ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ‬
 Saturday , 20 January 2024
beyond that. Unless a holistic anti-smog policy is
formulated and executed to deal with the
worsening air pollution, people in Punjab, and
elsewhere in the country, will continue to choke on
toxic air.
Published in Dawn, January 20th, 2024
External challenges
ALONG with fixing the economy and addressing
the political polarisation, the new administration
that takes charge after February’s elections will
also have to put Pakistan’s external relations on
track. The unfortunate truth is that ties with three
out of our four neighbours are strained ‫روک‬, and it
will take deft diplomacy to improve matters.
Relations with India are the most complicated
‫ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪہ‬, and fixing these will be a time-consuming
process. Bilateral ties with Afghanistan and Iran
are also lukewarm and, in the case of the latter,
have witnessed severe turbulence ‫ ﺳﺮﮐﺸﯽ‬over the
past few days. However, relations with both Kabul
and Tehran can be mended relatively easily if we
play our cards right, and if there is a reciprocal
response from the other side. The positive signals
emanating ‫ ﻇﺎﮨﺮ ﮨﻮﻧﺎ‬from Friday’s National Security
Committee meeting, the prime minister’s
comments, and the phone conversation between
the Pakistani and Iranian foreign ministers indicate
that ties are on the mend.
The relationship with India has been in deep freeze
‫ ﺟﻤﻨﺎ‬since August 2019. Elections are due in India in
the next few months, and at this point, it appears
that a BJP government will again run New Delhi. It
remains to be seen whether the new Indian set-up
will be willing to turn the page with Pakistan, or if
toxicity will continue. The new administration in
Islamabad should, however, extend a hand of
friendship to New Delhi, without compromising ‫ﻣ‬
‫ ﺸﺘﻤﻞ‬on Pakistan’s key concerns.
As for Kabul, the Afghan Taliban are difficult
customers; yet Pakistan has no option but to
engage with them. The recent border closure ‫ﺑﻨﺪش‬
at Torkham has shown that even administrative
disputes can quickly spiral into bigger spats. The
incoming administration should work to mend ties
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‫ﺳﮯ ﻧﻤﭩﻨﮯ ﮐﮯ ﻟﯿﮯ اﯾﮏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻧﺴﺪاد ﺳﻤﻮگ ﭘﺎﻟﯿﺴﯽ ﻧﮩﯿﮟ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﯽ‬
‫ ﭘﻨﺠﺎب اور ﻣﻠﮏ ﮐﮯ‬،‫ﺟﺎﺗﯽ اور اس ﭘﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ درآﻣﺪ ﻧﮩﯿﮟ ﮐﯿﺎ ﺟﺎﺗﺎ‬
‫دﯾﮕﺮ ﺣﺼﻮں ﻣﯿﮟ ﻟﻮگ زﮨﺮﯾﻠﯽ ﮨﻮا ﮐﺎ دم ﮔﮭﭩﺘﮯ رﮨﯿﮟ ﮔﮯ۔‬
‫ﺑ ﯿ ﺮ و ﻧ ﯽ ﭼ ﯿﻠ ﻨ ﺠ ﺰ‬
‫ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺖ ﮐﻮ ﭨﮭﯿﮏ ﮐﺮﻧﮯ اور ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﭘﻮﻟﺮاﺋﺰﯾﺸﻦ ﺳﮯ ﻧﻤﭩﻨﮯ ﮐﮯ‬
‫ ﻓﺮوری ﮐﮯ اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت ﮐﮯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﭼﺎرج ﺳﻨﺒﮭﺎﻟﻨﮯ واﻟﯽ ﻧﺌﯽ‬،‫ﺳﺎﺗﮫ ﺳﺎﺗﮫ‬
‫اﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣﯿﮧ ﮐﻮ ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن ﮐﮯ ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ ﺗﻌﻠﻘﺎت ﮐﻮ ﺑﮭﯽ ﭘﭩﺮی ﭘﺮ ﻻﻧﺎ ﮨﻮﮔﺎ۔‬
‫ﺑﺪﻗﺴﻤﺘﯽ ﺳﮯ ﺳﭻ ﯾﮧ ﮨﮯ ﮐﮧ ﮨﻤﺎرے ﭼﺎر ﻣﯿﮟ ﺳﮯ ﺗﯿﻦ ﭘﮍوﺳﯿﻮں ﮐﮯ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺗﮫ ﺗﻌﻠﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﯿﺪہ ﮨﯿﮟ اور ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﮐﻮ ﺑﮩﺘﺮ ﺑﻨﺎﻧﮯ ﮐﮯ ﻟﯿﮯ‬
‫ڈﭘﻠﻮﻣﯿﺴﯽ ﮐﯽ ﺿﺮورت ﮨﻮﮔﯽ۔ ﺑﮭﺎرت ﮐﮯ ﺳﺎﺗﮫ ﺗﻌﻠﻘﺎت ﺳﺐ ﺳﮯ‬
‫ اور ان ﮐﻮ ﭨﮭﯿﮏ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ وﻗﺖ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮨﻮﮔﺎ۔‬،‫زﯾﺎدہ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪہ ﮨﯿﮟ‬
،‫اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن اور اﯾﺮان ﮐﮯ ﺳﺎﺗﮫ دوﻃﺮﻓﮧ ﺗﻌﻠﻘﺎت ﺑﮭﯽ ﮔﺮم ﮨﯿﮟ اور‬
‫ ﮔﺰﺷﺘﮧ ﭼﻨﺪ دﻧﻮں ﺳﮯ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﮨﻨﮕﺎﻣﮧ ﺧﯿﺰی‬،‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﮐﮯ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﮯ ﻣﯿﮟ‬
‫ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ اور ﺗﮩﺮان دوﻧﻮں ﮐﮯ ﺳﺎﺗﮫ ﺗﻌﻠﻘﺎت‬،‫دﯾﮑﮭﯽ ﮔﺌﯽ ﮨﮯ۔ ﺗﺎﮨﻢ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘًﺎ آﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﮯ درﺳﺖ ﮐﯿﮯ ﺟﺎ ﺳﮑﺘﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ اﮔﺮ ﮨﻢ اﭘﻨﮯ ﮐﺎرڈ‬
‫ اور اﮔﺮ دوﺳﺮی ﻃﺮف ﺳﮯ ﺟﻮاﺑﯽ ردﻋﻤﻞ آﺗﺎ‬،‫ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﮐﮭﯿﻠﺘﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ‬
،‫ﮨﮯ۔ ﺟﻤﻌﮧ ﮐﻮ ﮨﻮﻧﮯ واﻟﮯ ﻗﻮﻣﯽ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﯽ ﮐﻤﯿﭩﯽ ﮐﮯ اﺟﻼس‬
‫وزﯾﺮاﻋﻈﻢ ﮐﮯ ﺗﺒﺼﺮوں اور ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ اور اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ وزراﺋﮯ ﺧﺎرﺟﮧ ﮐﮯ‬
‫درﻣﯿﺎن ﮨﻮﻧﮯ واﻟﯽ ﻓﻮن ﭘﺮ ﮨﻮﻧﮯ واﻟﯽ ﺑﺎت ﭼﯿﺖ ﺳﮯ ﻣﻠﻨﮯ واﻟﮯ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ اﺷﺎرے ﻇﺎﮨﺮ ﮐﺮﺗﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ ﮐﮧ ﺗﻌﻠﻘﺎت ﺑﮩﺘﺮ ﮨﻮ رﮨﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ۔‬
‫ ﺳﮯ ﮔﮩﺮے ﺟﻤﻮد ﮐﺎ ﺷﮑﺎر‬2019 ‫ﺑﮭﺎرت ﮐﮯ ﺳﺎﺗﮫ ﺗﻌﻠﻘﺎت اﮔﺴﺖ‬
،‫ﮨﯿﮟ۔ ﺑﮭﺎرت ﻣﯿﮟ اﮔﻠﮯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﮩﯿﻨﻮں ﻣﯿﮟ اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت ﮨﻮﻧﮯ واﻟﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ‬
‫اور اس وﻗﺖ اﯾﺴﺎ ﻟﮕﺘﺎ ﮨﮯ ﮐﮧ ﻧﺌﯽ دﮨﻠﯽ ﻣﯿﮟ ﺑﯽ ﺟﮯ ﭘﯽ ﮐﯽ‬
‫ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ دوﺑﺎرہ ﭼﻼﺋﮯ ﮔﯽ۔ ﯾﮧ دﯾﮑﮭﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﮨﮯ ﮐﮧ ﻧﯿﺎ ﺑﮭﺎرﺗﯽ‬
‫ﺳﯿﭧ اپ ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن ﮐﮯ ﺳﺎﺗﮫ ﺻﻔﺤﮧ اﻟﭩﻨﮯ ﭘﺮ آﻣﺎدہ ﮨﻮ ﮔﺎ ﯾﺎ زﮨﺮﯾﻼ‬
‫ﭘﻦ ﺟﺎری رﮨﮯ ﮔﺎ۔ ﺗﺎﮨﻢ اﺳﻼم آﺑﺎد ﮐﯽ ﻧﺌﯽ اﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣﯿﮧ ﮐﻮ ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن ﮐﮯ‬
‫اﮨﻢ ﺧﺪﺷﺎت ﭘﺮ ﺳﻤﺠﮭﻮﺗﮧ ﮐﯿﮯ ﺑﻐﯿﺮ ﻧﺌﯽ دﮨﻠﯽ ﮐﯽ ﻃﺮف دوﺳﺘﯽ ﮐﺎ‬
‫ﮨﺎﺗﮫ ﺑﮍﮬﺎﻧﺎ ﭼﺎﮨﯿﮯ۔‬
‫ اﻓﻐﺎن ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎن ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﮔﺎﮨﮏ ﮨﯿﮟ۔ اس‬،‫ﺟﮩﺎں ﺗﮏ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ ﮐﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ﮐﮯ ﺑﺎوﺟﻮد ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن ﮐﮯ ﭘﺎس ان ﮐﮯ ﺳﺎﺗﮫ ﺑﺎت ﭼﯿﺖ ﮐﮯ ﻋﻼوہ‬
‫ﮐﻮﺋﯽ ﭼﺎرہ ﻧﮩﯿﮟ ﮨﮯ۔ ﻃﻮرﺧﻢ ﭘﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﯿﮧ ﺳﺮﺣﺪ ﮐﯽ ﺑﻨﺪش ﻧﮯ ﻇﺎﮨﺮ‬
‫ﮐﯿﺎ ﮨﮯ ﮐﮧ اﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﺗﻨﺎزﻋﺎت ﺑﮭﯽ ﺗﯿﺰی ﺳﮯ ﺑﮍے ﺟﮭﮕﮍوں ﻣﯿﮟ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﮨﻮ ﺳﮑﺘﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ۔ آﻧﮯ واﻟﯽ اﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣﯿﮧ ﮐﻮ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ ﮐﮯ ﺳﺎﺗﮫ ﺗﻌﻠﻘﺎت‬
‫ﮐﻮ ﺑﮩﺘﺮ ﺑﻨﺎﻧﮯ اور ﺗﺠﺎرﺗﯽ ﺗﻌﻠﻘﺎت ﮐﻮ ﺑﮩﺘﺮ ﺑﻨﺎﻧﮯ ﮐﮯ ﻟﯿﮯ ﮐﺎم ﮐﺮﻧﺎ‬
 Saturday , 20 January 2024
with Kabul and improve trade relations, while
reiterating ‫دﮨﺮاﻧﺎ‬Pakistan’s demand that terrorist
groups operating from Afghan soil be reined in.
With regard to Iran, before Tehran’s provocative
strikes in Panjgur, ties were cordial ‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕﻮار‬, though
there was room for improvement. Luckily, sense
has prevailed after the Iranian strike and Pakistan’s
retaliation, and matters are returning to normal.
However, there can be no further infringement ‫دﺳﺖ‬
‫ اﻧﺪﯾﺰی‬of this country’s sovereignty. The incoming
set-up cannot achieve internal stability and
economic progress if there is tension on three
frontiers. Furthermore, it is essential that
Pakistan’s foreign policy is fashioned and led by
professional diplomats, who are well-versed in the
nuances of international relations.
Published in Dawn, January 20th, 2024
What’s the plan?
WHAT exactly are our political parties fighting for
in the upcoming general elections? What are their
plans? What promises are they willing ‫ ﺧﻮﺷﺪل‬to
make to their constituents, the vast majority of
whom are expecting significant improvement in
their social and economic conditions post-Feb 8?
Less than three weeks from polling day, it is
strange that we still do not know. The front runners
in the race — the PTI, the PML-N and the PPP —
have largely avoided providing details about how
they plan to conduct their governments. The PPP
has, admittedly ‫ﺗﺴﻠﯿﻢ‬, issued a 10-point to-do list it
has called a ‘manifesto’ ‫ﻣﻨﺸﻮر‬, but this can hardly
be considered one given how lacking it is in details
about how its ambitious promises are to be
achieved. Meanwhile, the PML-N has kept delaying
the unveiling of its long-awaited manifesto, while
the PTI made one abortive attempt before fresh
challenges to its survival ‫ ﺑﭻ ﺟﺎﻧﺎ‬began consuming
all its energies.
It cannot be argued that the parties haven’t had
enough time to prepare. For starters, elections are
being held around three months after they became
due under the constitutional timeline. This means
the parties got three additional months to work on
their action plans. Not only that, Pakistan’s
economic troubles have been thoroughly dissected
‫ ﭼﺎک ﮐﺮﻧﺎ‬over the past year and a half, meaning each
party’s policy tsars had more than enough time and
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‫ ﺟﺒﮑﮧ ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن ﮐﮯ اس ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﮯ ﮐﻮ دﮨﺮاﻧﺎ ﭼﺎﮨﯿﮯ ﮐﮧ اﻓﻐﺎن‬،‫ﭼﺎﮨﯿﮯ‬
‫ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ ﺳﮯ ﺳﺮﮔﺮم دﮨﺸﺖ ﮔﺮد ﮔﺮوﭘﻮں ﮐﻮ ﻟﮕﺎم ڈاﻟﯽ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ۔ اﯾﺮان‬
‫ ﺗﮩﺮان ﮐﮯ ﭘﻨﺠﮕﻮر ﻣﯿﮟ ﮨﻮﻧﮯ واﻟﮯ اﺷﺘﻌﺎل اﻧﮕﯿﺰ‬،‫ﮐﮯ ﺣﻮاﻟﮯ ﺳﮯ‬
‫ ﺣﺎﻻﻧﮑﮧ وﮨﺎں ﮔﻨﺠﺎﺋﺶ‬،‫ ﺗﻌﻠﻘﺎت ﺧﻮﺷﮕﻮار ﺗﮭﮯ‬،‫ﺣﻤﻠﻮں ﺳﮯ ﭘﮩﻠﮯ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺗﮭﯽ۔ ﺑﮩﺘﺮی ﮐﮯ ﻟﯿﮯ ﺧﻮش ﻗﺴﻤﺘﯽ ﺳﮯ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺣﻤﻠﮯ اور‬
‫ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن ﮐﯽ ﺟﻮاﺑﯽ ﮐﺎررواﺋﯽ ﮐﮯ ﺑﻌﺪ اﺣﺴﺎس ﻏﺎﻟﺐ آ ﮔﯿﺎ ﮨﮯ اور‬
‫ اس ﻣﻠﮏ ﮐﯽ ﺧﻮدﻣﺨﺘﺎری ﮐﯽ‬،‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﭘﺮ آ رﮨﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ۔ ﺗﺎﮨﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺰﯾﺪ ﺧﻼف ورزی ﻧﮩﯿﮟ ﮨﻮ ﺳﮑﺘﯽ۔ ﺗﯿﻦ ﻣﺤﺎذوں ﭘﺮ ﺗﻨﺎؤ ﮐﯽ‬
‫ﺻﻮرت ﻣﯿﮟ آﻧﮯ واﻻ ﺳﯿﭧ اپ اﻧﺪروﻧﯽ اﺳﺘﺤﮑﺎم اور ﻣﻌﺎﺷﯽ ﺗﺮﻗﯽ‬
‫ ﯾﮧ ﺿﺮوری ﮨﮯ ﮐﮧ ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن ﮐﯽ‬،‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﮩﯿﮟ ﮐﺮ ﺳﮑﺘﺎ۔ ﻣﺰﯾﺪ ﺑﺮآں‬
‫ﺧﺎرﺟﮧ ﭘﺎﻟﯿﺴﯽ اﯾﺴﮯ ﭘﯿﺸﮧ ور ﺳﻔﺎرت ﮐﺎروں ﮐﯽ ﻃﺮف ﺳﮯ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﯽ‬
‫ ﺟﻮ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻻﻗﻮاﻣﯽ ﺗﻌﻠﻘﺎت ﮐﯽ ﺑﺎرﯾﮑﯿﻮں ﺳﮯ ﺑﺨﻮﺑﯽ واﻗﻒ‬،‫ﺟﺎﺋﮯ‬
‫ﮨﻮں۔‬
‫ﮐ ﯿ ﺎ ﻣ ﻨ ﺼ ﻮ ﺑﮧ ﮨ ﮯ؟‬
‫آﻧﮯ واﻟﮯ ﻋﺎم اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت ﻣﯿﮟ ﮨﻤﺎری ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺘﯿﮟ اﺻﻞ ﻣﯿﮟ ﮐﯿﺎ‬
‫ﻟﮍ رﮨﯽ ﮨﯿﮟ؟ ان ﮐﮯ ﮐﯿﺎ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺑﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ؟ وہ اﭘﻨﮯ ﺣﻠﻘﻮں ﺳﮯ ﮐﯿﺎ‬
‫ ﻓﺮوری ﮐﮯ ﺑﻌﺪ اﭘﻨﮯ‬8 ‫ ﺟﻦ ﮐﯽ اﮐﺜﺮﯾﺖ‬،‫وﻋﺪے ﮐﺮﻧﮯ ﮐﻮ ﺗﯿﺎر ﮨﯿﮟ‬
‫ﺳﻤﺎﺟﯽ اور ﻣﻌﺎﺷﯽ ﺣﺎﻻت ﻣﯿﮟ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎں ﺑﮩﺘﺮی ﮐﯽ ﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﮐﺮ رﮨﯽ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ ﯾﮧ‬،‫؟ ﭘﻮﻟﻨﮓ ﮐﮯ دن ﺳﮯ ﺗﯿﻦ ﮨﻔﺘﻮں ﺳﮯ ﺑﮭﯽ ﮐﻢ ﻋﺮﺻﮧ ﮔﺰرا ﮨﮯ‬
‫ﻋﺠﯿﺐ ﺑﺎت ﮨﮯ ﮐﮧ ﮨﻢ اﺑﮭﯽ ﺗﮏ ﻧﮩﯿﮟ ﺟﺎﻧﺘﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ۔ دوڑ ﻣﯿﮟ ﺳﺐ‬
‫ ﻧﮯ ﺑﮍی ﺣﺪ‬- ‫ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻟﯿﮓ )ن( اور ﭘﯽ ﭘﯽ ﭘﯽ‬،‫ ﭘﯽ ﭨﯽ آﺋﯽ‬- ‫ﺳﮯ آﮔﮯ‬
‫ﺗﮏ اس ﺑﺎرے ﻣﯿﮟ ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻼت ﻓﺮاﮨﻢ ﮐﺮﻧﮯ ﺳﮯ ﮔﺮﯾﺰ ﮐﯿﺎ ﮨﮯ ﮐﮧ وہ‬
‫اﭘﻨﯽ ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺘﻮں ﮐﻮ ﭼﻼﻧﮯ ﮐﺎ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺑﮧ ﮐﯿﺴﮯ ﺑﻨﺎﺗﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ۔ ﭘﯽ ﭘﯽ ﭘﯽ‬
‫ ﻧﮑﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﻮں ﮐﯽ ﻓﮩﺮﺳﺖ ﺟﺎری ﮐﯽ ﮨﮯ‬10 ‫ﻧﮯ اﻋﺘﺮاف ﮐﯿﺎ ﮨﮯ ﮐﮧ‬
‫ ﻟﯿﮑﻦ اس ﮐﮯ ﭘﺎس اس ﺣﻮاﻟﮯ ﺳﮯ‬،‫ﺟﺴﮯ اس ﻧﮯ ’’ﻣﻨﺸﻮر‘‘ ﮐﮩﺎ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻼت ﮐﯽ ﮐﺘﻨﯽ ﮐﻤﯽ ﮨﮯ ﮐﮧ اس ﮐﮯ ﻣﮩﺘﻮاﮐﺎﻧﮑﺸﯽ وﻋﺪوں ﮐﻮ‬
‫ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻟﯿﮓ )ن( ﻧﮯ اﭘﻨﮯ ﻃﻮﯾﻞ‬،‫ﮐﯿﺴﮯ ﭘﻮرا ﮐﯿﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ۔ درﯾﮟ اﺛﻨﺎ‬
،‫اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﮐﮯ ﻣﻨﺸﻮر ﮐﯽ ﻧﻘﺎب ﮐﺸﺎﺋﯽ ﻣﯿﮟ ﺗﺎﺧﯿﺮ ﺟﺎری رﮐﮭﯽ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ﺟﺐ ﮐﮧ ﭘﯽ ﭨﯽ آﺋﯽ ﻧﮯ اﯾﮏ ﻧﺎﮐﺎم ﮐﻮﺷﺶ ﮐﯽ اس ﺳﮯ ﭘﮩﻠﮯ ﮐﮧ اس‬
‫ﮐﯽ ﺑﻘﺎ ﮐﻮ درﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﺎزہ ﭼﯿﻠﻨﺠﺰ اﭘﻨﯽ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﺮ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﺋﯿﺎں اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬
‫ﮐﺮﻧﮯ ﻟﮕﯿﮟ۔‬
‫ﯾﮧ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻧﮩﯿﮟ دی ﺟﺎ ﺳﮑﺘﯽ ﮐﮧ ﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﻦ ﮐﮯ ﭘﺎس ﺗﯿﺎری ﮐﮯ ﻟﯿﮯ‬
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت آﺋﯿﻨﯽ‬،‫ﮐﺎﻓﯽ وﻗﺖ ﻧﮩﯿﮟ ﮨﮯ۔ ﺷﺮوع ﮐﺮﻧﮯ واﻟﻮں ﮐﮯ ﻟﯿﮯ‬
‫ﭨﺎﺋﻢ ﻻﺋﻦ ﮐﮯ ﺗﺤﺖ ﮨﻮﻧﮯ ﮐﮯ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒًﺎ ﺗﯿﻦ ﻣﺎہ ﺑﻌﺪ ﮐﺮاﺋﮯ ﺟﺎ رﮨﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ۔‬
‫اس ﮐﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﮨﮯ ﮐﮧ ﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﻦ ﮐﻮ اﭘﻨﮯ اﯾﮑﺸﻦ ﭘﻼن ﭘﺮ ﮐﺎم ﮐﺮﻧﮯ ﮐﮯ‬
‫ ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن ﮐﯽ ﻣﻌﺎﺷﯽ‬،‫ﻟﯿﮯ ﻣﺰﯾﺪ ﺗﯿﻦ ﻣﺎہ ﻣﻠﮯ۔ ﺻﺮف ﯾﮩﯽ ﻧﮩﯿﮟ‬
‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﮐﻮ ﮔﺰﺷﺘﮧ ڈﯾﮍھ ﺳﺎل ﮐﮯ دوران اﭼﮭﯽ ﻃﺮح ﺳﮯ اﻟﮓ ﮐﯿﺎ‬
‫ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﮨﺮ ﭘﺎرﭨﯽ ﮐﮯ ﭘﺎﻟﯿﺴﯽ زار ﮐﮯ ﭘﺎس اﭘﻨﯽ ﺗﺠﺎوﯾﺰ ﮐﮯ‬،‫ﮔﯿﺎ ﮨﮯ‬
 Saturday , 20 January 2024
material to come up with their proposals ‫ ﺗﺠﻮﯾﺰ‬on
how best to address them. Lastly, considering how
hard the entire state apparatus has been pushing
for a political reset, one would have assumed that
the parties being positioned to fill the vacuum —
left after the PTI’s relegation to ‘non grata’ status —
would have had some new ideas with which to rally
public support to their side. Clearly, nobody seems
to have taken much interest in doing their
homework.
It seems that the parties are greatly
underestimating the burden they will receive if they
come to power. Considering the plethora of
challenges being faced by the country, navigating
‫ ﮔﺸﺖ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ‬the troubled waters Pakistan is in will not
be an easy task. Whichever party goes on to form
the next government will face steep challenges
during a period of painful social and economic
adjustment. In this context, it would have been
helpful for voters, observers and commentators to
have reference to some document against which
they could judge each party’s suitability to govern
at such a critical juncture ‫ ﻧﺎزک ﻣﻮڑ‬in the country’s
history. Unfortunately, the bigger parties have
chosen the ad hoc approach: get power first,
decide what to do with it later. They ought to take a
lesson from the Jamaat-i-Islami, which, despite its
very modest prospects ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎﻟﯽ‬, seems to have
expended considerable thought and effort on
delineating what it can achieve if given executive
power.
Published in Dawn, January 20th, 2024
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Opinion With Translation, Newspaper 0322 9117651
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‫ﺳﺎﺗﮫ آﻧﮯ ﮐﮯ ﻟﯿﮯ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ وﻗﺖ اور ﻣﻮاد ﺗﮭﺎ ﮐﮧ ان ﺳﮯ ﻧﻤﭩﻨﮯ ﮐﮯ ﻟﯿﮯ‬
‫ اس ﺑﺎت ﭘﺮ ﻏﻮر ﮐﺮﺗﮯ ﮨﻮﺋﮯ‬،‫ﺑﮩﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﮯ ﺳﮯ ﮐﯿﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ۔ آﺧﺮ ﻣﯿﮟ‬
‫ﮐﮧ ﭘﻮرا رﯾﺎﺳﺘﯽ آﻟﮧ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺤﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﮯ ﻟﯿﮯ ﮐﺲ ﻗﺪر ﻣﺤﻨﺖ ﮐﺮ رﮨﺎ‬
‫ ﮐﻮﺋﯽ ﯾﮧ ﺳﻤﺠﮭﮯ ﮔﺎ ﮐﮧ ﺟﻮ ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺘﯿﮟ اس ﺧﻼ ﮐﻮ ُﭘﺮ ﮐﺮﻧﮯ ﮐﯽ‬،‫ﮨﮯ‬
‫ ﺟﻮ ﭘﯽ ﭨﯽ آﺋﯽ ﮐﮯ 'ﻧﺎن ﮔﺮاﭨﺎ' ﺳﭩﯿﭩﺲ ﭘﺮ ﺟﺎﻧﮯ‬- ‫ﭘﻮزﯾﺸﻦ ﻣﯿﮟ ﮨﯿﮟ‬
‫ ان ﮐﮯ ﺳﺎﺗﮫ ﮐﭽﮫ ﻧﺌﮯ ﺧﯿﺎﻻت ﮨﻮں ﮔﮯ۔ ﺟﻮ‬،‫ﮐﮯ ﺑﻌﺪ رہ ﮔﺌﯽ ﮨﯿﮟ‬
،‫ان ﮐﮯ ﺳﺎﺗﮫ ﻋﻮاﻣﯽ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﮐﻮ ﺟﻤﻊ ﮐﺮﻧﮯ ﮐﮯ ﻟﯿﮯ۔ واﺿﺢ ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ‬
‫اﯾﺴﺎ ﻟﮕﺘﺎ ﮨﮯ ﮐﮧ ﮐﺴﯽ ﻧﮯ ﺑﮭﯽ اﭘﻨﺎ ﮨﻮم ورک ﮐﺮﻧﮯ ﻣﯿﮟ زﯾﺎدہ‬
‫دﻟﭽﺴﭙﯽ ﻧﮩﯿﮟ ﻟﯽ۔‬
‫اﯾﺴﺎ ﻟﮕﺘﺎ ﮨﮯ ﮐﮧ ﭘﺎرﭨﯿﺎں اس ﺑﻮﺟﮫ ﮐﻮ ﺑﮩﺖ ﮐﻢ ﺳﻤﺠﮫ رﮨﯽ ﮨﯿﮟ‬
‫ﺟﻮ ان ﮐﮯ اﻗﺘﺪار ﻣﯿﮟ آﻧﮯ ﮐﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﯿﮟ ﭘﮍے ﮔﯽ۔ ﻣﻠﮏ ﮐﻮ‬
‫ ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن ﮐﮯ زﯾِﺮ‬،‫درﭘﯿﺶ ﭼﯿﻠﻨﺠﺰ ﮐﯽ ﮐﺜﺮت ﮐﻮ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ رﮐﮭﺘﮯ ﮨﻮﺋﮯ‬
‫آب ﭘﺎﻧﯿﻮں ﻣﯿﮟ ﮔﺸﺖ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ آﺳﺎن ﮐﺎم ﻧﮩﯿﮟ ﮨﻮﮔﺎ۔ ﺟﻮ ﺑﮭﯽ ﭘﺎرﭨﯽ‬
‫اﮔﻠﯽ ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ ﺑﻨﺎﺗﯽ ﮨﮯ اﺳﮯ ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ دہ ﺳﻤﺎﺟﯽ اور ﻣﻌﺎﺷﯽ‬
‫اﯾﮉﺟﺴﭩﻤﻨﭧ ﮐﮯ دوران ﺳﺨﺖ ﭼﯿﻠﻨﺠﺰ ﮐﺎ ﺳﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﭘﮍے ﮔﺎ۔ اس‬
‫ ﻣﺒﺼﺮﯾﻦ اور ﺗﺒﺼﺮہ ﻧﮕﺎروں ﮐﮯ ﻟﯿﮯ ﮐﺴﯽ‬،‫ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻣﯿﮟ راﺋﮯ دﮨﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬
‫دﺳﺘﺎوﯾﺰ ﮐﺎ ﺣﻮاﻟﮧ دﯾﻨﺎ ﻣﺪدﮔﺎر ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﮨﻮﺗﺎ ﺟﺲ ﮐﮯ ﺧﻼف وہ ﻣﻠﮑﯽ‬
‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﮯ اس ﻧﺎزک ﻣﻮڑ ﭘﺮ ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ ﮐﺮﻧﮯ ﮐﮯ ﻟﯿﮯ ﮨﺮ ﭘﺎرﭨﯽ ﮐﯽ‬
‫ ﺑﮍی ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺘﻮں ﻧﮯ‬،‫ﻣﻮزوﻧﯿﺖ ﮐﺎ اﻧﺪازہ ﻟﮕﺎ ﺳﮑﺘﮯ۔ ﺑﺪﻗﺴﻤﺘﯽ ﺳﮯ‬
‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﯿﮟ‬،‫ ﭘﮩﻠﮯ اﻗﺘﺪار ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮐﺮﯾﮟ‬:‫اﯾﮉﮨﺎک ﻃﺮﯾﻘﮧ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﮐﯿﺎ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ﻓﯿﺼﻠﮧ ﮐﺮﯾﮟ ﮐﮧ اس ﮐﮯ ﺳﺎﺗﮫ ﮐﯿﺎ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﮨﮯ۔ اﻧﮩﯿﮟ ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺖ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬
‫ ﺟﺲ ﻧﮯ اﭘﻨﮯ اﻧﺘﮩﺎﺋﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت ﮐﮯ‬،‫ﺳﮯ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻟﯿﻨﺎ ﭼﺎﮨﯿﮯ‬
‫ اﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣﯽ اﺧﺘﯿﺎرات دﯾﻨﮯ ﮐﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﯿﮟ ﮐﯿﺎ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮐﺮ‬،‫ﺑﺎوﺟﻮد‬
‫ اس ﮐﯽ وﺿﺎﺣﺖ ﮐﺮﻧﮯ ﻣﯿﮟ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺳﻮچ ﺑﭽﺎر اور‬،‫ﺳﮑﺘﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ‬
‫ﮐﻮﺷﺶ ﺻﺮف ﮐﯽ ﮨﮯ۔‬