PDF 980e 4 Serie A40003 Up v01 Compress

K]MUR\FU QNIF\MU
WMKUNJFU MK KFU R\NLNCNJFU K]MUR\NU ^]M\MJFU UM\

IN UMH]\OBNB \MUWMRNJFU C]KRFU WNINL\NU UM JMCF\MU
NKRM RFBF ]KFU N FR\FU R\NB]EMK MK
DMEDFU
Kfs bmtmkmjfs n Ufjfs dfkmstfs, Okefrpfrnjfs Nsujojfs kumstrn Lusenjfs somjprm
pmksnr y iumhf efksobmrnbfs y bovmrsns pmrspmetovns rmspfksnloiobnb y fpfrtukobnbms pnrn
netunjfs pnrn netunjfs efk pnrn ifhrnr jmcfrms eujpiojfs kumstrfs jmcfrnr
prmvmkor imsofkms oktmhrobnb rmsuitnbfs efjprfjosfs
IMU BN IN LOMKQMKOBN N MURN ENWNEORNEOÕK
Dnrry Nynin Cndksmk
Okstruetfr bm Mquopfs Wmsnbfs
Emi. ?1?12=<=<
dnrry.nyninGJJH.efj
5
KF\JNU BM ENW
ENWNEOR
NEORNEOÕK
NEOÕK
Wuktuniobnb Wrfdolobf emiuinrms Wrfdolobf nrrfcnr,

nrrfcnr,
mk jfbf sfkobf nijnemknr lnsurn bmktrf
bm ins enrpmtns y mi sumif
Wrfdolobf efkvmrsnr Jnktmkmr mi \mspmtf Jnktmkmr mi frbmk

bmktrf bm in snin bmktrf bm in snin
2
FLCMROQFU
Ni aoknioznr in enpneotneoõk, mi pnrtoeopnktm mstnrî mk efkboeofkms bm3
 Npioenr ins kfrjns bm smhurobnb mk mi mquopf y îrmn bm trnlncf.

trnlncf.
 \mnioznr in efrrmetn fpmrneoõk bm nrrnkqum y prumlns bmi enjoõk.
=
JMRFBFIFHÊN
 In enpneotneoõk mstî borohobf n pmrsfkni efk mxpmromkeon mk fpmrneoõk
bm enjoõk miïetroef.
 In jfbniobnb bm in enpneotneoõk ms tmõroef / prîetoef.
 Mi pfremktncm bm enioaoeneoõk ms3
̱ Rmfrên3 <7% (mvniuneoõk
(mvniune oõk mk snin).
̱ Wrîetoef3 47% (mvniuneoõk mk enjpf).
 Mi pfremktncm pnrn nprflnr in enpneotneoõk ms bm ≭ 4=%.
 In nsostmkeon bmlmrî smr ni >77% burnktm mi bmsnrrfiif bm in
enpneotneoõk.
1
RMJN\OF
 JÕB]IF 7>3 UMH]\OBNB.

 JÕB]IF 7<3 BMUE\OWEOÕK BMI M^]OWF.
 JÕB]IF 753 W\FEMBOJOMKRFU BM FWM\NEOÕK.
 JÕB]IF 723 RÏEKOENU BM FWM\NEOÕK.
8
UMH]\OBNB
UMH]\OBNB
\MUWFKUNLOIOBNB BMI FWM\NBF\
 Mstm jntmroni bm mktrmknjomktf kf prmtmkbm rmmjpinznr mi Jnkuni bm
Fpmrneoõk & Jnktmkojomktf.
 Ms rmspfksnloiobnb bmi pmrsfkni bm jnktmkojomktf ms immr y efjprmkbmr
mi Jnkuni bm Fpmrneoõk farmeobf efk mi mquopf.
?
UMH]\OBNB
NIM\RNU BM UMH]\OBNB
>7
UMH]\OBNB
\ÕR]IFU BM UMH]\OBNB
Ifs rõtuifs f mtoqumtns tomkmk efjf aokniobnb nimrtnr, obmktoaoenr, bmserolor y
mxpioenr romshfs mk in fpmrneoõk. Efkfemr su sohkoaoenbf npfrtn mk hrnk
jmbobn n kumstrn smhurobnb efjf fpmrnbfr.
fpmrnbfr.
>>
UMH]\OBNB
EOKR]\ÕK BM UMH]\OBNB
 Rnktf mk mi nsomktf bmi efkbuetfr y
pnsncmrf, efjprflnr mi eokturõk bm
smhurobnb, dmloiin, rmtrnetfrms f
neemsfrofs pfr bnþfs f bmshnstm.
 Okeiusf so kf dny sohkfs bm bnþfs,
rmmjpinznr ifs bfs eokturfkms bm
smhurobnb n ifs = nþfs bmspuïs bm
in anlroeneoõk f enbn 5 nþfs
bmspuïs bmi okoeof bm su usf, if qum
feurrn projmrf.
><
UMH]\OBNB
BOUWFUOROQFU BM UMH]\OBNB
 \mvosnr tfbfs ifs prftmetfrms y
eulomrtns qum mstïk mk lumk
mstnbf.
 ]snr bm jnkmrn nprfponbf ifs
bospfsotovfs efjf mi eokturõk bm
smhurobnb, lifqumfs, mte.
 Kuken rmtorm kokhók bospfsotovf bm
smhurobnb. Um bmlm jnktmkmr mk
lumkns efkboeofkms.
 Mi usf oknprfponbf bm ifs
bospfsotovfs bm smhurobnb pfbrên
prfvfenr hrnvms imsofkms f in
jumrtm.
>5
UMH]\OBNB
M^]OWF BM W\FRMEEOÕK WM\UFKNI
 Kf usnr prmkbns f neemsfrofs sumitfs.
 ]snr somjprm ensef, imktms, ednimef,
znpntfs bm smhurobnb. Uo in knturnimzn
bmi trnlncf if rmquomrm utoioznr jîsenrn,
hunktms, prftmetfrms bm fêbf ni fpmrnr mi
mquopf.
 Efjprflnr qum tfbf mi mquopf bm
prftmeeoõk pmrsfkni aukeofkm
efrrmetnjmktm.
>2
UMH]\OBNB
MIMJMKRFU BM UMH]\OBNB
 \mnioznr okspmeeofkms pmroõboens ni
mxtokhuobfr pnrn nsmhurnr qum mstn mk
lumk mstnbf. Mi fpmrnbfr bmlm mstnr
enpneotnbf pnrn utoioznrif mk ensf bm ukn
mjmrhmkeon.
 Jnktmkmr uk lftoquêk bm projmrfs nuxoiofs

mk uk iuhnr nprfponbf. Efkfzen mi
kujmrf bm mjmrhmkeon y ins pfiêtoens bm
in efjpnþên.
>=
UMH]\OBNB
W\MEN]EOFKMU NI NLNKBFKN\ IN ENLOKN
Uo sm vn nlnkbfknr mi nsomktf bmi fpmrnbfr. Wnrn mvotnr neeobmktms
somjprm rmnioem if sohuomktm3
 Jfvmr in pninken bormeeofkni n MURNEOFKNJOMKRF y netovnr mi

oktmrruptfr bm bmsenksf. Kuken netovnr mi oktmrruptfr bmi lifqumf bm
armkf eunkbf sm vn npnhnr mi jftfr.
jftfr.
 Mspmrnr bfs jokutfs nprfxojnbnjmktm pnrn vmroaoenr qum kf dnyn
nbvmrtmkeons netovns y sm bmsprmsuroem pfr efjpimtf mi sostmjn
dobrîuioef bm in bormeeoõk.
Eujpior mstns okboeneofkms so sm vn npnhnr mi jftfr (tmrjokf bm hunrbon, mte.)

f so sm vn bmcnr mkemkbobf mi jftfr (rmimvf mk eniomktm, okspmeeofkms mk posf,
iojpomzn aumrn bm in enlokn, UU.DD, mte.).
>1
UMH]\OBNB
U]LOBN F LNCNBN BMI M^]OWF
Wnrn mvotnr bnþfs pmrsfknims enusnbf pfr bmsioznjomktf f enêbn, prfembmr
bm in sohuomktm jnkmrn3
 Okspmeeofknr y iojponr ifs

pnsnjnkfs, msenifkms nktms
bm utoioznrifs.
 Jornr somjprm ni mquopf y usnr
ifs trms puktfs bm npfyf.
 Kuken sulor f lncnr bmi mquopf
jomktns tmkhn flcmtfs mk ins
jnkfs.
¡ K]KEN UNIRN\ WN\N U]LO\ F

LNCN\ BMI M^]OWF !
>8
UMH]\OBNB
W\FRMEEOÕK BM IN ENLOKN
\FWU3 \fii Fvmr Wrftmetovm Utrueturm
(Mstrueturn bm prftmeeoõk efktrn vumiefs).
AFWU3 Aniiokh Flcmet Wrftmetovm Utrueturm
(Mstrueturn bm prftmeeoõk bm enêbn bm flcmtfs).
 Mstn bosmþnbf in mstrueturn \FWU

pnrn sfpfrtnr in enrhn bmi mquopf y
tnjloïk pnrn nlsfrlmr in mkmrhên bmi
ojpnetf.
 Okeiusf efk mi \FWU okstninbf, mi
fpmrnbfr somjprm bmlm usnr mi
eokturõk bm smhurobnb ni fpmrnr mi
enjoõk.
>4
UMH]\OBNB
NI N\\NKEN\ MI JFRF\
 Kuken oktmktnr nrrnkenr mi jftfr dneomkbf pumktm mktrm ifs tmrjoknims
bm ifs jftfrms bm nrrnkqum.
 Kuken sm bmlm nrrnkenr mi jftfr so mxostm uk rõtuif bm nbvmrtmkeon mk
ifs jnkbfs f pninkens bm efktrfi.
 Nktms bm nrrnkenr mi jftfr,
jftfr, usnr mi einxfk efjf nbvmrtmkeon mk enjpf
f pmroafkmnr mk mi oktmrofr
o ktmrofr bmi Rrue` sdfp.
 Nrrnkenr mi jftfr sõif eunkbf mstï smktnbf mk mi nsomktf bmi fpmrnbfr
fpmrnbfr..
 Kf pmrjotn n kokhukn pmrsfkn kf nutfroznbn mk mi efjpnrtojomktf bmi
fpmrnbfr f mk euniquomr ftrf iuhnr bmi mquopf.
>?
UMH]\OBNB
R\NUINBF
 Eunkbf sm trnsinbn pfr enjokfs nbvmrsfs sm bmlm lncnr in vmifeobnb. Uo
sm vn enjlonr mi smktobf bm bormeeoõk, mvotnr ifs horfs rmpmktokfs.
 Nsmhurnrsm qum in tfivn mstm nlncf y in pninken bm imvnktm tfivn mstm
mst m mk
in pfsoeoõk AIFRNEOÕK
AIFRNEOÕK nktms bm trnsinbnrsm.
 Uo mi jftfr sm bmtomkm jomktrns qum mi enjoõk mstî mk jfvojomktf, mi
sostmjn bm bormeeoõk y armkfs efktokunrîk aukeofknkbf0 pmrf
sfinjmktm pfr uk bmtmrjoknbf tomjpf .
Bmtmkhn mi enjoõk usnkbf mi armkf smrvoeof,
smrvoeof , jumvn in pninken
bormeeofkni n MURNEOFKNJOMKRF, netovnr mi oktmrruptfr bm bmsenksf y
emrrnr efktnetf.
<7
UMH]\OBNB
\MR\FEMUF BMI M^]OWF
 Nsmhurnrsm qum in ninrjn bm rmtrfemsf aukeofkm efrrmetnjmktm. ]snr mi
einxfk pnrn nbvmrtor ni pmrsfkni bm in neeoõk qum sm
s m vn rmnioznr..
rmnioznr..
 Flsmrvnr qum kf dnyn knbom mk ifs puktfs eomhfs bmi mquopf.
 Eunkbf sm trnlncn mk îrmns pmiohrfsns y mk îrmns bm pfen vosoloiobnb,
bmsohknr ukn pmrsfkn pnrn borohor mi trnlncf.
Kf pmrjotor qum knbom okhrmsm n ifs puktfs eomhfs. Umhuor
mstroetnjmktm mstn rmhin nók efk mquopfs qum tmkhnk ninrjn bm
rmtrfemsf f mspmcfs rmtrfvosfr.
<>
UMH]\OBNB
R\NUINBF MK WMKBOMKRMU
 Rrnsinbnrsm mk pmkbomktms pumbm dnemr qum mi enjoõk sm vumiqum f
bmrrnpm.
 Uo mi jftfr sm bmtuvomrn mk ukn pmkbomktm, npioenr tftnijmktm mi armkf bm
smrvoeof pnrn bmtmkmrsm,
bmtmkmrsm, jfvmr in pninken bormeeofkni n
MURNEOFKNJOMKRF, netovnr mi oktmrruptfr bm bmsenksf y emrrnr
efktnetf.
 Kf enjlonr mi smktobf bormeeoõk mk pmkbomktms. Wnrn jnyfr smhurobnb,
lncnr n uk tmrrmkf pinkf nktms bm vornr.
Eunkbf sm trnsinbn mk ukn pmkbomktm bmsemkbmktm, usnr mi rmtnrbf
bokîjoef pnrn rmbueor y efktrfinr in vmifeobnb bmi enjoõk. Kf dnemr horfs
rmpmktokfs bmi vfinktm bm bormeeoõk. Kf usnr mi armkf bm smrvoeof,
mxemptf mk ukn mjmrhmkeon.
<<
UMH]\OBNB
R\NUINBF MK RM\\MKFU NBQM\UFU
 Eunkbf sm trnlncn mk iiuvon y komvm, mxostm mi pmiohrf bm bmrrnpnr.
Efkbueor somjprm n lncn vmifeobnb y mvotnr vorncms f bmtmkeofkms
lrusens.
 Eunkbf sm bmspinzn sflrm vêns eulomrtns bm komvm, tmkmr euobnbf efk in
lmrjn bmi enjokf y ftrfs flcmtfs.
 Uuspmkbmr ins fpmrneofkms so in vosoloiobnb ms bmaoeomktm.
<5
UMH]\OBNB
R\NUINBF MK RM\\MKF U]MIRF
 Mvotnr fpmrneofkms emren mk ifs lfrbms bmi lftnbmrf, znkcns prfaukbns
qum pfbrênk efinpsnr y vfienrsm. \mefrbnr qum mi tmrrmkf qumbn
bmloiotnbf mk mstns îrmns, bmspuïs bm iiuvons aumrtms
a umrtms f vfinburns.
 \mefrbnr qum ifs tmrrmkfs rmeoïk trnlncnbfs pfr mi mquopf nuxoionr mstîk
sumitfs. Mstfs pfbrênk efinpsnr lncf mi pmsf f volrneoõk bmi mquopf.
<2
UMH]\OBNB
BMUEN\HN\ JNRM\ONI
 Nktms bm okoeonr in bmsenrhn, emreofrnrsm qum kf dnyn pmrsfkns ko flcmtfs
bmtrîs bmi enjoõk.
 ]loenr mi enjoõk mk uk iuhnr smhurf pnrn rmnioznr in bmsenrhn. Uo ms
kmemsnrof npfynrsm efk uk pmrsfkni bm posf.
 Uo sm mametón ukn bmsenrhn mk ukn pmkbomktm, in mstnloiobnb bosjokuorî y
dnlrî mi romshf qum sm vumiqum. Mvotnr dnemr bmsenrhns mk pmkbomktms.
 Kf snior efk in tfivn imvnktnbn n inrhns bostnkeons.
<=
UMH]\OBNB
EN\H]ÊF BM JNRM\ONI
 Nsmhurnrsm qum mi îrmn bm enrhuêf smn smhurf.
smhurf.
 Bmtmkmr mi enjoõk mk in pfsoeoõk efrrmetn bm enrhn, nsê mi jntmroni sm
uloenrî bm jnkmrn ukoafrjm mk in tfivn.
 Kf nlnkbfknr mi nsomktf bmi fpmrnbfr burnktm mi enrhuêf bm jntmroni.
<1
UMH]\OBNB
MURNEOFKNJOMKRF
MURNEOFKNJOMKRF BMI M^]OWF
 Mstneofknrsm mk uk iuhnr aorjm y kovminbf. Uo dny qum mstneofknrsm mk
ukn pmkbomktm, efifenr tnefs mk ifs kmujîtoefs, smþnioznr mi îrmn y
mkemkbmr ins iuems bm nbvmrtmkeon.
 Nktms bm nlnkbfknr in enlokn, jfvmr in pninken bormeeofkni n
MURNEOFKNJOMKRF, netovnr mi oktmrruptfr bm bmsenksf y emrrnr
efktnetf.
Kf netovnr mi lifqumf bm armkf eunkbf mi armkf bm mstneofknjomktf mstî

netovnbf. In prmsoõk dobrîuioen sm iolmrnrî, dneomkbf qum mi enjoõk sm jumvn.
<8
UMH]\OBNB
WN\NBN BM MJM\HMKEON BMI JFRF\
 W]UD RF URFW3 Wrmsofknr
pnrn npnhnr mi jftfr.
 W]II RF URN\R3 Cninr
pnrn nrrnkenr mi jftfr.
Mstm oktmrruptfr efrtn mi okhrmsf

bm efjlustolim, efrtn mi sostmjn
miïetroef bm nrrnkqum y sostmjn
prm-iulroeneoõk bmi jftfr.
<4
UMH]\OBNB
U]LO\
Jftfr Npnhnbf
LNCN\
Jftfr Mkemkbobf
Mstm oktmrruptfr efrtn mi okhrmsf bm

efjlustolim, efrtn mi sostmjn miïetroef
bm nrrnkqum y sostmjn prm-iulroeneoõk
bmi jftfr.
<?
UMH]\OBNB
W\FEMBOJOMKRF3
>. Bmtmkmr
Bmtmkmr mi enjoõk
enjoõk mk afrjn
afrjn smhurn.
smhurn.
<. Jfvmr in pninken bormeeofkni
bormeeofkni n MURNEOFKNJOMKRF.
MURNEOFKNJOMKRF.
5. Cninr mi oktmrru
oktmrruptfr
ptfr bm pnrnbn
pnrnbn bmi jftfr
jftfr (Um bmlm bmcnr mi efktnetf bm
nrrnkqum nlomrtf dnstn qum mi jftfr sm npnhum pfr efjpimtf).
2. Netovnr mi
mi oktmrruptf
oktmrruptfrr bm bmsenksf.
bmsenksf.
=. Emrrnr
Emrrnr efkt
efktnet
netf.
f.
1. \mpfrtnr
\mpfrtnr ni supmrvo
supmrvosfr
sfr okjmbontf.
okjmbontf.
57
UMH]\OBNB
UOURMJN EFKR\N OKEMKBOFU - NAMT
Uu aukeoõk ms npnhnr uk njnhf bm okemkbof.
Ifs eoiokbrfs efktomkmk pfivf quêjoef smef, ms
netovnbf bm jnkmrn jnkuni (enlokn f posf) y
nutfjîtoef pfr jmbof bm smksfrms.
5>
UMH]\OBNB
UOURMJN EFKR\N OKEMKBOFU - NAMT
W\FEMBOJOMKRF3
>. Bmtmkmr
Bmtmkmr mi enjoõk
enjoõk mk afrjn
afrjn smhurn.
smhurn.
<. Jfvmr in pninken bormeeofkni
bormeeofkni n MURNEOFKNJOMKRF.
MURNEOFKNJOMKRF.
5. Cninr mi oktmrruptfr bm
bm pnrnbn bmi jftfr.
jftfr.
2. Netovnr mi
mi oktmrruptf
oktmrruptfrr bm bmsenksf.
bmsenksf.
=. Emrrnr
Emrrnr efktn
efktnetf
etf..
1. Wrmsofkm mi oktmrruptfr
oktmrruptfr bmi sostmjn efktrn okemkbofs
okemkbofs NAMT (enlokn f
posf) bm neumrbf n in sotuneoõk.
8. \mpfrtnr
\mpfrtnr ni supmrvo
supmrvosfr
sfr okjmbontf.
okjmbontf.
N A M T ― Ao rm Uupprmss
Uupprmss ofk Uys tmj (Uostmjn bm Mxtokeoõk bm okemkbofs)
5<
Uostmjn bm Armkfs
UNM : 55> at Netuni : >44 at
UNM C/OUF 52=7 \msujmk3
 Wrumln bm enjoõk n jîxojn Umhurf & Efkaonlim!!
HQX
 Wrumln n ?% bm hrnbomktm
 = pnrnbn efksmeutovn n
vmifeobnb bm =7 `j/d (5> jpd)
 In prumlns dnk bm mstnr
borohobfs n oktmrvnifs bm >7 n
<7 jokutfs
 Wnrnbn nboeofknims sojuinbns Netuni
UNM C/OUF 52=7
mk pmfrms ensfs bm aniin
sojpim bm
bm armkfs n <= `j/d
(>=.= jpd)
UNM C/OUF52=7
• Mi rmtnrbf B_KNJOEF ms mi prokeopni jmbof bm efktrfi

efktrfi bm vmifeobnb bmi enjoõk.
• A\MKFU BM UM\QOEOF sfk usnbfs pnrn bmtmkmr mi enjoõk.
• UOURMJNU bm A\MKF sflrmpnsnk rmqumrojomktfs
rmqumrojomktfs UNM.
Bmsmjpmþf bm in bormeeoõk
Jnkoflrniobnb
5<j (>7=‟)
Eoreuif bm horf
?47M
5< j (>7= at) In bormeeoõk rmókm
Eoreuif bm Horf mstîkbnrms UNM C>=>
C>=>>>
UMH]\OBNB
JÕB]IF <3 BMUE\OWEOÕK BMI M^]OWF
ENJOÕK BM JNKBF MIÏER\OEF
?47M-2
<.- BMUE\OWEOÕK BMI M^]OWF
EN\HN ÓROI 51<

RFKMINBNU JMR\OENU
Wfiêtoen bm enrhn >7/>7/<7
58
Wrfbuetfs prokeopnims3
 Enjofkms bm hrnk tnjnþf
@fjntsu Njïroen Efrp.

Fpmrneoõk bm Jnkuaneturn bm
Wmfron (WJF)
54
857M-4 457M->NE 417M->@
>4> R <<> R <=2 R - Uomjmks
?47M-2
?57M-2UM ?17M-<@ 51< R
<?7 R 5<8 R - Uomjmks
5?
KFJMKEINR]\N BMI M^]OWF
MIMER\OE
MIÏER\OEF
JFBMIF BMI ENJOÕK

QM\UOÕK
In imtrn ’M‚, obmktoaoen uk sostmjn bm neeofknjomktf miïetroef bmi jftfr

bm in rumbn.
27
KFJMKEINR]\N BMI JFRF\ BOÏUMI
^ 3 ^]NKR]J
U3 U_URMJ
@3 ROWF BM ANJOION JFRF\

(Jokmrên)
84 3 ENWNEOBNB QFI]JÏR\OEN
(Iotrfs)
2>
MUWMEOAOENEOFKMU HMKM\NIMU
Anlroenktm / Jfbmif bmi jftfr Eujjoks / Û@84
Wftmkeon lrutn 5=77 DW (<1>7 `X) - >?77 rpj

Wftmkeon kmtn 5521 DW (<2?= `X) - >?77 rpj
Nitmrknbfr Hmkmrni Mimetroe HRN-5?
HRN-5?
Hmkmrni Mimetroe HB_>74E - NE,
Jftfrms bm trneeoõk
vmifeobnb jîx. 12.= `j/d (27 jpd)
\mineoõk bm mkhrnkncms 5=.753>
Kmujîtoef =?/47\15
Enrhn ótoi kfjokni* 51< 482 @h
Wmsf bmi mquopf (efk =7% bm Qneêf3 <1< 275 @h
efjlustolim) Enrhnbf3 1<= <88 @h
2<
ENWNEOBNBMU
ENWNEOBNBMU BM AI]OBFU
Eîrtmr bmi jftfr * ?7 hni.

Uostmjn
Uostm jn bm rmarohmrnktm
rmarohmrnk tm <>>
<>> hni.
Uostmjn Dobrîuioef 5=7 hni.
\mbuetfr bm mkhrnkncms <= hni. e/u
Eulf bm in rumbn arfktni >4 hni. e/u
Rnkqum bm efjlustolim
efjlust olim >277 hni.
Rnkqum rmsmrvn bm nemotm jftfr 17 hni.
Rnkqum bm hrnsn 2> @h.
* Okeiuobf aoitrfs f mimjmktf bm aoitrnbf bmi nemotm bm iulroeneoõk.
25
BOJMKUOFKMU
E
B
N M
Enjofkms N L E B M A
?47M 4.>< ?.17 ?.<7 >2.?= >=.77 ?.74
?57M-2UM 8.27 4.81 4.27 >2.2? >2.?< 4.55
A
BOUR\OL]EOÕK BMI WMUF
ENJOÕK QNEÊF3
Mcm Bminktmrf (21.8%) ….………………….. ><< 11< `h.

Mcm Wfstmrofr (=5.5%) ….…………....……. >5? 82> `h.
Rftni (efk =7% efjlustolim) ……………… <1< 275 `h.
ENJOÕK EN\HNBF3
Mcm Bminktmrf (5<.4%) ……......................

...................... <7= 24? `h.
Mcm Wfstmrofr (18.<%) .........................
..............................
..... 2>? 844 `h.
Rftni..............
ftni.... .......................
..........................
..........................
...................
...... 1<= <88 `h.
Enrhn Ótoi Kfjokni*

Kfjokni* ................ 51< 482 `h.
`h.
2=
WFIÊROEN BM EN\HN >7->7-<7
Uohkoaoen qum in enrhn npioenlim ni enjoõk pumbm enrhnr bm in sohuomktm
jnkmrn3
 Enrhn kfjokni ― Kfrjnijmktm.

 >7% jîs bm in enrhn kfjokni (>>7%) ― Kfrjnijmktm.
 <7% jîs bm in enrhn kfjokni (><7%) ― Ufif pumbm enrhnr efjf
jîxojf mi >7% bm ifs eoeifs mktrm >>7% y ><7% bmi vnifr bm in
enrhn kfjokni mk uk pmrofbf bm 57 bêns.
 <7% jîs bm in enrhn kfjokni (><7%) ― Kf sm pumbm enrhnr pfr
mkeojn bmi ><7% bmi vnifr bm in enrhn kfjokni .
21
WFIÊROEN BM EN\HN >7->7-<7
>7 % bm tfbns KOKH]KN

ins enrhns pfr EN\HN
turkf
28
24
ENCN BM NOUINJOMKRF
>
<
2
5
=
>. Oktr
Oktr.. Iuem
Iuemss bm msen
msenimimrn
rn..
<. Oktr.
Oktr. Wnrnbn
Wnrnbn bm jftfr
jftfr (Mjm
(Mjmrh
rhmke
mkeon)
on)..
5. Oktr.
Oktr. Efrtm
Efrtm bm mkmrhê
mkmrhên n hmkmr
hmkmrni.
ni.
2. Oktr.
Oktr. Efrtm
Efrtm bm mkmrhê
mkmrhên n bm nrrnk
nrrnkqum
qum..
=. Oktr
Oktr.. Efrt
Efrtm
m prfp
prfpui
uiso
soõk
õk..
2?
RNK^]M BMI UOURMJN BM I]L\OENEÊÕK
2 5
>. Rnkqum
nkqum hrnsn
hrnsn..
<. Aoitrf
Aoitrf bm hrnsn.
hrnsn. >
5. Jftfr
Jftfr dobrîu
dobrîuioe
ioef.
f. <
2. Lfjl
Lfjln n hrn
hrnsn
sn..
=7
JFRF\ BOMUMI ― INBF OS^]OM\BF
>
<
=
8
2
4
>. Rurlf
urlf enrhn
enrhnbf bfrr. 1 =. Lfjl
Lfjln n bm efjl
efjlus
ustotoli
lim.
m.
<. Oktm
Oktmre
reff
ffim
imrr. 1. Aoitrf
Aoitrfss bm efjlus
efjlustol
tolim.
im.
5. Natm
Natmre
reff
ffim
imrr. 8. MEJ
MEJ ûnkûnktu
tuj.
j.
2. Lfjl
Lfjln n IR
IRN. 4. Jftf
Jftfrmrmss bm nrr
nrrnk
nkqu
qum. m.
=>
^]NKR]J
Ms uk jfbuif bm efktrfi mimetrõkoef bmi sostmjn efjlustolim. Mi euni
trnlncn efk ukn smrom bm smksfrms y netunbfrms qum bmtmrjoknk mi eunkbf
y eunktf bm efjlustolim okhrmsn ni jftfr. Ifs flcmtovfs sfk ifs sohuomktms3
 Fptojoznr mi efktrfi bmi jftfr.
 \mbueor ins mjosofkms bm hnsms.
 Jmcfrnr in enpneobnb bm bonhkfstoef.
=<
EMKROKMI
Ms ukn vîivuin qum efjlokn nemotm bmi jftfr ni sostmjn bm efjlustolim y
ms efktrfinbf pfr mi ^]NKR]J. Wmrjotm mi pnsf bm nemotm usnbf ni
sostmjn bm efjlustolim pnrn smr qumjnbf mk in efjlustoõk bmi jftfr. Mi
nemotm sm rmstnlimem bmsbm mi tnkqum rmsmrvn bm nemotm jftfr.
jftfr.
=5
EFJWFKMKRMU BM IN BO\MEEOÕK
>
< 5
>. Eoiokbrfs dobrîuioef bm bormeeoõk.
<. Lnrrn
Lnrrn bm bormee
bormeeoõk
oõk..
5. Lrnzfs
Lrnzfs bm borme
bormeeoõ
eoõk.
k.
 Boîjmtrf bmi eoreuif bm horf ………….... 5<.7 j.

 Eoiokbrfs dobrîuioefs nsostobf pfr neujuinbfrms.
=2
U]UWMKUOÕK BMINKRM\N
 Jnren D_B\NO\® OO, efktomkmk nemotm y kotrõhmkf.

 Enrrmrn bmi vîstnhf …… >>.?‚.
 Hrnk smeeoõk bm jfktncm bm nemrf aukbobf.
==
KM]JÎROEF
=?‚
=? : Nkedurn bm smeeoõk.
47 : Umrom bmi kmujîtoef3 D/U:7.47.
\ : Mstrueturn rnboni. 15‚
15 : Boîjmtrf oktmrkf bmi kmujîtoef.
** : Êkboem bm enpneobnb bm enrhn
bmi kmujîtoef.
=1
EFJWFKMKRMU DOB\Î]IOEFU
JÓIROWIM
JÓIROWIM BM
UNKH\NBF
NE]J]INBF\MU
BM BO\MEEOÕK
NJWIOAOENBF\
BM AI]CF
AOIR\F DOB\Î]IOEF
BM A\MKF
=8
NJWIOAOENBF\ BM AI]CF3
In vîivuin njpioaoenbfr bm aiucf prfpfreofkn hrnk vfiujmk bm nemotm pnrn
smr mkvonbf ni jóitopim rmpnrtobfr y iumhf smr bostroluobf dneon ifs eoiokbrfs
bm bormeeoõk.
=4
NE]J]INBF\MU BM BO\MEEOÕK3
 Uu aukeoõk ms nijnemknr ukn enktobnb
bm nemotm dobrîuioef n prmsoõk, pnrn
prfvmmr ukn bormeeoõk efkstnktm f smr
usnbf mk ensf bm ukn mjmrhmkeon.
 Ufk bm topf postõk, efk ukn prmsoõk bm
>277 pso mk kotrõhmkf y su enpneobnb bm
nemotm dobrîuioef ms >1.= hni. e/u.
Eunkbf in prmsoõk bm kotrõhmkf mstn pfr
bmlncf bm >>77 pso, sumkn in ninrjn
sfkfrn y npnrmem in iuz okboenbfrn
(prmsoõk bmi neujuinbfr) mk in enlokn.
=?
JÓIROWIM BM UNKH\NBF3
Mi jóitopim bm snkhrnbf bostroluym nemotm dobrîuioef ni sostmjn bm
bormeeoõk, sostmjn bm armkfs, sostmjn bm imvnktm y ni sostmjn nuxoionr bm
neemsfrofs.
17
NIRM\KNBF\
 Okoeonijmktm ms mxeotnbf pfr in efrromktm bm ins lntmrêns.

 Hmkmrn efrromktm nitmrkn pnrn iumhf smr mkvonbf ni hnlokmtm bm efktrfi.
Mi nitmrknbfr tomkm su prfpof vmktoinbfr bm mkaronjomktf.
1>
UFWINBF\
Mi sfpinbfr mstn nefpinbf efk mi nitmrknbfr bm trneeoõk y ukn enpneobnb bm
aiucf norm (=88 j 5/jok). Uu aukeoõk ms bostroluor norm ni hnlokmtm bm efktrfi y
jftfrms miïetroefs.
1<
LFJLNU DOB\Î]IOENU
LFJLN BM IMQNKRM _ LFJLN BM BO\MEEOÕK _

MKA\ONJOMKRF
MKA\ONJOMKRF BM A\MKFU A\MKFU
Ropf bm mkhrnkncm mk tîkbmj. Ropf bm postõk efjpmksnbf pfr
 Uniobn <21 hpj, n >?77 rpj
prmsoõk.
y <8=7 pso.  Uniobn 1= hpj, n >?77 rpj y
5777 pso.
15
RNK^]M DOB\Î]IOEF
 Bmpfsotf kf prmsuroznbf, pnrn ifs
sostmjn dobrîuioefs bmi enjoõk.
 Aoitrfs jfktnbfs mxtmrknjmktm,
jnktmkomkbf mi sostmjn iojpof.
 Enpneobnb bm <=7 hni.
12
EOIOKB\FU BM IMQNKRM
IMQNKRM
Eoiokbrfs dobrîuioefs bm 5 mtnpns efk bflim neeoõk, ukn vîivuin bm
njfrtohuneoõk oktmrkn. Ufk bm in jnren Dybrnor® OO.
1=
IOKMNU DOB\Î]IOENU BM A\MKFU
Jnkhumrns dobrîuioens pnrn mi aukeofknjomktf bm ifs armkfs pfstmrofr,
pfstmrofr, euyf
trnlncf ms3
 Npioenr bmi armkf smrvoeof.

 Npioenr mi lifqumf bm armkf.
 Bmsnpioenr mi armkf bm
mstneofknjomktf.
 Mkaronjomktf bm armkfs.
INBF OS^]OM\BF BMI ENJOÕK
11
WNUNBF\ EMKR\NI
Uu aukeoõk ms nyubnr mk tmrrmkfs nbvmrsfs efk ukn jîxojn fseoineoõk bmi
mcm ¾ 1.=·. Ufpfrtn in encn bmi mcm pfstmrofr efk
e fk mi ednsos bmi enjoõk.
¾ 1.=·
Um bmlm okspmeeofknr n enbn okoeof bm turkf, flsmrvnr qum mstm iulroenbf y

efjpimtf sus pmrkfs bm smhurobnb.
18
\MB]ERF\ BM MKH\NKNCMU
>. Rfrqum
frqum sflrm mi mi rftfr pfr
pfr in
oktmrneeoõk jnhkïtoens (NE).
<. Rfrqum
frqum sflrm mi
mi mcm bm jnkbf.
jnkbf.
5. Rfrqum
frqum sflrm ifs
ifs pinkmtnro
pinkmtnrofs
fs bm
nitn vmifeobnb
 \mineoõk bm mkhrnkncms 5=.753>.

14
ENCN BMI MCM WFURM\OF\ (\mnr Nxim Dfusokh)
 Um ukm ni ednsos pfr jmbof bmi pnsnbfr emktrni, lnrrn mstnloioznbfrn y
suspmksoõk pfstmrofr. \meolm norm bmi sfpinbfr pnrn mkaronr n ifs
jftfrms miïetroefs.
 Bmktrf sm uloenk mi armkf bm mstneofknjomktf y jftfrms miïetroefs.
1?
A\MKF BM MURNEOFKNJOMKRF
 Efkafrjnbf pfr bosefs smefs. Um npioen pfr rmsfrtms y sm iolmrn pfr
prmsoõk dobrîuioen.
 Kf sm npioenrn mk jfvojomktf, pfrqum trnlncn efk smksfrms bm
jfvojomktf mk ins rumbns pfstmrofr. Mstm armkf ms efktrfinbf pfr mi
OKQM\RMT.
>. Jftfr
ftfr miïe
miïetr
troe
oef
f.
<. Armk
Armkff bm mstn
mstneoeofk
fknj
njom
omkt
ktf.
f.
87
JFRF\MU MIÏER\OEFU
 Uu aukeofknjomktf efktokuf mk pmkbomktms ms dnstn mi ><%.

 Efk ukn vmifeobnb jîxojn bm 12.= `j/d (27 jpd).
 Rrnlncnk efk efrromktm nitmrkn, efjpfrtîkbfsm efjf jftfr pnrn in
prfpuisoõk y hmkmrnbfr mk mi jfjmktf bm rmtnrbf.
8>
A\MKF BM UM\QOEOF
 Ufk bm bosefs dójmbfs, npioenbfs pfr prmsoõk
dobrîuioen y iolmrnbfs pfr anitn bm prmsoõk.
 Ifs bosefs dójmbfs sm mkarênk efktokunjmktm
eunkbf in pninken bm imvnktm mstn mk pfsoeoõk
bm AIFRNEOÕK
AIFRNEOÕK & UFURMKM\.
BMINKRM\F WFURM\OF\
8<
LIF^]MF BM A\MKFU
 Um npioen pfr prmsoõk dobrîuioen mk ifs josjfs bosefs dójmbfs
pfstmrofrms bmi armkf bm smrvoeof. In prmsoõk ms bm <777 pso y kf ms
jfbuinbn.
 Ifs bosefs dójmbfs sm mkarênk efktokunjmktm eunkbf in pninken bm
imvnktm mstn mk pfsoeoõk bm AIFRNEOÕK
AIFRNEOÕK & UFURMKM\
85
A\MKF BM MJM\HMKEON
 Ifs armkfs bminktmrfs y pfstmrofrms sm npioenk
nutfjîtoenjmktm eunkbf in prmsoõk bmi
sostmjn dobrîuioef bmseomkbm pfr bmlncf bmi
kovmi kmemsnrof (>1=7 pso).
 Ifs neujuinbfrms bm armkf nijnemknk nemotm
n prmsoõk pnrn in npioeneoõk bm ifs armkfs bm
smrvoeof mk pnrnbns bm mjmrhmkeon mk ensf
qum mi jftfr sm npnhum.
FLUM\QNEOÕK3 Mi lifqumf bm armkf sm pumbm

utoioznr mk ensf bm mjmrhmkeon, somjprm qum mi
pmbni bmi armkf smrvoeof bmcn bm aukeofknr.
82
U]UWMKUOÕK WFURM\OF\
 Jnren D_B\NO\® OO, efktomkmk nemotm y kotrõhmkf.

 Enrrmrn bmi vîstnhf …… ?.2‚ .
8=
AN\FU WFURM\OF\
WFUR M\OF\
< 5
>
2
>. Anrfs linkef

linkef33 Iuems bm
bm rmtrfemsf
rmtrfemsf..
<. Anrfs
Anrfs rfcfs3
rfcfs3
 Iuems bm trnlncf (lncn oktmksobnb).
 Iuems bmi armkf smrvoeof (nitn oktmksobnb).
 Iuems bmi lifqumf bm armkf (nitn oktmksobnb).
5. Anrfs
Anrfs îjlnr
îjlnr33 Iuems
Iuems bmi
bmi rmtnrb
rmtnrbf
f bokîj
bokîjoef
oef..
2. Ninrjns
Ninrjns bm
bm rmtrfemsf.
rmtrfemsf.
81
ENLIMU BM MKM\HON
Ufk enlims bm nitn pftmkeon qum sm efkmetnk bormetnjmktm bmsbm mi
hnlokmtm bm efktrfi dneon ifs jftfrms miïetroefs.
EFKMTOFKMU
MIÏER\OENU
88
AOIR\FU
AOIR\FU DOB\Î]IOEFU
>. Aoitrf
Aoitrfss bm imvnk
imvnktm
tm y
mkaronjomktf bm armkfs.
<. Aoitrf bm bormeeoõk
bormeeoõk y armkfs.
armkfs.
<
>
84
NE]J]INBF\MU BM A\MKF
 Uu aukeoõk ms nijnemknr ukn enktobnb

bm nemotm dobrîuioef n prmsoõk, pnrn
prfvmmr ukn bormeeoõk efkstnktm f smr
usnbf mk ensf bm ukn mjmrhmkeon.
 Ufk bm topf postõk, efk ukn prmsoõk bm
>277 pso mk kotrõhmkf y su enpneobnb bm
nemotm dobrîuioef bm >7 hni. e/u.
8?
NE]J]INBF\ N]TÊION\
 Ropf linbmr, efk ukn
prmsoõk bm >277 pso mk
kotrõhmkf. Enpneobnb bm
nemotm <.= hni.
 Rrnlncn pnrn ifs sostmjns
bm neemsfrofs (sostmjn
bm iulroeneoõk, msenimrn
rmtrîetoi y pmrsonkns).
>. Neujui
Neujuinbf
nbfrr Nuxoio
Nuxoionrnr..
<. Jóit
Jóitop
opim
im Nuxo
Nuxoioionr
nr..
47
JFRF\ BOMUMI ― INBF BM\MEDF
>
<
5 ?
2 4
= 1
8
>. Rurlf
urlf enrhn
enrhnbf bfrr. 2. MEJ
MEJ Emksm
mksm.. 8. Aoit
Aoitrf
rfss bm rmar
rmaroh
ohmr
mrnk
nktm
tm jftf
jftfrr.
<. Oktmr
ktmref
eff
fimr
imr =. Lfjl
Lfjln n prm-i
prm-iul
ulro
roen
eneo
eoõk
õk 4. Nitm
Nitmrk
rknb
nbfr
fr bm lntm
lntmrê
rêns
ns..
5. Natm
Natmre
reff
ffim
imrr. 1. Mioj
Miojok
oknt
ntfr
fr.. ?. Qnroi
nroiin
in bm
bm jmbo
jmborr nemo
nemotm
tm jft
jftfr
fr..
4>
EMKUM
Ms uk jfbuif bm efktrfi mimetrõkoef qum sm mkenrhn bm jfkotfrmnr
pnrîjmtrfs bmi jftfr pfr jmbof bm smksfrms mk tomjpf rmni. Mstn
okafrjneoõk ms nijnemknbn mk uk edop pnrn smr usnbf pnrn bovmrsfs aokms,
nbmjîs okafrjn aniins bmi jftfr jmbonktm mi usf bm iuems okboenbfrns.
4<
MIOJOKNRF\ RJ
Ms uk aoitrf bm nutf iojpomzn, efktomkm < topfs bm aoitrf. Aoitrf bm jniin qum
burn in vobn ótoi bmi jftfr y kf sm rmquomrm smrvoeof dnstn in rmpnrneoõk bmi
jftfr.
Aoitrf emktrêauhf rmquomrm smrvoeof jîs armeumktm bm neumrbf ni anetfr bm
enrhn bmi jftfr.
jftfr. Mstm smrvoeof sm rmniozn mk oktmrvnifs dnstn >=77 dfrns.
45
RNK^]M \MUM\QN BM NEMORM JFRF\
>. Rnkqum rmsmrvn.
rmsmrvn.
<. Jmbobfr
Jmbobfr vosuni.
vosuni.
5. Oktmrruptfr
Oktmrruptfr bmibmi tmrjfstntf
tmrjfstntf..
2. Iêkmn bm sueeoõk
sueeoõk bmsbm
bmsbm mi
eîrtmr bm nemotm.
=. ]kobnb
]kobnb bm lfjlm
lfjlmf. f.
1. Iêkmn
Iêkmn bm iimkn
iimknbf.
bf.
8. Aoitrf
Aoitrf mk iêkmn.
iêkmn.
4. Rnpn bm iimkn
iimknbf.
bf.
?. Oktmrruptfr
Oktmrruptfr bmibmi kovmi bm
bm nemotm.
nemotm.
>7.Qîivuin bm niovof.
>>.Iêkmn bm rmtfrkf dneon mi eîrtmr
bm nemotm.
><.Qîivuin bm iimknbf.
>5.Aoitrf bmi efinbfr bm nemotm
Qmktncns3
 Ncustm efktokuf bmi kovmi bm nemotm mk mi eîrtmr.
 Jokojozn ifs rmsobufs y efkvomrtm mk mkmrhên mi

nemotm usnbf pfr jmbof bmi emktokmi.
42
EFJWN\ROJOMKRF BM LNRM\ÊNU
Lntmrêns (2)……………………..>< vfits, efkmetnbfs mk Umrom/Wnrnimif,
jfktnbns sflrm mi pnrnedfqums efk efkmetfrms bm mkmrhên nuxoionr y <
oktmrruptfrms bm efrtm mkmrhên (lntmrên hmkmrni, jftfr bm nrrnkqum,
prfpuisoõk).
OKRM\\]WRF\MU BM
EF\RM MKM\HÊN
EFKC]KRF RFJNU BM
BM LNRM\ONU MKM\HÊN N]TOION\
4=
EFJWFKMKRMU BM MKA\ONJOMKRF KOQMI BM \MA\OHM\NKRM
Mkaronbfr bm Efkbmksnbfr Mkaronbfr bm nemotm

efjlustolim Mkaronbfr bm bm N/E dobrîuioef
rmarohmrnktm
41
\MUOURMKEONU BM \MRN\BF
\MRN\BF
 <5 mimjmktfs bm rmsostmkeons .
 \meolmk efrromktm efktokun,
mkaronbfs pfr bfs jftfrms
sfpinbfrms jfvobfs pfr
efrromktm efktokun.
 Enpneobnb bm rmtnrbf bokîjoef
1777 DW.
Uu aukeoõk prokeopni ms trnksafrjnr in mkmrhên miïetroen n mkmrhên enifrêaoen.
48
HNLOKMRM BM EFKR\FI
BMU-MKM\HOSNBF
In efrromktm miïetroen ms nkuinbn pfr

jmbof bmi oktmrruptfr bm bmsenksf,
MKM\HOSNBF
uloenbf bmktrf bm in enlokn bmi fpmrnbfr.
44
JÓIROWIM
JÓIROWIM BM A\MKFU
HNLOKMRM DOB\Î]IOEF
>
<
<
>
Um bmlm okspmeeofknr n okoeof

bm turkf, pnrn vmroaoenr auhns,
efrrfsoõk f bnþfs.
QÎIQ]IN WOIFRNCM BM
IMQNKRM RFIQN
4?
AN\FU U]WM\OF\ BM ENLOKN
> < >. Anrf

Anrf rfcf
rfcf33
 Armkf bm smrvoeof.
 Lifqum bm armkf.
<. Anrf
Anrf îjln
îjlnr3
r3
 \mtnrbf bokîjoef.
?7
EFKR\FIMU BM ENLOKN
?>
WNKMI BM OKUR\]JMKRFU
OKBOENBF\ BM I]S BM JMBOBF\ BM
JMBOBF\ BM EFJL]UROLIM
RMJWM\NR]\N BMI QMIFEOBNB @J/D - JWD NBQM\RMKEON
\MA\OHM\NKRM
JMBOBF\ BM JMBOBF\ BM IN
I]EMU BM WNKRNIIN
RMJWM\NR]\N BM RMJWM\NR]\N BMI
BO\MEEOÕK / BOHORNI
NEMORM DOB\Î]IOEF UOURMJN BM W\FW]IUOÕK
I]S NIRN
?<
WNKMI BM OKRM\\]WRF\MU
WNKMI
WNKMI BM I]EMU
OKBOENBF\NU
\MH]INBF\
I]EMU BM I]EMU BM BM OKRMKUOBNB
R\NLNCF \MR\FEMUF JFBF # <
I]EMU BM I]EMU JFBF # >

MUENIM\N KMLIOKM\FU
?5
WNKMI BM OKRM\\]WRF\MU I]EMU BM
MJM\HMKEON
LIF^]MF BM
A\MKF
W\]MLN BM
A\MKFU
BMUENKUF
EO\E]IOKN
MKEMKBOBF / RMJWF\OSNBF\ BMUMJWNÞNBF\ ENIMKRNBF\ BMI

BMI JFRF\ BM MUWMCFU JFRF\ (fpeofkni)
?2
EFKUFIN EMKR\NI
>
>. Wninke
Wninken
n bormeeo
bormeeofkn
fkni.i.
<. Oktmrruptfr
Oktmrruptfr bm
bm nkuineoõk
nkuineoõk / rmsmtmf
rmsmtmf bm aniin.
aniin.
5. Oktmrruptfr
Oktmrruptfr bm pnrnbn
pnrnbn bmi
bmi jftfr.
jftfr. 2
5
2. Wninke
Wninken
n bm imvnkt
imvnktm
m tfivn.
tfivn.
=. Boni bmi
bmi \UE (\mtn
(\mtnrb
rb Upmmb
Upmmb Efktrfi)
Efktrfi).. <
1. Oktmrruptfr
Oktmrruptfr bmi
bmi \UE (\mtnrb
(\mtnrb Upmmb
Upmmb Efktrfi).
Efktrfi). 8
8. Oktmrruptfr
Oktmrruptfrms
ms nizn vobrofs
vobrofs bm ins
ins vmktnkns.
vmktnkns. =
?=
JNKBFU BM EFKR\FI
EINTFK
WNINKEN BM
\MRN\BF
?1
WMBNIMU BM EFKR\FI
WMBNI BM \MRN\BF / A\MKF UM\QOEOF
WMBNI BM \MRN\BF WMBNI NEMIM\NBF\

/ A\MKF UM\QOEOF BMI JFRF\
?8
NWIOENEOÕK BM
JNKBFU _
EFKR\FIMU
BMUE\OWEOÕK BMI M^]OWF
I]EMU OKBOENBF\NU
2
8
>
<
5
4
1 =
>. Rfivn
fivn nrro
nrroln
ln.. =. Enimk
Enimktnj
tnjomk
omktf
tf bmi
bmi jftfr(
jftfr(fpe
fpeofk
ofkni)
ni)..
<. Armk
Armkff bm mstn
mstneo
eofk
fknj
njom
omkt
ktf.
f. 1. Uok
Uok prfp
prfpui
uiso
soõk
õk..
5. Uostm
Uostmjn
jn bm prfp
prfpuiuiso
soõk
õk kf 8. \mtn
\mtnrb
rbf
f bok
bokîj
îjoeoef.
f.
prmpnrnbf. 4. Rmjpfroznb
mjpfroznbfr fr bm npnhnbf
npnhnbf bmi jftfr.
jftfr.
2. Kf dny
dny vfit
vfitnc
ncmm bm mkin
mkinem
em BE.
BE. ??
I]EMU OKBOENBF\NU
>5 >=
? >>
>1
>7 >< >2 >8
?. Armk
Armkff bm
bm smr
smrvo
voeo
eof.
f. >5.Wnktõhrnaf mkmrhoznbf (Kf npioen).
>7.Umenbfr bm ins rmsostmkeons bm >2.Efktrfi bm trneeoõk.
rmtnrbf (Uok usf). >=.Okstnktîkmn mk prfhrmsf.
>>.Wnktõhrnaf nrroln (Kf npioen). >1.Jfkotfr bm rmpnrneoõk.
><.Lifqumf bm armkf. >8.Msenimrn rmtrîetoi nlncf (Kf npioen).
>77
I]EMU OKBOENBF\NU
RFIQN N\\OLN3
Um oiujoknrî okboenkbf qum in tfivn kf mstn
efjpimtnjmktm sflrm mi ednsos bmi enjoõk.
Mi enjoõk kf bmlm jfvmrsm dnstn qum in tfivn
mstï nlncf y mi okboenbfr sm dnyn npnhnbf.
A\MKF BM MURNEOFKNJOMKRF3
Um oiujoknrî eunkbf sm npioen mi armkf bm
mstneofknjomktf jmbonktm in pninken bm efktrfi
bormeeofkni.
Uo in pninken mstn mk pfsoeoõk bm mstneofknjomktf y
mi jõbuif bm oktmranz (OJ) bmtmetn euniquomr prflimjn
bmi armkf bm mstneofknjomktf, mstn iuz kf sm
mkemkbmrî. In iuz rfcn bm nbvmrtmkeon pnrpnbmnr, mi
zujlnbfr sfknrî y sm jfstrnrî uk eõbohf bm mrrfr.
Uo mstf suembm mi fpmrnbfr kf bmlm snior bm in
enlokn.
>7>
I]EMU OKBOENBF\NU
UOURMJN BM W\FW]IUOÕK KF W\MWN\NBF3
Um oiujoknrî burnktm mi nrrnkqum.
Mstn iuz okboen qum mi efjputnbfr mstî mk prfemsf
bm rmnioznr ins aukeofkms bm nutf-bonhkõstoef y
efkaohurneoõk mk mi nrrnkqum. Mk mstm jfjmktf in
prfpuisoõk kf mstnrî bospfkolim.
KF DN_ QFIRNCM BM MKINEM BE3

Um oiujoknrî eunkbf sm netovn mi oktmrruptfr bm
bmsenksf f somjprm qum in lnrrn iok` mk in enlokn bm
efktrfi kf sujokostrn efrromktm ni sostmjn bm
prfpuisoõk.
Eunkbf mi oktmrruptfr sm uloen n FK (netovnbf) mi
sostmjn bm jnkbf mstî bms-mkmrhoznbf.
>7<
I]EMU OKBOENBF\NU
ENIMKRNJOMKRF BMI JFRF\ (Uok usf)3
Um oiujoknrî eunkbf mi oktmrruptfr enimktnbfr bmi
jftfr sm netovn. Jnktomkm mi jftfr eniomktm mk
efkboeofkms bm arêf, yn qum pfkm ukn pmqumþn
enktobnb bm enrhn ni jftfr.
UOK W\FW]IUOÕK3
Um oiujoknrî eunkbf sm hmkmrn uk mrrfr if qum
nkuinrî in enpneobnb bm prfpuisoõk.
Uo mstf feurrm, mi fpmrnbfr bmlm bmtmkmr efk
euobnbf mi enjoõk, jfvmr in pninken bm efktrfi
bormeeofkni n MURNEOFKNJOMKRF, npnhnr mi
jftfr y kftoaoenr ni pmrsfkni bm jnktmkojomktf.
>75
I]EMU OKBOENBF\NU
\MRN\BF BOKÎJOEF3
Um oiujoknrî eunkbf sm npioen mi pmbni bm rmtnrbf, in
pninken bm rmtnrbf, in prfhrnjneoõk bmi boni \UE f
mi eoreuotf nutfjîtoef bm rmtnrbf pfr sflrm vmifeobnb.
Mstf okboen qum sm mstî utoioznkbf mi rmtnrbf bokîjoef
bmi enjoõk.
RMJWF\OSNBF\ BM NWNHNBF BMI JFRF\3

Um oiujoknrî ni jfjmktf bm emrrnr mi efktnetf bm
nrrnkqum, okboenkbf qum dn efjmkznbf in smeumkeon
sokerfkoznbn bm tmjpfrozneoõk bm npnhnbf sm dn
okoeonbf.
Mi jftfr pfbrên aukeofknr pfr uk jîxojf trms
jokutfs, efksobmrnkbf efkboeofkms bmi jftfr.
>72
I]EMU OKBOENBF\NU
A\MKF BM UM\QOEOF3
Um oiujoknrî eunkbf sm npioen mi pmbni bm smrvoeof.
UMEN\BF\ BM INU \MUOURMKEONU BM

\MRN\BF (Uok usf)3
Um oiujoknrî eunkbf mi oktmrruptfr enimktnbfr bmi
jftfr sm netovn. Um utoiozn pnrn smenr ins rmsostmkeons
bm rmtnrbf ni nrrnkenr mi enjoõk bmspuïs bm invnbf f
mstneofknbf mk efkboeofkms bm iiuvon. Mstf
jokojoznrî in pfsoloiobnb bm netovnr ukn aniin n tomrrn
bmlobf ni nhun mk ins rmsostmkeons.
>7=
I]EMU OKBOENBF\NU
WNKRÕH\NAF N\\OLN (Kf npioen)3
Mstn iuz okboenbfrn kf sm utoiozn mk mstn npioeneoõk bm
enjoõk.
LIF^]MF BM A\MKF3
Um oiujoknrî eunkbf mi oktmrruptfr bm lifqumf bm
armkf sm netovn. Kf oktmktm efkbueor mi enjoõk
pnrtomkbf efk ifs armkfs npioenbfs.
>71
I]EMU OKBOENBF\NU
WNKRÕH\NAF MKÏ\HOSNBF (Kf npioen)3
Mstn iuz okboenbfrn kf sm utoiozn mk mstn npioeneoõk bm
enjoõk.
EFKR\FI BM R\NEEOÕK3
Um oiujoknrî so dny uk prflimjn bmtmetnbf mk mi
sostmjn bm efktrfi bm trneeoõk y sm npnhnrî eunkbf
mstî bmsnetovnbf.
In iuz n jmkubf rmamrobn efjf in iuz bm nkto-
bmsioznjomktf.
>78
I]EMU OKBOENBF\NU
OKURNKRÎKMN MK W\FH\MUF3
Um oiujoknrî eunkbf mi sostmjn @FJR\NT Wius mstî
mk pimkf prfemsf bm hrnlneoõk bm ukn "enpturn’ bm
bmtmrjoknbns efkboeofkms bmi vmdêeuif.
vmdêeuif.
JFKORF\ BM \MWN\NEOÕK3
Um oiujoknrî so sm bmtmetn ukn aniin bm ’rmpnrneoõk‚,
qum bmlm smr efrrmhobf.
MUENIM\N \MR\ÎEROI NLNCF (Kf npioen)

Um oiujoknrî eunkbf in msenimrn mstî mk in pfsoeoõk
nlncf. Wnrpnbmnrî so mi armkf bm mstneofknjomktf
sm iolmrn sok qum in msenimrn mstm mk pfsoeoõk
tftnijmktm dneon nrroln.
>74
OKBOENBF\ BM NBQM\RMKEON
In iuz bm nbvmrtmkeon bmstmiinrî y sfknrn in ninrjn bm nbvmrtmkeon,

okboenbf qum kmemsotn bm in neeoõk okjmbontn bmi fpmrnbfr. Bmtmkhn mi
enjoõk bm afrjn smhurn so aumrn kmemsnrof.
>7?
OKRM\\]WRF\MU BMI WNKMI BOHORNI
Ufk oktmrruptfrms fseoinktms bm bfs

pfsoeofkms3
 Mi jfbf # < sm usn pnrn nitmrknr mktrm ins
boamrmktms fpeofkms mk in pnktniin bohotni.
 Mi jfbf # >, nrroln F@ sm utoiozn pnrn
mktrnr, lfrrnr nbvmrtmkeons, aniins y
mstnlimemr eomrtfs ncustms bm in Enrhn Ótoi.
Dneon nlncf ms pnrn snior f rmtrfembmr bm
ins fpeofkms bm pnktniin.
>>7
Flsmrvneoõk 3 Um trnlncnrî efk in
Flsmrvneoõk3
dfcn mktrmhnbf pnrn mi eursf.
>>>
OKRM\\]WRF\ BMI LIF^]MF BM A\MKF
 Ufif sm npioen eunkbf mi jftfr mstn mk aukeofknjomktf. NEROQNBF
 Um usn pnrn enrhn, bmsenrhnr, mspmrn pnin m

oktmrempeofkms bm in fpmrneoõk bmi enjoõk, somjprm qum
mstm smktnbf mi fpmrnbfr.
 Netovn mi sostmjn dobrîuioef bmi armkf smrvoeof bm ins
rumbns pfstmrofrms efk ukn prmsoõk kf jfbuinbn. Ufif
sm bmlm npioenr eunkbf mi enjoõk mstn
efjpimtnjmktm bmtmkobf.
BMUNEROQNBF
Kf usnr mi oktmrruptfr bm lifqumf bm armkf pnrn bmtmkmr mi enjoõk n jmkfs

qum mi pmbni bm armkf mstï okfpmrntovf.
Kf usnr mi lifqumf bm armkf pnrn mstneofknrsm. Efk mi jftfr bmtmkobf, in
prmsoõk dobrîuioen sm purhnrî, pmrjotomkbf in iolmrneoõk bm ifs armkfs.
>><
OKRM\\]WRF\ BM W\]MLN BM A\MKFU
Um utoiozn pnrn okoeonr in prumln bm armknbf mstîtoen
qum sfk3 Armkf bm smrvoeof, armkf bm
mstneofknjomktf y rmtnrbf bokîjoef. Um Wuisn in
pnrtm supmrofr pnrn mktrnr n in prumln bm armkf
eujpiomkbf ins efkboeofkms kmemsnrons.
Um mkemkbmrî in iuz îjlnr mk in pnrtm supmrofr bmi

oktmrruptfr okboenkbf qum mi enjoõk mstî mk jfbf
bm prumln bm armkfs.
Eunkbf mstî aocf sm okoeon in prumln bm armkf,
eunkbf pnrpnbmn in prumln bm armkfs mstî mk mi
vniobneoõk y eunkbf sm npnhn in prumln bm armkf n
tmrjoknbf.
>>5
OKRM\\]WRF\ ENIMKRNBF\ BM JFRF\
Eunkbf mstn mk in pfsoeoõk FK, sm utoiozn pnrn

smenr ins rmsostmkeons bm rmtnrbf ni nrrnkenr mi
enjoõk bmspuïs bm qum sm dn invnbf f
mstneofknbf mk efkboeofkms bm iiuvon. Mstf
jokojoznrî in pfsoloiobnb bm netovnr ukn aniin n
tomrrn bmlobf ni nhun mk ins rmsostmkeons.
Rnjloïk sm pumbm utoioznr pnrn jnktmkmr mi

jftfr eniomktm mk efkboeofkms bm arêf, yn qum
pfkm ukn pmqumþn enktobnb bm in enrhn efktrn mi
jftfr.
KF MURN MK ]UF3 Um utoiozn pnrn trnlncfs mk eiojns bm lncn tmjpmrnturn.
>>2
OKRM\\]WRF\ BM BMUENKUF
 In pfsoeoõk netovnbf, ms pnrn bms-mkmrhoznr
mi sostmjn bm jnkbf NE.
 Netovnrif somjprm qum mi enjoõk sm bmln
bmtmkmr f mstneofknr pfr inrhf tomjpf efk mi
jftfr aukeofknkbf. In pninken bm efktrfi
bormeeofkni bmlm mstnr mk
MURNEOFKNJOMKRF.
In netovneoõk bmi oktmrruptfr bm bmsenksf pfr sê

sfif KF hnrnktozn efjpimtnjmktm qum mi sostmjn
bm jnkbf smn smhurf pnrn trnlncnr mk ïi.
BMUNEROQNBF ¡KF netovm mi oktmrruptfr bm bmsenksf jomktrns mi
(Mkmrhoznbf)
enjoõk mstï mk jfvojomktf!
>>=
WNINKEN BM IMQNKRM RFIQN
>. Efifenr
Efifenr in pninken
pninken smimetfr
smimetfr n Kmutrf.
Kmutrf.
<. Npioenr
Npioenr mi lifqum
lifqumf
f bmi armkf
armkf (trnln)
(trnln)..
5. Rornr
Rornr in pninken
pninken bm imvnktm
imvnktm..
2. Nemimrnr
Nemimrnr n jîxojns
jîxojns rpj,
rpj, dnstn
dnstn in
smhukbn mtnpn bmi vîstnhf bm ifs
eoiokbrfs bm imvnktm.
=. Lncnr in tfivn,
tfivn, bmcnkbf
bmcnkbf qum
qum lncm pfr
hrnvmbnb y pmsf. Ufitnr in pninken
sunvmjmktm pnrn qum sm uloqum mk in
pfsoeoõk bm AIFRNEOÕK.
Instrnr jntmroni, bnþn hrnvmjmktm mi ednsos, pnsnbfrms, eoiokbrfs bm imvnktm

y tfivn bmi enjoõk.
>>1
WNINKEN BO\MEEOFKNI
W3 Mstneofknjomktf.
\3 \mvmrsn.
K3 Kmutrf.
A3 Nvnkem.
Kf efifenr in pninken bormeeofkni n MURNEOFKNJOMKRF mk in pnin f mk mi lftnbmrf. Mi

hfipm rmpmktokf pfbrên dnemr qum mi smksfr bm jfvojomktf iolmrm mi armkf bm
mstneofknjomktf.
Npioenr mi armkf bm smrvoeof y mi enjoõk bmlm mstnr efjpimtnjmktm bmtmkobf nktms bm
jfvmr in pninken bm efktrfi.
>>8
OKRM\\]WRF\ BM NK]INEOÕK / \MUMRMF BM ANIIN
>. Wmrjotm
Wmrjotm jfvmr mi enjoõk
enjoõk dneon bminktm
bminktm efk tfivn imvnktnbf. UM
tfivn imvnktnbf.
MKE]MKR\N \MUR\OKHOBF, UÕIF WN\N MJM\HMKEONU.
<. Bmsnetovn
Bmsnetovn in aukeoõk
aukeoõk bmi pmbni bm rmtnrbf
rmtnrbf eunkbf
eunkbf in vmifeobnb
vmifeobnb bmi
enjoõk ms okamrofr n = `j/d (5 jpd).
5. \mefkaohurnr ukn
ukn aniin miïetroen, eunkbf ms okboenbn mk in pnktniin
bohotni.
>>4
OKRM\\]WRF\ BM WN\NBN BMI JFRF\
 Imvnktnr mi oktmrruptfr pnrn npnhnr mi jftfr.
 ]snr pnrn npnhnr mi jftfr so ïstm kf sm
bmtomkm hornkbf mi oktmrruptfr bm nrrnkqum n
faa, f pnrn npnhnr mi jftfr sok bmsefkmetnr
ifs eoreuotfs miïetroefs bm <2 Qfit.
 Mxostm uk oktmrruptfr bm pnrnbn bmi jftfr n
kovmi bmi posf y enlokn mk ensf bm ukn
mjmrhmkeon.
U]LO\ LNCN\
Jftfr Npnhnbf Jftfr Mkemkbobf
>>?
BONI EFKR\FI BM QMIFEOBNB BMI \MRN\BF ― \UE
 Ms netovnbf jmbonktm uk oktmrruptfr pfr mi fpmrnbfr. Mi boni \UE
pmrjotm vnronr in vmifeobnb
vmifeobnb bmi enjoõk mk ukn pmkbomktm
pmkbomktm kmhntovn.
 Nktms bm okoeonr ukn pmkbomktm sfitnr mi pmbni nemimrnbfr y bmcnr qum mi
enjoõk nvnkem pfr okmreon, iumhf prfhrnjnr hornkbf mi boni \UE dneon
in ozquomrbn dnstn netovnr mi rmtnrbf bokîjoef.
N\\OLN
(Netovnbf)
NLNCF
(Bmsnetovnbf)
><7
BONI EFKR\FI BM QMIFEOBNB BMI \MRN\BF ― \UE
 Mi pmbni nemimrnbfr nkuinrî in aukeoõk bmi boni \UE. Kf sm netovnrî mi

rmtnrbf bokîjoef n jmkfs qum sm nienkem mi ncustm bm sflrm vmifeobnb
f sm neeofkm mi pmbni bm rmtnrbf.
 Mi pmbni bm rmtnrbf nkuinrî mi boni \UE so mi msaumrzf bm rmtnrbf qum sm
kmemsotn ms jnyfr qum mi bmi sostmjn
s ostmjn bmi boni prfhrnjnbf.
 Uo in vmifeobnb efktokón bmsemkbomkbf n = `j/d (5 jpd) lncf in
vmifeobnb prfhrnjnbn, mi rmtnrbf bokîjoef sm bmsefkmetnrî mk afrjn
nutfjîtoen.
><>
WNINKEN BM \MRN\BF BOKÎJOEF
Jfktnbn mk mi inbf bmrmedf bm in efiujkn bm bormeeoõk sm pumbm utoioznr
pnrn jfbuinr mi msaumrzf bm rmtnrbf. Wumbm pmrjnkmemr mk ukn pfsoeoõk
aocn ni sfitnrin efktrfinkbf in vmifeobnb bmi enjoõk.
e njoõk.
 Eunkbf sm usn in pninken bm

rmtnrbf bmlm smr jfbuinbf tnktf
pnrn rmtnrbnr f rmtfrknr n
prfpuisoõk.
><<
WMBNI BM \MRN\BF / A\MKF UM\QOEOF
 Wmbni ókoef qum efktrfin tnktf ins aukeofkms bm
rmtnrbf efjf bm armkf bm smrvoeof.
 In projmrn pnrtm efjnkbn mi msaumrzf bm rmtnrbf
n trnvïs bm uk pftmkeoõjmtrf. In smhukbn pnrtm
jfbuin in prmsoõk bmi armkf bm smrvoeof
bormetnjmktm n trnvïs bm ukn vîivuin dobrîuioen.
Mi rmtnrbf bokîjoef sm bmlm utoioznr pnrn bosjokuor y efktrfinr in

vmifeobnb bmi enjoõk.
Mi armkf bm smrvoeof sm bmlm npioenr sõif eunkbf mi rmtnrbf bokîjoef
rmquomrn aumrzn bm armknbf nboeofkni pnrn bosjokuor rîpobnjmktm in
vmifeobnb bmi enjoõk (mjmrhmkeon) f ni bmtmkmr efjpimtnjmktm mi
enjoõk bmlncf bm 4`j/d.
><5
EFKEMWRF BM \MRN\BF BOKÎJOEF
Mi rmtnrbf bokîjoef ms uk tfrqum bm armkf (kf uk armkf). Um prfbuem pfr
hmkmrneoõk miïetroen n trnvïs bm ifs jftfrms miïetroefs, eunkbf mi
jfvojomktf bmi enjoõk (ojpuisfr) ms in aumrzn bm prfpuisoõk.
 Mi rmtnrbf mstn bospfkolim mk nvnkem/rmtrfemsf, in aumrzn bm rmtnrbf

kf smrî mametovn bmlncf ifs = `j/d
` j/d (5 jpd).
 Kf bmtmkbrî mi enjoõk efjpimtnjmktm mk ukn pmkbomktm. ]snr mi
lifqumf bm armkf f mstneofknjomktf smhók in fpmrneoõk.
 Burnktm mi rmtnrbf ins rpj bmi jftfr nutfjîtoenjmktm pnsnrîk ni
ncustm bm vmifeobnb bm rmtnrbf.
 Um npioenrî nutfjîtoenjmktm so in vmifeobnb bmi enjoõk nienkzn mi
ncustm bm vmifeobnb jîxojn prfhrnjnbf mk mi sfatwnrm bmi sostmjn
bm efktrfi (sflrm vmifeobnb).
><2
RNLIN BM QMIFEOBNB / WMKBOMKRM
 Mi eunbrf prfpfreofkn ifs iêjotms
JNTOJFU bm rmtnrbf rmefjmkbnbf n
bovmrsns vmifeobnbms y pmkbomktms
efk uk enjoõk enrhnbf.
 Mi rmtnrbf vmifeobnb Jîxojn,
efkeumrbnk efk mi Wmsf Lrutf bmi
Qmdêeuif (HQX).
 Mi usf efrrmetf bmi rmtnrbf bokîjoef
im nyubnrî n jnktmkmr ukn vmifeobnb
UMH]\N mk in pmkbomktm.
WF\RMKRNCM ><% >7% 4% 1% 2%

H\NBFU
H\NBFU 8· 1· =· 2· 5·
><=
BONH\NJN BMI UOURMJN BM W\FW]IUOÕK & \MRN\BF
\msostmkeons bm
rmtnrbf & jftfrms
sfpinbfr
Hnlokmtm Jftfrms
Jftfr bomsmi Nitmrknbfr Ufpinbfr bm efktrfi miïetroefs
Uostmjn bm prfpuisoõk
Uostmjn bm rmtnrbf bokîjoef
><1
UOURMJN BM MKA\ONJOMKRF
><8
@FJQOUOFK
• Uostmjn tftnijmktm oktmhrnbf bm
bmtmeeoõk bm flcmtfs efjloknkbf
eîjnrns y rnbnr. In tmekfifhên bm
ojnhmk " efsturn " pmrjotm ni jfkotfr
jfstrnr ukn vostn bm ’fcfs bm pîcnrf‚
bmi enjoõk y sus nirmbmbfrms.
nirmbmbfrms.
• Mi efktrfi iõhoef mstnlimem ins

profrobnbms bm ifs flcmtfs bmtmetnbfs.
bmtmetnbfs.
• Mi fpmrnbfr tomkm in pfsoloiobnb bm
bmsnetovnr ni efktrfi iõhoef pnrn vmr ukn
eîjnrn mspmeêaoen so if bmsmns.
• ]k tftni bm 1 eîjnrns y 4 rnbnrms
oktmhrnbfs
oktmhrnbfs mk ukn sfin vostn
@FJQOUOFK
@FJQOUOFK
W\FEMBOJOMKRFU
BM FWM\NEOFK
5.- W\FEMBOJOMKRFU BM FWM\NEOÕK
OKUWMEEOÕK W\M-FWM\NEOFKNI
Wnrn in okspmeeoõk nirmbmbfr bmi
mquopf sm bmlm efksobmrnr ifs
sohuomktms pnsfs3 Wuktf okoeof,
frbmk iõhoef y rutokn.
>. Kovmi
vmi bm
bmi sum
sumif.
if.
<. Kovm
Kovmii bm pin
pintn
tnaf
afrj
rjn.
n.
5. Kovmi
vmi bm
bm en
enlok
lokn.
Efjomkem mk in msquokn bminktmrn ozquomrbn bmi enjoõk (vmr oiustrneoõk) y juïvnsm dneon in
ozquomrbn. Bmsbm nbminktm dneon ntrîs, dnstn iimhnr ni puktf bm pnrtobn.
>5<
NKRMU BM N\\NKEN\ MI JFRF\
>. Nsmhurnrsm
Nsmhurnrsm qumqum mi pmrsfkn
pmrsfknii mstï imcfs
imcfs nktms
nktms bm nrrnken
nrrnkenrr mi jftfr
jftfr.
<. Efjprflnr
Efjprflnr qum in in pninken
pninken bormee
bormeeofkni
ofkni mstm mk mstneof
mstneofknjom
knjomktf,
ktf,
bmsnetovnbf mi lifqumf bm armkf y mi oktmrruptfr bm bmsenksf netovnbf.
net ovnbf.
5. Nlror mi
mi efktnetf
efktnetf y mspmrnr
mspmrnr sm rmnioem
rmnioem mi nutfbo
nutfbonhkõ
nhkõstoef
stoef bmi mquop
mquopf.f.
2. Rfenr mi einxfk
einxfk efjf nbvmrt
nbvmrtmkeon
mkeon,, hornr mi oktmrru
oktmrruptfr
ptfr bm nrrnkqu
nrrnkqumm dnstn
in pfsoeoõk URN\R y jnktmkmr msn pfsoeoõk dnstn qum mi jftfr
nrrnkqum.
Flsmrvneoõk3 Mi enjoõk mstî mquopnbf efk uk sostmjn bm prm-iulroeneoõk bmi jftfr.

Um prfbuem uk rmtrnsf kftnlim jomktrns sm prmsurozn ifs pnsfs bm iulroeneoõk bmi
jftfr.
Kf horm ifs jftfrms miïetroef pfr jîs bm 57 smhukbfs. Mspmrm bfs jokutfs nktms bm
vfivmr n oktmktnr nrrnkenr mi jftfr.
>55
BMUW]ÏU BM N\\NKEN\ MI JFRF\
>. Bmcnr enimktnr
enimktnr mi jftfr mk rnimktê burnktm = jokutfs (bmpmkbomkbf
(bmpmkbomkbf in
tmjpmrnturn njlomktm u ftrns efkboeofkms).
<. Mspmrnr
Mspmrnr qum sm npnhum
npnhum in ninrjn
ninrjn sfkfrn,
sfkfrn, iuz bm nbvmrtmkeo
nbvmrtmkeonn y mi
okboenbfr mk in pnktniin bohotni bm prmsoõk lncn bm bormeeoõk. Ensf
efktrnrof bmtmkmr mi jftfr m okafrjnr mi prflimjn.
5. Bmsnetovnr mi oktmrruptfr bm bmsenksf (mkmrhoznr), mk smhukbfs sm
npnhnrî in iuz Kf dny vfitncm bm mkinem BE. ûmbnkbf mkemkbobf in iuz
bmi sostmjn bm prfpuisoõk kf prmpnrnbn y sm npnhnrî mk ukfs smhukbfs
fltmkomkbf nsê in prfpuisoõk bmi enjoõk.
2. Nktms bm snior n fpmrneofkms
fpmrneofkms netovm mi oktmrruptfr \UE, iumhf efjprumlm
ifs eoreuotfs bm armkfs y bormeeoõk.
Kf bmcm mi enjoõk bmsntmkbobf jomktrns mi jftfr mstî mk aukeofknjomktf.
>52
W\]MLN BM A\MKFU
Nktms bm bmsnrrfiinr euniquomr prumln bm
armkfs, sm bmlm eujpior ins sohuomktms3
 Efkboeofkms3
 In tfivn bmlm mstnr vneên.

 Mi enjoõk sflrm uk îrmn pinkf,
bfkbm sm pmrjotn jfvmr mi enjoõk.
 Mstnbf3
 Jftfr mkemkbobf.
 Mkmrhoznbf mi sostmjn bm prfpuisoõk.
 Npnhnbf in iuz bmi sostmjn bm
prfpuisoõk kf prmpnrnbf.
 Oktmrruptfr bmi lifqumf bm armkfs
bmsnetovnbf.
>5=
A\MKF UM\QOEOF
>. Wosm efjpimtnjmktm mi pmbni bmi

armkf bm smrvoeof.
<. Jfvmr in pninken bormeeofkni n
KM]R\F.
5. Wrmsofknr mi oktmrruptfr bm prumln bm
armkfs y mspmrnr qum in iuz bm
b m prumln
bm armkfs sm oiujokm.
2. Efk
Efk mimi pmbn
pmbnii bm
bm armk
armkf
f bm
bm smrvo
smrvoeof
eof
tftnijmktm posnbf, nemimrnr mi jftfr
n jîxojf.
>51
A\MKF UM\QOEOF
=. Mi pnkmpnkmii BOB
BOB jfstjfstrn
rnrîrî33 Umrvoem Lrn`m Rmst NEROQM
Edme` Rrue` Jfvmjmkt Xdmk Iohdt Ainsdms.
1. Eunkbf
Eunkbf in iuziuz okboenbf
okboenbfrn
rn bm prumln
prumln bm armkfs
armkfs sm tfrkn oktmrjotmktm
oktmrjotmktm,, mi
fpmrnbfr bmtmrjokn mi mstntus bmi armkf bm smrvoeof.
n) Uo mi enjoõ
enjoõk k kf sm jfvo
jfvoõ3 õ3 Mi sostmjn bmi armkf bm smrvoeof pnsõ
in prumln.
l) Uo mi enjoõk
enjoõk sm jfvoõ
jfvoõ burnktm
burnktm in prumln3
prumln3 Mi sostmjn bmi armkf
bm smrvoeof kf pnsõ in prumln, kftoaoqum ni pmrsfkni bm
jnktmkojomktf okjmbontnjmktm.
8. Iolmrnr
Iolmrnr mi pmbni
pmbni nemimrn
nemimrnbfr
bfr,, in prumln
prumln dn tmrjoknb
tmrjoknbff y in iuz okboenb
okboenbfrn
frn
bm prumln bm armkfs sm npnhn.
4. Jfvmr in in pninken
pninken bormeeofk
bormeeofknini n mstneofkn
mstneofknjomktf
jomktf y iolmrnr
iolmrnr mi pmbni
pmbni bmi
bmi
armkf bm smrvoeof.
>58
A\MKF MURNEOFKNJOMKRF
>. ]loenr
]loenr in pninken
pninken bormeeofkn
bormeeofknii mk in pfsoeoõk
pfsoeoõk mstneof
mstneofknjo
knjomktf.
mktf.
<. Wrmsofknr
Wrmsofknr mi oktmr
oktmrruptf
ruptfrr bm prumln
prumln bmbm armkfs
armkfs y mspmrn
mspmrnrr qum
qum sm
mkeomkbn aocf in iuz okboenbfrn bm prumln bm armkfs.
5. Mi pnkm
pnkmii BOB
BOB jfst
jfstrn rî33 Wnròkh Lrn`m fr \mtnrb Rmst \MNB_
rnrî
Wrmss Neemi
Neemi fr
f r \mtnrb Wmbni tf stnrt
2. Wosnr
Wosnr n afkbf
afkbf mi pmbni
pmbni bmi
bmi nemimr
nemimrnbf
nbfrr.
=. Mi pnkm
pnkmii BOBBOB jfstjfstrnrnrî
rî33 Wnròkh Lrn`m Rmst NEROQM
Edme` Rrue` jfvmjmkt
jfvmjmkt Xdmk Iohdt Ainsdms.
>54
A\MKF MURNEOFKNJOMKRF
1. Eunkbf
Eunkbf in iuz
iuz okboenbf
okboenbfrn
rn bm prumln
prumln bm armkfs
armkfs sm tfrkn oktmrjotmkt
oktmrjotmktm,
m, mi
fpmrnbfr bmtmrjokn mi mstntus bmi armkf bm mstneofknjomktf.
n) Uo mi enjoenjoõk
õk kf sm jfvoõ33 Mi sostmjn bmi armkf bm
sm jfvoõ
mstneofknjomktf pnsõ in prumln.
l) Uo mi enjoõk
enjoõk sm jfvoõ
jfvoõ burnktm
burnktm in prumln3
prumln3 Mi sostmjn bmi armkf
bm mstneofknjomktf kf pnsõ in prumln, kftoaoqum ni pmrsfkni bm
jnktmkojomktf okjmbontnjmktm.
8. Iolmrnr
Iolmrnr mimi pmbni
pmbni nemimrn
nemimrnbfr
bfr,, in prumln
prumln dn tmrjoknbf
tmrjoknbf y in iuz iuz
okboenbfrn bm prumln bm armkfs sm npnhn.
>5?
\MRN\BF BOKÎJOEF
>. ]loenr
]loenr in pninken
pninken bormeeo
bormeeofkni
fkni mk
mk in pfsoeoõk
pfsoeoõk mstneofk
mstneofknjomk
njomktf.
tf.
<. Wrmsofknr
Wrmsofknr mi mi oktmrrup
oktmrruptfr
tfr bm prumln
prumln bmbm armkfs
armkfs y mspmrnr
mspmrnr qum
qum sm
mkeomkbn aocf in iuz okboenbfrn bm prumln bm armkfs.
5. Mi pnkm
pnkmii BOB
BOB jfst
jfstrn
rnrî
rî33 Wnròkh Lrn`m fr \mtnrb Rmst \MNB_
Wrmss Neemi
Neemi fr \mtnrb Wmbni tf stnrt.
2. Wosnr
Wosnr n afkbf
afkbf mi pmbni
pmbni bm rmtnr
rmtnrbf.
bf.
=. In vmif
vmifeob
eobnb
nb bmi
bmi jftf
jftfrr sm okermj
okermjmkt
mktnrî
nrî
nutfjîtoenjmktm y mi pnkmi BOB jfstrnrî3 \mtnrb Uystmj Rmst
NEROQM
- - \njpokh Mkhokm Upmmb - -.
1. Iumh
Iumhf f mi
mi pnk
pnkmi
mi BOB
BOB jfs jfstr
trnrî3 \mtnrb Uystmj Rmst NEROQM
nrî3
- - \W> - - \W< - -\W5-- EDFW - - .
>27
\MRN\BF BOKÎJOEF
8. Burnktm
Burnktm in prumln
prumln bm rmtnrb
rmtnrbf
f in iuz
iuz okboenbfrn
okboenbfrn bm
bm prumln
prumln bm armkfs
armkfs
bmstmiinrî burnktm >7 smhukbfs okboenkbf in prumln mxotfsn.
4. Mi pnkm
pnkmii BOB jfstr
jfstrnr î3 \mtnrb Uystmj Rmst WNUUMB
nrî3
fr \mtnrb Uystmj Rmst ANOIMB
KFRN3 Uo in iuz okboenbfrn bm in prumln bm armkfs kuken ms
bmstmiin f sm npnhn, ms pfrqum in prumln dn aniinbf.
4. Iolmrnr
Iolmrnr mi pmbni
pmbni bm rmtnrbf
rmtnrbf eunkbf
eunkbf sm sm bmsnemim
bmsnemimrn
rn mi jftfr
nutfjîtoenjmktm y in iuz okboenbfrn bm prumln bm armkfs sm npnhn.
Uo in prumln bmi sostmjn bm rmtnrbf aniin, kftoaoqum ni pmrsfkni bm

jnktmkojomktf okjmbontnjmktm. Kf rmokoeom fpmrneofkms n jmkfs
qum mi enjoõk pnsm tfbns ins prumlns bm armkfs
>2>
W\]MLN BM IN BO\MEEOÕK BM MJM\HMKEON
>. Mi enjoõk
enjoõk vneêf
vneêf mk
mk ukn supmraoeom
supmraoeom pinkn.
pinkn. Nrrnkenr
Nrrnkenr mi
mi jftfr
jftfr y bmcnr
bmcnr
qum enrhum mi sostmjn dobrîuioef (in ninrjn sfkfrn, ins iuems bm
prmsoõk bm bormeeoõk y prmsoõk bm armkfs, sm bmlmk npnhnr).
<. Npnhnr
Npnhnr mi
mi jftfr
jftfr usnkbf
usnkbf mi oktmrruptf
oktmrruptfrr bm
bm pnrnbn
pnrnbn bmi jftfr.
jftfr. Ins iuems
bm prmsoõk bm bormeeoõk, prmsoõk bm armkf y prmsoõk bmi neujuinbfr
kf sm bmlmk mkemkbmr.
5. Hornr mi vfinktm
vfinktm bm bormeeo
bormeeoõk
õk pnrn
pnrn njlfs
njlfs inbfs.
inbfs. Ins
Ins rumbns
rumbns
bminktmrns bmlmk hornr efjpimtnjmktm dneon in ozquomrbn y bmrmedn.
Ins iuems bm prmsoõk bm bormeeoõk, prmsoõk bm armkf y in ninrjn
sfkfrn sm bmlmk mkemkbmr (sohkoaoen qum sm iolmrõ in prmsoõk
dobrîuioen).Uo ins iuems okboenbfrns y in ninrjn sfkfrn kf sm
netovnk, kftoaoqum okjmbontnjmktm ni supmrvosfr.
supmrvosfr.
>2<
W\]MLN BM IFU NE]J]INBF\MU BM A\MKFU
 Efjprflnr mstm sostmjn efk mi jftfr npnhnbf y bmspuïs qum in

prumln bm bormeeoõk bm mjmrhmkeon dn sobf efjpimtnbn.
 Wosnr y sfitnr mi pmbni bmi armkf bm smrvoeof nprfxojnbnjmktm (=)
vmems, prmstnr ntmkeoõk n in nbvmrtmkeon bm in prmsoõk bmi armkf.
UO MURM UOURMJN KMEMUORN UM\ ]UNBF B]\NKRM IN
FWM\NEOÕK.
 Bmtmkmr mi enjoõk okjmbontnjmktm y npioenr mstneofknjomktf. KF
fpmrnr mi enjoõk, juïvnif aumrn bm rutn, mte. KF lfjlmnr mi armkf.
KFRN3 Mi rnkhf bm npioeneoõk bmi pmbni bmi armkf bm smrvoeof pumbm
vnronr iohmrnjmktm bmlobf n in prmsoõk bm npioeneoõk bmi fpmrnbfr.
>25
MURNEOFKNJOMKRF
MURNEOFKNJOMKRF BMI M^]OWF
>. ]loenr
]loenr mi enjoõk mk ukn ukn supmraoeom
supmraoeom pinkn,
pinkn, iolrm bm bmrrujl
bmrrujlms ms y
rncnburns.
<. Jfvmr in pninken
pninken bormeeofkni
bormeeofkni n mstneofknjom
mstneofknjomktf
ktf y netovnr mi oktmrruptfr
oktmrruptfr
bm bmsenksf.
5. Bmsnetovnr mi oktmrruptfr bmi \UE y ftrfs oktmrruptfrms qum qum aumrfk
kmemsnrofs pnrn in fpmrneoõk.
Uo sm mstneofkn mk in vên bm trîksotf pfr aniin tïekoen, mkemkbmr ins iuems bm mjmrhmkeon,
efifenr tnefs y lmrjn bm smhurobnb. ¡¡¡ Okafrjnr ni supmrvosfr okjmbontf !!!
>22
NWNHNBF BMI JFRF\
>. Hornr mi oktmrruptfr
oktmrruptfr bm nrrnkqum
nrrnkqum n FAA (mi
(mi jftfr sm npnhnrî
npnhnrî bmspuïs bmbm
uk tomjpf, sm netovf mi tmjpfroznbfr
t mjpfroznbfr bmi jftfr).
<. Wmrjnkmemr
Wmrjnkmemr smktnbf
smktnbf mk in enlokn dnstn
dnstn qum sm bmsprmsuroem
bmsprmsuroem mi sostmjn
sostmjn
dobrîuioef y qum kf dnyn nbvmrtmkeons netovns.
5. \mnioznr ukn okspmeeoõk nirmbmbfr bmi mquopf nktms bm rmtornrsm bmi
îrmn bm fpmrneofkms.
\mpfrtnr n su cmam okjmbontf bm nihukn

ni hukn mvmktuniobnb burnktm
burnktm in fpmrneoõk bmi enjoõk.
>2=
2.- RÏEKOENU BM FWM\NEOÕK
\MEFJMKBNEOFKMU
 Mktmkbmr einrnjmktm tfbfs ifs prfembojomktfs bm fpmrneoõk prfpofs bmi
enjoõk y bm su efjpnþên.
 Wnrn efktrfinr in vmifeobnb mk nenrrmf, sm bmlmk efksobmrnr ins
efkboeofkms bmi enjokf, eiojn, pmkbomktm, enrhn, efkhmstoõk bm
vmdêeuifs y mstnbf bmi mquopf.
 \mspmtnr ifs prfembojomktfs bm trnlncf, kfrjns bm trîksotf y somjprm
mstï nimrtn n euniquomr efkboeoõk okusuni.
 Kf bmcnr mi jftfr aukeofknkbf mk rnimktê pfr inrhfs pmrêfbfs.
 \mnioznr mi edmqumf bm ins iuems bm nbvmrtmkeon, nktms bm snior n
fpmrneofkms.
Kf oktmktnr netovnr mi lifqumf bm armkf efk mi enjoõk mk jfvojomktf. Ufif sm

pumbm netovnr,
netovnr, eunkbf in vîivuin bmi pmbni bmi armkf bm smrvoeof aniim.
>28
Npioeneoõk bmi enjoõk bm nenrrmf @fjntsu ?47M-2
EN\H]OF NEN\\MF
BMUEN\HN
>24
OKH\MUF NI Î\MN BM EN\H]ÊF
In iimhnbn y nemrenjomktf ni mquopf bm enrhuêf, sm bmlm mametunr n ukn
vmifeobnb rmbueobn, bm tni jnkmrn qum nktm euniquomr netf f efkboeoõk sm
pumbn mvotnr uk okeobmktm, rmneeofknkbf bm afrjn smhurn.
>2?
WFUOEOFKNJOMKRF MK MUWM\N BM WNIN
Enrhnkbf Mk Mspmrn
Mk in jnyfrên bm ins fpmrneofkms jokmrns, mk rmineoõk n in fptojozneoõk

bmi rmkbojomktf bm sus mquopfs. Ms kmemsnrof rmnioznr enrhuêf pfr njlfs
inbfs, pfr mi euni sm bmlm rmspmtnr ifs W\FEMBOJOMKRFU OKRM\KFU
BM ENBN F\HNKOSNEOÕK
>=7
WFUOEOFKNJOMKRF MK MUWM\N BM WNIN
Ifs puktfs eomhfs bm enrhuêf bmi enjoõk, ms mi îrmn efk jns pftmkeoni bm
pmiohrf pnrn tmkmr uk neeobmktm ni jfjmktf bm eunbrnrsm.
>=>
OKH\MUF N IN SFKN BM EN\HN
Um bmlm obmktoaoenr puktfs bm fromktneoõk pnrn tfbns ins jnkoflrns, mi

euni nyubnrn jnktmkmr in bostnkeon mktrm njlfs mquopfs.
>=<
OKH\MUF N IN SFKN BM EN\HN
Obmktoaoenr jntmronims qum pfbrênk enusnr bnþfs n ifs kmujîtoefs burnktm mi

eunbrnbf bmi enjoõk.
>=5
WFUOEOÕK BMI ENJOÕK MK IN WNIN
<. Emktrf 5. Wfstmrofr
>. Qosmrn
In uloeneoõk bm in enrhn bmlm efksobmrnr trms puktfs bm rmamrmkeon

ojpfrtnktms.
>=2
WFUOEOÕK BMI ENJOÕK MK IN WNIN
Kmujîtoefs Uuspmksoõk Ednsos
Uo sm rmniozn uk jni enrhuêf pumbm mstnr prfpmksf n vnrofs romshfs burnktm in

fpmrneoõk y bnþfs ni josjf mquopf.
>==
NEN\\MF BM JNRM\ONI
UIOBM (bmsioznjomktf) UIOW (pntokncm)

fpmrneoõk mk \mtnrbf. fpmrneoõk mk Wrfpuisoõk.
>=1
\MOKOEON\ WN\ROBN MK ]KN WMKBOMKRM WFUOROQN
Uomjprm qum smn pfsolim, in prfpuisoõk okoeoni efk uk enjoõk enrhnbf sm
bmlm okoeonr bmsbm ukn supmraoeom pinkn. Uo mi enjoõk vn okoeonr mk ukn
pmkbomktm, utoioem mi sohuomktm prfembojomktf3
>. Wosnr mi armkf
armkf bm smrvoeo
smrvoeof
f n
afkbf.
<. Bmsneto
Bmsnetovnr
vnr mimi lifqumf
lifqumf bm bm
armkf f Mstneofknjomktf
(Bmpmkbomkbf
(Bmpmkbomkbf mi ensf).
5. Jfvmr in pninken
pninken bormeeo
bormeeofkni
fkni
n ’A‚.
2. Nemimrnr
Nemimrnr prfhrmsovn
prfhrmsovnjmktm
jmktm y
eunkbf mi enjoõk mjpomem
n tmkmr jfvojomktf, iolmrnr
pfr efjpimtf mi armkf bm
smrvoeof y smhuor nemimrnkbf.
>=8
OKH\MUF NI Î\MN BM LFRNBM\F
Nprfxojnrsm somjprm mk smktobf dfrnrof dneon mi inbf bm in lmrjn, bm tni

jnkmrn qum ustmb tmkhn vosoloiobnb bmi mstnbf bmi posf, niturn bm lmrjn f
mquopfs. Uomjprm obmktoaoenr uk puktf bm rmamrmkeon pnrn in fromktneoõk bmi
jfvojomktf mk rmvmrsn
>=4
OKH\MUF NI Î\MN BM LFRNBM\F
In iêkmn bm bmsenrhn ms WM\WMKBOE]IN\ mk in lmrjn bm smhurobnb. Uomjprm

tmkmr mk eumktn qum in lmrjn kf ms uk jurf bm efktmkeoõk sokf uk puktf bm
rmamrmkeon.
>=?
]LOENEOÕK BMI M^]OWF BM NWF_F
Mk mi îrmn bm bmsenrhn kfrjnijmktm rmquomrm ukn pinkoaoeneoõk bonron, if

euni ms kmemsnrof bmsenrhnr mk nihukns îrmns bmtmrjoknbns. Mk mstn îrmn
sm pumbm mkefktrnr uk mquopf rmemptfr.
>17
BMUEN\HN BM JNRM\ONI
]kn vmz uloenbf mk mi puktf bm bmsenrhn, efjomkem mi prfembojomktf bm
bmsenrhn eujpiomkbf ifs sohuomktms pnsfs3
>. Netovnr mi oktmrru

oktmrruptfr
ptfr bmi lifqum
lifqumff bm armkf.
<. Cninr in pninken bm imvnktm
imvnktm tfivn dneon ntrîs y iumhf nemimrnr mi jftfr
n jîxojns rpj, dnstn mi aokni bm in smhukbn mtnpn bmi vîstnhf bm ifs
eoiokbrfs bm imvnktm.
5. Bmcnr
Bmcnr bm nemimrnr
nemimrnr dnstn efjpimtnr
efjpimtnr in bmsenrhn.
bmsenrhn.
2. Lncnr in tfivn, bmcnkbf qum lncm pfr hrnvmbnb y pmsf. Ufitnr in pninken
sunvmjmktm pnrn qum sm uloqum mk in pfsoeoõk bm AIFRNEOÕK.
AIFRNEOÕK.
>1>
W\ÎEROENU OKEF\\MERNU
 Kf rmnioznr in okspmeeoõk nirmbmbfr bmi mquopf.
 Jfvmr in pninken bm efktrfi bormeeofkni mk jfvojomktfs bmi enjoõk.
 Npioenr mi armkf bm smrvoeof sflrm ifs 4`j/d.
 Npioenr mi lifqumf bm armkf mk jfvojomktf.
jfvojomktf.
 \mtnrbnr bmktrf bm in rnjpn.
 Hornr in bormeeoõk dnstn mi aokni bm enrrmrn bm ifs eoiokbrfs dobrîuioefs n
vmifeobnb emrf.
 Nemimrnr mi jftfr nktms bm cninr in pninken bm imvnktm
imvnktm tfivn.
 Jnktmkmr nemimrnbf mi jftfr, dnstn mi aokni bm in 5 mtnpn bm ifs eoiokbrfs
bm imvnktm.
 Lncnr in tfivn y nemimrnr mi jftfr.
 Nvnkznr efk mi enjoõk burnktm in enêbn bm in tfivn y instrnbf jntmroni.
jntmroni.
>1<
\MEFJMKBNEOFKMU
ûm dnemr y ûm kf dnemr
Dnemr
• Umn efkseomktm bm sus nirmbmbfrms
• Okspmeeofkms prm fpmrneofknims
• ]sm mi eokturõk bm smhurobnb.
• \mspmtm ins kfrjns bm smhurobnb.
• Umimeeofkm in vmifeobnb nbmeunbn.
• ]toioznr tïekoens bm rmtnrbf.
• Lncm somjprm in tfivn nktms bm snior bmi îrmn bm
vfienbf.
• \mpfrtm bm bnþfs f okeobmktms.
ûm dnemr y ûm kf Dnemr
Kf dnemr!
• Rrnksotnr sflrm rfens, msefjlrfs
m sefjlrfs f bmskovmims.
bm skovmims.
• KF efktrfinr mi enjoõk efk rmtnrbf nktms bm
okhrmsnr n in rnjpn.
• ]toioznr ifs armkfs bm smrvoeof pnrn
jnktmkmr in vmifeobnb ni lncnr rnjpns.
• Hfipmnr ins lmrjns mk mi îrmn bm bmsenrhn
• Rrnsinbnrsm n vmifeobnbms
vmifeobnbm s mxemsovns
Efstfs efktrfinlims
 Okeobmktms
- Imsoõk
- Bnþfs mk mi mquopf
 Kmujîtoefs bmi Enjoõk
- Efrtm pfr \fens
 Jfvojomktfs Efrtfs
- Enrhnbf
- Lftnbmrf
 Nlusf bm Jnquokn
Jnquokn
- ]sf nbmeunbf bmi rmtnrbnbfr
- ]sf nbmeunbf bm ifs armkfs
- Efkseomktm bm ins efkboeofkms bmi
enjokf.
Efstf
Efstf ― ¶ûï jns im nametn6
Umhurobnb
Maoeomkeon
Jnktmkojomktf
Bospfkoloiobnb
Wrfbueeoõk

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K]MUR\FU QNIF\MU

WMKUNJFU MK KFU R\NLNCNJFU K]MUR\NU ^]M\MJFU UM\

Wuktuniobnb Wrfdolobf emiuinrms Wrfdolobf nrrfcnr,

Wrfdolobf efkvmrsnr Jnktmkmr mi \mspmtf Jnktmkmr mi frbmk

 Npioenr ins kfrjns bm smhurobnb mk mi mquopf y îrmn bm trnlncf.

 JÕB]IF 7>3 UMH]\OBNB.

 Jnktmkmr uk lftoquêk bm projmrfs nuxoiofs

 Jfvmr in pninken bormeeofkni n MURNEOFKNJOMKRF y netovnr mi

Eujpior mstns okboeneofkms so sm vn npnhnr mi jftfr (tmrjokf bm hunrbon, mte.)

 Okspmeeofknr y iojponr ifs

¡ K]KEN UNIRN\ WN\N U]LO\ F

 Mstn bosmþnbf in mstrueturn \FWU

Kf netovnr mi lifqumf bm armkf eunkbf mi armkf bm mstneofknjomktf mstî

Mstm oktmrruptfr efrtn mi okhrmsf

Mstm oktmrruptfr efrtn mi okhrmsf bm

• Mi rmtnrbf B_KNJOEF ms mi prokeopni jmbof bm efktrfi

EN\HN ÓROI 51<

@fjntsu Njïroen Efrp.

JFBMIF BMI ENJOÕK

In imtrn ’M‚, obmktoaoen uk sostmjn bm neeofknjomktf miïetroef bmi jftfr

@3 ROWF BM ANJOION JFRF\

Anlroenktm / Jfbmif bmi jftfr Eujjoks / ^U@84

Wftmkeon lrutn 5=77 DW (<1>7 `X) - >?77 rpj

Eîrtmr bmi jftfr * ?7 hni.

* Okeiuobf aoitrfs f mimjmktf bm aoitrnbf bmi nemotm bm iulroeneoõk.

Mcm Bminktmrf (21.8%) ….………………….. ><< 11< `h.

Mcm Bminktmrf (5<.4%) ……......................

Enrhn Ótoi Kfjokni*

 Enrhn kfjokni ― Kfrjnijmktm.

>7 % bm tfbns KOKH]KN

 Boîjmtrf bmi eoreuif bm horf ………….... 5<.7 j.

 Jnren D_B\NO\® OO, efktomkmk nemotm y kotrõhmkf.

 Okoeonijmktm ms mxeotnbf pfr in efrromktm bm ins lntmrêns.

LFJLN BM IMQNKRM _ LFJLN BM BO\MEEOÕK _

 Npioenr bmi armkf smrvoeof.

INBF OS^]OM\BF BMI ENJOÕK

Um bmlm okspmeeofknr n enbn okoeof bm turkf, flsmrvnr qum mstm iulroenbf y

 \mineoõk bm mkhrnkncms 5=.753>.

 Uu aukeofknjomktf efktokuf mk pmkbomktms ms dnstn mi ><%.

FLUM\QNEOÕK3 Mi lifqumf bm armkf sm pumbm

 Jnren D_B\NO\® OO, efktomkmk nemotm y kotrõhmkf.

>. Anrfs linkef

 Uu aukeoõk ms nijnemknr ukn enktobnb

 Jokojozn ifs rmsobufs y efkvomrtm mk mkmrhên mi

Mkaronbfr bm Efkbmksnbfr Mkaronbfr bm nemotm

Uu aukeoõk prokeopni ms trnksafrjnr in mkmrhên miïetroen n mkmrhên enifrêaoen.

In efrromktm miïetroen ms nkuinbn pfr

Um bmlm okspmeeofknr n okoeof

> < >. Anrf

I]EMU BM I]EMU JFBF # >

MKEMKBOBF / RMJWF\OSNBF\ BMUMJWNÞNBF\ ENIMKRNBF\ BMI

WMBNI BM \MRN\BF / A\MKF UM\QOEOF

WMBNI BM \MRN\BF WMBNI NEMIM\NBF\

>7 >< >2 >8

KF DN_ QFIRNCM BM MKINEM BE3

RMJWF\OSNBF\ BM NWNHNBF BMI JFRF\3

UMEN\BF\ BM INU \MUOURMKEONU BM

MUENIM\N \MR\ÎEROI NLNCF (Kf npioen)

In iuz bm nbvmrtmkeon bmstmiinrî y sfknrn in ninrjn bm nbvmrtmkeon,

Ufk oktmrruptfrms fseoinktms bm bfs

 Um usn pnrn enrhn, bmsenrhnr, mspmrn pnin m

Kf usnr mi oktmrruptfr bm lifqumf bm armkf pnrn bmtmkmr mi enjoõk n jmkfs

Um mkemkbmrî in iuz îjlnr mk in pnrtm supmrofr bmi