ENME160-H1

Augmented Engineering Drawing

Orthographic Projection Part 1

Lecture 4 ENME160H1
 The International Organization for Standardization

• As in sports or any other profession,

to become really proficient at
engineering drawing, one must learn
the rules for effective technical
drawing communication
• The ISO standard provides a set of
universal rules to allow
communication across various fields
via technical drawing
• Aspects the standards covers include
– Size of drawing sheets
– Scales
– Lines and linework (Thickness and
dashes etc.)
– Lettering, numbering and symbols
– Dimension lines, Projection Lines
– Sectioning and Hatching

Lecture 4 ENME160H1
 Orthographic Projection

• Basically is a way of representing 3D objects (real world) in 2D (drafting)

while providing the information about it using flat views

• “Ortho” – 90°, “Graphic” – Image, “Projection” = Projected to a plane

• Summarized as a form of parallel projection where all the projection lines

are orthogonal (@90°) to the projection plane

• Usually consists of 3 views (front, side, top view), so that a person looking
at the drawing can see all the important sides.

• Orthographic drawings are useful, specifically when a design has been

developed to a stage whereby it is almost ready to manufacture

Lecture 4 ENME160H1
Lecture 4 ENME160H1
• Three views, in most cases, are used to
completely describe an object in 2 dimensions

Lecture 4 ENME160H1
 Orthographic Projection

• There exists two types of

orthographic projection Symbols
– First Angle (European
Standards)
– Third Angle (US Standards)

Lecture 4 ENME160H1
Lecture 4 ENME160H1
 First Angle Orthographic Projection

The view is projected through the object to plane behind

Lecture 4 ENME160H1
First Angle Orthographic Projection

Top View
Front View

Animation

Lecture 4 ENME160H1
First Angle Orthographic Projection - Format

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 Third Angle Orthographic Projection

The view is projected back onto the plane in front of the object

Lecture 4 ENME160H1
Third Angle Orthographic Projection - Format

Lecture 4 ENME160H1