Inc: He had a hat on his head.
Con: He had a hat on the head.
Rule- 16 : ‘hZ-ZZÕ Gfv‡e e¨eüZ n‡q kã mgwó hw` mgvbycvwZK e„w× ev n«vm eySvq Zvn‡j GiKg
ev‡K¨i Comparative adjective `ywUi Av‡M the e‡m|
The more man gets, the more he wants.
‡Kv_vq The Gi e¨envi nq Ges †Kv_vq The Gi e¨envi nq bv
‡hLv‡b The Gi e¨envi nq
1. Oceans (mgy`ª), River (b`x), Seas
gulf (DcmvMi), Plural lakes
2. Mountains
The Rockey Mountains, the Ander.
3. Earth, Moon
‡hgb- the earth, the moon
4. hw` †Kvb schools, colleges,
universities bvg w`‡q ïiy nq Zvn‡j The
em‡e|
‡hgb: the university of Florida, the
college of Arts and sciences.
5. Noun Gi Av‡M hw` Ordinal Number
_v‡K Zvn‡j the em‡e|
The first world war, the third
chapter.
6. hy‡×i bv‡gi c~‡e© (e¨wZµg World War)
the Korean war, the Crimean war.
7. hw` †Kvb †`‡ki bvg A_ev group GKwU
k‡ãi PvB‡Z †ewk nq Zvn‡j the em‡e|
‡hgb- the United states, the United
Kingdom, the central African
Republic.
8. hw` †Kvb HwZnvwmK Documents †evSvq
Zvn‡j the em‡e|
the constitution, the Magna Corta.
9. hw` RvwZ †evSvq Zvn‡j the em‡e|
the Indian, the Aztecs
‡hLv‡b The Gi e¨envi nq bv
1. hw` Singular lakes †evSvq Z‡e †m‡¶‡Î the Gi
e¨envi n‡e bv| ‡hgb:- Lake Geneva, Lake Eric.
Article
2. Mounts
Mount Vesuvius, Mount Mckinly
3. Plants, Constellations (b¶ÎcyÄ mg~n) †hgbt A/An Gi e¨envi
Venus, Mars, Earth, Orion.
4. hw` †Kvb schools, colleges, universities bvg Rule- 01 : mvaviYZ †Kvb word Gi cÖ_‡g Consonant _vK‡j (†hgb- bird), Zvi Av‡M a e‡m
mg~n Proper Noun w`‡q ïiy nq Zvn‡j The em‡e (†hgb, a bat) Ges Vowel (a, e, I, O, U) _vK‡j (†hgb- an ant) Zvi Av‡M an e‡m
bf| (†hgb- an ant)
‡hgb: Rampura Ideal School, North South 1g A¶i Consonant Consonant 1g A¶i Vowel Vowel
University 1. I see a bat. b 1. They have an ass. a
5. Noun Gi c‡i hw` Cardinal Number _v‡K 2. This is a pen. p 2. I have an umbrella u
Zvn‡j the em‡e bv| 3. Bring me a stick. s 3. Do not move an inch. i
World War one, chapter three. 4. She bought a radio. r 4. He saw an otten. o
5. This is a tree. t 5. We saw an elephant. e
6. QzwUi bv‡gi c~‡e© the em‡e bv| †hgb- Christmas,
Thanksgiving, Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Adha. Rule- 02 : Singular countable noun Gi Av‡M a/an e¨eüZ nq hw` Zvi ¯^vfvweK msL¨v gvÎ
7. hw` †Kvb †`‡ki bvg new w`‡q ïi“ nq A_ev hw` GKwU GiKg bv nq|
†mB †`‡ki bvgwU †Kvb w`‡Ki wb‡`©k K‡i Z‡e the em‡e He lives in a flat.
bv| She is an actress.
‡hgb- New Zealand, South Africa, North Rule- 02 : ‡Kvb Singular noun Gi Av‡M a/an e‡m hw` Zv w`‡q GKB RvZxq A‡bK¨ e¨w³ ev e¯‘
Korea. †evSvq| †hgb-
hw` †Kvb †`‡ki bvg GKwU nq Z‡e the em‡e bv| †hgb- A man must be educated.
France, Sweden, Bangladesh. A child needs milk, or All cheldren need mil.
hw` †Kvb Dcgnv‡`k †evSvq Z‡e the em‡e bv| †hgb- Rule- 04 : Half Gi1 Av‡M a e‡m hLb half ‡Kvb c~Y© msL¨vi (whole number) c‡i e‡m|
Africa, South America. Inc: 1 1Kilogram = one and half kilograms.
hw` †Kvb A½ivR¨ (State) †evSvq Zvn‡j the em‡e bv| Con: 12 Kilograms = one and a half Kilograms.
‡hgb- Florida, Ohio, California. Inc. We2want half holiday.
8. ‡Ljvayjvi bvg Gi c~‡e© the em‡e bv| Con. We want a half-holiday.
‡hgb- Cricket, Basketball. Rule- 05 : cwigvb (quantity) wb‡`©kK wee„wZ‡Z a/an e¨eüZ nq:
a lot of (cÖPzi cwigv‡b)
9. Abstract Nouns Gi c~‡e© the em‡e bv| a great many (A‡bK)
Freedom, Happiness. a great deal of (A‡bK, cÖPzi)
Rule- 06 : `i (Price), AbycvZ (ratio), MwZ‡eM (Speed) BZ¨vw` cÖKvk Ki‡Z a/an e¨eüZ nq|
10. ‡Kvb wel‡qi bv‡gi c~‡e© the em‡e bv| †hgb- The car run eighty kilometers and hour.
English, Mathematics. Rice sells five taka a seer.
Rule- 07 : Exclamatory Sentence (we¯§qm~PK evK¨)-G Singular Countable Noun (hv
MYbv Kiv hvq) Gi Av‡M a/an e‡m:
What a fool you are!
Such a fine picture!
Rule- 08 : a+Mr/Mrs/Miss+Surname- Giæ‡c Rule- 07 : Phrase ev Clause †hvM Kivi Kvi‡Y †Kvb noun ‡K wbw`©ó e‡j wPwýZ Kiv n‡j Zvi
Av‡M:
A Mr. Rob came here. (Mr Rob bv‡g GKRb GLv‡b G‡mwQ‡jb). The bird that I caught was blue.
The girl in blue was very beautiful.
Where ‘a’ is used iustead of ‘an’ Rule- 08 : ‰bKU¨ ev cwiwPwZi Kvi‡Y †Kvb wKQz wbw`©óZv jvf Ki‡j Zvi Av‡M the e‡m| †hgb:
She is in the garden.
Rule- 01 : ‘O’ Gi gZ D”Pvib ‘wa’ ev ‘IqvÕ Gi gZ n‡j (Vowel nIqv ¯^‡Ë¡I) Zvi Av‡M an The doctor came today.
bv e‡m Ôa’ e‡m| Rule- 09 : Superlative degree I Ordinal numeral adjective Gi Av‡M the e‡m|
Inc: I saw an one-eyed man. He is the best boy in the class
Con: I saw a one-eyed man. She is the first girl.
Rule- 02 : Word Gi cÖ_‡g U ev eu ev ew _vK‡j Zvi D”PviY ÔBDÕ ev ew Gi gZ nq Zvn‡j Rule- 10 : RvwZ eySv‡Z, A_©¨vr GK RvZxq me¸‡jv‡K eySv‡Z, Singular Common noun Gi Av‡M
(Vowel nIqv ¯^‡Ë¡I) Zvi Av‡M an bv e‡m a e‡m| the e¨eüZ nq|
He is a university student. The cow (all cows) is a useful animal.
The cow is a useful animal. wKš‘ man (Singular) Øviv gvbeRvwZ (human race) eySv‡Z Zvi Av‡M †Kvb article
They have a ewe. e¨eüZ nq bv|
wKš‘ ‘U’ Av- Gi gZ D”PvwiZ n‡j Zvi Av‡M an e‡mt Z‡e †Kvb we‡kl group of people eySv‡Z the e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i|
She is an unknown woman here. G‡¶‡Î the+adj.+noun Giƒ‡c e¨eüZ nq|
Where ‘an’ is used insted of ‘a’ The poor rickshaw puller (all poor rickshaw puller) lives a miserable life
in Dhaka.
Rule- 03 : Word Gi cÖ_‡g h _vK‡j Ges Zvi c‡i Vowel _vK‡j hw` h Aby”PvwiZ †_‡K Rule- 11 : the + adjective Giƒ‡c e¨eüZ n‡j Zv GK †kªYxi mKj e¨w³‡K (e¯‘ bq) eySvq|
Vowel Gi cÖvavb¨ cvq Zvn‡j Zvi Av‡M a bv e‡m an e‡m| G‡¶‡Î Plural verb e¨eüZ nq|
He worked for an hour. The rich (all rich people) are not always happy.
He is an honest man The poor (all people who are poor) are always happy.
The King left an heir. Rule- 12 : mgy`ª, b`x, ØxccyÄ (GKwU Øxc bq), ce©Z †kªYx (GKwU ce©Z ev ce©Zk„½ bq), †`‡ki
wKš‘ h hw` D”PvwiZ nq Zvn‡j Zvi Av‡M a e‡m| plural bvg, giƒf~wg, AÂj BZ¨vw` proper noun Gi Av‡M the e‡m|
They have a horse. The Atlantic (gnvmvMi) The Sahara (giyf~wg)
Rule- 04 : Abbreviation (k‡ãi msw¶ßiƒc) Gi cÖ_g A¶i Consonant n‡jI Zv D”Pvib The Padma (b`x) TheNetherlands (‡`‡ki plural bvg)
Kivi mgq hw` Vowel Sound Av‡m Zvn‡j Zvi Av‡M a bv e‡m an e‡m| The Himalays (ce©Z‡kªYx) The Andaman (ØxccyÄ)
She is an M.A. AviI K‡qKwU bv‡gi Av‡M The e‡m:
My uncle is an M.B.B.S The Panjab (†`‡ki bvg) The Sudan
wKš‘ cÖ_g Consonant wUi D”Pvi‡Yi mgq hw` Vowel Sound bv Av‡m Zvn‡j Zvi The Hague The mall
Av‡M a e‡m| The Yemen The Strad
She is a B.A/B.Sc/B.Com Rule- 13 : noun+of+noun Giƒ‡c †Kvb bvg MwVZ n‡j Zvi Av‡M the e‡m| ZLb MVbwU nq:
the +noun+of+noun
Uses of the definite article : The The Noun of Noun Meaning
Singular I Plural Dfq noun Gi Av‡M the Gi GKB iƒc _v‡K, cwiewZ©Z nq bv| The Bay of Bengal e‡½vcmvMi
†hgb: the boy, the boys. The Cape of Good Hope DËigvkv Aš—iv
Rule- 05 : †Kvb wbw`©ó e¨w³, cÖvYx I e¯‘‡K †evSv‡Z Common noun Gi Av‡M the e‡m: The United States of America gvwK©b hy³ivóª
Thursday he bought a pen; today he given the pen to me.
Indefinite Definite Rule-14 : adjective+noun Giƒ‡c †Kvb noun MwVZ n‡j Zvi Av‡M the e‡m| †hgb:
1. Do a Works. (†Kvb wKQz Ki) 1. Do the work. (KvRwU Ki) 1. The Arabian Ocean
2. Buy a pen. (†h †Kvb GKwU Kjg †Kb)| 2. Buy the pen. (GB KjgwU †Kb) 2. The Carebean Sea
3. Eat a Mango. 3. Eat the mango. 3. The high street

Rule- 06 : AwØZxq ev AZzjbxq e‡j g‡b Kiv nq Ggb †Kvb e¯‘ ev e¯‘ mgwói bv‡gi Av‡M the Rule- 15 : Possessive adjective (‡hgb- his, her, my, your) Gi c‡i A½ cÖZ¨‡½i bvg
e‡m| †hgb: (†hgb- hand, leg, head) _vK‡j Zvi cwie‡Z© the e¨eüZ nq|
The earth the moon Inc: Pull him here by his ear.
The sky the stars Con: Pull hi here by the ear.