HISTOLOGY

OF
EPITHELIUM

BY : DEPARTEMENT OF HISTOLOGY

0 EPITEL
 Terdiri dari sel-sel
0
Tatingandasatnanusia polihedral yang
teragregasi erat
Human body is composed of 4 basic types of tissue dengan
: zat
Epithelial Tissues

t-pitel-g-OPenbuwhdakhbetinakanjt.epite.IT
1. '
→
ekstraseluler yang
sangat sedikit
Composed of closely aggregated polyhedral cells with very
little extracellular substance.
2. Connective Tissues Tat / Kat / Penyokong / Pehdukvng ① Pembuluhdatah
. → .
→

Characterized by the abundance of extracellular material

Ditandai dengan banyaknya
bahan ekstraseluler yang
produced by its cells. diproduksi oleh sel-selnya
3. Muscle Tissues Otot
• → Getakkontraksi
-7 Relaksasi
-
→ Hantatinpulskeotatt

Composed of elongated cells that have the specialized function

of contraction. Terdiri dari sel-sel memanjang yang memiliki fungsi
khusus kontraksi
4. Nervous Tissues -752kt
.

Composed of cells with elongated processes extending from the

cell body that have the specialized function of receiving,
generating, transmitting nerve impulses. Terdiri dari sel-sel dengan
proses memanjang
EPITEL
memanjang dari badan sel
yang memiliki fungsi
khusus menerima,
menghasilkan,
 0

EPITHELIUM Capili organ

→
epitelpctnvthsn →

Derive from ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm.

melapisi organ
Epithelium : riepitel petnukaan →

• /Covers and lines body surfaces (except articular cartilage,

enamel of the tooth, anterior surface of iris)
• .Forms the functional units of secretory glands ) salivary
glands, liver
↳ epitel Helen521

EPITEL
 0

Basic function :
1. Protection (skin)
2.
: Absorption (small and large intestine)
3. Transport of material (by cilia)
-

4. -
Secretion (gland)
5. Excretion (tubulus of the kidney)
6.
: Gas exchange (lung alveolus)
7. Gliding between surface (mesothelium)
I

Epithelia anchored to a basal lamina. relent Pd basal lamina→

Basal lamina + connective tissue component → basement

↳
Taringa ikat
membrant
Basal lamina → iremisabttayepitel dengau Jatiya> inst

EPITEL
 Classified into 3 major categories : 0
1. 1. Simple epithelia : 1 layer of cells
a. simple squamous epithelium
4 ↳pisan dividing
b. Simple cuboidal epithelium
A penbvwbdatah
c. ↳
Simple columnar epithelium
Endothelium : simple epithelium lining the blood and lympatic vessel.J
Mesothelium : simple epithelium lining all body cavities. → Lapis as tohggatubvb
2. 2. Stratified epithelia : 2 or more cell layers
a. ↳ Stratified squamous epithelium :
1.
2.
k Non keratinized
Keratininized : (nuclei absent in the outer layer)
b. ↳ Stratified cuboidal epithelium
c. ↳ Sratified columnar epithelium
3. 3. Pseudostratified epithelium : basal and columnar cells
a. 4 Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium → trachea
b. ↳ Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia → epididymis
c. ↳ Transitional epithelium → urinary passage (urothelium)

EPITEL
 0

→ Paling Huat

↳ di Anus , nowt Kulit

,

→ Paling Renton
↳ set
any PernaFason .
Pendency2ham

EPITEL
 0

> selapis
r

SIMPLE EPITHELIUM cuboidal Ckubvs)

squamous
cgepeng)

columnar Csilindris)

EPITEL
 "
☐ lntiselmfatetlihat: gepeng
"

Simple squamous epithelium → Ada di Kapsul bowmanyg

inseam
-

→ "• " Penn" " " ran """" """ trdptdi Gini"
Pewatnaan HE
.

EPITEL
?⃝
0

debts
p dividing
Penbulul
Figure 4—13.
Section of a vein
containing red
blood cells. All
blood vessels are
lined with a
simple
squamous
epithelium
called
endothelium
(arrowheads).
Pararosaniline–
toluidine blue
(PT) stain.
Medium
magnification.

EPITEL
 g Inti set bulat

µµ, p
0

Simple cuboidal epithelium → di tubules ginoal

↳ Patti Pewztnaan HE Hematottsin war nai hunters

1-Eosin
:

Figure 4—15. Simple cuboidal epithelium from kidney wdrnzi sit◦Plasma

,
collecting tubules. Cells of these tubules are responsive
to the antidiuretic hormone and control the resorption
of water from the glomerular filtrate, thus affecting
urine density and helping retain the water content of the
EPITEL
body. PT stain. Low magnification.
?⃝
 0

Simple columnar epithelium → Pada Pencetnaan das

Silindtit ①sit "
Sela pit
1-① Sitio Petnafzszn
remains Healy,
/ ntiseltegzrkht
,

Figure 4—16. Simple columnar epithelium formed by long cells with elliptical nuclei. The
epithelium rests on the loose connective tissue of the lamina propria. A basal lamina (not
visible) is interposed between the epithelial cells and the connective tissue. The round nuclei
within the epithelial layer belong to lymphocytes that are migrating through the epithelium
(arrows). H&E stain. Medium magnification. (Courtesy of PA Abrahamsohn.) EPITEL
 0

r
> betlapis

STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM A Permutes

→ Pet nuked spit Kubat / paying
gepeyg

→ se Petti betlapis lapis

→
epitel Keksjzt rnultiselulet → betii Mottos

EPITEL
 0

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

pipits berlapis tetketatinasi → Kul it

keratin → Pads thiit

→ ⊖ intisel

EPITEL
↳ set 4g den at Permukaan , Sanya nehilangan inti set .
 0

Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium

pipihbeslapis-tdktetkeratina.si → Pd Vagina
→ Pd esofagus

↳ Denton epitcldipetmukaannyspipihtpdidzlamnyakub.us .

EPITEL
↳ klw Non keratinized → Set yg ad di petmukaan Masi adz intinya
 0

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

↳

kelesjdtketib.2.tl
Kubis betkpis → ☐◦
vagus
↳ Khang , hany, 2 lap ,,

a
Inti berbenton bulat
↳ terditidzti 2 lapis
EPITEL
 0

→ Sal Kemih
/ neutotcliom
.

→ Krs biz betubah

>
daetahygdcnstpetrntkanberbentrksilindt.it
Yg di barn belbentuk Kuboid

Epithelial membranes are classified according to the number of cell layers between the basal lamina and the free surface
and by the morphology of the epithelial cells (Table 5–1). If the membrane is composed of a single layer of cells, it is
called simple epithelium; if it is composed of more than one cell layer, it is called stratified epithelium (Fig. 5–1).
The morphology of the cells may be squamous (flat), cuboidal, or columnar when viewed in sections taken
perpendicular to the basement membrane. Stratified epithelia are classified by the morphology of the cells in their
superficial layer only. In addition to these two major classes of epithelia, which are further identified by cellular
morphology, there are two other distinct types: pseudostratified and transitional.
For more information see the Epithelium section of Chapter 5: Gartner and Hiatt: Color Textbook of Histology, 3rd ed. Philadelphia, W.B. EPITEL
Saunders, 2007.
 0

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

silindtit betkpissenu
↳ Hank Pada column at

> trachea It takes

tonoobn
cilia ≥ Sito plasma

↳ Inti set nip

menanjang neatas

↳ Haniya sebpis-sajaitetapiseobhob.tn berbpisi

EPITEL
 handing kemih 0

Transitional epithelium → bzgian terror arias mengzlzni petuboban

benton Pet Murray spit kebab /done/ paying
.

EPITEL

Taringa , Imt
 EPITHELIAL CELL POLARITY0
Penonjotdh dati SitoPlasma
1. On apical polarity :
a. -
Cilia > trachea
• For protection
•
: Motile cell projection originating from basal bodies
b. - Microvilli → intestine
• For absorption
•
: Finger like projections of the apical epithelial cell surface
c. •
Stereocilia → epididymis
• Long and branching finger like projections of the apical epithelial cell surface

a.
2. :
Basolateral domain :
Cell adhesion molecules
b. I

Junctional complexes

EPITEL
 0
cilia

villi
villi

EPITEL
0

stereosilia

EPITEL
 0

• ⑨ Cell adhesion molecules :

• /

Ca2+ dependent : chaderin and selectin

• Ca2+ independent : cell adhesion of the imunoglobulin

i
superfamily (CAMs) and integrins

b. Junctional complexes :

EPITEL
 0 Menentukan polaritas
sel epitel dan
1. <
Tight junction (zonula occludens) mencegah difusi bebas
Persimpangan ketat Apekt dam basal
Function : →
lipid dan protein di
antara mereka
• Determine epithelial cell polarity and preventing the free

•
: diffusion of lipids and proteins between them
Mencegah bagian bebas zat
Prevent of free passage of substance across an epithelial
melintasi lapisan selcell
epitel
layer (paracellular pathway barrier) (penghalang jalur paraseluler)
↳ then eegah Subs taxi yy 2h24 Mask / men filter zat
4g narrow /sat Pam

2. -
Anchoring junction below the tight junction
a. Zonula adherens or belt desmosome beti
↳ →
dgn Katan Huat set
sebelahnyz
a beltlike junction associated with actin microfilament
mediated by interaction of cadherin with catenins.

EPITEL
 0
a. ↳ Macula adherens or spot desmosome : a spot like junction
• .

Associated with keratin intermediate filament (tonofilament)

• /
Provide strength and rigidity to an epithelial cell layer
b. ↳ Hemidesmosome asymmetrical structure → Meng ikat He jatihgan ikat

• Link the basal domain of an epithelial cell to the basal lamina

• : Increase the overall stability of epithelial tissues by linking intermediate
filament of cytoskeleton with component of the basal lamina

1.
•
:Gap Junction
Form by integral membrane protein called connexins
• 6 connexin monomer a connexon
• I
End to end ligament of connexons in adjacent cells provides a
direct channel of communication between cytoplasm of two
adjacent cells
↳ 0th kornmikasi set → spttpd Set Tasting

EPITEL
 0

ikat Kut doss set ditebebhnys

Sell set 2 set ]

[

↳ kornnillssi set

↳ irbt He Tatihgan inst

EPITEL
0

EPITEL
 0
LAMININ, FIBRONECTIN AND THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE
Laminin + Fibronectin :
• Distinct protein of ECM

:
• Associated with collagens, proteoglycans and other protein organize a
basement membrane

Basement membrane consists of 2 components :

1. Basal lamina : result from lamina molecules with type IV collagen, entactin
and proteoglycans
2. -Reticular lamina : formed by collagen fibers

Basal and reticular lamina can be distinguished by electron microscopy

Basement membrane can be recognized by the Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) stain

light microscopy

EPITEL
 0

"ᵗ
Base?"

member

EPITEL
 0

GLANDULAR EPITHELIA
• <
Tissue formed by cells specialized to produce secretion
• '
Molecules → secrete → secretory granules
• I Synthesize, store, secrete : protein (pancreas), lipid (adrenal,
sebaceous gland), carbohydrate + protein (salivary gland)
Secrete all substance : mammary glands

Type of Glandular Epithelia :

• ' Unicelluar glands : consists of isolated glandular cells → goblet cells
• I
Multicellulaar glands : composed of cluster of cells

Glands → covering epithelia → proliferation and invassion → further

differentiation.

EPITEL
 0

Ada 521" lain

iᵗ"
Mel2WiDuKtvs@d4Kek2tmebbiKa.p
i let

EPITEL
0

EPITEL
 0

° """ "

[
C

EPITEL
 0
⊖ Duct
ENDOCRINE →

→ netdii Kapilet

• -
Lack an excretory duct
• i
Their product released into the blood circulation
=) boron sedans → Kent
• Surrounded by fenestrated capillaries
•
: Synthesize and release after stimulation by chemical or
electrical signals
• j Types of endocrine glands :
• The agglomerated cells form anastomosis cords interspersed between

•
: dilated blood capillaries (adrenal gland, parathyroid, anterior lobe of
pituitary)
The cell line a vesicle or follicle filled with noncellular material (thyroid
gland)

EPITEL
 0

EXOCRINE → ④ duet

Connected to the surface of the epithelium by an excretory duct

• A secretory portion :
• Contains the cells responsible for the secretory process
• One cell type (unicellular) goblet cell
• Many cells (multicellular)
• Shape : tubular (large intestine), coiled (sweat glands of the skin),
alveolar (sebaceous gland)
• Classified :
• Simple gland : have only one unbranched duct
•
: Compound gland : have ducts that branch repeatedly
• Excretory duct :
• Transport the secretion to the exterior of the gland

EPITEL
 Endokttih dy Eksokttih
0

LIVER
• One cell type may function both ways : endocrine + exocrine
• Cells that secrete bile into the duct system and also secrete
some of their products into the bloodstream
↳ bisa dati duct dan Kapitan

PANCREAS
• Endocrine secretion : the islet cells secrete insulin and

•
: glucagon into the bloodstream
Exocrine secretion : the acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes
into the intestinal lumen

EPITEL
 0

Types of secretion :
• Mucous glands : glycoprotein + water
• Serous glands : protein + water
• Mixed glands : mucous + serous cells

Mechanism of secretion : Ketingatkulit

• -

Merocrine : the secretory granul leave the cell by exocytosis

with no loss of other cellular material → skin
• IApocrine : the secretory products is discharge together with
parts of the apical cytoplasm → axilla → ketiak
Ketingzt

• Holocrine : the secretory product constitute the entire cell and

✓

its product → sebaceous gland

↳ ttelesjat
Kesingat

EPITEL
0

EPITEL
Epithet Coveting lapisan
§
→

Glandular → Helenjar

pselapis-pbentuhdntinggipbetlapisbet.be
da
7
Covering Epithelia 31h lapisan Simple Pseudostratified Mekka pd
-17 Stratified nembtan basal
'
→ →
, ,

7 Benton → Sqvdnos . Cuboidal , Columnar

↳
pipihlgepeng ↳ lebardn
tinggi Sama
↳ tinggi lebibbesar
↳ lebatlebihbes" dtlebat
↳ lntisd bulat
dt tinggi ↳ inti see memanjangvettika / → Lihat Inti selnya
↳ Inti set horizontal
Dange Peng

Simple Squamous ( pipits Selapis ) → benton inti gepe.mg/tipisdnCumaSebpis.AdPadaKaps4 Bowman

Simple Cuboidal ( Kobus selapisy → benton inti bulat .

Adpdtubulusginjal

Simple Columnar Csilindris Selam;-) → benton inti menacing keatas .

Inti set betads di level Yg Sama :
F :
Absorbs i. pd usos

Stratified Squamous Ketatinized ( pipihbesbpis-terkeratinas.it → Set

tetlcztnya pipih . Bag . tether tidah pump inti → Ad stick tut honogen → keratin .
Pada Kulik

Stratified Squamous Non keratinized ( pipits betlapisitdktcrrietatinasi) → selterluatnys pipits tetapi Masi memilikiintisel .
Pada tidal day Vagina

Stratified Cuboidal ( Kobus berbpis) → Ada 2 lapis .

Inti selnya bust .

Pseudo Stratified Columnar ( silihdhy-betlapis-senuj-ta-mpaksepestiberlapi.si Inti set tidztt Pada level Yang Sama beast . Inti set
memanjang Keatas
.

Ttansisional Cttansisi ) →
pernukaanselnyzbes.at betbentuk Kebab / Pada Utetta
,
paying .
Thyroid Gland
Pointer :
Simple cuboidal ephitelium

Cell junction : Gap junction

Kubis setpit
/
inti ada di
tengah day
beset
 Colon
Pointer : Simple columnar epithelium

btknya Silindtri
Lihatdsntcliti #°
Panjang
Esofagus
Pointer :
Jaringan : Non-Keratinized stratified
squamous ephitelium

basal
→

( n ,, µ,,, µ, g, µ, , , my, ,, , ,µ, , ,,

Thin Skin
Jaringan : Stratified squamous keratinized
epithelium
Proliferasi : Labile tissue
Diferensiasi dari ektoderm
Kulit
Sel Sel dibausb

µ
Kentinny?

Pointer : Stratified squamous keratinized

epithelium

Sel junction : Desmosome ↓

Keratin
ygnenebzl
Bladder / Urothelial
Pointer :
Epitel : Transitional epithelium
Proliferasi : Labile tissue