Design of STRAP FOOTING (AXIS 7)

Exterior Column Interior Column

Col. Load,Pw long. Col dim. trans. Col. Dim. Col. Load,Pw long. Col dim. trans. Col. Dim.
590 0.3 0.6 860 0.6 0.3

Allowable soil Pressure, KN/m2 150

Fcu , N/mm2 25
Fy , N/mm2 360
Fy stirrups , N/mm2 240
Col1 c.g to Col2 c,g distance, m 5.15

Step 1: Estimate the dimensions of the plain concrete footings

The location of the resultant of the loads may be determined by taking moment about point o

Y, m 3.204482759

The length of the exterior and interior footings should be assumed such that the pressures under the two footings are almost the same.
This is achoeved by having the resultant of the loads coincided with the c,g of the footing.
The weight of the strap beams, the footings and the soil above may be estimated as 10% of the total loads.

Ptotal, KN 1595

The total required area of plain concrete footing under C1 and C2 equal to :

Area , m2 10.63333333

The thickness of plain concrete footings is assumed to be, mm 300

Assume that the length of the exterior footing, m 2.1 4.326666667 2.080064
Assume that the length of the interior footing, m 2.55 6.306666667 2.511308

To reasonably determine the width of the the footings, The reactions R1 and R2 are calculated by taking moments about R2.

Distance between R1 and R2, m 4.25

R1, KN 786.4352941
R2, KN 808.5647059

Bext., m 2.496619981 taken 2.5

Bint., m 2.113894656 taken 2.15

The Final Chosen dimension of the plain concrete footings are :

Item L, m B, m t, m Area, m2
Exterior footing 2.1 2.5 0.3 5.25
Interior footing 2.55 2.15 0.3 5.4825
Total 10.7325 SAFE , Chosen area more than or equal required area

The c,g of the footings can be obtained by taking moment of area about point O ,

Y, m 3.221034242

Note that the center of gravity of the footings is very close to the location of the resultant of the loads.

Step 2: Dimensions of the reinfored concrete footings

The dimensions of the reinforced concrete footings can be determined as shown in the following table:

Item L, m B, m t, m Area, m2
Exterior footing 1.8 1.9 0.6 3.42
Interior footing 1.95 1.55 0.6 3.0225
Total 6.4425

To ensure the uniform stress distribution, the c.g of the reinforced concrete footings should be coincide
with the resultant as much as possible (usually within 10% is acceptable)
The distance measured from the c.g to point O equal Y1 , where :

Y1 , m 2.964260768

The location of the c,g is close enough to the resultant of the loads.

Step 3: Calculate the ultimate pressure

To ensure that the strap beam will distribute the pressure uniformly, the concrete dim. Are taken as below :
 Assume B , m 0.5
Assume t , m 0.8

the own weight of the strap beam is usually neglected, however, it can be approximately added to the dead
load of each column as follows :

W strap b , KN 51.5

P1 d.l , KN 468.25
P2 d.l , KN 670.75

The ultimate loads for the columns are calculated inorder to calculate the ultimate moment and shear.

Pu1 , KN 910.75
Pu2 , KN 1315.75

To determine the magnitude of Ru1, take the moment about Ru2

Ru1 , KN 1065.991477
Ru2 , KN 1160.508523

The pressure under the exterior footing equal ∂1 592.21749 KN/m2

The pressure under the exterior footing equal ∂2 595.13258 KN/m2

The resulting pressures are slightly different under each footing .

More uniform pressures can be attained by adjusting the dimensions of the footings.
However, the attend accuracy is quite satisfactory (1% difference).

Step 4: Design of the strap beam

Step 4.1: Draw bending moment and shear force diagrams

The computation of shear and moment may be carried out in anormal fashion.
For example, at a distance of 0.50m from the left edge, the forces equal:

Q , KN -614.6412563
M , KN.m -244.7353141

Point of zero shear , m 1.537864078

A computer program was prepared to generate the straining actions at different locations as shown in the table below.
Plots of shear and moment is also in the following figure.

Location (m) Shear force(KN) B.M (KN.m) Notes

0 0 0
0.15 88.83262311 6.662446733 C.L of left column
0.15 -821.9173769 6.662446733 C.L of left column
0.3 -733.0847538 -109.9627131 end face of left column
0.712621359 -488.7231692 -362.034736 intermediate point
1.125242718 -244.3615846 -513.2779498 intermediate point
1.537864078 0 -563.6923544 point of zero shear, Mmax. max. -ve B.M
1.8 155.2414773 -543.3451705 end of left footing
2.641666667 155.2414773 -412.6835938 intermediate point
3.483333333 155.2414773 -282.022017 intermediate point max. shear force
4.325 155.2414773 -151.3604403 start of right footing
5 556.9559659 89.00619673 start face of right column
5.3 735.4957386 282.8739524 C.L of right column
5.3 -580.2542614 282.8739524 C.L of right column
5.6 -401.7144886 135.5786399 end face of right column max. +ve B.M
6.275 0 0 end of footing and strap

1000
800
600
400
200
Location (m)
0
Shear force(KN)
0

5
0.15
0.15
0.3

1.8

5.3
5.3
5.6
0.712621359
1.125242718
1.537864078

2.641666667
3.483333333
4.325
Location (m)

‐200
‐400
‐600
‐800
‐1000
 ‐700
‐600
‐500
‐400

0.712621359
1.125242718
1.537864078

2.641666667
3.483333333
Location (m)
‐300
‐200 B.M (KN.m)

4.325
0.15
0.15
‐100 Location (m)

0.3

1.8

5.3
5.3
5.6
0

5
0
100
200
300
400

Step 4.2: Design for flexure

Design of section1

Assuming that the distance from the c,g. of the reinforcing steel to the concrete surface
is 70 mm, the effective depth equals:

d (mm) 730

The maximum moment equals 563.6923544 KN.m

R 0.084622609

From the chart with R , the reinforcement index ω equal 0.109

As (mm2) 2762.847222

As min smaller of Asmin. 1 or Asmin. 2 1140.625

Asmin1 (mm2) 1140.625
Asmin2 (mm2) 3591.701389

As chosen (mm2) 2762.847222 use 14 ɸ 16 upper reinforcement

Design of section2

The critical section is at face of column, from the output table,

The maximum moment equals 135.5786399 KN.m

R 0.020353333

From the chart with R , the reinforcement index ω equal 0.024

As (mm2) 608.3333333

As min smaller of Asmin. 1 or Asmin. 2 790.83333

Asmin1 (mm2) 1140.625 790.83333
Asmin2 (mm2) 790.8333333

But not less than 547.5

As chosen (mm2) 790.8333333 use 4 ɸ 16 lower reinforcement

Step 4.3: Design the strap beam for shear

The critical section for shear is at span of the strap beam.

Qu (KN) 155.2414773
qu (N/mm2) 0.425319116
qcu (N/mm2) 0.979795897 provide mimimum stirrups

Since qcu > qu , provide minimum stirrups.

In addition, since the width of the beam equals > 350mm , stirrups with four branches shall be used.
Assume spacing 200 mm

Ast. Min.(mm2) 166.6666667

Try four branches 5 ɸ 8 / m

Ast. (mm2) 200 O.K

Step 5: Design of the footings

Step 5.1 : Design for flexure
 A strip of 1.0 m width is taken to determine the area of steel for the footings.

q1 (KN/m2) 311.6934144

The moment is taken at the face of the strap beam as follows:

M 1 (KN.m / m') 76.36488653

Assume that the depth of the footings 600

the calculations may summarized in the following table :

Item Exterior footing Interior footing

Pressure ∂(KN/m) 592.2174874 595.1325758
Footing Width B (m) 1.9 1.55
Pressure q (KN/m2) 311.6934144 383.9565005
Moment (KN.m) 76.36488653 52.91400522
d (mm) 530 530
B (mm) 1000 1000
R 0.010874316 0.007534924
ω 0.018 0.018
As required (mm2) 662.5 662.5
Asmin. (mm2) 883.3333333 883.3333333
As chosen (mm2) 883.3333333 883.3333333
Reinforcement use 5 ɸ 16 use 5 ɸ 16

Step 5.2 : Design the footings for shear

The critical section for shear is at d/2 from the face of the strap beam.
Noting that the depth of the footing,m 530

X 0.26
Qu (KN) 194.6659457
qu (N/mm2) 0.188356019
qcu (N/mm2) 0.653197265 Footing is considered safe for shear stress

The design of F1 for shear is summarized in the following table:

Item F1
Pressure q (KN/m2) 311.6934144
b (m) 1.9
x (m) 0.435
Qu (KN) 244.0559435
qu (N/mm2) 0.25582384
qcu (N/mm2) 0.653197265 Footing is considered safe for shear stress