Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• lokalne bolesti nokta, ili refleksija sistemnih bolesti (obično svi nokti zahvaćeni)
• nokat raste sporo – 6 mj zamjena nokta na ruci (rast 3 mm/mj) 12-18 mj na nozi (1 mm
/mj) – zato nokat može odražavati bolest koja se dogodila nekoliko mjeseci prije
• sporiji rast kod starijih, vaskularnih bolesti, sistemnih bolesti, traume, neki lijekovi
LUNULA - vidljivi
dio matriksa KUTIKULA hiponihiij
ANAMNEZA
vrijeme nastanka?
profesija i hobiji? izloženost kemikalijama, vodi
povijest bolesti: psorijaza, lihen, alopecija, bolesti štitnjače, pluća, srca, IBD, DM
obiteljska anamneza poremećaja noktiju
manikure, pedikure, kozmetika za nokte, trauma, grizenje noktiju, urašteni nokti
PREGLED
BEAUOVE LINIJE
UZDUŽNE LINIJE
PITTING
MUEHRCKOVE LINIJE
LONGITUDINALNA MELANONIHIJA
LONGITUDINALNA ERITRONIHIJA
SPLINTER HEMORAGIJE
ONIHOGRIPOZA
Akutna
• nagli nastanak eritema, edema i bolnosti na proks. i lat. naborima
(ev. vidljiv gnoj) - zbog prekida zaštitne barijere nabora na noktima
najčešće S.aureus
Dg klinička (slikovna i lab samo kod atipičine prezentacije i ev. dublje inf)
dif dg herpetična infekcija (mjehurići i jaka bol), ekcem, psorijaza
Komplikacija - panaricij - žestoki pulzirajući bolovi, jagodica prsta napeta,
topla, jako bolna → C2 kirurg
R.F: trauma (perači posuđa, konobari, spremačice), umjetni nokti, česte
manikure, manipulacija zanokticama, onihofagija, DM, neki lijekovi
(kemotreaputici, retinoidi, EGFR inhibitori - odmah ili nakon nekoliko mj)
VIRUSNE BRADAVICE
HPV infekcija
mogu zahvatiti proksimalni nabor i dovesti do
distrofije nokta i longitudinalnih nabora
subungalne - rezistentne na tretman
HERPETIČNE INFEKCIJE
KOILONIHIJA
YELLOW NAIL SY
PARAKERATOSIS PUSTULOZA
ALOPECIA AREATA
DARIEROVA BOLEST
DERMATIOMIOZITIS, SLE
EKCEM (DERMATITIS)
Blagi/umjereni Umjereni/teški
• blagi eritem, bez gnoja, minimalna bol, na pitisak • jaka bol, gnoj, eritem, hipertrofija tkiva
tapeing
nepravilno pravilno
+ EDUKACIJA PACIJENTA
• pravilno rezanje noktiju
• pravilan izbor obuće
TRAUMA
SUBUNGALNI HEMATOM
bolno, tamno crvene do crne diskoloracije – krvarenje ležišta nokta kao rezultat traume
OBAVEZNO: neurovaskularni pregled
procjena ekstenzorne tetive (Mallet finger)
RTG kod hematoma koji zahvaća >50% nokta ili sumnje na frakturu
• KIRURGU: oštećenje nokatnih nabora (za avulziju), inficirane rane, fraktura,
neurovaskularno kompromitiran prst
Ako nema sumnje na laceraciju ležišta nokta u slučaju jake boli ako je prošlo <48h i nema
spontane drenaže izbušiti rupu za oslobođenje pritiska (igla ili elektokauter), izbjegavati
lunulu (matriks) → premazati jodom, brzo okretanje igle, ne treba anestetik jer ploča ne
boli samo paziti da se ne dođe do ležišta; kod veće igle dovoljna 1 rupica kod manje više
→ drenaža hematoma, smanjenje boli → 2d suhi prevoj, ne močiti, ne treba antb,
ev.antb mast, kontrola
KOMPLIKACIJE: oniholiza, deformitet ili gubitak nokta, infekcija; diskoloracija može trajati
tjednima
TUMORI
• perinugalni fibrokeratom – mali, obično nakon traume, s keratotičnim vrhom
• dermatofibrom: boje mesa, oblika zrna graška
• piogeni granulom - naglo nastaje, vaskularni tumor, granulacijsko tkivo koje
lako krvari – povezani s traumom i nekim lijekovima
• glomus tumor - svijetlocrveni do lividni mekani čvor – bolan na pritisak
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0215/p303.html
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0701/p44.html
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2004/0315/p1417.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3038811/
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https://www.uptodate.com/contents/paronychia
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-nail-
disorders?search=nail%20changes&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default
&display_rank=1
https://www.ebm-guidelines.com/dtk/ebmg/home
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https://dermnetnz.org/topics/twenty-nail-dystrophy/
https://dermnetnz.org/topics/onychogryphosis/
https://www.ebm-guidelines.com/dtk/ebmg/home
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-ingrown-
toenails?search=ingrown%20nail&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~21&usage_type=default&d
isplay_rank=1
https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/350
Fotografije
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https://fpnotebook.com/derm/Nails/MsLn.htm
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https://www.jpeds.com/article/S0022-3476(16)30017-8/pdf
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https://www.healthline.com/health/onychogryphosis
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-nail-
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http://www.trantspharmacy.ie/news_pharmacy_view.php?news_id=631
http://medical-
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http://pocayo.com/Tutorial/topic-49/The-Nail-in-Differential-Diagnosis-104.html
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/darier-
disease?search=retronychia&topicRef=13682&source=see_link
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-nail-
disorders?search=retronychia§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H63067307&source=m
achineLearning&selectedTitle=1~2&display_rank=1#H63067307
https://dermnetnz.org/topics/lichen-planus-nail-images/
http://www.healthcare-online.org/Beau%27s-Lines.html
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-nail-
disorders?search=NAIL&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_ra
nk=1#H565532
https://apamedcentral.org/search.php?where=aview&id=10.0000/bimj.2011.7.6.353&code=0033BI
MJ&vmode=FULL
https://ratedmedicine.wordpress.com/half-and-half-nails/
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/longitudinal-
melanonychia?search=NAIL&topicRef=13682&source=see_link
http://www.medicalzone.net/differential-diagnosis-of-onycholysis.ht
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/distal-subungual-onychomycosis
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0701/p44.html
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https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Onycholysis-semilunaris-A-is-characterized-by-its-half-moon-
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https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-nz/professional/multimedia/image/v26647232
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https://www.pedicurecompany.com/a-57421779/draad-en-veertjes/nagelbeugel-draad/
https://bpac.org.nz/BPJ/2014/December/ingrown-toenails.aspx
https://ama.com.au/ausmed/dermatologists-concerned-about-melanoma-nail
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/SCC-with-lateral-verrucous-lesion-frequently-misdiagnosed-as-
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