ELECTRICAL DESIGN REPORT

Introduction

Electrical installation design for a building provides primarily the necessary energy/power
requirement of the building in order to facilitate the functional service the buildings constructed
for. Power supply installation is used to provide the energy requirement for illumination/lighting
the area, socket outlet for electronics gadget and heat for cooking and water boiling, water pump,
air conditioning service and other auxiliary services. Besides these other services such as
telecommunication, informational data transfer and multimedia installation should be included in
the design procedure. These services installation depends on the type of building, the function of
the room or area and the scale of the demand of the user or owner.

Protection and safety against electric shocks & electric fires consists in providing provision for
basic protection (protection against direct contact) with coordinated provision for fault protection
(protection against indirect contact- earth leakage current). The provision for fault protection
consists measures of automatic disconnection of supply as well as the implementation of a system
earthing and equipotential bonding (TT, TN and IT system). Protection against external fault
(Lightning protection) should consider the probability and possible magnitude of lightning stroke
and the associated risk assessment for life and equipment damage encountered.

Electrical design procedure needs to consider compliance with regulations. Regulations may be
based on national (EBCS-10) or international standards such as the IEC 60364 series. Conformity
of equipment according to the appropriate product standards used within the installation is also of
prime importance for the level of safety and quality. Environmental conditions as well as energy
efficiency will become more and more stringent and will need to be considered at the design stage
of the installation during material selection. Implementation of active energy efficiency measures
within the electrical installation can produce high benefits for the user or owner: reduced power
consumption, reduced cost of energy, better use of electrical equipment.

A review of all applications needing to be supplied with electricity is to be done. Any possible
extensions or modifications during the whole life of the electrical installation are to be considered.
The total current or power demand can be calculated from the data relative to the location and
power of each load, together with the knowledge of the operating modes (steady state demand,
starting conditions, non-simultaneous operation, etc.) Estimation of the maximum power demand
may use various factors depending on the type of application; type of equipment and type of
circuits used within the electrical installation.

Determination of the most suitable architecture of the LV main distribution and LV power
distribution level is often the result of optimization and compromise. The distribution equipment
(panelboards, switchgears, circuit connections, ...) are determined from building plans and from
the location and grouping of loads. The type of premises and allocation can influence their
immunity to external disturbances. In most electrical installation, different external influences may
be encountered and need to be considered independently. As a result of these external influences
proper selection of equipment according to their IP or IK codes has to be made.

The Low Voltage level electrical installation will be connected to the local power network and
service provider, in this case the Ethiopian Electric Power Utility (EEU), and will (necessarily)
be metered according to LV tariffs.

Characteristics of the Building

Building Function: Hotel

Location: Debrebirhan Town

Number of Floor: Nine (basement floor, ground floor, first up to seventh floor)

Other services: Air-Conditioned bed room with elevator locomotion

Maximum Electric Power Demand: 76.54 kW

Transformer required: 100 KVA by 15 kV ∆∕ Y 400 V oil immersed type

• The power supply to the building will be tapped off from the Transformer at 400 V, three
phase, four wire and 50Hz system with solidly grounded neutral, TN-S earthing
arrangement. The service-main cable from the distribution transformer to the KVAh meter
is buried in the ground inside 90 mm PVC conduit. The Distribution Transformer is fed
from nearest feeder at 15 kV, 3 phase 3 wire system. The installation, commissioning
authorization of the distribution transformer is done by local power supply service
provider, in this case EEU.
Low Voltage Electrical System Installation Design Includes:

❖ Illumination Design, Lamp and Luminaire Selection

❖ Estimation of power demand and current requirement of Different loads
❖ Conductor (wire or cable) Selection, Sizing and Containment (conduit, trunk, duct …)
❖ Electrical system earthing and equipotential bonding
❖ LV main distribution, LV sub distribution architecture and LV switchgear Design
❖ Lightning Protection System Design and integration with system earthing
❖ Telecommunication System Allocation (Telephone and Data system)
❖ Multimedia System Allocation (Television and Audio (PAS) service)

1. Illumination Design, Lamp and Luminaire Selection

1.1 Lamp and Luminaire Selection

Lamp Selection

There are four main categories of lamps available to be selected:

• Tungsten filament lamps (incandescent)

• Fluorescent lamps
• High-intensity discharge lamps.
• LED

Each category has different operating characteristics and is appropriate in different circumstances,
depending on the relative importance of cost, life, color appearance, color rendering and luminous
efficacy, aesthetics and mode of the environment.

It should be noted that the Building Regulations now require the use, in most cases, of energy
efficient lamps. However, the luxurious nature of the hotel dictates to consider aesthetics and
modes of the service the rooms provide.

The following table is a quick reference of the most common lamp types, comparing their energy
use, color rendering, life, and where they are typically used.
Light Source Energy Color Life Lighting Mode of Sample
efficiency Rendering Function environment Application
Index (Apparent
(CRI) color)

LED Low ≈ 70+ Very Long Accent, Intermediate Living room,

Task, café,
Decorative restaurant,
bar
Compact Medium ≈ 80 Intermediate Ambient, Cool Office,
Fluorescent Task Auditorium,
(CFL) Library, Bed
room
Linear Medium ≈ 80 Long Ambient, Cool Office,
Fluorescent Task Auditorium,
Library, Bed
room
Standard High 100 Very Short Task, Warm Living room,
Incandescent Accent, Café,
Decorative Restaurant,
Bar
Halogen High 100 Short Task, warm Living room,
Incandescent Accent, Café,
Decorative Restaurant,
Bar
Table

Luminaire Selection

For good lighting practice, it is important for visual performance, the feeling of comfort and well-
being as well as safety of the personnel to be considered. In this regard, selection of appropriate
Luminaire (light fitting) plays a vital role. During the selection of luminaire, the following
parameters determine luminous environment:

— Luminance Distribution (Uniformity and Contrast) — illuminance ratio,

— Illuminance
— Glare (UGR),
— Directionality of light— Down or Up lighting,
— color rendering and color appearance of the light,
— Flicker and Stroboscopic effects,
— Energy efficiency.
— Aesthetics
— Architectural integrity
— Cost

Note: Lighting control can be required to achieve adequate flexibility for the variety of tasks
performed.

1.2 Illumination Design

The CIBSE Code for Interior Lighting Design as well as European standard for interior workplace
lighting EN 12464 series gives recommended maintained illuminances for a wide variety of
installations. The level of illuminance required depends on four factors:

• The importance of the visual task and the consequences of errors.

• The difficulty of the visual task.
• The duration for which the task is undertaken.
• The eyesight of the user.

The method used for Interior Lighting Design in this project is LUMEN (luminous flux) METHOD
OF LIGHT CALCULATION. This method considers down lighting scheme and used to calculate
the average illuminance on working planes, or to calculate the number of luminaires required to
provide a specified average illuminance in rooms. The following formula is used:

N(n ∙ ϕ) × MF × UF E×A
E= or N =
A MF × UF × n × ϕ
 Where:

N = Number of luminaires required

E = Maintained Illuminance (lux)

ϕ = Lamp flux output (lumens)

n = Number of lamps in luminaire

MF = Maintenance factor

UF = Utilization factor

A = Area of room (m2)

Lamp flux output – Consider an installation where lamps are to be replaced after 6000 hours use.
Therefore, the lamp manufacturer's data is checked to see the lamp output after 6000 hours of use.

lamp flux output(ϕ − lumen output at 6000 hrs)

= initial lamp light output (100hrs) × LLMF

LLMF = lamp lumen maintenance factor

Maintenance Factor (MF) – take account of the reduction in illuminance over the maintenance
period.

MF = RSMF × LMF × LLMF × LSF

Where:

RSMF = Room Surface Maintenance Factor

LMF = Luminaire Maintenance Factor

LLMF = lamp lumen maintenance factor

LSF = Lamp Survival Factor

Utilization factor (UF) – takes account of the loss of light due to absorption on room surfaces.

Lumens received on Working Plane

UF =
Lumens output of luminaires
Utilization factor can be determined from the manufacturers data table for the specific luminaire
selected by calculating the room space index (RI) and Room surface reflectance (ceiling, wall and
floor reflectance) index

L×W
RI =
(L + W) × Hm

Where:

L = the length of the room

W = the width of the room

Hm = the height of the luminaires above the working plane (working plane taken as 0.7
meter above the floor)

Sample Calculation:

G + 1 Café and Restaurant Room Illumination Design

Length of the room = 8.7 m
Width of the room = 7.0m
Ceiling paint and light reflection factor = white – 0.7
Wall and Partition paint and light reflection factor = Light gray – 0.5
Floor light reflection factor = 0.3
Maintained/Rated Illuminance level = 150 lux
Luminaire 1: MASSIVE 30244/48/10
Closed top with reflector and Diffuser IP 20
Lamp 1: Osram 1 x 2GX13/22W Circular Fluorescent Lamp
Luminaire 2: MASSIVE 81531/13/11 with 1 x PL/13W LAMP
Lamp 2: 1 x PL/13W LAMP

Note:
• Light points are grouped in maximum number of 10 to form a single circuit not to exceed
10A single-phase circuit breakers.
• Generally switching mechanism shall be based on the following scenario:
Exterior lighting shall be managed with Tumbler switch.
 Interior lighting shall be controlled with surface/ flush mounted switches
• Lighting of the entire building is proposed to use light fixtures with energy saving LED,
compact fluorescent lamps, and regular fluorescent tube lamps with electronic ballasts with
high PF =0.90 or greater correction.
2. Estimation of Power Demand and Current Requirement of Different Loads
• Power rating of the elevator

Power Supply Plan Hyundai Elevator sets of YZER I – A Type

• Power rating of the pump

ρ × Q × g × Heffective
Pin = Watt
η

Where:

Pin = power rating of the pump

ρ = density of water = 1000 kg/m3

 Q = demanded water discharge = 180 L/min = 0.003 m3/s (used to fill 10000-liter
tanker within an hour)

g = gravitational constant = 9.81 m2/s

η = efficiency due to mechanical, electrical and volumetric loss = 0.85

Heffective = effective height the pump used to push the water.

Heffective = Helevation + Hresidual

Helevation = elevational height of water tanker from the pump = 25 m

Hresidual = residual height increments due to pipe surface friction and pipe bending
(taken as a maximum 20% of the elevational height of water tanker = 5 m)

Hence,

Pin = 1038.706 Watts

From standard of IEC 60947-4-1 Annex G, pump motor rating of 1.1 kW is

selected.

• Power rating of 1 ton Split-System Air conditioner = 1200 Watts

• Power rating of Water Heater Outlet = 1500 Watts – independent circuit
• Power rating of Electric Range Outlet = 3000 Watts – independent circuit
• Each general-purpose Single Socket outlets and Double gang Socket outlets are allocated
with 200 W and 300 W load respectively.

Note: Socket outlets not exceeding six in numbers are grouped into a single circuit with 16A
single-phase circuit breakers. The socket outlets are grouped in such away as not to exceed
1.6KW per circuit.

3. Conductor (wire or cable) Selection, Sizing and Containment (conduit, trunk, duct …)

The current requirement of each circuit load is calculated as:

P
Ib = for single phase circuit
V × cos ∅
 P
Ib = for three phase circuit
√3 × V × cos ∅

P × kb
Ib = for lighting cuircuit
v × cos ∅

Where;

Ib = the load current in amperes

P = the connected load of a circuit in watts,

V = the phase/line voltage in volts

kb = a coefficient which has a value 1 for lamps which do not need any auxiliary starter
and 1.25 for lamps which need auxiliary starter

Cosø = the power factor of the circuit load

= 0.4 for lamps without compensation

= 0.9 for lamps with compensation

= 0.8 for other loads except

= 1.0 for heating load and incandescent lamp

The current carrying capacity of the Conductor and its corresponding size is determined as per
standard table B.52.4 of IEC 60364-5-52, which take into consideration the conductor type,
insulation and sheath type, and method of installation.

The method of installation of a conductor is insulated conductors or single-core cables in PVC

conduit in a thermally insulated wall/slab and multi-core cables in PVC conduit in a thermally
insulated wall/slab inside PVC conduit recessed inside slab and/or wall. Standard table B.52.4 of
IEC 60364-5-52 give current carrying capacity of a conductor of each circuit under the condition
of ambient temperature taken as 30°C and conductors are not bunched together inside a conduit
until the entry point of the distribution board.

Note: As code of practice, the minimum conductor size for any circuit load is taken to be 2.5 mm2.
The basic criterion to select a conductor/cable size is;

Ib ≤ Iz

Where;

Ib is the calculated circuit load current and

Iz is the current carrying capacity of the conductor or cable under specified condition.

3.1 Determination of voltage drop

when carrying load current there is a voltage drop between the origin of the circuit and the load
terminals. The correct operation of a load (a motor, lighting circuit, etc.) depends on the voltage at
its terminals being maintained at a value close to its rated value. The cable size which is determined
by current capacity should be evaluated for voltage drop from the point of supply to the load.

As per IEC60364-5-52, typical values of Maximum allowable voltage-drop for LV installations

are given below in Table (IEC60364-5-52 table G.52.1)

Type of installations Lighting Circuits Other uses (heating and

power)
A low-voltage service connection 3% 5%
from a LV public power distribution
network
Consumers MV/LV substation 6% 8%
supplied from a public distribution
MV system

• IEC 60364-5-52 “Electrical installations of buildings. Selection and erection of electrical

equipment - Wiring systems” Clause 525 states that “in the absence of other considerations
it is recommended that in practice the voltage drop between the origin of consumer’s
installation and the equipment should not be greater than 4% of the rated voltage of the
installation. Other considerations include start-up time for motors and equipment with high
inrush current. Temporary conditions such as voltage transients and voltage variation due
to abnormal operation may be disregarded”.
 • IEC 60204-1 “Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – General
requirements” Clause 13.5 recommends that: “the voltage drop from the point of supply to
the load shall not exceed 5% of the rated voltage under normal operating conditions”.

For an electrical conductor with impedance Z, the voltage drop is calculated by the following
formula:

L
∆V = k × Z × Ib = k × Ib × (r cos φ + x sin φ) volt
n

Where;

k is a coefficient equal to:

– 2 for single-phase and two-phase systems;

– √3 for three-phase systems;

Ib [A] is the load current; if no information is available, the cable carrying capacity Iz shall
be considered;

L [km] is the length of the conductor;

n is the number of conductors in parallel per phase;

r [Ω/km] is the resistance of the single cable per kilometer;

x [Ω/km] is the reactance of the single cable per kilometer;

cos ϕ is the power factor of the load: sin φ = √1 − (cos φ)2

Normally, the percentage value in relation to the rated value V is calculated by:

∆V
∆V% = × 100
V

3.2 Protection against overload

The Standard IEC 60364-4-43 “Electrical installation of buildings - Protection against

overcurrent” specifies coordination between conductors and overload protective devices (normally
placed at the beginning of the conductor to be protected) so that it shall satisfy the two following
conditions:

Ib ≤ In ≤ Iz

Ie ≤ 1.45Iz

Where:

Ib is the current for which the circuit is dimensioned;

Iz is the continuous current carrying capacity of the cable;

In is the rated current of the protective device; for adjustable protective releases, the rated
current In is the set current;

Ie is the current ensuring effective operation in the conventional time of the protective
device.

3.3 Protection against short-circuit

A cable is protected against short-circuit if the specific let-through energy of the protective device
(I2t) is lower or equal to the withstood energy of the cable (k2S2):

I2 × t ≤ K 2 × A2

Where:

I2t is the specific let-through energy of the protective device which can be read on the curves
supplied by the manufacturer or from a direct calculation in the case of devices that are not limiting
and delaying; I is short circuit current and t is breaker tripping time

A is the cable cross section [mm2]; in the case of conductors in parallel it is the cross section of
the single conductor;

K is a factor that depends on the cable insulating and conducting material (in this case, K = 115 as
per IEC 60364-4-43).

Short-circuit current at the secondary terminals of a MV/LV distribution transformer

The case of one transformer

In a simplified approach, the impedance of the MV system is assumed to be negligibly small, so
that:

In × 100 S × 103
Isc = where In =
Vsc √3 × Vo

Where:

S = kVA rating of the transformer

Vo = phase-to-phase secondary volts on open circuit

In = nominal current in amps

Isc = short-circuit fault current in amps

Vsc = short-circuit impedance voltage of the transformer in %. (For oil immersed type, Vsc
= 4 for 50 – 750 kVA or = 6 for 800 – 3200 kVA)

• In case of several transformers in parallel feeding a busbar, the value of fault current on an
outgoing circuit immediately downstream of the busbars can be estimated as the sum of
the Isc from each transformer calculated separately.

Three-phase short-circuit current (Isc) at any point within a LV installation

In a 3-phase installation Isc at any point is given by:

Vo
Isc =
√3 × ZT

Where:

Vo = phase-to-phase voltage of the open circuited secondary windings of the power supply
transformer(s).

ZT = total impedance per phase of the installation upstream of the fault location (in Ω)

Determination of the impedance of each component

➢ For network upstream of the MV/LV transformer: The 3-phase short-circuit fault level Psc,
in kA or in MVA is given by the power supply authority concerned, from which an
 equivalent impedance can be deduced. A formula which makes this deduction and at the
same time converts the impedance to an equivalent value at LV is given, as follows:

Vo2
Zs =
Psc

Where:

Zs = impedance of the MV voltage network, expressed in milli-ohms

Vo = phase-to-phase no-load LV voltage, expressed in volts

Psc = MV 3-phase short-circuit fault level, expressed in kVA

Psc Vo (V) Ra (mΩ) Xa (mΩ)

250 MVA 420 0.07 0.7

500 MVA 420 0.035 0.351

For Transformers: The impedance Ztr of a transformer, viewed from the LV terminals, is given by
the formula:

Vo2
Ztr = Vsc ×
Sn

Where:

Vo = open-circuit secondary phase-to-phase voltage expressed in volts

Sn = rating of the transformer (in VA)

Vsc = the short-circuit impedance voltage of the transformer expressed in %

In the absence of more precise information on transformer characteristics, Cenelec 50480 suggests
to use the following guidelines: if Vo is not known, it may be assumed to be 1.05 Vn.

For Busbars and Circuit conductors: The resistance of busbars is generally negligible, so that the
impedance is practically all reactive, and amounts to approximately 0.15 mΩ/meter length for LV
busbars

The resistance of a conductor/busbar (Rc) is given by the formula:

 L
Rc = ρ ×
A

Where:

ρ = the resistivity of the conductor material at the normal operating temperature:

• ρ has to be considered:

at cold state (20°C) to determine maximum short-circuit current,

at steady state (normal operating temperature) to determine minimum short-circuit current.

L = length of the conductor in m

A = cross-sectional area of conductor in mm2

• Cable reactance values can be obtained from the manufacturers. For cross-sectional area
of less than 50 mm2 reactance may be ignored. In the absence of other information, a value
of 0.08 mΩ/meter may be used (for 50 Hz systems) or 0.096 mΩ/meter (for 60 Hz systems).
• Values of r as a function of the temperature, cable insulation and cable core material,
according to IEC60909-0 and Cenelec TR 50480 (in mΩ.mm²/m).

20 °C PR/XLPE 90 °C PVC 70 °C

Copper 18.51 23.69 22.21

Alu 29.41 37.65 35.29

Note: All wires and cables shall run in rigid thermoplastic conduit of appropriate size (that confirm
to DIN 49017) of not less than 16mm diameter under plastered wall or slab and/or ceiling.

Sample Calculation

4. Electrical System Earthing and Equipotential Bonding

Besides providing basic insulation of live parts, an additional measure of protection against the
hazards of direct contact is provided by the use of residual current operating device, which operate
at 30 mA or less, and are referred to as RCDs of high sensitivity
According to IEC 60364-4-41, additional protection by means of high sensitivity RCDs (I∆n ≤ 30
mA) must be provided for circuits supplying socket-outlets with a rated current ≤ 20 A in all
locations, and for circuits supplying mobile equipment with a rated current ≤ 32 A for use outdoors.

Protection against indirect contact hazards can be achieved by automatic disconnection of the
supply as well as the exposed-conductive-parts of equipment are properly earthed.

IT earthing system with the neutral point of its power supply source is connected to earth through
high standard impedance. In this system, all exposed and extraneous-conductive-parts of the
installation are earthed via an installation earth electrode. A permanent monitoring of the insulation
of phase to earth must be provided, coupled with an alarm signal (audio and/or flashing lights, etc.)
operating in the event of a first earth fault.

The maximum length of a circuit or the maximum protected length (MPL) in a IT-earthed installation
is given by the formula:

0.8 × √3 × 𝑉 × 𝐴𝑝ℎ
𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 3 − phase 3 − wire installation
2 × 𝜌 × 𝐼𝑎 × (1 + 𝑚)

0.8 × 𝑉 × 𝐴𝑝ℎ
𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 3 − phase 4 − wire installation (This is the design case)
2 × 𝜌 × 𝐼𝑎 × (1 + 𝑚)

Where:

Lmax = maximum length in meters

Vo = phase volts = 230 V for a 230/400 V system

ρ = resistivity at normal working temperature in ohm-mm2/meter (= 22.5 x 10-3 for copper;

= 36 x 10-3 for aluminium)

Ia = trip current setting for the instantaneous operation of a circuit breaker, or

Ia = the current which assures operation of the protective fuse concerned, in the specified
time.

m = Aph/APE =

Aph = cross-sectional area of the phase conductors of the circuit concerned in mm2.
APE = cross-sectional area of the protective conductor concerned in mm2.

Protective conductor cross section for phase and protective conductors having the same insulation
and conductive material.

Phase conductor cross section, Aph Protective conductor cross section, APE
[mm2] [mm2]
A ≤ 16 A
16 < A ≤ 35 16
A > 35 A/2
5. LV main distribution, LV sub distribution architecture and LV switchgear Design
Incoming middle voltage (15 kV) power from EEU transformed into 3-phase 400 V by
customer DT and then let through three-phase energy meter to reaches to the Main Distribution
Board (MDB-BF) located on the basement floor.

The MDB-BF is capable of handling a maximum of 24 circuits breakers. It is supplied with a

(4 x 70 + 1 x 50) mm2 PVC insulated, PVC sheathed copper conductor to handle a maximum
load of 76.54 kw with rated current of 3 x 150 A master circuit breaker.

Regardless of calculated value of load, power to basement floor sub-distribution, SDB-BF, of

the building served by 5 x 2.5 mm2 PVC insulated, PVC sheathed copper conductor through
rated current of 3 x 10 A main circuit breaker. In addition, regardless of calculated value of
load, power to ground floor sub-distribution, SDB-GF of the building served by 5 x 4.0 mm2
PVC insulated, PVC sheathed copper conductor through rated current of 3 x 16 A main circuit
breaker. Similarly, regardless of calculated value of load, power to first floor sub-distribution,
SDB-1F of the building served by 5 x 4.0 mm2 PVC insulated, PVC sheathed copper conductor
through nominal current of 3 x 10 A main circuit breaker. Further, regardless of calculated
value of load, power to one of the second-floor sub-distribution, SDB-2F-A, of the building
reaches served by 5 x 6 mm2 PVC insulated, PVC sheathed copper conductor through nominal
current of 3 x 20 A main circuit breaker and power to the other the second-floor sub-
distribution, SDB-2F-B, of the building reaches served by 5 x 4 mm2 PVC insulated, PVC
sheathed copper conductor through nominal current of 3 x 16 A main circuit breaker. Finally,
regardless of calculated value of load, power to one of third up to seventh floor sub-
 distribution, SDB-3F-A of the building served by 5 x 6 mm2 PVC insulated, PVC sheathed
copper conductor through nominal current of 3 x 20 A main circuit breaker and power to the
other the second-floor sub-distribution, SDB-2F-B, of the building reaches served by 5 x 4
mm2 PVC insulated, PVC sheathed copper conductor through nominal current of 3 x 16 A
main circuit breaker. All cables inside PVC conduits minimum size of 21 mm diameter.

All Distribution Boards is rated with 3-phase 400V supply and having reserve capacity of a
minimum 25% spare space of enclosure, and 35% spare load capacity. Sub Distribution Boards
(SDBs) are situated in suitable location on every floor in accessible locations for safety and
operational requirements.

Further all final circuits are fed through PVC insulated HOV5-U conductors inside PVC
conduits of 16mm, 19mm, 21mm, 27 mm, 32 mm … diameters as appropriate and as shown
on the drawings.

Circuit breakers for branch circuits rated up to 60 amps shall be MCB (miniature circuit
breakers) as per IEC 60947-2. Breakers for circuits with loads beyond 60 amps shall also be
molded case type. Alongside the main circuit breakers, additional Residual Current Device
(RCD) of appropriate rating (30mA, 100mA) are recommended to ensure safety measures
against the risk of electrocution, and fire caused by earth faults.

6. Lightning Protection System Design and Integration with System Earthing

The lightning protection design for this building is based on lightning protection levels I and
lightning protection class I. For this protection level and class, according to IEC 62305-1,
maximum and minimum lightning current parameters are 200 kA and 3 kA respectively.
Each primary risk (Rn) is determined through a long series of calculations as defined within
the standard IEC 62305-1. Therefore, the actual risk (Rn) is greater than its corresponding
tolerable risk (RT), thus protection measures must be instigated. For this building non isolated
external lightning protection system (LPS) of Class I is chosen.
An external LPS consisting of Air termination system, Down conductor system and Earth
termination system is specified on Lightning Protection Plan of electrical drawing. These
individual elements of an LPS should be connected together using appropriate lightning
protection components (LPC) complying (in the case of BS EN 62305) with IEC/BS EN 62561
series.
In this LPS design of the air termination, air rods (or finials) linked with conductors to form a
mesh on the terrace and meshed conductor network suspended above terrace with appropriate
fixing that comply with IEC/BS EN 62561 series.
The air termination components should be installed on corners, exposed points and edges of
the structure.
Max. values of air termination mesh size corresponding to the Class of LPS is 5 m x 5 m and
minimum length of air termination rode with a support structure is 3 m. These air rods should
be spaced not more than 10 m apart and typical values of the distance between down conductors
according to the Class of LPS (IEC 62305-3 Table 4) is 10 m and equal spacing of the down-
conductors is preferred around the perimeter. A down-conductor should be installed at each
exposed corner of the structure, where this is possible.
Air-terminations and down-conductors shall be firmly fixed so that the electrodynamic or
accidental mechanical forces (for instance vibrations, slipping of slabs of snow, thermal
expansion, etc.) will not cause conductors to break or loosen (see Annex D of IEC 62305-
1:2010).
At the connection of the earth-termination, a test joint/check box should be fitted on each
down-conductor, except in the case of natural down-conductors combined with foundation
earth electrodes.
Type A earth electrode arrangement is employed for earth-termination systems. A single
integrated structure earth-termination system is preferable and is suitable for all purposes (i.e.,
lightning protection, power systems and telecommunication systems).
All metal installations, internal systems, and external conductive parts and lines connected to
the structure are bonded to external LPS to achieve Equipotentialization. Bonding conductors
(minimum size of 6 mm2 for connecting internal metal installations to the bonding bar and size
of 16 mm2 for connecting different bonding bars or connecting bonding bars to the earth-
termination system), surge protective devices (SPDs) and isolating spark gaps (ISGs) are used
as interconnecting means of bonding.
 Electrical insulation between the air-termination or the down-conductor and the structural
metal parts, the metal installations and the internal systems can be achieved by providing a
separation distance, s, between the parts as per IEC62302-3 clause 6.3.

7. Telecommunication System Allocation (Telephone and Data system)

Telephone System
Telephone points are fed through 4core structure (UTP 1 x 4 x 0.5m- cable measured inside
PVC conduit of 19mm diameter. The cabling shall be appropriate for voice. Cable splicing is
not allowed. All cabling will be connecting to RJ11 outlets in appropriate configuration back
to Telephone distribution frame as shown on the drawing. This system shall allow for
maximum flexibility suitable for modern building system. Telecom system provisions is made
in the form of UTP, 2 pair cabling from telephone boxes complete with wiring accessories.
The provision will make telecom connection at any place fast and simple.
Telephone system should incorporate Hybrid PBX and VoIP Gateway with (4) or (12) FXO.
Information Data (Internet Service) System
DATA CABLE INSIDE PVC CONDUITS

NO. ITEM DIA (mm) CSA (mm²) NO OF SPACING

CABLES FACTOR

1 UTP 2 Pair Cable 11 95.03 1

2 Conduit 16 201.1 1 0.47

3 Conduit 19 314.2 2 0.61

The cabling part shall have corresponding labels. The cables shall have a label at each end.
Unless indicated otherwise the conduit diameter to individual outlets is 19mm & 25mm as
shown on BOQ. Conduit for group of cables to pull boxes shall be sized to accommodate the
number of cables to be contained. Maximum conduit size used shall be 50mm diameter. Use
parallel conduits to contain cables in excess of 50mm diameter conduit.

8. Multimedia System Allocation (Television and Audio (PAS) service)

TV System
The Television system begins from selecting its antenna system installation position and it
shall be installed with PVC insulated RG6/U coaxial cable inside a minimum conduit size of
19mm diameter, terminated to a junction box at every floor.
Further the television system points spitted with the use of appropriate numbers of splitters,
shall be installed as shown on the drawings with PVC insulated RG6/U coaxial cable inside a
minimum conduit size of 19mm diameter, terminated to a TV coaxial socket outlet.

Public Addressing System (PAS)

General‐purpose Dynamic Moving Coil Microphone having low impedance with long line and
uni‐directional characteristics for reducing acoustic feedback/howling specially in indoor
sound system. Sensitivity of the microphone shall be of the order of ‐55dB relative to 0.0002
dyne/cm for an impedance of 50 ohms. The microphone chosen should have uniform
frequency response within ± 3.0 dB from 100 to 10000 Hz.

Use of more than one microphone may be essential in large stages. In such cases, output from
several microphones should be mixed in a mixing system and the common output fed to the
amplifier, where the amplifier itself is capable of mixing individual microphone inputs,
separate mixing system is not required.

The microphone plugs and sockets should be of multi‐contact (three or more) type and freely
interchangeable.

A windscreen consisting of a wire framework covered with silk, designed to fit over the outside
of a microphone to reduce the effects of wind noise, should be included.

Microphone should be, as far as possible, behind the loudspeaker in order to minimize the
acoustic feed-back.

Microphone cord is provided with each microphone. Length of this cord is about 10 meters to
20 meters. This cord is a three-core braided shield cable connected with jack plug at one end
and XLR plug at another end. Jack plug is inserted in amplifier’s microphone socket and XLR
plug is connected with microphone.
All the loudspeakers in each group should be connected in parallel and in phase across the
output line.

Cone type, Category “A”, and High-Fidelity Column loudspeakers are employed and shall be
installed vertically at a height of 1.5 m above the platform level and inclined at an angle of 8
degree to 10 degree towards the ground.

All the loudspeakers in each group should be connected in parallel and in phase across the
output line.

The output power of the amplifying system should be so chosen as to be capable of establishing
at any point amongst the audience, a sound level of 80 dB during operation, the gain controls
of the amplifying system should be so set that the signal reach each member of audience at
comfortable listening level.

The amplifying system should have sensitivity sufficient to operate directly from the lowest
and highest input voltages. The frequency response of the amplifiers should be within ± 3.0
dB from 100 to 12000 Hz for "A" Category reproduction.

The output transformer of the amplifier should have impedance tapping of 4,8 & 16 ohms to
enable operation with loudspeakers of these standard impedances. For constant voltage
working, the transformer should be provided with 70 to 100 volts constant voltage tapings.