GMP-5 52 Statistics and society

Chapter 5 — Statistics and society

Are you ready? f Internal

1 g External
h External
Score (x) Tally Frequency (f) 2 a Internal
1 III 3 b External
c External
2 IIII 5 d Internal
3 IIII II 7 3 a Observation
b Questioning
4 IIII 4 c Questioning
5 II 2 d Observation
e Questioning
6 III 3 f Observation
g Questioning
2 a 7 students
h Observation
b 3 + 9 + 7 + 5 + 2 = 26 students 4 a Observation
c Television b Questioning
d Reading is 3, television is 9.
c Questioning
Television is 3 times more popular. d Observation
e Reading and other
5 Check with your teacher.
3 a 6 Check with your teacher.
Type of Amount Angle
meat sold (kg) Fraction size (°) Further development
1 7 Answers will vary, but the major advantage is access to
Lamb 10 40 large amounts of data.
9
8 Answers will vary, but the major disadvantage is that
1 questioning relies on the honesty of the respondents.
Beef 45 180
2 9 a Suzi uses internal data.
b Fiona can access a large amount of data.
1 c Suzi collects data about her home town.
Pork 5 20
18 10 a Bill uses questioning and Shinji uses observation.
b Shinji’s method is accurate and objective.
1
Chicken 15 60 c Bill can access information about the amounts of money
6 spent.
1
Turkey 10 40 Exercise 5B — Organising data
9
1
1
Rabbit 5 20 Make Tally Frequency
18
Total 90 1 360 Holden IIII III 8

b Ford IIII III 8

Nissan II 2
Mazda III 3

Toyota IIII II 7

18 Mitsubishi II 2
4 a × 100 = 3.6%
500 2
4 Mark Tally Frequency
b × 100 = 0.16%
2500
4 II 2
245
c × 100 = 49%
500 5 IIII 4
6
d × 100 = 0.3% 6 IIII I 6
2000
7 IIII IIII 9
Exercise 5A — Collecting data
1 a External 8 IIII 5
b External
c Internal 9 III 3
d External 10 I 1
e Internal
 Statistics and society GMP-5 53
3 8
Score Tally Frequency Class Tally Frequency
66 IIII 4 40–44 III 3

67 II 2 45–49 I 1
50–54 IIII 4
68 I 1
55–59 IIII I 6
69 IIII 5
60–64 IIII 5
70 IIII IIII 10
65–69 III 3
71 IIII II 7 70–74 II 2
75–79 IIII 5
72 IIII II 7
80–84 0
73 IIII 4
85–89 II 2
4 90–94 6
IIII I
Mark Tally Frequency
95–99 III 3
40–49 I 1
9 The smaller class size provides more detailed data,
50–59 II 2 however, the larger class size provides a more compact
summary of the data.
60–69 IIII IIII 9
10 David uses the best method as scanning the data by eye and
counting the scores is prone to easily missing one.
70–79 IIII III 8
Exercise 5C — Displaying data
80–89 III 3 1
90–99 II 2

5
Number of customers Tally Frequency

100–119 III 3

120–139 III 3
2
140–159 IIII I 6

160–179 IIII IIII 10

180–199 IIII 5

200–219 IIII 4
3
Further development
6 a 43 is the lowest score.
b 99 is the highest score.
c As most scores will have a frequency of 1 and there are
at least 50 scores, the table will be very large and not be
any more informative than the list of scores. Grouping
this data in groups of 10 would be more appropriate.
7
Class Tally Frequency 4
40–49 IIII 4
50–59 IIII IIII 10

60–69 IIII III 8

70–79 IIII II 7

80–89 II 2
90–99 IIII IIII 9
GMP-5 54 Statistics and society

5 3 There are 222 light globes.

89 + 65 = 154 burn for more than 1000 hours
154
× 100 = 69.4%
222
69.4% is less than 90%; therefore this batch is
unsatisfactory.
4 There are 122 screws.
58 + 46 = 104 are between 3.9 mm and 4.1 mm diameter
104
× 100 = 85.2%
122
This is less than 95%; therefore this batch is unsatisfactory.
5
Number of toothpicks Number of boxes
6
< 100 4
≥ 100 56

4
× 100 = 6.7%
60
This is more than 4%; therefore this batch is unsatisfactory.
6 Only 4 bottles have less than 590 mL or more than 610 mL
in them.
7 36
Therefore × 100 = 90% of the bottles contain the correct
40
amount. This batch is satisfactory.
7 a 375 mL
b The machine is satisfactory as no bottle is more than
5 mL from the advertised capacity and only 1 bottle out
of 46 is more than 3 mL from capacity.

Further development
8 Monitoring of quality ensures that standards are maintained
and that the customers are less likely to receive faulty
goods.
203
9 a Line A: × 100 = 4.83%
Further development 4200
8 a Column 194
b Sector Line B: × 100 = 5.46%
3550
c Line
254
d Column Line C: × 100 = 4.62%
9 5500
Line B is under review.
b Total cars produced = 4200 + 3550 + 5500
= 13 250
Total cars with warranty required
203 + 194 + 254 = 651
651
Percentage of warranty actions = × 100
13 250
= 4.91%
110
10 a Line A: × 100 = 4.78%
2300
10 A line graph is best used when the quantity is changing
over time. 165
Line B: × 100 = 4.85%
11 Sector graphs are difficult to draw accurately by hand as the 3400
angles may need to be very precise. 322
12 Categorical data has been measured. There is no fixed order Line C: × 100 = 4.38%
7350
(time period) on the horizontal axis and midpoints have no All lines are less than 5%.
meaning. b Increase in production of 10% for
Exercise 5D — Quality control Line A = 1.1 × 2300 = 2530
Line B = 1.1 × 3400 = 3740
17
1 × 100 = 4.25% Line C = 1.1 × 7350 = 8085
400 x
This is less than 5%; therefore the batch is accepted. Line A: × 100 = 4
2530
2 250 − 246 = 4 have a mass less than 1 kg
4 4 × 2530
× 100 = 1.6% x=
250 100
This is less than 2%; therefore the batch is accepted. x = 101
 Statistics and society GMP-5 55
x 6
Line B: × 100 = 4
3730
4 × 3730
x=
100
x = 149
x
Line C: × 100 = 4
8085
4 × 8085
x=
100
x = 323

Line Cars produced Warranty action target

A 2530 101
B 3730 149
C 8085 323

Chapter review 7
1 a External
b Internal
c External
d Internal
2 a Observation
b Questioning
c Observation
d Questioning
3 a–d Check with your teacher.
An example could be:
From the following list, tick the one that gives the
best approximate distance from your home to school.

< l km 1–2 2–3 3–4 > 4 km

4
Score Tally Frequency
1 III 3

2 IIII I 6

3 IIII I 6

4 IIII I 6

5 III 3
6 III 3

5
Number Number of
of CDs Tally students
0–4 III 3

5–9 IIII IIII 9

10–14 IIII IIII 9

15–19 III 3
20–24 IIII 4
25–29 I 1
30–34 0
35–39 I 1