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SAÜ-TF-EEM
Yrd.Doç.Dr. Azim GÖKÇE
Berilyum ve Magnezyum aynı kristal yapıdadır.
Si Oxygen
Noncrystalline materials...
• atoms have no periodic packing
• occurs for: -complex structures
-rapid cooling
"Amorphous" = Noncrystalline noncrystalline SiO2
Adapted from Fig. 3.23(b),
Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
Metallic Crystal Structures
How can we stack metal atoms to minimize empty
space?
2-dimensions
vs.
Kristal katıların bazı özellikleri, malzemelerin kristal yapılarına, yani atomların, iyonların ya
da moleküllerin üç boyutlu olarak meydana getirdikleri düzene bağlıdır.
• Coordination # = 6
(# nearest neighbors)
ADF, birim hücredeki bütün atomların, katı-küre modeline göre, birim hücre içinde kalan toplam küresel
hacimlerinin, birim hücre hacmine oranıdır.
Atomic Packing Factor (APF)
Volume of atoms in unit cell*
APF =
Volume of unit cell
*assume hard spheres
• APF for a simple cubic structure = 0.52
volume
atoms atom
a 4
unit cell 1 p (0.5a) 3
3
R=0.5a APF =
a3 volume
close-packed directions
unit cell
contains 8 x 1/8 =
1 atom/unit cell
Adapted from Fig. 3.24,
Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
Yüzey merkez kübik yapı (YMK)
• Atoms touch each other along face diagonals.
--Note: All atoms are identical; the face-centered atoms are shaded
differently only for ease of viewing.
A
• FCC Unit Cell B
C
Chapter 3 -
Chapter 3 -
Chapter 3 - 18
Atomic Packing Factor: FCC
• APF for a face-centered cubic structure = 0.74
maximum achievable APF
Close-packed directions:
length = 4R = 2 a
2a
Unit cell contains:
6 x 1/2 + 8 x 1/8
= 4 atoms/unit cell
a
Adapted from
Fig. 3.1(a),
Callister & atoms volume
Rethwisch 8e. 4
unit cell 4 p ( 2a/4) 3
3 atom
APF =
3 volume
a
unit cell
Hacim Merkez Kübik Yapı (HMK)
• Atoms touch each other along cube diagonals.
--Note: All atoms are identical; the center atom is shaded
differently only for ease of viewing.
2a
Close-packed directions:
Adapted from R length = 4R = 3 a
Fig. 3.2(a), Callister &
Rethwisch 8e.
a
atoms volume
4
unit cell 2 p ( 3a/4) 3
3 atom
APF =
volume
a3
unit cell 24
Hekzagonal sıkı paket (HSP)
• ABAB... Stacking Sequence
• 3D Projection • 2D Projection
(g/cm3 )
5
Ceramics have... 4
Titanium
Al oxide
• less dense packing 3
Diamond
Si nitride
Aluminum Glass -soda
• often lighter elements Concrete
Silicon PTFE
Glass fibers
GFRE*
2 Carbon fibers
Polymers have... Magnesium Graphite
Silicone CFRE*
Aramid fibers
PVC
• low packing density PET
PC
AFRE*
1 HDPE, PS
(often amorphous) PP, LDPE
• lighter elements (C,H,O)
0.5
Composites have... 0.4
Wood