Electrostatics Solution

INDEX

Page No.

1. JEE main (AIEEE) 01 – 06

2. JEE main (Online) 06 – 18

3. NEET (AIPMT) 18– 26

4. Other Medical 26 – 43

5. NCERT 43 – 50

6. NEET - 2021–2022 50 – 50

7. NEET-2022 (Re-Ex.) NEET-2023 50 – 51

 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

SOLUTION Electrostatics

JEE main (AIEEE) 8 F 8 F 8 F 8 F

KQ
1. Potential outside the shell, Voutside  where r is distance of 1000 V
r
point from the centre of shell 1 1 1 1 1
     Ceq  2 F
KQ C eq 8 8 8 8
Potential inside the shell, Vinside  where ‘R” is radius of
R
the shell 5. Applying Gauss’s law
   Q
 C
 B
 s E.ds  0
a A Q  4ar 2  4Aa 2
 E  4r 2 
b c 0
dr r dr
Kq A Kq B Kq C 
VB    dv Gaussiam
rb rb rc Q a
Q   4 r 2 surface
1  4a 2 4b 2 4c 2  b
VB    A
40  b b c 
 Q   4r 2dr  4A  r 2  a 2 
r
a
  a 2  b2 
VB   c 1  Q  4Aa 2 
0  b  E   4A 
40  r 2

2. Charge on Capacitor, Q1  CV
For E to be independent of ‘r’
After inserting dielectric of dielectric constant = K
Q  2 Aa 2  0
Qf   kC  V
Induced charges on dielectric Q
 A
Qind  Qf  Qi  KCV  CV 2a 2
3F C1 = 4F 12F = CP
5  4F
  K  1 CV    1  90pF  2V  1.2nc
3  9F
3. T = PE sin  Torque experienced by the dipole in an electric 
   6. 2F
field, T  P  E
 8v 8v
p  pcos  ˆi  psin  ˆj
      12  
Charge on C1 is q1     8  4  24c
E1  Ei , T1  p  E1   pcos  ˆi  psin  ˆj  E  ˆi   4  12  
4
kˆ  pE sin    kˆ  ...(i) The voltage across CP is VP   8  2v
4  12

E 2  3E1ˆj  Voltage across 9F is also 2V

T2  (pcos  ˆi  psin  ˆj)  3E1ˆj  Charge on 9F capacitor = 9 × 2 = 18C
 Total charge on 4F and 9F = 42c
kˆ  3pE1 cos kˆ ...(ii)
6
From eqns. (i) and (ii) KQ 9 42  10
 E  9  10   420Nc1
pEsin   3pE cos  , tan   3 ,    60 r2 30  30
7. Field lines originate perpendicular from positive charge and
4. To get a capacitance of 2 F arrangement of capacitors of terminate perpendicular at negative charge. Further this system
capacitance 1 F as shown in figure 8 capacitors of 1 F in can be treated as an electric dipole.
parallel with four such branches in series i.e., 32 such capacitors
are required. 8. We know, V0  Kq  V surface
R
1 1 1 1 Kq
2 2 2 2 Now,Vi   3R 2  r 2   For r  R 
3 3 3 3 2R 3
B B B B 3
At the centre of sphare r = 0. Here V  V0
1000 V 2

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Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

5 Eq Kq So, F  y
Now,   3R 2  r 2 
4 R 2R 3 C1 C2
R 3 Kq Kq 1 Kq Kq + – – +
R2  ,  ,  14.
2 4 R R3 4 R R 4 120 V 200 V
R 4  4R For potential to be made zero, after connection
Also, R1 = 0 and R2 < (R4 – R3)
120C1  200C 2  C  
q
Q 1 1 F  v
Q
 3C1  5C2
C .r
9. Q 2 2 F
15. The electric field inside a uniformly charged sphere is 3 
0
The electric potential inside a uniformly charged sphere
2 2  C3  R 2  r2 
From figure, Q 2  Q  Q , Q  E  
2 1 3  C3 3  2 
6 0  R 
2  3CE  2CE
 Q2     Potential difference between centre and surface
3 C3 C3
Therefore graph d correctly dipicts. R 2 R 2 qR 2
Charge  3  2  , U 
6 0 6 0 6 0

1
16. Ein  r , Eout 
r2
17. Electric field
d
E  2ar ...(i)
C dr
1µF 3µF By Gauss’s theorem
10. Electric field in presence of dielectric between the two plates of 1 q
a parallel plate capacitor is given by, E ...(ii)
4 0 r 2

K From (i) and (ii), q  80ar 3
K0
Then, charge density  dq  240ar 2dr
  K0E
dq
 2.2  8.85  1012  3  104  6  107 C / m 2 Charge density,    6  0 a
4r 2dr
11. Potential difference between any two points in an electric field is 18. At any instant
given by, T cos   mg ...(i)
 
dV  E.dx T sin   Fe ...(ii)
VA 2 sin  Fe
2   Fe  mg tan 
 dV   30x dx 
cos  mg
VO 0
kq 2 x
VA  VO   10x 3 0  80J / C  mg tan   q 2  x 2 tan  , sin  
2

x2 2l
L L For small ,sin   tan   q2  x3
12. O
A dx B
Tcos l 
Electric potential is given by, l
 T
 q  dx Tsin
1  L  Fe
2L 2L
kdq q x
V  x

40 x

4 0L
ln  2 
L L
13.  Fnet  2Fcos  mg
y
2kq  
q dq dx
y  q  x2
Fnet  2 , dt dt
F F
  
2
y2  a 2 y  a2
2 dq
x  dt  const.
q q
a a
2kq   y
q
2  q  x 2 .v  x 3/ 2x 2 .v  q 2  x 3 
Fnet   2   kq y
 y2  a 2 
3/ 2
a3  v  x 1/ 2

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 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
2kq 2kq q q q
19. Potential at point A, VA      cos 0   1  1 
a a 5 4 2 r 2 0 42 r 2 0 2 2 r 2 0
kq
 (potential due to each q  a and potential due to each The direction of E is towards negative y-axis.
kq  q
q   E ˆj
) 2 2
a 5 2 r 0
2a R
q q
A

2a 22. r dr
B

-q -q Let us consider a spherical shell of thickness dx and radius x. The

Potential at point. B, VB  0 volume of this sphereical shell  4r 2dr.
(  Point B is equidistant from all the four charges) The charge enclosed within shell
 Using work energy theorem, Qr
 WAB electric  Q  VA  VB    4r 2dr 
R 4
The charge enclosed in a sphere of radius r1 is
2kqQ  1   1  2Qq  1 
 1   1 r1 r
a  
5  4  0 a  5  4Q 3 4Q  r 4  1 Q
r14

R4
 r dr  R 4  4  
R4
20. Let us consider a spherical shell of radius x and thickness dx. 0 0

Charge on this shell  The electric field at point p inside the sphere at a distance r1
from the centre of the sphere is
dq  .4x 2dx  0    .4x 2dx
5 x
4 R  Q 4
r
 Total charge in the spherical region from centre to r (r < R) is 1  R 4 1  1 Q 2
E  r1
r 4 0 r12 4 0 R 4
q   dq  40     x 2dx
5 x
4 R 23. Statement 1 is true.
0
Statement 2 is true and is the correct explanation of (1)
dx 24. Let F be the force between Q and Q. The force between q and Q
x should be attractive for net force on Q to be zero. Let F’ be the
force between Q and q. For equilibrium
Q q
2F'  F
 3 4
 40  5 . r  1 . r   0r 3   
5 r
4 3 R 4  3 R Qq Q2 
R=2F'
2k 2
 k 2 F'
  2 
1 q
 Electric field at r, E  .
4 0 r 2 Q
q Q
  2 2 F'
1 0r 3  5 r  0 r  5 r  q
 .       F
4 0 r 2  3 R  4 0  3 R 
WPQ
21. Let us consider a differential element dl. charge on this element. 25.   VQ  VP 
q
q  q WPQ  q  VQ  VP    100  1.6  1019   4  10 
dq    dl   rd  dl  rd  
 r  r
 2.24  1016 J
q
   d 26. The electric field inside a thin spherical shell of radius R has

charge Q spread uniformly over its surface is zero.
Electric field at O due to dq is Q ++ + +
+
R
+

1 dq 1 q
+

dE  .  d
+ + +

.
+++

4 0 r 2 40 r 2
Q
The component dE cos  will be counter balanced by another Ek
++

+ +

element on left portion. Hence resultant field at O is the resultant r2

E=0
+

+ + +
of the component dE sin  only.. ++


Q
q Outside the shell the electric field is E  k 2 . These
 E   dE sin    2 2
sin d r
0 4 r 0 characteristics are represented by graph (a).

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Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

d/3 2d/3 Y

A  2, 2 
27. K1 K2 C1 C2 r1

32.
O X
(0,0) B(2,0)
r2
The given capacitance is equal to two capacitances connected in
series where The distance of point A  2, 2  from the origin,
k  A 3k  A 3  3 0 A 9 0 A
C1  1 0  1 0   and 
d/3 d d d OA  r1   2 2
2    2   4  2 units.
k 2 0 A 3k 2 0 A 3  6 0 A 9 0 A The distance of point B(2,0) from the origin,
C2    
2d / 3 2d 2d d 
OB  r2   2    0 2  2 units.
2
The equivalent capacitance Ceq is
1 1 1 d d 2d 1 Q
     Now, potential at A, VA  .
Ceq C1 C2 9 0 A 9 0 A 9 0 A 4 0  OA 
1 Q
9 0 A 9 Potential at B, VB  .
40  OB 
 C eq  2 d  2  9pF  40.5pF
 Potential difference between the points A and B is zero.
28. Electronic charge does not depend on acceleration due to gravity 33. After connection, V 1 = V2
as it is a universal constant. Q1 Q +Q 1 +Q2
K K 2
So, electronic charge on earth = electronic charge on moon r1 r2
 Required ratio = 1. Q1 Q 2 r1 r2
 
29. The potential energy of a charged capacitor before removing the r1 r2 A B
Q2 The ratio of electric fields
dielectric slat is U  . Q
2C K 21
The potential energy of the capacitor when the dielectric slat is E1 r1 Q r2
first removed and the reinserted in the gap between the plates is   21  2
E 2 K Q 2 r1 Q 2
Q2 r22
U
2C E1 r1  r22 E r 2
There is no change in potential energy, therefore work done is   2  1  2
E 2 r1  r2 E 2 r1 1
zero.
Since the distance between the spheres is large as compared to
30. Here, V  x   20 volt their diameters, the induced effects may be ignored.
x2  4
1
dV d  20  34. eV  mv 2
We know that E     2  2
dx dx  x  4 
2eV 2  1.6  1019  20
40x  v 
or, E   , At x = 4 m, m 9.1  1031
 x 2  4 2
 2.65  106 m / s
40  4 160 10
E 2
   volt / m.
 42  4  144 9
 +q
Positive sign indicates that E is in +ve x-direction. F1
E1
31. As shown in the figure, the resultant electric fields before and
after interchanging the charges will have the same magnitude, but 35. F2
opposite directions. E2
-q
Also, the potential will be same in both cases as it is a scalar
quantity.
The electric field will be different at the location of the two
q q –q –q charges. Therefore the two forces will be unequal. This will result
A B A E B
in a force as well as torque.
36. Applying conservation of energy,
×
1 2m.s.T
D E C D C CV 2  m.sT; V 
–q –q q q 2 C

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 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
E3 –Q –Q B
P
T cos  E1 A
 T
 E2
F  Eq  q
 0K 2E1
T sin  E A –Q –Q
37.
Q 2 Q Q
   2q  q   2 2  1
1 2 4
mg
1 kQq 1 kqQ r
43. mv 2   m  2v  2   r' 
 2 r 2 r' 4
T sin   .q ...(i) Q Q
0K 44. F  A2 C
T cos   mg ...(ii) x
Dividing (i) by (ii), x is distance between the spheres. After first operation charge on
q Q Q
tan     tan  B is halved i.e. and charge on third sphere becomes . Now
0K.mg 2 2
it is touched to C, charge then equally distributes them selves to
38. As n plates are joined, it means (n–1) capacitor joined in parallel. make potential same, hence charge on C becomes
 resultant capacitance   n  1 C Q  1 3Q

Q    .
+q -q  2 2 4

 3Q  Q 
Q'C Q'B    3 Q2 3
A B  Fnew    4  2 or Fnew  F
8
39. x2 x 2 8x 2
R R
1 2
d
45. R f  n 2R i
Here n = 2 (length becomes twice)
VA  Vself  Vdue to (2)
 R f  4R i
1 q  q  New reresistance = 400 of Ri
 VA  
4 0  R 2 2  Increase = 300%
R d 
qq
VB  Vself  Vdue to (1) 46. Force on charge q1 due to q2 is F12  k 1 2
b2
q1q3
1  q  q  Force on charge q1 due to q3 is F13  k 2
 VB  
40  R 2 2 a
R d 
The X-component of the force (Fx) on q1 is F12  F13 sin 
V  VA  VB
F12
q1q 2 q1q 2
1 q  q  q q   Fx  k  k 2 sin  F13 sin 
   b2
40  R R 2 2 2 2 a 
R d R d  q
 Fx  k q 2  3 sin  F12
1 q  q  b2 a 2 F 13 cos 
 
20  R 2 2 47. The work done is stored as the potential energy. The potential
R d 
K2q K8q 1 4 energy stored in a capacitor is given by
40.  0 
 x  L 2 x 2  x  L 2 x 2 1 Q 2 1  8  1018 
2
U    32  1032 J
1 2 2 C 2 100  106
or   x  2x  2L or x  2L
xL x 48. Electric potential due to charge Q placed at the centre of the
41. At equilibrium, electric force on drop balances weight of drop. spherical shell at point P is

mg 9.9  1015 10 1 Q 1 2Q

qE  mg  q    3.3  1018 C V1  
40 R / 2 4 0 R
E 3  104
42. Net field at A should be zero
R/2
2E1  E 2  E 3
Q •P
kQ  2 kQ kq R q
 2
 2
 2
a  2a   q  Electric potential due to charge q on the surface of the spherical
 
 2 shell at any point inside the shell is

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Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
1 q v  u  at (along - ve ‘y’)
V2 
4 0 R qE v qEt 0  d 
 The net electric potential at point P is speed v y0  .t 0 , tan   y  , t0  
m v x m.v0  v 0 
1 2Q 1 q
V  V1  V2   qEd
40 R 40 R tan   qEd
m.v 20 , slope  mv 2
49. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor in which a metal 0

plate of thickness t is inserted is given by qEd

Now we have to find eqn of stright line whose slope is mv 2 and
0A  A 0
C . Here t  0  C  0 it pass through point   d,  y0  , Because after x > d
dt d

50. The flux entering an enclosed surface is taken as negative and the No electric field  Fnet  0, v  const.
flux leaving the surface is taken as positive, by convention.  qEd 
m  
mv 02   y   qEd .d  c  c   y  qEd
2
Therefore the net flux leaving the enclosed surface  2  1 y  mx  c, 
, 0 2 0 2
 d,  y  mv 0 mv 0
 the charge enclosed in the surface by Gauss’s law is  0 

q 0   2  1  Put the value

51. For an isolated sphere, the capacitance is given by qEd qEd 2 1 qE  d  1 qEd 2
2

1 y x  y0  2 , y0  .   
 1  1.1 1010 F
2
C  40 r  mv 0 mv 0 2 m  v 0  2 mv 02
9  109
52. For equilibrium of charge Q qEdx 1 qEd 2 qEd 2  qEd 1 qEd 2
y 2
 2
 2 ,
y 2
x
QQ Qq Q mv 0 2 mv 0 mv0 mv 0 2 mv 02
K 2
K 2
0 q
 2x  x 4 qEd  d 
y  x
x x mv 02  2 
1
Q q Q 2. ui   5  10 6  220  2
2
53. Both the charges are identical and placed symmetrically about Final common potential
1 q  220  5  0  2.5 2
ABCD. The flux crossing ABCD due to each charge is 6   v  220 
 0 5  2.5 3
2
1
u f   5  2.5   106  220  
but in opposite directions. Therefore the resultant is zero. 2
54. The equivalent capacitance of n identical capacitors of capacitance 2  3
C is equal to nC. Energy stored in this capacitor u  u f  u i , u  403.33  104
1 1 X
E   nC  V 2  nCV 2   403.33  10 4 
100 X  4.03
,
2 2
WAB or magnitude or value of X is approximate 4
55. We know that  VB  VA
q 3. Let the charges on inner and outer spheres are Q1 and Q2.
2J
 VB  VA   0.1J / C  0.1V R Q2
20C
O Q1
r
JEE main (Online) 

y
v0 Since charge density ‘s’ is same for both spheres, so
t=0 x
Q1 Q Q r2
 2
 22  1  2
4r 4r Q2 R
Q2 r 2
Q1  Q 2  Q   Q2  Q
1. (d, – y0) R2
P  vx
QR 2 r2 QR 2 Qr 2
vnet  Q2  , Q1  2 . 
vy
 r2  R2  R  R 2  r2   R 2  r2 
Let particle have charge q and mass ‘m’ kQ1 kQ 2
Solve for (q, m) mathematically Potential at centre 'O '  
r R
Fx  0, a x  0,(v) x  cons tan t time taken to reach at ‘P’
 Qr 2 QR 2 
d k  
  t 0  let  ....... 1  r R  r  R R  r  
2 2 2 2
v0
1 qE kQ  r  R  1 R  r
 Along  y  , y 0  0  . .t 02 .......(2) , v x  v0   Q
2 m R 2
r 2  40  R 2  r 2 

6
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
u=0 u=0 x KQ1
qE
E
  r2
4. a 4R 3KQ1
Fnet (Constant) V   E dr 
mg y R 4R
Since initial velocity is zero and acceleration of particle will be
1 2qV
constant, so particle will travel on a straight line path. 9. qV  mV 2  v 
5. Initially 2 m
V1 e 4m
10 F
  2
V2 m e
10. Potential of –q is same as initial and final point of the path therefore
potential due to 4q will only change and as potential is decreasing
50 F the energy will decrease
• Charge on capacitor 10 mF
Decrease in potential energy = q  Vi  Vf 
Q = CV = (10 mF) (50V)
Q = 500 mC 4q 2
Decrease in potential energy  q 
k4q k4q 
10 F  
 d / 2 3d / 2  30d
Therefore correct answer is (c).
11. Thin infinite uniformly charged planes produces uniform electric
20V
field therefore option b and option c are obviously wrong.
And as positive charge density is bigger in magnitude so its field
C along Y direction will be bigger than field of negative charge in X
• Final Charge on 10 mF capacitor direction and this is evident in option 1 so it is correct.
Q = CV = (10 mF) (20V) +CV0 –CV0
Q = 200 mC
• From charge conservation, C
12.
Charge on unknown capacitor C/2
C = 500 mC – 200 mC = 300 mC
Q 300 C +CV0 –q –CV0 +q
 Capacitance  C     15 F
V 20 V
C
C/2
q2 +q –q
C2(20 V)
15 F
CV0  q q 2q 3q CV0
q3   , V0  q
C1 C C/2 C C 3
6. 750 F 8 F 2 2
C3 = (20 V)  2CV0   CV0 
1    
2
U i  CV0 , U f   3   3 
+ –
2  
2 2C C
V 2
q 3  20  8  160 C 1 4 2 1 2
 CV02     CV02  
 q 2  750  160  590 C 2 9 9 2 3
1  2  1  1 2
7. Now Heat loss  CV02     CV02   CV0
2  3  2  6
Q1  Q 2  Q '1  Q '2  12 C  3 C  9 C 13. E  E 0 1  ax 2 
x0
KQ'1 KQ'2 W   qEdx  qE 0  1  ax 2  dx
& V1  V2  
2R R 0
 3
3 3  qE 0  x 0  ax 0 
 3 
Q '1  2Q'2  2Q'2  Q '2  9C For KE  0, W = 0
3
Q '2  3C Hence x 0 
a
& Q '1  6 C kQq
14.  mgy
E R
r
Q1
kQq 1 2
8. R
  mv
Ry 2
4R

7
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
 
2kQqy Electric field at centre E B  E
v 2  2gy 
mR  R  y  Let E be electric field produced by each charge at the centre, then
resultant electric field will be
+C– + 2C – 2E
15. V 2V
Q1 = CV Q2 = 2C × 2V = 4CV
2E 72° 72°
CV 2E
+ – 72° 72°
72°
– + 2E 2E
EC = 0, Since equal electric field vectors are acting at equal angle so
4CV
their resultant is equal to zero.
 By conservation of charge
qi  q f 2F x 4F
6 q1 q2 6
Q1  Q 2  q1  q 2 Let potential of
q3 5F
4CV – CV = (C + 2C) VC 18. point O v0 = 0
6 6
3CV 6V O 6V
VC  V
3C Now, using junction analysis
C
We can say, q1  q 2  q3  0
2(x  6)  4  x  6   5(x)  0
2C 36 36  5  180
x q3  
1 11 11 11
   3C   VC2 q3  16.36 C
2
1 3 Q1 A
  3C  V 2  CV 2
2 2
x1
 -x A2
Area = A

16. 19. 90–
d x K A1 E2 O 
Q2
x2 B

Before inserting slab After inserting dielectric slab E1
ENet
 A
Ci  0 Cf  C1  C2 kQ 2 kQ
d E2 = electric field due to Q2  , E1  21
 0 w K0 A1  0 A 2 x 22 x1
Ci  Cf  
d d d E 2 x1 kQ 2 x
From diagram tan    ,  1
K0 wx  0 w    x  kQ
E1 x 2 x 2  1 x 2
Cf   2
d d x12
K 0 wx 0 w    x  2 0w
C f  2Ci    Q 2 x12 x1 Q 2 x 2 Q1 x1
x d d   
, ,
4x    x  2 Q1x 22 x 2 Q1 x1 Q 2 x 2
 A B dU
x
3 20. U  , F    A  6r 7    B  12r 13 
r 6 r12 dr
 kq  K  q  6A 12B 6A 1  2B 
1/ 6
17. Potential of centre = V =    , VC  0  ,   r   
R R r7 r13 12B r 6  A 
+q   2B 1/ 6 
-q A B
-q U r       2B / A  2 2
  A   4B /A
+q 2E
+q A 2 A 2 A 2
2E   
2E

2B 4B 4B
-q -q
2E 2E 21. Inside the shell
+q E=0 Q,R
+q
-q hence F = 0
K  0 Outside the sheell
VC  0
R

8
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
1 Q Q2   Q / 2  Q2 1
2
E Q L    2   CV 2
4 0 r 2 2C  2C 4C 4
 
1 Qq 1
hence F  for r  R   60  1012  4  102  6nJ
4 0 r 2 4
22. Using energy conservation : 
26. E should be constant on the surface and the surface should be
KEi  PEi  KEf  PE f
equipotential.
P  Piˆ P   Piˆ
1 2
K  4q  K  2q  K  2q 
27. Ex  cos30  cos30  cos30
a R2 R2 R2
28. C1  C2  10 .....(i)
2KP 1 1 1
O  3  P  mv 2  2  0 2
C 2 V  4  C1V 2
a 2 2 2
 C2  4C1 .......(ii)
2P2 P 1  C1  2 & C2  8
V 
40a3m a 20am
C1C2
For series combination, Ceq   1.6
23. As K is variable we take a plate element of Area A C1  C2
and thickness dx at distance x
29. v2  u 2  2as
 qE 
 A  K 1  x  0 v2  0  2  x v
Capacitance of element dC  m
dx
2qE
v2  x
m x
30. Assume small element dx at a distance x from left end
V1
x


d d
x dx
Now all such elements are is series so equivalent capacitance
d x
1 1 dx 1 1  1  d  dx
C  dC 0 AK 0 1  x  , C AK 0  1 
   ln   V2
Capacitance for small element dx is
a
1 1   d 2   d 3  ....  0a dx  0a dx
   d  dC  , C   d  x
C AK 0  2 3  d  x
  0
a
 0a  1   a   x2 
1  d  d   d 
2   ln    ln 1  x   x  
 1    ......    d 0  2 
 C AK 0  2 3 
   0 a 2  a 
 1  
1 d  d  AK0  d  d  2d 
 1   C 1  
C AK 0  2 , d  2  KQ1 KQ 2
31. E1  E2 
 R12 R 22
24. Electric field due to each sheet is uniform and equal to E  KQ1
2 0
E1 R1 R12 R Q1 R13
E Given, E  R ,  1  
2 2
KQ2 R 2 Q2 R 32
R 22
60°
V1 KQ1 / R1 R 12
E 30°  
V2 KQ 2 / R 2 R 22
Now net electric field between plates 32. Fill the empty space with + and – charge density.

E net  E cos60   xˆ    E  E sin 60  yˆ  4 R
3
k.   
3 2 4 R
  x̂  3  EA  0   k   
    1   yˆ  R
2
3 2
20  2  2    
2
3
4 4 R
+Q Q/2 Q/2 k. R 3 k.   
C C C Q = CV 3 3 2
25. EB  
 R 2  3R 
2

 
 2 
9
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

4 4 R 4  17R  E A 9 18  kQ 4kQ   kQ 4kQ 

 k R  k   k.     Vin  Vout      
,
3 3 18 3  18  E B 17 34  r1 r2   r2 r2 

33. Since r and p are perpendicular to each other therefore point 
kQ kQ

1 1
 kQ     V
lies on the equitorial plane. Therefore electric field at the point r1 r2  r1 r2 
will be antiparallel to the dipole moment. Hence, we also obtain that potential difference does not depend
   on charge of outer sphere.
 
i.e. E||  p , E|| ˆi  3jˆ  2kˆ  P.d. remains same
34. The flux passes through ABCD (x – y) plane is zero, because E +q
F = qE
electric field parallel to surface. Flux of the electric field through d/2 m
surface BCGF (y – z) 

At BCGF (electric field)  E  12iˆ  (y 2  1)ˆj , (x = 3m) 38. d/2
Flux 11  12  4  48 Nm 2 / C
F = qE –q.m
So 1  11  0  48  48 Nm 2 / C 2 2
 Correct answer –48 d md
moment of inertia (I)  m    2 
2 2

 md 2  2qE 
E Now by   I ,  qE  dsin    . ,     sin  for
2  md 
small 
35. qE
 2qE  2qE
      Angular frequency   md
mg  md 
qE 5  10 6  2000 1    r0 
, V  2  n  r 
1 mV 2  q  Vf  Vi  , E 
, tan      tan  0.5 
1
tan    39. 2  r
mg 2  103  10 2 2 0 0  
C 1 q r  r
mv 2  n 0  , v  n 
2 2 0  r   r0 

A  1
40. E   20x  10  ˆj , V1  V2    20x  10 dx
36. 5

 
1
V1  V2   10x 2  10x , V1  V2  10  25  5  1  1
5

V V1  V2  180 V
6
A  104 m2 , E max  10 V / m , C  15 F 2C 4C
k A Cd  k 15  1012  500  106
C 0 , , k
d  0 A 8.86  1012  104
15  5
  8.465 , k  8.5
8.86 41.
37. As given in the first condition :

3C –1C 1C 3C

Solid
Hollow Charges at inner plates are 1 C and –1 C
r1 Q (uncharged)  Potential difference across capacitor
r2 q 1C 1 106 C
–Q     1V
+Q c 1F 1 106 Farad
D
Both conducting spheres are shown. 42. D >> d
+q d –q Q
 kQ   kQ  1 1
Vin  Vout      kQ     V U total  U self of dipole  Uint eraction
 r1   r2   r1 r2 
In the second condition : kq 2  kQ   q 2 qQd 
   2  qd ,   k   2 
d D  d D 
q2 q2
–4Q 43. Work done  U ,  Uf  Ui ,  
r1 Q 2Cf Ci
r2
 5 10 
2
6
 1 1   15  106
   ,
2  2  10 6
5  106  4
Shell is now given charge –4Q.  3.75  106 J
10
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
-q
d  qE  2

+q 48. g eff  g 2    , T  2  g ,  2
E2 E m eff  qE 
2
d 2 p 1 1 g2   
x m
d 2 1
44. E2 E1
+q 1 kq q
d 49. WE    U   U i  U F  mv 2 , U  1 2
2 r
-q
D
 9 10  109 12
 9 10  10
9 12
Electric field at p  2E1 cos 1  2E1 cos 2
103

9  103

1
2
 
 4  106 v 2
2Kq D 2Kq D
 2   

d D 2 2
 
d D 2 1/ 2
 

2 
 2d   D   2d   D2 
2


2

1/ 2 v2  4 106 , v  2 103 m / s
Q +++ ++
+
+

 2KqD  d 2  D2   
3/ 2 3 / 2 

++ + +++
 4d 2  D2 – – ––

++++++
  –
–p –
3 / 2 3 / 2 
–
2KqD 

++
d2   4d 2 

+
     50.
 1   1 

+
D3  D 2   D 2  + +
+
 

+
 

+
+ +
+ ++
++
Applying binomial approximation  d  D
Total charge of dipole = 0, so charge induced on outside surface
2KqD  3 d 2  3  4d 2   2KqD 12 d 2 3 d 2  = 0.
 1    1       
D3  2 D2  2D2   D3  2 D 2 2 D 2  But due to non uniform electric field of dipole, the charge induced
9kqd 2 on inner surface is non zero and non uniform.

D4 So, for any abserver outside the shell, the resultant electric field
is due to Q uniformly distributed on outer surface only and it is
equal to.
C nC
45. V KQ
E
r2
After fully charging, battery is disconnected 3 0 AK1
C1 
K1 d
d/3
3 0 AK 2
C, V nC, V K2 d/3 C2 
51. I. d
K3 d/3 3 0 AK 3
C3 
Total charge of the system = CV + nCV = (n + 1)CV d
After the insertion of dielectric of constant K 1 1 1 1
  
C eq C1 C 2 C3
nC, Vc
KC, Vc 3 0 AK1K 2 K 3
 C eq  ......(1)
d  K1K 2  K 2 K 3  K 3K1 
total charge
New potential (common) VC   0 K 1A
total capacitance C1 

 n  1 CV   n  1 V . 3d
0K 2A
KC  nC Kn K1 K2 K3 C2 
46. As q = CV II. 3d
 0 K 3A
Hence slope of graph will give capacitance. Slope will be more in C3 
3d
parallel combination. Hence capacitance in parallel should be 50F
& in series combination must be 8F. Only in option 40F & Ceq  C1  C 2  C3
10F 0A
40  10   K1  K 2  K 3  .........(2)
Cparallel  40  10  50F , Cseries   8 F 3d
40  10
47. Ui  K i  U f  K f Now,
2 2
kq 1
 mv 2 
kq 1 2 kq 2  1 1  2kq 2
2 2 23a , mv     1
C .V 2
16a  9a 2 a  3 5  15a E1 2 eq 9K1K 2 K 3
 
E 2 1 C' V 2  K1  K 2  K 3  K1K 2  K 2K 3  K 3K1 
4kq 2 eq
v 2
15ma

11
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
E1
52. V0 E

KP
E y=3
1
r3 d
E2

P y=2
 p0 58.
4 0d3
y=3 1 q1 2 q2
a 2 x
53.
 kr 4r
E 4a 2  0
dr
, E
k 4a 4
R 2
, 2Q   kr 4r dr
(0,0)
 
x=1 x=2 x=3 x=4m
0 4  40 0 Let E1 & E 2 are the values of electric field due to q1 & q2
2Q 1 QQ 1 q2
k , QE  4  2 , R  a81/ 4 respectively magnitude of E 2  4 2
R 4 0 2a 0 r
4 F 6 F q1 2.4 F 9  109   25   106
E2  V / m , E  9  103 V / m
 42  32  2
q2
 3
  E 2  9  103  cos 2ˆi  sin 2ˆj  tan  2 
54. 3 F q 3 F 4
 3  4 ˆ 3 ˆ
 E 2  9  10  i  j    72i  54 j  10
ˆ ˆ 2
10 V 10 V 5 5 
So total charge flow  q  5.4 F  10V  54 C
1 10  106
The charge will be distributed in the ratio of capacitance Magnitude of E1  4   9  109   10  107
0 1  3 
2 2
q1 2.4 4
 q  3 5  9 10  102
2 
 9X  54 C  X  6 C  E1  9 10  102  cos 1   ˆi   sin 1ˆj ,  tan 1  3
 charge on 4 mF capacitor will be  4X  4  6 C 10
 24 C 3
d 1
Fa Fb 1
55.  1 3 ˆ
+Q d/2 q d/2 +Q E1  9  10  102   ˆi   j
 10 10 
    kQQ kQq
For equilibrium, Fa  FB  0 , Fa   FB ,  E1  9  10 2  ˆi   3jˆ    9iˆ  27ˆj 10 2
d2  d / 2 2   
Q  E  E1  E 2   63iˆ  27ˆj  102 V / m
 q
4 k1 k2

k1 k2 L/2 C1 C2
d 59.  k3 k4
y k3 k4 L/2
56. C3 C4
x dx C12
d
y d d d 1 y d  y 
 , y  x , dy   dx  ,   Ceq
x a a a dc KE.adx  0adx
C34
 adx L  L 
1

1 y 
  d  y ,
 dc  y 0 k1 0  L k 2 0  L
dc 0 adx  k  dy 2 .  2 
k C1C2 d/2 d/2 k k  L2
C12   C12  1 2 0
a
d
dy  a   2

d C1  C2  L  , k1  k 2 d
 n d  y   1  
1
 k1  k2  0 . 2  L 
d  d  y  1  ,  1  d  
c 0 a.  0
 k  0  
0   1   1  d/2 
k  k 
k 3k 4 0 L2
  in the same way we get, C34 
d  d   1 
1
k 0 a 2 k 0 a 2 2
 1   k 0 a  n k k3  k 4 d
 n  k    n
1  k  d   ,  
 d  1  k  d  k  1  k  d  kk k k   L2
 Ceq  C12  C34   1 2  3 4  0 .....(i)
E
kQh  k1  k 2 k3  k 4  d
57. Electric field on axis of ring
 h 2  R 2 3/ 2 k 0 L2
Now if k eq  k,Ceq  ....(ii)
dE d
for maximum electric field 0 ,
dh on comparing equation (i) to equation (ii), we get
R k1k 2  k 3  k 4   k 3k 4  k1  k 2 
h k eq 
2  k1  k 2  (k 3  k 4 )
12
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
This does not match with any of the options so probably they  
KP
have assumed the wrong combination  At P, F   3
Q , At P1 ,F1   KPO  27F
r  r / 33
L L
k1 0 L L (0,2) Q Q(4, +2)
C13  2 k  2
3 0
d/2 d/2
0 L2  L2
  k1  k 3  , C 24   k 2  k 4  0 65.(24)
d d
(0,–2) Q Q(4, –2)
C13C24  k1  k 3   k 2  k 4  0 L2 k 0 L2
C eq   
C13C24  k1  k 2  k 3  k 4  d d KQ KQ KQ KQ
Potential at origin    
 k  k  2 4 
k  k 2 2 20 20
k 1 3  1 
 k1  k 2  k 3  k 4  (Potential at   0 )  KQ  1  
However this is one of the four options. It must be a “Bonus”  5
 Work required to put a fifth charge Q at origin is equal to
logically but of the given option probably they might go with (4)
dr Q2  1 
1
4 0  
5
r
60.
1 v2
66. Initial energy of capacitor U1 
2 c
R R
A A 1 120  120
Q   dv   r2 e
2r / a
 4r 2dr    r2 e
2r / a
 4r 2dr     600 J
0 0
2 12
Since battery is disconnected so charge remain same.
e 2r / a  R
R
   a  2R / a 1 v2 1 120  120
 4A  e 2r / a dr  4A  2   4A     e  1 Final energy of capacitor U f     92
   2 2 c 2 12  6.5
0  a 0
W  Uf  Ui , W  508 J
a  1 
   q 2 Qq Qq 
Q  2 aA 1  e 2R / a  , R  2 log  1  Q  U  K 
Q
67.  0
 2aA  a a a 2
61. Let dielectric constant of material used be K.
a 2
10 0 A / 3 12 0 A / 3 14 0 A / 3 K 0 A  1  a
     q  Q 1 
d d d d  2 
 K  12 a
q 2 +q +q
Q
2 1
a 6 µF
b
r 30 µF – +
62. P
c – + – +
68. – + 2 µF
10 µF
kQ a kQ b kQ c 4 µF
Potential at point P, V    6F & 4F are in parallel & total charge on this combination is
a b c
30 C
 Qa : Qb : Qc : : a 2 : b 2 : c 2 sin ce  a   b   c 
6
     Charge on 6F capacitor   30  18 C
a2 b2 64
 Qa   Q Qb   Q
2 2 2 , 2 2 2 Since charge is asked on right plate therefore is 18C
a  b  c  a  b  c 
 c2  Q  a  b  c  6
Qc   Q , V 70. Ceq  F
2 2 2 4 0  a 2  b 2  c 2  13
a  b  c 
Therefore three capacitors most be in parallel to get 6 in
4qa 2qa R
63. V  , 2x  R  x , x  1 1 1 1 1 1
 R  x 2  x 2  2 1      C 
3C 6
 F
R Ceq 3C C C C C , eq 13 13

4qa 2qa
R 2R
dist  R 
2 1 2 1

KP 
64. Electric field of equitorial plane of dipole   3
71. U  P.E   PE cos    10 29 103  cos 45
r

13
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

 0.707  1026 J  7  1027 J

79. Initially, potential on C1,V0=60V
q 0  C1V0  1 F   60 V   60 C
1  2 1 CE 2 1 2 3 3
72. Vi  CE 2 , Vf  CE  , E  CE   CE
2
Finally circuit can be modify as shown here.
2 2  4c 2 4 2 4 8 Charge starts flowing from C1 till the potential difference across
y
C1 is equal to potential difference across series combination of
C2 and C3. X
–2q
q1 q2 q2
 C2
P1 P2 C C2C3
73. i.e., 1
C 1 q1
C2  C3 C 3
x C1  1F,C 2  3F,C3  6F
+q +q
P1  q  d  , P2  qd q2 Y
 q1  or q 2  2q1 .....(i)
2
 3 Also, q1  q 2  60 ......(ii)
Resul tan t  2P cos 30 , 2qd    3 qd
 2 
74. At any instant ‘t’ From equations (i) and (ii), q1  20C and q 2  40 C
Total energy of charge distribution is constant 80. Charge density on given solid ball varies as

  0 1   ;0  r  R
2 2 r
1 KQ KQ
i.e. mV 2  0
2 2R 2R 0  R
Electric field outside the ball is given by
1 KQ 2 KQ 2
 mV 2   E
1 q
2 2R 0 2R 4 0 r 2
2 KQ2  1 1 Now, dq  dV    4r 2  dr
 V .  
m 2  R0 R  R
 q   dq   0  1    4r 2  dr
r
KQ2  1 1 1 1  R 
 V .   C  0
m  R0 R  R0 R  3 4 R
 3 3  3
  4  0   r  1  r   4  0  R  R  , q  40  R  ...(ii)
Also the slope of v-s curve will go on decreasing  3 R 4 0  3 4   12 
 Graph is correctly shown by option (1)
0 R 3
A C 2
1 From eqns. (i) and (ii), E 
A C 12 0 r 2
2 2 1
75. 2  4
3
81. Here, A  200 cm 2  2  102 m 2
2 2 B d  1.5cm  1.5  102 m
B
F  25  10 6 N, V = ?
7 7C
 C 3
From equs. 3 1 1 V2 2F
7 F  0 A  2 or Vd
A B C 2 2 d 0A
3
7
 14 C = 7 + 3 C,  C  2  25  106
11 V  1.5 102
8.85  1012  2  102
 Q
E  Q  1 100   8.85  10 12  25
76. 0 A 0 , Q  AE 0 ,  1.5  102  250V
8.85
Q  8.85  10 10 C 82. The net flux linked with closed surfaces S1, S2, S3 & S4 are
77. Charged particle can be considered at the centre of a cube of side
1
a, and given surface represents its one side. For surface S1, 1   2q 
0
Q 1 1
So, flux through each face   For surface S2 , 2   q  q  q  q   2q
6 0 0 0
9FD D 2F E
A 1 1
5F 5F 4F For surface S3 , 3   q  q    2q 
0 0
78. E 1 1
E E 2F For surface S4 , 4  8q  2q  4q    2q 
B 0 0
6F 2F
A D E E 4F B
Hence, 1  2  3  4 i.e. net electric flux is same for all
surfaces.
5F 2F Keep in mind, the electric field due to a charge outside (S 3 and
5F S4), the Gaussian surface contributes zero net flux through the
1 1 1 1 5 12 surface, because as many lines due to that charge enter the surface
     Ceq   2.4 F as leave it.
C eq 6 12 6 12 5
14
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
0 A And 4F (12 & 6F) and 4F in parallel = 4  8F
83. Before introducing a slab capacitance of plates C1 
3 1 8
If a slab of dielectric constant K is introduced between plates 8F in series with 1F   1  F
8 9
K 0 A  A C'1 8 8 32 32
then C  then C'1  0 Now C eq    , C eq of circuit 
d 2.4 9 3 9 9
C1 and C'1 are in series hence, 1 1 9 32
With C  C  C  32  1  C  23
 A  A eq
k 0 . 0 Slab
0A 3 2.4 90. Electric field due to complete disc (R = 2a) at a distance x and on

3  A  A , 3k  2.4k  3 , 0.6k = 3 its axis
k 0  0
3 2.4
30  1  x 
Hence, the dielectric constant of slap is given by, k  5 E1   ,
6 20  R  x2 
2

84. Potential gradient is given by, V  E.d 2a

 1  h  }a
E1   o
0.8  Ed  max  , V  Ed cos   0.8  cos 60  0.4
20  2 2
4a  h 
Hence, maximum potential at a point on the sphere = 589.4 V x
12   h   here x h 
Q2
16  10  1
85. Energy of sphere  , 4.5  20  2a   and, R 2a 
2C 2C
16  1012   h
Similarly, electric field due to disc (R = a), E 2  1  
C  4 0R (capacity of spherical conductor) 20  a 
9
Electric field due to given disc E  E1  E 2
16  10 12 1 1
R    9  109   h    h  h
9 40 4 0 1  1 
20  2a  2 0  a  4 0a
16
 9  109   1012  16mm
9 
Hence, c 
dv dv 4a0 
86. 1 
dr
 10 | z | ,  2 
dr
 10 (constant : E) 91. Change in potential in an electric field is given by, dV  E.dr ,
 
 The source is an infinity large non conducting thick plate of  dV    E.dr
thickness 2 m.  
Here, dr  dxiˆ  dyjˆ , E   25  30ˆj NC1
.A  Z
10Z.10A  0  10e0 for | z | 1m.
0  dV     25iˆ  30ˆj. dxiˆ  dyjˆ 
87. To get effective capacitance of 6 F two capacitors of 4 F each  2 2 
 
V
connected in series and one of 4 F capacitor in parallel with 0 dV     25dx   30dy  , V  0   25 x 02  30  y02
them.  0 0 
4F 4F V    25  2  30  2  V  110V  110J / C
Unit given in the option is incorrect
92. Due to quarter ring electric field intensity is
2k 
4F E sin + ++ – ––
R 2 ++ –
Two capacitances in series +
So, due to each quarter section, ++ F
1 1 1 1 1 1 + ––
      field intensity is + ––
+ –
C C1 C 2 4 4 2 Enet
2k  2k  
I capacitor in parallel E  sin      E
 Ceq  C3  C  4  2  6 F R 4 R  2
dv  2 2k ˆ 2k ˆ  2k  2Q  ˆi  4Q ˆ
88. As we know electric field, E  So E Net  2Eiˆ  i i i
dr R R R 2 4 2  0 R 2
E = constant  dv and dr same Q  103 0C , R  L  20 cm
K
E 2 c
r v0 v0 +V v0 +2V  4  103  0 ˆ 4  103 ˆ
So, E Net  2 i i
   r2 r r 4  0 R 2 4L2
r
 =   4r 2dr    1 4  103 ˆ 4  103
 i i  25  103 NC 1ˆi
0 r 4   0.2 2 4  0.04
89. Capacitors 2F and 2F are parallel, their equivalent = 4F 6
93. For upper and lower links, Ceq  F
6F and 12F are in series, their equivalent = 4F 5
3  Q upper  Qlower  12 C
Now 4F (2 and 2F) and 8F in series  F
8
15
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
.s d 1
2µF 3µF
2µF 3µF 
d 
 s.
d 
 in vacuum 0  1
12 –12 12 –12   d 
a 10 –10 a 15 –15 ln  1   ln  1  
  K0   K 0
d
.C  here, C0  
15 –15 10 –10 s
c
12 –12 12 –12 b  d  0  d 
3µF 2µF ln  1  
3µF
b
2µF
 K0 
99. Let us consider a spherical shell of radius x and thickness dx.
10V 10V Charge on this shell
On closing switch, charge on 2F is 10C and that on 3F is dx
x
dq  .4x dx  0 1   .4x 2dx
15C, At a, qi  12  12  0 , q f  15  10  5 C 2 x O

ll
 R

e
 Charge 5C flows from b to a

Sh
94. Possible combination of capacitors
(i) Three capacitors in series combination  Total charge in the spherical region from centre to  r  R  is
r r
 3 4
q   dq  40   1   x 2dx  40  x  x 
x
3F 3F 3F  R
0  3 4R  0
1 1 1 1 1
     1F  3 4  1 r 
Ceq 3 3 3 C eq  40  r  r   40r 3  
(ii) Three capacitors in parallel combination  3 4R   3 4R 
3F 1 q 1 40 r 3  1 r 
 Electric field at r, E  . 2  . 
4 0 r 4 0 r 2  3 4R 
0  r r 2 
3F  
0  3 4R 
3F 
101. E  E 0ˆi  2E 0ˆj
Ceq  3  3  3  9 F 
Given, E0  100N / c , So E  100iˆ  200jˆ
(iii) Two capacitors in parallel and one is in series Radius of circular surface = 0.02 m
3F
22
Area  r 2   0.02  0.02  1.25  103 ˆim 2 [Loop is parallel
7
3 F to Y-Z plane] Now, Flux     EA cos 
3F
Ceq  2F  100iˆ  200jˆ  .1.25 103 ˆi cos    0
(iv) Two capacitors in series and one is in parallel  12.5  103 Nm 2 / c  0.125 Nm 2 / c
102. We know that, E.dS dS cos 45°
In case of hemisphere, curved  circular
1 Ea 2
Ceq  4.5F Therefore, curved  Er 2 . 
2 2
95. Given, Electric field E = 150 N/C
Total surface charge carried by earth q = ? 103. Force of interaction +q +q
According to Gauss’s law. 1 3p1p 2
F .
q 40 t 4 p1 p2
  EA or, q 0 EA 0 Er 2
0
 8.85  1012  150   6.37  106   680 Kc
2
–q –q
As electric field directed inward hence q  680 Kc r
98. The value of dielectric constant is given as, K  K 0  x
d d d
 1
And, V   Edr , V   K dx    K  x dx
0 0
 0 
0


   d  Tcos 
  ln  K 0  d   ln K 0   ln  1  
   K0  
104. Tsin 
Q q Fe
Now it is given that capacitance of vacuum  C0 . Thus, C  x q
V
.s
  Let surface area of plates = s  mg
v
In equilibrium, Fe  Tsin  , mg  T cos 

16
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

Fe q2 x/2 QR  r 1
tan    also tan   sin   2 2
mg 4 0 x 2  mg  R r 4 0
2 2 111. Capacitance of sphere is given by : C  40 r
x q 2q 
Hence, 2  2
 x3  If, C = 1F then radius of sphere needed:
4 0 x  mg 40 mg
C 1 1012
 q 2 
1/ 3 r   12 or, r  9  109 m
40 4  8.85  10 4  8.85
 x    , Therefore x  1/ 3
 2 0 mg  9  109 m is very large, it is not possible to obtain such a large
105. F  qE  mg  q  6e  6  1.6  1019  sphere. Infact earth has radius 6.4  106 m only and capacitance
of earth is 711F.
mass m m
Density(d)   or r 3  112. The dielectric constant of the gas is 1.01
volume 4 r 3 4
d 113. When charged particle enters perpendicularly in an electric field,
3 3 2
1  QE  x 
it describes a parabolic path y    
Putting the value of d and m   qE  and solving we get 2  m  4 
 g  This is the equation of parabola
r  7.8  107 m
y
106. Electric field intensity at the centre of the disc. E

E
2 0 (given)
Electric field along the axis at any distance x from the centre of P(x,y)
u x
 1  x 
the disc E '   
2 0  x  R2
2
 114. q  1C  1 106 C , r  4cm  4  102 m
From question, x = R (radius of disc)
kq 9  109  106
 1  R    2R  R  4 Potential V    2.25  105 V.
 E'   2 
    E r 4  102
2 0  2
R R  2 0  2R  14
kq
 % reduction in the value of electric field Induced electric field E   2
r
 4  9  109  1 106
 E  E   100 1000   5.625  106 V / m
  14   %  70.7% 16  104
E 14
Q It V I 2
107. Charge (or current) always flows from higher potential to lower 115. As, C       2  106 V / s
V V t C 1 106
potential.
O
Ch arg e
Potential 
Capaci tan ce 
108. Charges reside only on the outer surface of a conductor with Tcos 
cavity.

109. Equivalent capacitance of n 2 number of capacitors each of 116. C Tsin  q
q Fe
capacitance C2 in parallel  n 2C2 x
Equivalent capacitance of n 1 number of capacitors each of
capacitances C1 in series. mg
In equilibrium, Fe  Tsin  , mg  T cos 
Capacitance of each is C1  C1
n1
According to question, total energy stored in both the Fe q2 q2
tan    2  x
mg 4 0 x  mg 40 tan  mg
1C  1
combinations are same i.e.,  1   4V 2   n 2C2  V 2
n
2 1  2 Electric potential at the centre of the line
16C1 kq kq
 C2  V   4 kmg / tan 
n1n 2 x/2 x/2
110. Let q1 and q2 be charge on two spheres of radius ‘r’ and ‘R’
117. The potential of uncharged body is less than that of the charged
respectively
conductor and more than at infinity.
As, q1  q 2  Q and 1  2 [Surface charge density are equal]
118. The work done is moving a charge along an equipotential surface
q1 q2 Qr 2 QR 2 is always zero.
 2
 2 , So, q1  and q 2 
rr 4R R 2  r2 R2  r2 The direction of electric field is perpendicular to the equipotential
1  q1 q 2   1  Qr  QR  surface or lines.
Now, potential, V    4  2 2 
4 0  r R 0 R  r R 2  r2 

17
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

k 0 A k 0 2 2k 0 A 4 k 0 A  
119. C0  , C  
Q1  4R 2
Q2  4  2R  2
d 3d 3d 3 d
4 k 0 A  Q net  Q1  Q 2  20R 2
C 3 d 4
   Q1 1 20
C0 k 0 A 3  ;Q1  R 2 , Q 2  40 R 2
Q2 2 3 3
d
Q1 20R 4 56
1   
NEET (AIPMT) A 3.4R 2 3
Q2 40R 2 56
 2   
 kP E A 3.4  2R  2 6
1. E
r3 q
10.   in  0 for sphere
 P 0
 P
E 1
11. Uinitial  CV 2 a c
4 0 r 3 2

e2 e2 C.C 1
FK a  K loss   v  0 2  CV 2 b
2. , 2  C  C 4
r2 mr 2
v C2
1
a  9  10 9 1.6  1019 2 CV 2 C1
%loss  4  50%
1.6 1010 2  9 1031  1
CV 2
2
12. Charge Q will be distributed over the surface of hollow metal
a  1029  1051  1022 m / s 2
sphere.
KQ KQ (i) For r < R (inside)
3. Vin  Vs  and Vout  r  R 
R r [At a point inside the hollow sphere]
V + Q
+ +
R
r

+
C
+ +
r +
r=R   q en
 A 0 A 0 A By Gauss’s law,  E in .dS    0
4. Ca  0 , C k  , Ck  0
d t d d
dt d  As enclosed charge is = 0
k 2 8
So, Ein  0 the electric field inside the hollow sphere is
8 0 A 8 Ck 8
Ck  , C k  Ca , C  5 always zero.
5 d 5 a (ii) For r > R (outside)
kP cos  9  109  16  109 1 [At a point outside hollow sphere]
5. V 2
 2

r  0.6  2
+
+
+

r
V  200 V +
+ R
6. Potential is constant throughout the volume +
+ +
 Electric field is zero.
  q en
kQ 9  109  3.2  107 By Gauss’s law,  E 0 .dS   qen  Q 
7. E 2
 2
0
r 15 102  E
5 Q 2
E  1.28  10 N / C  E0 4r 
8. C m r C0 0 1
E0  2
30 r
r  5
6 1 E in = 0
 E0  r
o . r  8.85 1012  5 r 2 O r<R R r>R
r=R
 0.44  1010 13. We know that,
R 2R kQ 2 A B
9. F +Q -Q
r 2 r

18
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
If 25% of charges of A transfer to B then i.e., time t  m as ‘q’ is same for electron and proton.
Q 3Q Q 3Q Since, electron has smaller mass so it will take smaller time.
qA  Q   and q B  Q  
4 4 4 4 17. Electrostatic force between the metal plates
qA qB Q2
r Fplate 
kq A q B 2A 0
F1 
r2 For isolated capacitor Q = constant
2 Clearly, F is independent of the distance between plates.
k 
3Q 

 F1   4   9 kQ  9F t=0 a t=1 -a t=2
r2 16 r 2 16 A –1
B
v=0 v = 6 ms v=0
14. Electric field due to line charge (1)
18. C -a
  ˆ t=3
E1  iN / C v = -6 ms
–1
2 0R
Electric field due to line charge (2) vu 60
Acceleration, a   = 6ms–2
 t 1
 ˆ (2) (1) 19. When the capacitor is charged by a battery of potential V, then
E2  iN / C
2 0 R + –
+ – energy stored in the capacitor,
  
E net  E1  E 2 + E1 – 1
+ – Ui  CV 2 ...(i)
2

 ˆ
i
 ˆ
i
+ R E2 – When the battery is removed and another identical uncharged
2 0R 20 R + – capacitor is connected in parallel
+ –
 X C, V/2
 îN / C
 0R
 
[Note : Both E1 and E 2 are in the same direction.]
C, V/2
15. Initial de-Brogile wavelength CV V
h Common potential, V '  
0  CC 2
mV0 ...(i)  Then the energy stored in the capacitor,
2
1 1
Uf   2C     CV 2
V
E0 ...(ii)
2 2 4
– V0  From eqns. (i) and (ii)
F
U
Uf  i
Acceleration of electron 2
eE that means the total electrostatic energy of resulting system will
a 0
m
 F  ma  eE 0  decreases by a factor or 2.
Velocity after time ‘t’ 20. A hydrogen atom consists of an electron and a proton.
 eE   Charge on one hydrogen atom
V   V0  0 t 
 m   q e  q p   e   e  e   e

h h Since a hydrogen atom carry at net charge e ,

So,   mV  
m  V0  0 t 
eE 1  e  2
 Electrostatic force, Fe  ...(i)
 m  40 d 2
h 0 will act between two hydrogen atoms.
 
 eE 0   eE 0 
mV0 1  t  1  t ...(ii) –e –e
 mV0   mV0 
Dividing eqs. (ii) by (i), e + e e + e

0 d
de-Broglie wavelength  
 eE 0 
1  mV t  The gravitational forces between two hydrogen atoms is given as
 0 
Gm h m h
16. As we know, F = qE = ma Fg  ...(ii)
d2
qE 1qE 2 Since, the net force on the system is zero, Fe = Fg
 a , h t
Using, eqns. (i) and (ii), we get
m 2m

t
2hm  e  2 Gm 2h 2 2
  ,  e   0Gmh
qE 40d 2
d2

19
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

 6.67  1011  1.67  1027  /  9  109 

2

e  1037 C T cos  T 
l
2 
21. Work done is given as W  qV kq q Tsin q
25.
In all the four cases the potential difference from A to B is same. x2 x
 In all the four cases the work done is same. mg
22. Here,   30, E  2  10 N C 5 1
From figure, T cos   mg
  4N m,   2cm  0.02m,q  ?
kq 2
T sin  
  pE sin    q  E sin  x2

 4 kq 2
q  From eqns. (i) and (ii), tan  
 E sin  2  105  0.02  1 x 2 mg
2 x
Since  is small,  tan   sin  
4 2l
  2  103 C  2mC
2  103 x kq 2 mg
2 k A 2 k A   2  q2  x3 or q  x 3/ 2
2 k A 2 k A 2l x mg 2lk
23. Here, C1  0 1 ,C 2  0 2 , C3  0 3 ,C 4  0 4
3d 3d 3d d dq 3 dx 3
  x  xv
Given system of C1,C2 ,C3 and C4 can be simplified as dt 2 dt 2
C1 dq 1
Since, = constant  v 
A dt x
C2 C4
B 26. Force of attraction between the plates of the parallel plate air
C3 capacitor is
Q2
1 1 1 F
   2 0 A
CAB C1  C 2  C3 C 4
where Q is the charge on the capacitor, 0 is the permittivity of
k 0 A free space and A is the area of each plate.
Suppose, C AB 
d But Q  CV
1 1 1 0 A
  and C  or  0 A  Cd
  0 A  2 0 A 2 0 A
k   k1  k 2  k 3  k4 d
 d  3 d d
C 2 V 2 CV 2
1 3 1  F 
  2Cd 2d
 
k 2  k1  k 2  k 3  2k 4 27. The electric field E and potential V in a region are related as
2 3 1 
    V ˆ V ˆ V ˆ 
k k1  k 2  k 3 k 4 E   i j k
 x y z 
24. Initially, the energy stored in 2 F capacitor is
Here, V  x, y, z   6xy  y  2yz
1 1
U i  CV 2   2  106  V 2  V 2  106 J   
2 2
 E     6xy  y  2yz  ˆi   6xy  y  2yz  ˆj
Initially, the charge stored in 2 F capacitor is  x y
 
Qi  CV   2  106  V  2V  106 coulomb. When switch S is   6xy  y  2yz  k̂ 
z 
turned to position 2, the charge flows and both the capacitors
share charges till a common potential VC is reached.    6y  ˆi   6x  1  2z  kˆ   2y  kˆ 
total charge 2V  106 V 
VC    volt At point (1, 1, 0), E    6 1  ˆi   6 1  1  2  0   ˆj   2 1  kˆ 
total capacitance  2  8   106 5
Finally, the energy stored in both the capacitors    6iˆ  5jˆ  2kˆ 
2
1 V2 28. According to questions,
 2  8  106    
V
Uf   10 6 J
2 5 5 electric field veries as E = Ar
Here r is the radial distance. r
% loss of energy, U  Ui  U f  100% At r = a, E = Aa q
Ui
Net flux emitted from a spherical ...(i)

 V 2
 V 2   10 6
/ 5  100%  80% q en
V 2  106 surface of radius a is net 
0

20
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

q 34. Let m be mass of each ball

  Aa    4a 2   [Using equation (i)] and q be charge on each ball.
0
 q  40Aa 3 Force of repulsion,
Tcos  
C1 = C 1 q2 y
q' = q F 
40 r 2
C2 F
q In equilibrium Tsin r
29.
disconnected T cos   mg mg (a) ...(i)
T sin   F ...(ii)
q  CV  V  q / C
1 q
Due to dielectric insertion, new capacitance C2 = CK
F 4 0 r 2
Divide (ii) by (i), we get, tan   
q2 mg mg
Initial energy stored in capacitor, U1 
2C From figure (a),
1 q
q2 r / 2 4 0 r 2
Final energy stored in capacitor, U 2   ' ' ...(iii)
2KC y mg
y/2
Change in energy stored, U  U 2  U1 1 q2 r'
40 r '2 (b)
2
q 1  1 2 1  tan  ' 
U    1  CV   1 mg
2C  K  2 K  1 q2
New potential difference between plates r '/ 2 40 r '2
From figure (b)  ...(iv)
q V y/2 mg
V'  
CK K
2r ' r 2 r3 r
31. For the conducting sphere, Divide (iv) by (iii), we get  2 , r'3   r '  3
r r' 2 2
1 Q 35. Potential energy of dipole,
Potential at the centre = Potential on the sphere 
4 0 R
Electric field at the centre = 0 U   pE  cos 2  cos 1 
32. Here, V(x, y, z) = 6x – 8xy – 8y + 6yz Here, 1  0, 2  90
The x, y and z components of electric field are
 U   pE  cos90  cos 0    pE  0  1  pE
V  36. The situation is as shown in the figure.
Ex      6x  8xy  8y  6yz 
x x Q q Q
   6  8y   6  8y A C B
r
V 
Ey      6x  8xy  8y  6yz  Let two equal charges Q each placed at points A and B at a
y y
distance r apart. C is the centre of AB where charge q is placed.
   8x  8  6z   8x  8  6z For equilibrium, net force on charge Q = 0
V  1 QQ 1 Qq
Ez      6x  8xy  8y  6yz   6y 
2
 0
z z 4 0 r 40  r / 2 2

E  E x ˆi  E yˆj  E z kˆ   6  8y  ˆi   8x  8  6z  ˆj  6ykˆ
1 Q2 1 4Qq Q
 or Q  4q or q  
At point (1, 1, 1) 4 0 r 2 40 r 2 4

E   6  8  ˆi   8  8  6  ˆj  6kˆ  2iˆ  10ˆj  6kˆ 37. Torque,   pE sin 
 Potential energy, U   pE cos 
The magnitude of electric field E is
A B
 -Q –q
E  E 2x  E 2y  E z2   2 2  10  2   6 2

 140  2 35 N C 1 a
38. O
Electric force experienced by the charge
D C
F  qE  2C  2 35 N C 1  4 35 N 2Q a 2q
33. In the direction of electric field, electric potential decreases. Let a be the side length of the square ABCD.

 VB  VC  VA  AC  BD  a 2  a 2  a 2

21
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

a 2 a
OA  OB  OC  OD     2L 2   L 2  L 5
2 2
Potential is a scalar quantity. Electric potential at point A due to the given charge configuration
Potential at the centre O due to given charge configuration is is
  Q   q   2q   2Q  1  q q  q   q  
1    VA    
V  a   a   a   a    0 40  PA AS AQ AR 
40         
  2   2   2   2  
1 q q q q 
 Q  q  2q  2Q  0 or Q  q  0 or Q  q 
4 0 L  L  L 2  L 5 
 

1  2q 2q  1 2q  1 
q

40  L  L 5   4 L 1  5 
  0  
a 2a
39. 44. A
a +q

2a
2a
E
Eight identical cubes are required so that the given charge q appears
at the centre of the bigger cube.
B C
Thus, the electric flux passing through the given cube is +q +q
D
1 q  q 2a
  
8  0  8 0
Here, AC = BC = 2a
 A D and E are the midpoints of BC and AC.
40. Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is C  0 ...(i)
d  AE  EC  a and BD  DC  a
Potential difference between the plates is V  Ed ...(ii)
In ADC,  AD 2   AC 2   DC  2
The energy stored in the capacitor is
1 1 A
u  CV 2   0   Ed  2 (Using (i) and (ii))   2a 2   a 2  4a 2  a 2  3a 2
2 2 d 
AD  a 3
1
  0 E 2Ad Similarly, potential at point D due to the given charge
2
configuration is
41. When the given metallic spheres are connected by a conducting
wire, charge will flow till both the spheres acquire a common 1  q q q 
VD   
potential which is given by Common potential, 40  BD DC AD 

q1  q 2 1 102  5  102 q 1 1 1  q  1 

V      2
C1  C2 4 0 R1  4 0R 2 4 0  a a 3a  40a  3 
...(i)

4  102 4  10 2 Potential at point E due to the given charge configuration is

 
40 1 102  3  102  40  4  102 1  q q q 
VE   
 Final charge on the bigger sphere is 40  AE EC BE 
4  102
 4 0  3  102  (Using (i)) q 1 1 1  q  1 
40  4  102   a  a  a 3   4 a  2  3  ...(ii)
4 0   0  
 3  102 C
From the (i) and (ii), it is clear that
42. According to Gauss’s law
Q VD  VE
E  enclosed The work done in taking a charge Q from D to E is
0
If the radius of the Gaussian surface is doubled, the outward W  Q  VE  VD   0  VD  VE 
 
electric flux will remain the same. This is because electric flux 45. E  V
depends only on the charge enclosed by the surface. 
where   ˆi   ˆj   kˆ 
43. A is the midpoint of PS
P Q x y z
 PA  AS  L +q –q
  V ˆ V ˆ V 
 E    ˆi j k
A 2L  x y z 
AR  AQ   SR 2   AS 2

Here, V  4x 2  E  8xiˆ
+q –q
S R The electric field at point (1, 0, 2) is
2L
22
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
 49. Electric field between two parallel plates placed in vacuum is
ˆ m 1
E 1,0,2   8iV
given by
So electric field is along the negative X-axis.

46. According to Coulomb’s law, the force of repulsion between the E
0
two positive ions each of charge q, separated by a distance d is

given by In a medium of dielectric constant K, E ' 
0 K
1  q  q  q2 2 2 For kerosene oil K  1  E '  E
F
4 0 d 2 , F  , q  40Fd
40d 2 50. Electric field inside a charged conductor is always zero.

q  40 Fd 2 ...(i) 51. VA 

40 a

1 qA qB qC
b

c  
4  a 2  b 2  c 2  

40  a

b

c 

Since, q = ne
where, 1  a 2 b 2  c 2  
n = number of electrons missing from each ion VA      
0  a b c 
e = magnitude of charge on electron 

q 4 0 Fd 2 1  a 2  b 2 c 2   a b
 n , n (Using (i)) VB     
e e 0  a b c  c
2
4 0 Fd
 1  a 2 b 2 c 2 
e2 VC     
0  c c c 
48. A series combination of n1 capacitors each of capacitance C1 are
connected to 4V source as shown in the figure. Given c  a  b
n1 If a  a, b  2a and c  3a for example, as c  b  a,

C1 C1 C1 1  a 2 4a 2 c2  1  a 2 4a 2 c 2 
VA      , VB     
0  a 2a c  0  2a 2a c 
4V
1  a 2 4a 2 c 2 
Total capacitance of the series combination of the capacitors is VC     
0  3a 3a c 
1 1 1 1
    ...... upto n terms  n1 or C  C1 ...(i) It can seen by taking out common factors that
Cs C1 C1 C1 1 C1 s
n1
Total energy stored in a series combination of the capacitors is VA  VC  VS i.e., VA  VC  VB
1 1C  52. Three capacitors of capacitance C each are in series.
u s  C,  4V  2   1   4V 2 (Using (i)) ...(ii)
2 2  n1  C
A parallel combination of n2 capacitors each of capacitance C2  Total capacitance, C total  3
are connected to V source as shown in the figure. The charge is the same, Q, when capacitors are in series.
C2 Q Q
Vtotal    3V.
C C/3
n2 C2 53. The electric potential at a point, V   x 2 y  xz 3  4
C2    V ˆ V ˆ V ˆ 
The field E  V    i j k
 x y z 
C2 
 E  ˆi  2xy  z 3   ˆjx 2  kˆ  3xz 2 
V
Total capacitance of the parallel combination of capacitors is + A
Q/4 K+
Cp  C 2  C2  ......  upto n 2 terms  n 2C 2 or Cp  n 2C2 ...(iii) Q/4

Total energy stored in a parallel combination of capacitors is C O B

54.
1 1 +
u p  C p V 2   n 2C 2   V 2 (Using (iii) (iv))
+
Q/4 Q/4
2 2 D
According to the given problem, Us  U p The fields at O due to AC and BD cancel each other. The field
Substituting the values of Us and Up from equations (ii) and (iv), due to CD is acting in the direction OK and equal in magnitude
we get to E due to AKB.
1 Q
1 C1 1 V .  Q.1011 volts
 4V 2   n 2C2   V 2 55. 4 0 r
2 n1 2
1 11 potential
 r  4 010 , E   Q.1011  40 .1011
C116 16C1 r
or  n 2C2 or C2 
n1 n1n 2  E  40 .Q.1022 volt/m

23
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

56. Let A , B and C are the electric flux linked with A, B and C. C 3
 CV  V  CV.
According to Gauss theorem, 2 2
Work done in charging fully both the condensors is given by
q
 A   B  C  1 1 3 3
0 W  QV    CV  V  CV 2
2 2 2  4
q q 0 A
Since A  C  2A +B  or 2A   B 60. Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor C  ...(i)
0 0 d
q potential difference
or, 2A   (Given B  ) Also capacitance  ...(ii)
0 ch arg e
1 q  When battery is disconnected and the distance between the plates
 A      . of the capacitor is increased then capacitance increases and charge
2  0  remains constant.
R
potential difference
Since capacitance 
ch arg e
+q –q  Potential difference increases.
57.
A C B D 61. Work done in deflecting a dipole through an angle  is given by

2L
From figure, AC  L, BC  L, BD  BC  L W   pE sin d  pE 1  cos  
0
AD  AB  BD  2L  L  3L Since   90
Potential at C is given by
 W  pE 1  cos90  or, W = pE.
VC 
1  q  q    1  q  q   0  
 Electric flux, E   E.dS
4 0  AC BC  4 0  L L  62.
Potential at D is given by   EdScos    EdScos90  0

VD 
1  q  q    1  q  q  The lines are parallel to the surface.

40  AD BD  40  3L L  63. C1, C2 and C3 are is series
1 q 1  q 1 1 1 1
   1  .    C2
40 L  3  60 C ' C 2C 3C
Work done in moving charge +Q along the semicircle CRD is C3 C1
1 6  3  2 11
given by or   C4
C' 6C 6C
 q  qQ 6C
W   VD  VC    Q     0  Q   or, C ' 
 6  0  6 0 L 11
Comments : Potential at C is zero because the charges are equal All the capacitors in branch 1 is in series so the charge on each
and opposite and the distances are the same. Potential at D due 6
to –q is greater than that at A (+q), because D is closer to B. capacitor is Q '  CV
11
Therefore it is negative. Also charge on capacitor C4 is Q = 4CV
58. This consists of two dipoles, –q and +q with dipole moment Q' 6CV 3
 Ratio = Q  11 4CV  22 .
along with the +y-direction and –q and +q along the x-direction.
y 64. Work done is equal to zero because the potential of A and B are
+q
1 q
P the same 
q×a 40 a
A (0,a)

-2a x
0 +q
q×a

z
 The resultant moment  q 2a 2  q 2a 2  2qa. +q
O B (a,0)
Along the direction 45° that is along OP where P is (+a, +a, 0). No work is done if a particle does not change its potential energy.
59. As the capacitors are connected in parallel, therefore potential i.e. initial potential energy = final potential energy.
difference across both the condensors remains the same. 65. The potential energy when q3 is at point C
C Q
 Q1  CV; Q 2  2 V 1  q1q3  q 2q 3 
Q1 Q2 U1   2
Also, Q  Q1  Q2 40  0.40 2
 0.40    0.30  
V C C/2
The potential energy when q3 is at point D

24
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
q3
1  q1q3 q 2q 3  C dV dV
U2   Also, E   or  0 . (inside the conductor)
40  0.40 0.10  dx dx
Thus change in potential energy is  V = constant. [V is potential]
So potential remains same throughout the conductor.
U  U 2  U1 q1
q2

A B D 73. When an electric dipole is placed in a uniform electrical field E ,
q3 1  q1q3 q 2q 3 q1q3 q 2q3    
 k    the torque on the dipole is given by   p  E
4 0 40  0.40 0.10 0.40 0.50 

5q 2  q 2 4q 2 1 V2
k   8q 2 74. Energy density  0 2
0.50 0.50 2 d

1 Q
66. Using mv 2  qV 75. For complete cube    106
2 0
1 2 103  10  10 1Q
V   50kV For each face    106
2 2  106 z
6 0
67. The total force on dipole is zero because F = qE is applied on
each charge but in opposite direction. The potential energy is
   AQ
U   p.E, which is minimum when p and E are parallel.
68. To get equivalent capacitance 6 F. 76. L y
4 F 4 F B
Out of the 4 F capacitance, two are
connected in series and third one is x
connected in parallel. 4 F As at a corner, 8 cubes can be placed symmetrically, flux linked
4 4 Q
Ceq   4  2  4  6 F. with each cube (due to a charge Q at the corner) will be 8
44 0
q Now for the faces passing through the edge A, electric field E at
69. The total flux through the cube  total  a face will be parallel to area of face and so flux for these three
0
faces will be zero. Now as the cube has six faces and flux linked
q 4q with three faces (through A) is zero, so flux linked with remaining
 the electric flux through any face face  
6 0 6  4 0  Q
70. There are eight corners of a cube and in each corner there is a three faces will be 8
0
charge of (–q). At the centre of the corner there is a charge of Hence, electric flux passed through all the six faces of the cube is
(+q). Each corner is equidistant from the centres of the cube and Q
the distance (d) is half of the diagonals of the cube. 80
Diagonal of the cube  b2  b2  b 2  3 b 78. Let q be the charge on each capacitor.
 d  3 b/2 1 2 1q
2
Now, electric potential energy of the charge (+q) due to a charge  Energy stored, U  CV 
2 2 C
(–q) at one corner = U Now, when battery is disconnected and another capacitor of same

q1q 2

  q    q    q2 capacity is connected in parallel to the first capacitor, then voltage
40r 4 0  3b / 2  2 0  3b  q
across each capacitor, V 
 Total electric potential energy due to all the eight identical 2C
2
8q 2 4q 2 1  q  1 1 q2 1
charges  8U    .  Energy stored  C    .  U.
2 0 3b 30b 2  2C  4 2 C 4
71. Charge on first capacitor  q1  C1V 79. Reconstruction of circuits gives
Charge on second capacitor  q 2  0
6F 6F 3F
When they are connected, in parallel the total charge B 6F
A 20F
q  q1  q 2  q  C1V.
and capacitance, C  C1  C2 6F 6F 3F

Let V be the common potential difference across each capacitor, F0

then q  CV ' . 80. Fm  i.e., decreases K times
K
q C1 81. In bringing an electron towards another electron, work has to be
 V'   V. done (since same charges repel each other). The work done stored
C C1  C 2
as electrostatic potential energy, and hence, electrostatic potential
72. Electric field intensity E is zero within a conductor due to charge
energy of the system increases.
given to it.

25
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

K0 A 92. Electric lines of force start from the positive charge and end at
82. Capacitance of capacitor with oil between the plate, C 
d the negative charge. Since the electric lines for both the charges
If oil is removed capacitance, C '  0 A  C  C are ending, therefore both q1 and q2 are negative charges.
d K 2 93. Work done on carrying a charge from one place to another on an
83. Field inside a conducting sphere = 0
equipotential surface is zero.
As v2  02  2ay  2  F / m  y  2 
qE  94. Potential inside the sphere is the same as that on the surface i.e.,
84. y
m 80 V.
1
K.E.  mv 2 95. Net force on each of the charge due to the other charges is zero.
2
However, disturbance in any direction other than along the line
1   qE  
 K.E.  m  2 y  K.E.  qEy on which the charges lie, will not make the charges return.
2  m 
85. The electric field at a point on equatorial line (perpendicular
bisector) of dipole at a distance r is given by, Other Medical
p 1
E .
40  2 3/ 2  k A 
r  a2  1. q  C1V   0  V  Kq 0
 d 
where 2a = length of dipole
2. C = 9nF,  r  2.4,V  20 volt
For, r >> a;
Dielectric strength = 20MV/m
p 1 Let separation between plants = d
 E . . i.e., E  p and E  r 3.
40 r3 E
v
d
86. Electric flux emerging from the cube does not depend on size of
20
cube. 20  106 
d
q d  106 m
Total flux 
0 Now,
88. Radii of sphere (R1) = 1 cm = 1 × 10–2m; 0 A r
C
(R2) = 2 cm = 2 × 10–2 m and charges on sphere; d
 Q1   102 C and  Q 2   5 102 C. 8.85  1012  A  2.4
9  109 
106
Total charge Q1  Q 2 15
Common potential  V    9  10
Total capacity C1  C 2 A
8.85  2.4  1012
1102    5 102   6 102 A  0.42  103

40102  40  2  102  40  3  102  A  4.2  104 m 2
 A q2
Therefore final charge on smaller sphere (C1V) 3. C 0 r  U
d 2C
2
6  10  lt 2  A.T 2
 40 10 2   2  102 C. U C
4 0  3  102 
2C M1L2T 2
89. Charge(q) = 0.2 C; Distance (d) = 2m; Angle   60 and work  M 1L2A 2T 4
done (W) = 4 J. A 0r
4. C
Work done in moving the charge (W) d
 F.d cos   qEd cos  9 A  8.85  1012  2.5
 15  10  ......(i)
d
or, E  W  4

4
 20 N / C. V
qd cos  0.2  2  cos60 0.4  0.5 Since, E 
d
90. For equilibrium of charge Q, the force of repulsion due to similar 6 30
charges Q should be balanced by the force of attraction due to  30  10 
d
charge q and d  106 m
1 Qq 1 Q2 from (i)
   2 0
4 0  r / 2  2 40 r A  8.85  1012  2.5
15  109 
Q Q2 Q 106
or 4 q or 4q  Q or q  
r 2
r2 4 15  109  106
A
91. To orient the dipole at any angle  from its initial position, work 8.85  1012  2.5
has to be done on the dipole from   0 to   6.7  104 m 2
Potential energy  pE 1  cos   5. For r (r < R)


26
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

Qr r Flux through cube :    2    2   23

E 3
 Er
4 0 R 30 q in 3
  =
0 0
1m 30°
sin 30 
r
 =
0 3 
 2 3 0  2 0
6. 2 1  3

r  1m 14. Applying KVL in bigger loop
r/2
Q1 Q 2
KQ 2   10  10  0
tan   1 5
r 2 mg Q
 Q1  2  Q 2  5Q1 .......(1)
KQ 2 1 9  109 Q 2 5
 tan 30  2  
r mg 3 1  103  10 KVL in loop 1 implies
Q1  Q1  Q2 
10 2 10    10  0 .......(2)
Q 9
 C 1  2 
9 3  10 9 3
From (1) and (2)
= 0.8 C 4Q1  10
 1  x   Q1  2.5 C,Q2  5  2.5  12.5 C
7. E  
2 0  2 2
R x  So, charge on 2F  Q1  Q2  15 C

15. E
10  109  3  0r
E 1  16  9 
2  8.85  1012    0r E
 8.85  1012  2  5  103
103  10 2
E   8.85  108 C / m 2
2  8.85 5
16. u x  u y  0, a y  9.8
E  0.22  103 N / C qE
ax   10  10 6  5  103  5  102 m / s 2
8. q in   dV m

q in   r  2rdr   r 2 1 84  102  2 1 2
y  a yt2  t2  and x  a x t
2 g 2
  9 3 2
 E.dA  in0  E  2r   r  E  r x 
1 84  102  2  5  102
 0.43cm
2 9.8
9. Polarisation 0 X E E  
17. P 0 e E  E  P
Polarisation  E 0 r 1
if E x  10
 100  4.5  8.85  1012 C / m 2 then Ey = 50 and Ez = 20
 39.82  10 10 C / m 2
E  100  2500  400  10 30 V/m
V    1
10. P  E0  r  1  0 r 18. For large separation capacitor can be treated as dipole moment

 d by using dipole-dipole interaction
10  8.85  1012  2.5
P  110.63  109 C / m 2 d
2  103
11. E due to both plates are uniform and perpendicular so net electric
L
field at any point p1p 2 d2
2 2 Force   F  p  d 
     L4 L4
E net  E12  E 22   1    2 
 2 0   2 0  q 12  1012 q Nm 2
19.   12
 0.225
10 9
10  10 9 6 0 6  8.85  10 8.85 c
 82  6 2   4  3.14  9  109   
20 2  2
20. E1  r E 2 and E1  E 2    103
= 18 × 3.14 × 10 = 565 V/m 2 0 2
2  103
So E   10 3 N / C
2
21. As we know
y
1 2 x
12. 
d

27
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
k k  2k  180 
Ex   cos 2  cos 1  , E y   sin 2  sin 1  28. E sin    ˆi 
d d R  2 
1  4 
Here 1  tan    53 and 2  90  2
3
k 9  109  30  10 6
So E x  1  cos53    36  105 NC 29. P
d 36  102
2  
Ep   
20 20 20
    EQq 9  109  20  1.6  104
30. F   3  109 N
r2 10  102 2
22. kq 2 T dE
2 31. Force on dipole  p  p 1  p
mg  dx
C1C 2
32. Energy loss   V1  V2 2
kq2 2  C1  C 2 
Tcos30  mg & Tsin30° 
2 400  10 12
kq 2  100  0  2 J
 tan 30  4
 2 mg  1 106 J
2 33. In constant field force, path of particle must be a straight line or
kq 3
m  0.15 kg
 g 2 a parabola.
2k If initial velocity and field are not parallel/ antiparallel to each
23. E 
r other then path must be a parabola.

where  is   r22  r12    q   4R 2 
34.  
0 0
2  9  109
E    49  25  104  8.35 109  6   4  3.14  1.2  1.2 
101  10  10
8.85  1012
 12 N/C
 2  107 N  m 2 / C
11
Q 10 55. Here, q1  3C  3  106 C, q 2  3C  3  106 C
24.    0.188 V-m
6 0 6  8.85  10 12
r1  ˆi  ˆj  k,
ˆ r  2iˆ  3jˆ  3kˆ
2
Q  
25.  IR  V  0  r  r2  r1
C
I +Q   2iˆ  3jˆ  3kˆ    ˆi  ˆj  kˆ   ˆi  2ˆj  2kˆ
–Q
Q
 IR  V 
C R  2 2 2
dQ V Q r  1   2    2   3
  
dt R CR 1 q1q 2
Q
dQ dt
t According to coulomb’s law, F  4 2
0 r
  Q  CV  CR

V 9  109  3  106  3  106
Q0 0
  9  103 N.
 3 2
 Q  CV  t
 n  Q  CV    57. Torque about Q of charge –q is zero, so angular momentum
 0 
charge –q is constant, but distance between charges is changing,
Q0 = –CV (initial charge)
so force is changing, so speed and velocity are changing.
Q = 0 (final charge)
58. The electric field on one plate due to the charge on the other is
 n2  t /   t   n2  Q
E
or t = 5 × 0.693 = 3.465 sec 2A0
26. For outer sphere  The force on one plate due to the charge on the other is
Q
V  Q  Q2
E  8cm F  QE  Q   
r  2A0  2A0
5cm 59. Every system tends to decrease its potential energy to attain
 V = ER = 240kV
more stability when we increase charge on soap bubble its radius
Q2 11C 2  1
E   3.3 J
2C  RR  increases  U   .
27. 2  4   0  r  1 2   r
 R 2  R1 

28
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
60. Force on a charge q in a uniform electric field E is F = qE For sphere 1
Work done = force × distance = qEY In equilibrium, from figure. T1 cos 1  M1g;T1 sin 1  F1
2
k  1 2 
QQ F1
kQ Q  tan 1 
62. F1  12 2 and  2  M1g
d F2 
d2 For sphere 2
According to question, F1  F2 In equilibrium, from figure T2 cos 2  M 2g;T2 sin 2  F2
2
Q1Q2 
 Q1  Q2   4Q1Q 2  Q12  Q22  2Q1Q 2  tan 2 
F2
4 M 2g
Q1 Force of repulsion between two charges are same.
0  Q12  Q 22  6Q1Q2 
 3  8.
Q2 F1 F
 F1  F2 , 1  2 only if  2
63. The total positive charge on the inner solid sphere M1g M 2g
R1 But F1 = F2, then M1 = M2.
0 R2
 4r 2dr.  4 1 0
r 2 67. Let separation between two parts be r  F  k.q
Q  q
0
r2
The total negative charge on the outer shell  4R 22. But both dF Q 2
For F to be maximum 0 
are equal in magnitude as the sum is zero. dq q 1
q1 q2
R 22 0 R2 0
   A B
R12 2 R1 2 68.
r
64. The charge at the inner surface, outer surface and inside the
According to Coulomb’s law, the force of repulsion between them
conductor at P   Q,  Q,0  as shown in the figure
q1q 2
+Q + is, F
40 r 2
+ r + When the charged spheres A and B are brought in contact, each
–Q p q1  q 2
+ sphere will attain equal charge q’, q ' 
+Q 2
Now, the force of repulsion between them at the same distance r
+ + is
+ q q
65. In the following figure, in equilibrium Fe  Tsin 30 ,
A B
r = 1m r
2
 q1  q 2  q1  q 2   q1  q 2 
1m   1m q ' q ' 1  2   
 2    2 

T cos 30° F'  
40r 2
40 r 2
40 r 2
T 
2
+10 C Fe  q1  q 2 
T sin 30° +10 C As    q1q 2  F'  F.
mg  2 
r
69. Potential at the surface of spherical conductor of radius R carrying
Q2 1
 9  109 .  T
r2 2 Q
change Q, Vs 
4 0 R

 9  109 . 10  10
6 
 T
1
2
Let Q1 and Q2 are the charges on two spherical conductors of
2 2
1 radii R1 and R2 respectively.
 T  1.8N When these two charged spherical conductors connected by a
wire, the potential at their surfaces becomes equal.
66. The three forces acting one each sphere are :
 Vs1  Vs 2
(i) Tension, (ii) Weight
Q1 Q2 Q R
(iii) electrostatic force of repulsion   1  1 .....(i)
4 0 R1 40 R 2 Q2 R 2
Ch arg e
2 Surface charge density,  
L1 1 L2 Area
T1 cos 1 T2 cos 2  Q1 
 
1 T1 T2 2  4R12  Q1 R 22 R1 R 22 R 2
m1 m2  1      
F1 F2 2  Q2  Q 2 R12 R 2 R12 R1
+O1 T1 sin 1 T2 sin 2 +O 2  2 
 4R 2 
M1g M2g

29
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
70. Negative charge means excess of electron which increases the  
mass of sphere B. 106  1 1 1 1  9 6 1 
      .....   9 10  10  1 
40  1 4 16 64 
1 F  1  
71. F i.e. air  K  4
K Fmedium
9 6 4 4 3
 9  10  10   9   10  12000N
72. In second case, charges will be 2C and +3C 3 3
78. On the equipotential surface, electric field is normal to the charged
F Q1Q 2
Since F  Q1Q 2i.e.  surface (where potential exists) so that no work will be done.
F' Q1' Q'2
80. Obviously, from charge configuration, at the centre electric field
40 3  8 2q
   4  F'  10N  Attractive  is non-zero. Potential at the centre due to 2q charge V2q 
F' 2  3 r
and potential due to –q charge 2q
F1 Q1Q2 10  20 8
73. F  Q1Q2     q
F2 Q'1 Q'2 5  5 1 V q   (r = distance of centre point) r
r
  Q2
r r
74. FB  FC  k. 2  Total potential V  V2q  V q  V q  0 E–q E2q E–q
-q -q
a
A P B
FC FC sin 60°
FC cos 60° 60° –6 –6
F B cos 60°
60°
A +6×10 C – 4×10 C
FB 60° 82. x (15–x)
FB sin 60°
(15 cm)
Let the potential be zero at point P at a distance x, from the
60° 60° charge + 6 × 10–6 C at A as shown in the figure. Potential at P
 
–Q +Q
B a C  4  10 6 
Hence force experienced by the charge at A in the direction normal 1  6  106 
V 
to BC is zero. 40  x

15  x  

 
75. They will not experience any force if FG  Fe 1  6  106 4  10 6 
0   
40  x 15  x 
m2 1 q2 q
G  .   40G
6  106 4  106
16 10  2 2
 
2
40 16  102 m 0 
x 15  x
76. Initially
6  10 6 4  10 6
Q Q   6 15  x   4x
A B x 15  x
r 90
90  6x  4x or 10x  90  x   9cm
Q2 10
Fk ...........(i)
r2 The other possibility is that point of zero potential P may lie on
Finally AB produced at a distance x from the charge +6×10 –6 C at A as
Q/2 FB Q/2 FA Q shown in the figure.
A C B A B P
r/2
–6 –6
k  Q / 2
2
kQ 2 +6×10 C – 4×10 C
Force on C due to A, FA   2 (15cm) (x–15)
 r / 2 2 r
x
KQ  Q / 2  2KQ 2 Potential at P
Force on C due to B, FB  
 r / 2 2 r2 
1  6  106 
4  10 6  
2
kQ V 
 Net force on C, Fnet  FB  FA  2  F 40  x

 x  15  

r
77. The schematic diagram of distribution of charges on x-axis is 1  6  10 6 4  10 6 
shown in figure below : 0   
4  0  x x  15 
1C 1C 1C 1C 1C 6  106 4  106
0 
O x=1 x=2 x=4 x=8
x  x  15
6  10 6 4  10 6 6 4
  
Total force acting on 1C charge is given by x x  15 x x  15
1 1 1  106 1 1  106 1 1 106 1 1  106  90
F      .....  6x  90  4x  2x  90 or x   45 cm
40  1
2
 2 2
 4 2
8  2
 2
Thus, electrostatic potential is zero at 9 cm and 45 cm from the
charge 6 106 C at A. Also, potential to be zero at infinity..
30
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

Equipotential 92. Kinetic energy = Force × Displacement = qEy

+q surface 94. For the drop to be stationary, Force on the drop due to electric
83. r field = Weight of the drop qE = mg

1.6  106  10
When a charge is moved from one point to the other over an q  1.6  107 C
100
equipotential surface, work done will be zero.
 Number of electrons carried by the drop is
84. Heare E  5iˆ  3jˆ kV / m
10, 3, 0 q 1.6  107 C
  rB    1012.
VB  VA    E.dr     
5iˆ  3jˆ . dxiˆ  dyjˆ  dzkˆ  e 1.6  1019 C
rA  4, 0, 3 Energy
10 3 95. Energy density  so it’s dimensions are
Volume
   5dx    3 dy  0  5  x 4  3 y 0
10 3

4 0 ML2T 2  1 2 
  ML T 
 5 10  4   3  3  0   30  9  21kV. L3
96. Inside a conducting body, potential is same everywhere and equals
2QV  QA q 1
86. Using     Q  A    to the potential of it’s surface.
m B QB 4q 2
97. Given electric potential of spheres are same i.e., VA  VB
V 3000
87. V  Er  r    6m 1 . Q1 1 . Q2 Q a
E 500    1
40 a 4 0 b Q2 b .........(i)
Q1 Q2
Q
3cm 1cm as surface charge density  
4m 2
89.
1 Q1 b 2 a b 2 b
10 cm      
2 Q 2 a 2 b a 2 a
Let Q1 and Q2 be the charge on the two conducting spheres of 98. The potential of Q at the surface
Q
radii R1 (= 3cm) and R2 (= 1cm) respectively 1 Q
A . ; A q
4 0 R The potential of q R
1 Q1 9  109  Q1
 V1   10  1 q
40 R1 3  102 at the surface A  4 . R B r
2 0
10  3  10 The potential at B is due to Q
 Q1  .......(i)
9  109 1 Q
1 Q2 9
9  10  Q2 inside  4 . R
and V2   10  0
40 R 2 1 102
1 q
The potential at B due to q  .
10  1 102 40 r
 Q2  .......(ii)
9  109 1 Q q 
 Potential at A, VA    
According to coulomb’s law 4 0  R R 
1 Q1Q 2 1 Q q
Force of repulsion between them is F  Potential at B, VB    
4 0 r 2 40  R r 
9  109  10  3  10 2  10  1  10 2 1 q q 
  VB  VA    
  [Using (i) & (ii)]
2
9  10 9  9  10 9  10  10 2 4 0  r R  .
1 99. KE  QV  e  103 V  1KeV
    109 N
3 
100. Force acting on the charged particle  qE
90. E
dV
dx

d
dx
 
5x 2  10x  9  10x  10 Work done in moving a distance S,

S
W  qE.S   qE   S  cos 
  E  x 1  10  1  10  20V / m.
10J   0.5C   E  2cos 60 60°
91. Joined by a wire means they are at the same potential. For same E
kQ1 kQ2 Q1 a  E  10  2  20 NC 1  20 Vm 1
potential a  a  Q  b
1 2 2 101. The negative charge oscillates, the resultant force acts as a
Further, the electric field at the surface of the sphere having restoring force and proportional to displacement. When it reaches
kQ the plane XY, the resultant force is zero and the mass moves
radius R and charge Q is
R2 down due to inertia. Thus oscillation is set.
102. V  N 2 / 3V  40  N 2 / 3  10
E1 kQ1 / a 2 Q1 b 2 b
    
E 2 kQ 2 / b 2 Q2 a 2 a N 2 / 3  4  N 2  64  N  8

31
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
103. Resolve E along CO and BO into two perpendicular components q
A(+2q) A 118.    0 i.e. net charge on dipole is zero.
0
E E
2E 119. Charge enclosed by cylindrical surface (length 100 cm) is
2Ecos60°
Qenc  100Q. By applying Gauss’s law
2E 60°
E sin 60°
O 1 1
O E sin 60°   Qenc   100Q 
0 0
E E
B(+q) C(+q) B C  3Q 
120. Let sphere has uniform charge density     and E is the
The sine components cancel each other  4R 3 
The cosine components add up along OA to give 2E cos 60 electric field at distance x from the centre of the sphere.
 Resultant field along AO  2E  2E cos 60 ,  2E  E  E Applying Gauss law
 Resultant field is E along AO. q V '  4 3
E.4x 2     x
104. Potential will be zero at two points 0 0 0 3
x
q 1 = 2 C q2 = -1C N [ V '  Volume of dotted sphere]
M R
O 
x=0 x=4 x=6 x = 12 E  xEx
 ' 30
6 122. According to Gauss’s theorem
  1
Charge +Q on
1  2  106  1  106  
At internal point (M): 4     0 o E.ds  Qenclosed insulating support
0  6     0
2 Q S r
E.4x 2 
So distance of M from origin; x = 6 – 2 = 4 At exterior point (N) 0 O P
x
1  2  106  1 106   E. 
Q SP  r
    0  '  6 40 x 2 OP  x
4 0   6   '  ' 
So distance of N from origin, x = 6 + 6 = 12 123. By Gauss’s theorem
2 2
105. In the direction of electric field potential decreases.
E  4r 2  
   4r dr

 kr 4r dr
E
kr 2
k.2p 1 0 0 40
106. Force on charge F  q  E a   q  F
r3 r3 124. Battery in disconnected so Q will be constant as C  K. So with
1 introduction of dielectric slab capacitance will increase using Q =
When r  doubled; F  times
8 Q2
107. Potential energy of dipole in electric field U   PE cos ; where CV, V will decrease and using U  , energy will decrease.
2C
 is the angle between electric field and dipole.     
1 2p 1 125. Between plate E  2   2    ,
108. E  4 . 3  E  3 . 0  0 0
0 r r outside plate   0  E '  0.
111. Point charge produces non-uniform electric field.
1 Q2
126. Energy stored in the capacitor 
112. E equatorial  kp i.e. E  p and E  r 3 2 C
r3 Q  CV  900  10 12 F  100V
113. The potential energy of an electric dipole in a uniform electric
field is  Q  9  108 C
 1 Q2
U  pE , U   pE cos  Energy of the capacitor when fully charged   4.5  106 J.
2 C
For U to be maximum cos   1     + – + –
114. W  PE 1  cos  here   180 900 pF 900 pF
 W  PE 1  cos180   PE 1   1  2PE + –
+ –
115.   PE sin  100 V 900 pF
 10 2  P  104 sin 30 (a) (b)
The total charge is conserved. In figure (b), total capacitance
 P  2 2  103
 U  PE cos   C  2  C  2  900 pF

 U  2 2  103  104 cos30  24.5J. 1 Q2 1 Q2

 Final energy   .
117. Total flux coming out from unit charge 2 C' 2 2C
  1 4.5  10 6 J
  E.ds   1  01  Final energy   2.25  10 6 J.
0 2

32
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
3 F 4 F
+ – + – 
+ – + – C

127.
6V 6V
(i) Initially
As Q = CV
 Initially the charge on each capacitor is C
Q1  C1V1   3F   6V   18C C1 C2
135. Q1  C  C Qn & Q 2  C  C Q n
and Q2  C2 V2   4F   6V   24C 1 2 1 2
When two capacitors are joined to each other such that negative 6c 3c
plate of one is attached with the positive plate of the other. The  Q1   9q &  Q 2   9q
6c  3c 6c  3c
charges Q1 and Q2 are redistributed till they attain the common
potential which is given by common potential, = 6q & = 3q
3 F 136. The given circuit can be redrawn as follows potential difference
V
Total charge + – Q1
+ –
across 4.5 F capacitor 4.5F   F 
Total capacitance 9
 2  9 F

24C  18C 6
 V Q2 +4 F– V
9
 12
3F  4F 7 + – 9 
(ii) When connected   9
1 2 
Final energy stored, U f   C1  C 2  V
2
2  8V
2 10C 5C 12V
1
 3 106  4 106    6  10 cm 10 cm
2 7
1 36 138. 10 cm
  7  106   2.57  106 J Q1 Q2
2 49
128. If the drops are conducting, then Potential at the centre of the ring 1 is
4 3 4 
R  N  r 3   R  N1/ 3r. Final charge Q = Nq 1 10  5  1 10 5 
3 3  V1    
2  4 10 10 2 
40 10 2
10   10   0 
Q Nq
So final potential V '    V  N2 / 3 Potential at the centre of the ring 2 is
R N1/ 3r
k 0 A 1 8.85  1012  50  104 1 5  10  1 5 10 
129. c    for air, k  1 V2    
2  4 10 10 2 
d 1.0  102 40 10 2
10   10   0 
 8.85  5  1013 Work done, W  q  V1  V2 
 44.25  1013  4.4  10 12  4.4 pF q 10 5 5 10 
The capacitance after inserting bakelite 
4010  10 2  10  10 2 
 
C'  kC (k = dielectric constant) q 5 5  q 1 1 
   
 4.8  4.4 pF  21.12 pF 4 0 10 10 2  40  2 2 2 
130. Charge on isolated plates remains same q  1  q  2 1
C V  C0 V C V  V  1   
C0 V0  C0 V  CV  0 0 CC 0 0 80  2  80  2 
V V
139. Force on  length of the wire 2 is  
131. U Big  n 5/ 3u small
2k1
132. Work done W  Uf  U1 F2  QE1    2 
R
1 1 C 1 F2 2k1 2  Q
U1  CV02 and U f   3V0 2  3  CV02  
2 2 3 2  R
0 AV02 F F F 2k1 2
So W  Also 1  2  
d    R R
1
133. The given arrangement becomes an arrangement of (n–1)
140. By using,
2
m  2
1  2  2  QV
capacitors connected in parallel. So CR   n  1 C
1
134. Third capacitor is short circuited C  C1  C2  2C  10 3  12   0.2 2   108  600  0 
C 2
 1  22.8 cm / s
C
141. When dipole is given a small angular displacement  about it’s
equilibrium position, the restoring torque will be
   pE sin    pE  as sin  
C

33
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
and C is uniform). Therefore electric field at R = 5m
d 2  d 2 
or I  pE as  = I  I 2  is equal to the slope of A B

Potential in volts
2 5
dt  dt 
line BC hence by 4
d 2 pE pE dV 3
or  2 with 2   E ; 2
dt 2 I I dr
1
  V
E   0  5  2.5
C
a  R 1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
142.   Kr ,E  r    E  r  R  64 m Distance R in meters
 2 8
147. Inside the shell A, electric field Ein  0
q enclosed 1 Q

4 0  R / 2 2 8 4 0 R 2 32 q enc.  Q B x'
A
rB x
 R a 3
R/2

Kr a 4r 2dr  4K  
rA
q enc.    a  3  2 
0
EA
4K a 3 Q a 3
Q R  2  32  a  2
 a  3 q enc.
EB
143. Restoring force on charge q
1 q.q 1 q.q At the surface of shell A,
  kQ
4 0  a  x 2 4 0  a  x 2 E A  2A   [a fixed positive value], Between the shell A
-q ra
1 q a  x   a  x  
22 2 and B, at a distance x from the common centre
    k.Q
40 1 
 a 2  x 2  2
 q
E  2A   [as x increases E decreases] At the surface of
x
shell B,
  a  x  a  x  a  x  a  x  
q2  2  -q k.  Q A  Q B 
 2 EB    [a fixed negative value because
4 0  a 4 1  x  
 rB2
2
  a   | QA || QB |] Outside the both shell, at a distance x from the
common centre
4ax.q 2 q2x F a 2 x
 a   a  2 x k  QA  QB 
40a 4 0a 3 m  0m.a 3 E out    [As xincreases negative value of Eout
x '2
decreases and it becomes zero at x   ]
a2 a2
2   . 148. Since, the spheres are identical in size, so when they touch each
0 ma 3  0m.a 3
other, Charge lost by one = charge gained by other, Let a charge
q flows from sphere B to A, then
A
K10 –50e +q = 20e –q or 2q = 20e + 50e = 70e or q = 35e
C1  2  K10 A
144. d d  Resulting charge on sphere A = –50e + 35e = –15e
 
 2 149. After initial contact and separation, each sphere will be having –
2 C each –9 C 5 C
K1 0  
A 2  106
 2   K 2 0 A and C  K 30A  K 30 A n  1.25 1013
C2  3 1.6  1019
d d 2d 2d i.e. 1.25 × 1013 electrons in excess.
 
2
150. Charge q1, will follow circular path if electro-static force between
C1C 2  K3 K1K 2  0 A q1 and q2 is attractive,
Now, C eq  C3  C  C   2  K  K  d q1q 2 m1v2 1 q1q 2
1 2  1 2
i.e,  v
0 2
4 r r 4  v
0 m1r
0 A 0 r A
. 2 m2
0 A C1C2 Also, v  rw  r
145. C  , CN   d/2 d/2 T r q1, m1
d C1  C 2 0 A  0 r A q2
d/2 d/2 2r 1630 m1r 3
T 
v q1q 2
20 A r 2C r
  151. Let the charge on one object is q, then charge on another object is
d 1   r  1   r 
kq  Q  q 
146. Intensity at 5m is same as at any point between B and C because (Q – q). Force between the two objects, F 
r2
the slope of BC is same throughout (i.e., electric field between B

34
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

dF k  Qq  4dx  Qqx
For maximum force,  0 , 2  q  1  Q  q   0 F  4 

dq r 40  d  0d 3
Q
Q  2q  0 or q  , Therefore, the values of charges on the F Qqx
2 Acceleration, a  
Q Q Q M  0d 3M
objects are q  and Q  q  Q   .
2 2 2 As a   x , The charge will execute simple harmonic motion.
152. Let the point P be at the distance x from the centre of A where The standard equation of SHM is a  2 x
the electric field intensity is zero.
2 Qq Qq
+9 C EB EA +4 C Comparing (i) and (ii), we get   or  
 0d 3M  0d3M
A P B
x 3 3 3
Time period, T  2  2  0 Md  2   0 Md
(10m – x)
 Qq Qq
1 9C 1 4C
 At point P, E A  E B ,  +6 C (–q) +15 C
40 x 2 40 10m  x 2
9 4 3 2 156. x=0m x=2m
  or 30m  3x  2x x (2 – x)
2 , x x
x 2
10m  x  10m
30m Let the charge (–q) be placed at a distance x from +6 C. As the
5x  30m or x  6 m resultant force on (–q) is zero
5
153. According to the Coulomb’s law, the force between the electron

 q   6 106   q   15 106
and the hydrogen nucleus is 40  x 2 40   2  x 
2

1  e  e  1 e2 6 15 1 5
F 2 , F –ve sign shows that force is  , 
4 0 r 40 r 2 2 2  x
x 2
2  x x
2
 1 e2 
attractive. In vector form, F   r On solving, we get
40 r 3
x  0.775 m or x  3.44 m
+12 C –8 C
154. Before contact
d 1 C 1gm

Force F1  
1
.

12  106  8  106  2 mC u=0 v

4 0 d2 158. 1m (Initial) Final)

+2 C +2 C 10 mm
Before contact
d
Using energy conservation principle, Ei  Ef
 F2  
1
.

2  106  2  106  1 q1q 1 q1q 1 2
4 0 d2   mv
4 0 r1 40 r2 2
F 96 24
 1  1 qq 1 1
mv 2  1     9  109  2  103  1 106   
F2 4 1 1 1
d d 2 4 0  r1 r2   1 10 
1  9 18  2  9
155. q  mv 2  18   , v 2  3 , 1
10  10 v  180 m s
Q Q 2
(i)  10 

Q q Q
(x) 159. Given situation is shown in the figure. Suppose electric field
(d + x) (d – x) intensity at point C is zero.
(ii) A EB C EA B
Let charge q is displaced by x from the mean position as shown
in the figure (ii). r
Here, AB = r = 90 cm = 0.9 m, q A  10 C  10  106 C
The restoring force acting on the charge q to bring it in its mean
position is q B  40 C  40  106 C, AC  ?
qA qB
 1 Qq 
Qq 1 At point C, EA  E B 4 AC 2  4 BC 2
F       0 
 4 0  d  x  4 0  d  x 2 
2 0


qA qB 10  106 40  106
2  
Qq   d  x    d  x  
2
Qq  1 1 
 AC  2
 r  AC  2 ,
 AC  2
 0.9  AC 2
     
40  
4 0   d  x 2  d  x  2  ,  
2
 d2  x 2
   1 4 1 2
 ; 
   AC  2
 0.9  AC  2
AC 0.9  AC
Qq  4dx 

4 0  d 2  x 2 2  , Since x << d
    0.9  AC  2 AC;3 AC  0.9 , AC  0.3 m  30 cm.

35
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
160. Force on electron in uniform electric field is F = eF Electric field E  1.6  105 Vm 1
F eE Force on –particle in a uniform electric field E is
The acceleration of the electron is a   where m is the 14
m m F  q  E  3.2  1019  1.6  105 N  3.2 1.6 10 N
mass of the electron.
Starting from rest, the velocity of the electron when it has F 3.2  1.6  1014
Acceleration of the –particle is a   m s 2
eE
m 6.4  1027
travelled distance s is v  2as  2 s
m Given : u = 0
2  3.2  1.6  1014  2 102
Here,
e
m
 1.8  1011 C kg 1 , E  1104 NC1 , s  2  102 m  v 2  2aS 
6.4  1027
 As S  2  102 m 
5 1
 v  2  1.8  1011  1 104  2  10 2  3.2  1011  32  1010 or v  4 2  10 m s .
166. Given : mass of charged drop
 8.5  106 m s 1 F = qE
m  9.9  1015 kg
161. Here, Q  3 nC  3  10 9 C , R  2 cm  2 102 m 4
Electric field E  3 10 V / m
At a point 3 cm from the centre, i.e., r  3 cm  3  102 m In steady state,
Electric force on a drop = weight of a drop
1 Q 9  109  3 109
 Electric field, E   mg 9.9  1015  10
40 r 2
  qE = mg or q  
2
3  102 
E 3  104
 3  104 V m 1  3.3 1018 C mg
162. The force acting on a particle of mass M and charge q in uniform  
ˆ ˆ ˆ 
168. Here, E  2i  3j  k N C , S  10iˆ m
1 2

electric field is given by F  qE or Ma  qE
qE qE
  
Electric flux, E  E.S ,  2iˆ  3jˆ  kˆ . 10iˆ  20N m C
2 1

 a and v = t   
M M  1 2p  1 p E ax
169. E ax  ; E eq    
1 2 1  qE  2 4 0 r 3 40 r 3 2
Using, S  ut  at , S  
2 2 M 
t  u  0   
 E ax  2E eq
Now, kinetic energy of particle, 170. When an electric dipole is placed in a region of non-uniform
1 1  qE 
2
 qE  electric field, it will experience both force and the torque.
T  Mv2  M  t  v  t 
2 2 M   M  171. The direction of electric field ( E ) at any point on the equatorial

line is opposite to the dipole moment ( p ). Thus the angle between
2  
1  qE  2 the p and E is 180°.
M r
T 2  M  T 1

 S 1  qE  2 , S  qE. 172. tan   tan 
 t 2 E 
2 M  According to given problem ....(i) Er
qE     90 ,   90   E
163. Here, u = 0, The acceleration of the particle is a 
m From (i) tan   2 tan   2 tan  90   
The velocity of the particle after time t is r
tan   2cot  , tan 2   2
 qE  qE
v  u  at  0  
 m
t 
 m
t
tan   2 ,   tan
1
 2 –q

+q

Kinetic energy of the particle after time t is 173. The direction of electric field intensity ( E ) at a point on the
2 
1 1  qEt  q2E 2 t 2 equatorial line of electric dipole of dipole moment ( p ) is
K  mv 2  m    
2 2  m  2m perpendicular to equatorial line and opposite to ( p ).
164. Let at a point P at a distance d from –2q charge at which the +q
qE
electric field is zero.
+8q –2q E2 P E1
E
x=0 x=l 174.
d
qE –q
1 8q 1 2q
E1  E 2 , 4  2 , 4d   l  d 
2 2 Net force on the dipole   qE  qE  0
 0  l  d  2
4 0 d
So, option (b) is correct.
2d  l  d, d  l Torque on the dipole,   pE sin   0
Hence, at x = 2l, the electric field is zero due to given charge Here, p, E and  are independent of choice of co-ordinates.
configuration. So, options (c) and (d) are correct.

165. Here, mass of –particle m   6.4  1027 kg 175. When an electric dipole of dipole moment p is placed in a uniform
 
Charge of –particle q   3.2  10 19 C external electric field E , it experiences a torque  and is given
  
by   p  E
36
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
 Charge on ring = q, centre of ring = O, Centre of sphere = O
In magnitude,   pE sin  where  is the angle between p and
   q
E . When p is perpendicular to E i.e.   90 , then Linear charge density of ring,  
  pE sin 90  pE  max imum. 2a
or max  pE 1 2
  Charge on arc AB of ring, q AB    arc AB   .a. ,
178. Here, rA  a  ˆi  2ˆj  3kˆ  , rB  a  ˆi  2jˆ  6kˆ  Displacement vector 2a 3
 from point A to B is q AB  q / 3
r i.e., charged enclosed by sphere = q/3
  
r  rB  rA =  a  ˆi  2ˆj  6kˆ   a  ˆi  2ˆj  3kˆ   a  4jˆ  3kˆ   Flux coming out of sphere  q / 30 .
Electric field due to an infinite plane sheet of uniform surface 186. Charge distribution will be as shown
P Q
  Field at point B q'
charge density  is E  nˆ –q'
2 0 q q' q' q' q'
where n̂ is a unit vector normal to the plane. Here, n̂  k. ˆ     q–q' q'
2A0 2A0 2A0 2A0
  ˆ
 E k q B
2 0  A
2A0
Work done in moving a charge q from A to B is 
    188. Force acting on the charged particle  qE
W  F.r  qE.r  F  qE  Work done in moving a distance S,
S
  ˆ 3aq 
 q k  .a  4ˆj  3kˆ   W  qE.S   qE   S  cos 
 2 0  2 0
10J   0.5C   E  2cos 60
180. The electric field at the point x = –a on the axis will be 60° E
   E  10  2  20 JC 1  20Vm 1
E  ˆi  189. Here, charge = q, electric field = E
40a
181. Since the charge –q is placed at Force on a charge q in a uniform electric field E is, F  qE
Q
the centre of the shell, therefore it will Work done  force  dis tan ce  qEY
induce a charge +q on the inner surface and r 190. Here, OB = 2m and OA = 2m
–q
charge –q on the outer surface of the shell. r
y
 Surface charge density on the inner B (+5C)
surface of the shell, (2,0)m
q
1 
4r12
Total charge on the outer surface of the shell = Q – q (+5C)
 Surface charge density on the outer surface of the shell, O
Qq (+2C) A(2,0)m x
2 
4r22 Work done  Ufinal  Uinitial ,
182. The surface charge density on the spherical shell is zero.
1  5    2  1  5    2 
183. Here, Diameter of the sphere, D = 1.2 m   0
4 0 2 4 0 2
D 1.2m
 Radius of the sphere, R    0.6m 191. The work done by an external force in bringing another charge q
2 2
Surface density of the sphere,   8.1C / m 2  8.1  106 C / m 2 from infinity upto the given point in the field of charge q is W  Vq
Charge on the sphere, Q  4R 2  8.1  106  4  3.14   0.6 2 + 1 q
192. Va due to q  4 . 
0 x l
a
 36.6  106 C q+
6 –1 q x
Q 36.6  10 C Va due to q  .
Electric flux, E   4 0  x  l  l
0 8.85  1012 C 2 / Nm 2 d l
b
6 2
 4.1 10 Nm / C q  1 1  r
 Va total  .   q–
184. According to Gauss’s law 4 0   x  l   x  l  
c
q inside
Electric flux, E  , Charge on –particle = 2e q 2l 2lq p
0 Va  .  Va   if l << x  
4 0  x 2  l 2  4 0 x 2 4  0 x 2
2e
 E 
0 q  1 1  2lq
Vc    
40   x  l   x  l   40 . x 2 
B sphere

 
O'
q 1 1
a Vd   due to +q and – q  0 , Vb  0
185. O 4 0 r r
 Va  Vc  Vb  Vd
ring
37
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
1 q 10C 5C
193. Since, Vinside  Vsurface  4 R O V1 V2 V3
197.
0
1 q
5 cm 10 cm 10 cm
10 cm
V 
and outside 4 r 15 cm
0 O1 10 cm O2
where q is the charge on the shell and R its radius.
 V1  V2  V3
Potential at the centre of the ring 1 is
194. Potential at ,V  0
Q 1 10  5  1 10 5 
Potential at the surface of the sphere, Vs  k V1  10  
R 40  10   10   40 10 10 2 
2 2

3 Q Potential at the centre of the ring 2 is

Potential at the centre of the sphere, Vc  k
2 R
1 5  10  1 5 10 
Let m and –q be the mass and the charge of the particle V2    
respectively. 40 10 10 2  10 2  40 10 10 2 
Let v0 = speed of the particle at the centre of the sphere.
1 Q Work done, W  q  V1  V2 
mv 2  q  V  Vs   qk
2 R q 10 5 5 10 
1 3 Q    
mv02  q  V  Vc   q. k 40 10 10 2 10 10 2 
2 2 R

v02 3 q 5 5  q 1 1 
   
Dividing,   1.5 or v0  1.5v 4 0 10 10 2  40  2 2 2 
v2 2
q  1  q  2  1
195. P  1   
80  2  80  2 
d 198. The electric potential inside the conductor is same as that at the
1 q 1 q
surface. Hence, V     
40  R  4 0  10 
L 1 q 2 1 q  2V
Outside potential is given by V '    
40 15 3  4 0 10  3
Electric potential due to a thin non-conducting rod of length L
199. The electric potential at point P is
has a positive charge of uniform linear density  at a point P, a
+q
perpendicular distance d from the one end of the rod is
3R
 1/ 2 
ln  L   L  d  
 2 2 6R -q
V 7 p
4 0  d  q 2R
Here   10 12 12
C / m,0  8.8 10 F/ m
L  50cm  0.5m,d  1.0cm  0.01m
1 
q q q 
    q  7  3  2   1 q
1012  0.5   2 1/ 2  VP  6 2R 3R
 0.5    0.01  
2 4 0  R  4 0 R 
V ln  6  40 R
7 
4  3.14  8.8  1012  0.01 
200. O be the centre and a be the side of a regular hexagon
= 0.04V
196. The situation is as shown in the figure. +q
a –q
q P Q y
According to the problem, 1  2   a a a ET a
q EQ
E R
q1
  or q  4R 2 –q u u E r O +q
 R a EP a
4R 2 1 O a a
r a ES a
q2 T S
and   or q 2  4r 2 +q a –q x
4r 2
Electric potential at the common centre O is V  V1  V2 Since electric field is a vector quantity, therefore resultant electric
field at point O be the vector sum of electric field due to charges
1 q1 1 q2 1  q1 q 2 
     at points P, Q, R, S, T and U. The electric field at point O due
4 0 R 40 r 4 0  R r 
to charge +q at point P is
1  4R 2 4r 2  4  1 q
EP  along OS

40  R
   4 R  r     R  r  4 0 a 2
r  0

38
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

1 q 1 q Change in electric potential, dV  E.d r
Similarly, E Q  4 2 along OQ , E R  4 2 along OU
0 a 0 a   8.0  104 ˆi  .0.30iˆ  2.4  104 V
1 q 1 q
ES  along OS , E T  along OQ 204. Here, Mass of the particle, m  1.96  1015 kg
40 a 2 40 a 2
Distance between the plates, d = 0.02 m
1 q
EU  along OU Potential difference between the plates, V = 400 V
4 0 a 2 The electric field between the plates is
 Resultant electric field at point O is, E  E 2x  E 2y E 
V 400V
 2  104 Vm 1
d 0.02m
  4E 'cos 60  2E ' 2   2E 'sin 60  2E 'sin 60  2 Let the charge on the particle be q.
 1 q  As the particle is in equilibrium,
 where E '  4 2   Upward force on the particle due to electric field
 0 a 
= Weight of the particle ___________
  2E ' 2E ' 2   2E 'sin 60  2E 'sin 60 2  0 mg
qE  mg or q =
Potential is a scalar quantity. E
E
 Potential at point O due to the given charge configuration is
1 q q q q q q  q
1.96 10 kg  9.8m s2 
15

V     
4 0  a a a a a a 
0  2 104 Vm1
201. Let Q1 and Q2 are the charges on sphere of radii R1 and R2  9.6  1019 C  6  1.6  10 19 C  6e  e  1.6  1019 C 
respectively. F 3000N
Ch arg e 205. As E    1000NC1.
Surface charge density   q 3C
Area dr  1 cm  102 m
According to given problem, 1  2
dV  E  dr   1000  102  10V
Q1 Q2 Q R2
  1  12 .......(i)
4R12 4R 22 Q2 R 2

1 Q 206.
In case of a charged sphere, Vs 
40 R
1 Q1 1 Q2 In the direction of electric field, electrical potential decreases.
 V1  , V2  Q1 Q2
4 0 R1 4 0 R 2  VC  VA  VB  VD or VC  VD ,VA  VB

V1 Q1 R 2 Q1 R 2
R1 R2 207. Here, E   5iˆ  3jˆ  kV/m
or    
V2 R1 Q 2 Q 2 R1 rB
  10,3,0 
VB  VA    E.dr     5iˆ  3jˆ  . dxiˆ  dyjˆ  dzkˆ 
2 V1 R1
V1  R 1   R 2   rA  4,0,3
   , (Using (i))
V2  R 2   R 1  V2 R 2 10 3
4  3 y 0
3
   5dx    3 dy  0  5 x 10
202. The potential of Q at the surface A
4 0
1 Q Q
 . . A  5 10  4   3  3  0   30  9  21kV
4 0 R R
q R
The potential of q at the surface A
B A B
r 208. Q
1 q
 .
4 0 R
Q Q
Eqn. (i) VA  ;VB 
4 0 R 40R
 1  Q q 
 Potential at A, VA  4  R  R   Work done, WAB  q  VB  VA   0
 0  In other words, if a charge is moved from one point to another
1 Q
The potential at B is due to Q (inside)  4 . R over an equipotential work done will be zero
0 209. Mass of each charged particle = m
1 q
The potential at B due to q  4 . r . Let potential difference be V.
0 The energy of charge +q when passing through potential difference
1 Q q 1
Potential at B, VB  4    . V, E  qV  mv 2
0R r 2
The energy of charge +4q when passing through potential
1 q q 
 VB  VA  .   1
4 0  r R  difference V, E '  4qV  mv '2
2

203. Here, E  8.0  104 ˆi V/m , dr  0.30iˆ m E v2 qV 1 v 1
    or 
E ' v '2 4qV 4 v' 2
39
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

Q  q  Q  q  10 20
210. Here, U1  q '2  C2 V  4 0  0.2   
; U2  40  0.3 3
4 0 r 4 0  r / 2 
Q  q   1 2  Qq 1' q1' 4r22
2
q1'  r2 
U1  U 2    9 10 3  0.2  2 1
4 0 r  r r  4 0 r .....(i)    ' r        4  2 :1
'2 4r1 2
q '2 q2  1  3 20  0.1  2
When negative charge travels first half of distance, i.e., r/4,
0 A
Q  q  Qq 4 219. Capacity of a parallel plate capacitor, C  .....(i)
potential energy of the system U 3    d
4 0  3r / 4  40 r 3 When plate separation is increased and a dielectric is inserted, its
Q  q  Qr 4 capacity becomes 3C.
 Work done  U1  U3     0 KA  0KA
4 0 r 4 0r 3
 3C  d '  2d  d '  2d 
Qq 1 9
    3J K
4  0 r 3 3 3C  C [Using eqn. (i)]
2
–q +Q –q Hence, K = 6
211. x x
Total potential energy of the system is
1   q    Q    Q   q   q  q   Air Paper
U   K=4
4 0  x x 2x

 t
220.
1  qQ qQ q 2  1  2qQ q 2  VA
        VP
40  x x 2x  4  0 x 2x  d
As per question, U = 0 Here, d = 1 mm, t = 0.75 mm
The given capacitor is equivalent to a two capacitors are connected
2qQ q 2 2qQ q 2 Q 1 in series. As in series charge on each capacitor is same,
   0 ,  or 
x 2x x 2x q 4
 QA  Q P , where the subscripts A and P refer air and paper
214. Electrostatic potential energy of the system of charges is respectively.
Q
1  Qq Qq q 2  Thus, CA VA  CP VP
U   
40  a a a  0KA
a a
1 VA C P K  d  t  4  0.25mm  4
U  2Qq  q 2    t   
4 0  VP C A 0 A t 0.75mm 3
Given, U = 0
+q +q
d  t 
a
 2Qq  q 2  0  Q  q / 2 221. The capacitance of the air filled parallel plate capacitor is given
215. For linear isotropic dielectric, Polarization P  e E 0 A
by C  .....(i)
where e is a constant characteristic of the dielectric and is d
When a slab of dielectic constant K, and thickness t is introduced
known as theelectric susceptibility of the dielectric medium. in between the plates of the capacitor, its new capacitance is
216. In steady state, 0A
20  20  C' 
d  t  1  
8F given by, 1
 K
4 4 Since a metal sheet of thickness d/2 is introduced, hence here,
 1
t  d / 2, K   (for metals) or 0
K
I  A 2 A
5V 1 5V 1  C'  0  0
d d .....(ii)
5 d
Current in the circuit, I   1A 2
4 1 Hence, from eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
Voltage across each branch, V  I  4 or 5 – I  1  4V
Hence charge on capacitor, q  CV  8  4  32C 2 0 A
C' 2
0 A   d   2 :1
217. As  4 0 R C 0 A 1
d d
A  2
d  6 / 2  2.25  102 cm  2.25  104 m 222. The two condensers with K and with air are in parallel. With air,
4R 4 100 
 3A  30 A
q1  q2 10  0 10 C1  0  
218. Common potential, V    d 4  4d
C1  C2 40  0.1  0.2 40  0.3
0K  A  0 AK
10 10 With medium, C 2   
q1'  C1V  4 0  0.1   d 4 4d
Charges after contact ,
4 0  0.3 3
 C'  C1  C2
40
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

30A 0 AK 0A  3 K  C P
R
or C'       K  3
4d 4d d  4 4  4 C C
C C
229.
C Q
or C '   K  3 S
4 C C
223. Let the capacitance of air filled parallel plate capacitor be C. The equivalent circuit diagram of the given circuit as shown in
Then capacitance of dielectric filled capacitor is KC. the figure.
C
P R C

C C
KC C

Q
C S C
V
2C C
C  KC KC P
 Equivalent capacitance, Ceq  
C  KC  K  1
KCV Q
Charge in the circuit, q  Ceq V  C 2C
 K  1
q KV 2
 Potential difference of air filled capacitor is V'   C
C  K  1 3
P
224. Given capacitors can be rearranged as
C 2
C
3
C Q
 
X Y X C 2C Y X 2 Y The equivalent capacitance between points P and Q is
C
3 2 2 4
C Ceq  C  C  C
 A 2 2 0A 3 3 3
Here C  0  C XY  C  6V
d 3 3 d
C V  C2V2 A
225. Common potential, V  1 1 2F 3F
C1  C2 230. B
Here, C1  10 pF, V1  200V
C2  20 pF, V2  100V 16 V
Here, 2F and 3F capacitors are connected in series. Their
10  1012  200  20  1012  100 1 1 1 6
 V equivalent capacitance is   or CS  F
10  20   10 12 CS 2 3 5
4000 Net voltage, V  16V  6V  10V
 V  133.3 V
30 The equivalent circuit diagram as shown in figure below.
226. The plates P and Q will form one capacitor and plates Q and R
will form another capacitor. These two capacitors are connected A– +
in parallel as shown in the figure. Their effective capacitance is 2F 3F
B + –
 0A 0 A 3 0 A V
Ceq   
d 2d 2 d 10 V
Q Q
q 2qd d 6
Potential of plate Q is V  
2d Charge on each capacitor, q  CSV   10  12 C
Ceq 3 0 A
P R 5
12C
Here, A  2.0m 2 ,d  2  103 m The potential difference between A and B is    6V
2F

q  8.85  108 C, 0  8.85 1012 C2 N 1m2 C 2C 10V

8 3 231.
2  8.85  10 C  2  10 m 20
 V  V  6.67V
3  8.85  1012 C2 N 1m 2  2m2 3
In figure, the two capacitors are in series. Therefore, their
228. The given arrangement of nine plates is equivalent to the parallel
equivalent capacitance is
combination of 8 capacitors. The capacity of each capacitor is
1 1 1 1 1 3 2C
     Cs 
0A 8.85  1012  5  104 Cs C1 C 2 C 2C 2C or 3
C   0.5 pE
d 0.885  102 As the capacitors are connected in series, therefore, charge on
each capacitor is same.
The capacity of 8 capacitors  8C  8  0.5 pF  4 pF
2C 26
Hence, q  Cs  V  V  10  40 C
3 3
41
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
232. Capacitors C1 and C2 are in parallel, their equivalent capacitance 3 F 4 F
+ – + –
is in series with capacitor C3. Hence, the equivalent capacitance + – + –

of the given circuit is C eq 

 C1  C2  C3
C1  C 2  C3 237.
6V 6V
V  C1  C 2  C3 (i) Initially
Charge on capacitor C3 is Q  VCeq 
C1  C 2  C3 As Q = CV
 Initially the charge on each capacitor is
Q V  C1  C2 
Voltage across C3 is   Q1  C1V1   3 F   6 V   18 C and
C3 C1  C 2  C3
Q 2  C2 V2   4 F   6 V   24 C
233. Let Q1 and Q 2 are the charges on two conductors.
When two capacitors are joined to each other such that negative
 Q1  C1V1 and Q2  C2V2 plate of one is attached with the positive plate of the other. The
Q1  Q2 C1V1  C2 V2 charges Q1 and Q 2 are redistributed till they attain the common
Common potential   potential which is given by
C1  C2 C1  C 2
234. The amount of work done in increasing the voltage across the 3 F
– + Q1
plates of capacitor is stored in the form of electrostatic energy. – +
1 1
 W  U 2  U1  CV22  CV12
2 2
4 F
1 75 Q2 + –
W  C 102  52   C .......(i)
2 2 + –
Similarly, work done in increasing the voltage from 10 V to 15 V (ii) When connected
1 125
is W '  C 152  102   C .......(ii) Common potential, V 
Total charge 24C  18C 6
2 2   V
Total capacitance 3F  4F 7
W ' 125 Final energy stored,
From eqns. (i) and (ii),  or W '  1.67W 2
W 75
 C1  C2  V 2  3  106  4 106    
1 1 6
Uf 
235. Let q be charge on each small drop of radius r. If R is radius of 2 2  
7
4 3 4 1 6 36 6
big drop, then R  1000  r 3   7  10   2.57  10 J
3 3 2 49
 R  10 r and C'  10 C 0 A
238. Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is C  .....(i)
2 d
q2 1000q  where A is the area of each plate and d is the distance between
Initial energy, E1  1000  , Final energy, E 2 
2C 2C the plates.
E 2 1000  C 1 1 2
  1000   100 Initial energy stored in the capacitor, U i  CV .....(ii)
E1 C' 10 2
When the separation between the plates is doubled, its capacitance
236. Let QC be original charge of the capacitor and C be capacitance
0 A 1  0A C
of the capacitor. becomes C '    (Using (i)) ......(iii)
2d 2 d 2
1 Q2 As the battery is disconnected, so charged capacitor becomes
 Initial energy stored in the capacitor is U  .....(i) isolated and charge on it will remain constant,
2 C
 Q '  Q , C'V'  CV (As Q = CV)
When an additional charge of 2C is given to a capacitor, its
C C
charge on the capacitor becomes Q '  Q  2 V'   V  V  2V
C'
   C .....(iv)
.....(ii)  
2
2
1 Q' Final energy stored in the capacitor,
Now energy stored in the capacitor is U '  .....(iii)
2 C 1 1C
U f  C'V '2     2V   CV 2
2
21 121 ....(v)
2 2 2 
As per question U '  U  U U
100 100 (Using (iii) and (iv))
1 1
1 Q '2 121  1 Q 2  Required work done, W  U f  U i  CV 2  CV 2  CV 2
    (Using (i) and (iii)) 2 2
2 C 100  2 C  239. Here, C1  600 pF  600  1012 F
121 2 11 11 C 2  300 pF  300  10 12 F , V1  200V
Q '2  Q or Q '  Q , Q  2  Q (Using (ii))
100 10 10 Initial electrostatic energy stored in C1 is
10  Q  2   11Q , 10Q  20  11Q or Q = 20 C
1 1
 
U i  C1V12   600  1012   200   12  106 J
2 2
2

42
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

Charge on the 600 F capacitor, Q1  C1V1

NCERT
 600 1012  200C
When 600 pF capacitor is disconnected from the supply and is 8. As electric field increases in positive z-direction from A to B, So
connected to another uncharged 300 pF capacitor, the charge is A p B
shared between them till both attain the common potential which +q –q
is given by FA   q E A FB   q E B
Q1  Q 2 2a
 Common potential, V  C  C dE
1 2 EB  EA  .2a
dr
C1V1  0 600  1012  200 400 So, the net force on the electric dipole in electric field is
V   V
C1  C2  600  300   10 12
3
Fnet  FB  FA  q  E B  E A 
Final electrostatic energy in both capacitors,
 dE 
2 Fnet  q  E A  .2a  E A 
1 1  400   dr 
U f   C1  C2  V 2   600  300  1012 )    
2 2  3  dE dE
Fnet  q.2a  p.
 8 106 J dr dr
Loss of electrostatic energy  Ui  Uf Fnet  107  105 or Fnet  102 N

 12  8 106 J  4 106 J directed in direction of FB i.e., from B to A or along - z direction.
240. When a charging battery is disconnected and a glass slab is As the two forces on charges of electric dipole are collinear and
introduced between the plates, then opposite, so net torque on it is equal to zero.
(i) Charge remains the same. 9. Inside a charged conductor, the electric field is zero.
(ii) Capacitance increases.
(iii) Potential difference across the plates decreases. A
(iv) Energy stored decreases. B
E=0
241. The capacitances of two are C1  40 R and C 2  40  2R 

Q2 Q2
Initial energy  Ei  , Final energy  E f  But a uniformly charged flat surface provide an electric field
2C1 2C2

Heat produced =  E i  E f 20 normal to its plane.

Q2  1 1  1 Q2  1  1 Q2 /2 0
    . 1   .
2  40 R 2  40 R  4 0 2R  2  40 4R +++
0 A /2 0
242. Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is C  ....(i)
d
where A is the area of a plate and d is the distance between them. If we consider a small flat part on the surface of charged
1 
Energy stored in a capacitor is U  CV 2 conductor, it certainly provides an electric field 2 inside the
2 0
Energy stored per unit volume of a capacitor is conductor, which is nullified by an equal field due to rest of
1 charged conductor.
CV 2
U 1   A  V2 
uE  2   0  (Using (i))
Volume Ad 2  d  Ad 2 0

1 V
2 /0
 0   /0
2 d

1 C1C2 Now if a hole is made in charged conductor, the field due to small
243. Loss of energy   V1  V2 2
2  C1  C 2  flat part is absent but the field due to rest of charged conductor

1 5  5  1012 is present i.e., equal to n̂
  2000  1000 2 20
2  5  5  106
10. Let the point at which the charged particle enters the electric
5  5 1 5 field, be origin O (0, 0), then after travelling a horizontal
   1.25 J displacement L, it gets deflected by displacement y in vertical
2  10 4
direction as it comes out of electric field.

43
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

So, co-ordinates of its initial position are x1  0 and y1  0 and 12. As electric field is conservative field, so work done in moving a
final position on coming out of electric field are x 2  L and y 2  y charge in electric field is independent of path chosen to move the
charge in electric field and depends only on the electric potential
difference between the two end points. So
y R(0,6,9)cm
x x2 = L
–q Q
E y (0,4 0) cm
+++++++++++++++++
L O z
q = +8mc P (0,0,3)cm

 1 q 1 q 
F qE WPQ  q 0  VQ  Vp   q 0   
Components of its acceleration are ax = 0 and a y   and  40 rOQ 40 rOP 
m m
of initial velocity are u x   x and u y  0 qq 0  1 1 
or WPQ    
so, by 2nd equation of motion in horizontal direction, 40  OQ rOP 

1 1 1 1
y 2  y1  u x t  a x t 2  9  109  8  10 3 C   2  109 C       2
2  4 3  10
or L  0  ux t  0 3 4 
 144  101     12 10
1
L  12 
t ...(i)
ux WPQ  1.2J.
and by 2nd equation of motion in vertical direction, 13. In Figure, A is a long charged cylinder of linear charge density ,
1 lenth  and radius a. A hollow co-axial conducting cylinder B of
y 2  y1  u y t  a y t 2 length  and radius b surrounds A.
2
2 The charge q = spreads uniformly on the outer surface of A.
1 qE  L 
or y  0  0  . .  ...(i) It induces –q charge on the cylinder B, which spreads on the
2 m  x  
inner surface of B. An electric field E is produced in the space
qEL2 between the two cylinders, which is directed radially outwards.
or y
2m2x Let us consider a co-axial cylindrical Gaussian surface of radius r.
The electric flux through the cylindrical Gaussian surface is
This gives the vertical deflection of the particle at the far edge of
the plate.

11. C1  600pE,V1  200 V,C2  600pE,V2  0 A B

+ +
On connecting charged capacitor to uncharged capacitor, the + +
common potential V across the capacitors is + a+
+ +r
C1V1  C 2 V2 600  1012  200  0 + +
V  + + b
C1  C 2  600  600   1022 + +
+ +
or V  100V + +
Energy stored in capacitors before connection is

E   E.ds   Edscos 0 E  ds  E  2r 
1 1
u i  C1V12  0   600  1012  2002
2 2 The electric flux through the end faces of the cylindrical Gaussian

or ui  12 J surface is zero, as E is parallel to them. According to Gauss’ss

and energy stored in capacitors after connection is q 

theorem, E  E  2r   
 0 0
1 1 
uf   C1  C2  V 2   600  600   1012  1002 E
2 2 2 0 r
or u f  6J 14. VP  VPA  VPB  VPC  VPD
Hence the energy lost in the process is 1  q q q q 
VP    
  u f  u i   6  12  J or u  6 J
or 40  r  a r r r  a 

44
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

q  r r  a   2r2  a2   r r  a   or C  5.5  109 F

or VP   
40  r  r2  a 2   (b) Electric potential of inner sphere is

q  r 2  ra  2r 2  2a 2  r 2  ra  VB  VBB  VBA
or VP   
40  r  r2  a2   1  Q Q Q  r1  r2 
   
4 0 k  r2 r1  40 k  r1r2 
1 q.2a 2 1 p.a
or VP   2
40 r  r  a  4 0 r  r  a 2 
2 2 2 9  109 13  12  10
 2.5  106  
32  13  12  10 4
r
For  or r  a
a  4.5  102 V.
1 pa 1 (c) Capacitance of isolated sphere of radius 12 cm is
Vp  3
or Vp  3 .
4 0 r r
1
However, electric potential at any point on axis of electric dipole C0  40r2  12  102
9  109
1 p 1
is V  or V  2 and due to point charge is
4 0 r 2 r or C0  1.3 1011 F
1 q 1 Here C  C0 , because a single conductor A can be charged to a
V or V 
4 0 r r electric potential till it reaches the breakdown value of
15. Minimum number of capacitors that must be connected in series surroundings. But when another earthed metallic conductor B is
1000V brought near it negative charge induced on it decreases the electric
in a row are n   2.5  3
potential on A, hence more charge can not be stored on A.
400V
capacitance of 3 capacitors in series in a row is 18. (a) Planes parallel to x-y plane or normal to the electric field in
1 z-direction.
C '  F
3 (b) Planes parallel to x-y plane or normal to the electric field in
Minimum number of rows of 3 capacitors each to be connected z-direction, but the planes having different fixed potentials
will become closer with increase in electric field intensity.
in parallel to obtain net capacitance of 2 F are
(c) Concentric spherical surfaces with their centres at origin.
2F
m 6 (d) A time dependent changing shape nearer to grid, and at far
1
F off distances from the grid, it slowly becomes planar and
3
parallel to the grid.
So minimum number of capacitors required are m  n  6  3  18
19. V  15  106 V,E  5  107 V m 1
16. C1  4F, V1  200V,C2  2F, V2  0
So, common potential difference across the two capacitors after 1 q 1 q
As V  and E 
connection is 4  0 R 4  0 R 2
C1V1  C 2V2 4  106  200  0
V   133.33V V 15  106
C1  C 2  4  2   106 R   3  101 m
E 5 107
Initially, total energy stored in capacitors before connection is
or R  0.3m  30 cm.
1 1
u i  C1V12   4  106  2002  0.08 J 20. Since positive charges q2 and q 3 exert a net force in the
2 2
+x-direction on the charge q1 fixed along the x-axis, the charge q1
and total energy stored in capacitors after connection is
is negative. Obviously. due to addition of positive charge Q at
1 1
uf   C1  C2  V 2   4  2   106  133.332 (x, 0), the force on –q shall increase along the positive x-axis.
2 2
or u f  0.053J Y
+q 2
So, energy lost due to connection is
u  u f  u i  0.053  0.08
u  0.027 J. +Q
or
X
r1  13 cm, r2  12 cm,K  32,Q  2.5 C –q3 (x,0)
17.
(a) Capacitance of capacitor is

4 0kr1r2 1  32 13  102  12  102 +q 3

C  
r1  r2 9  109 13  12   102

45
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
21. When a point positive charge is brought near an isolated conducting
sphere, the nearer side of it induces negative charge and father
side positive. Now, electric field lines start from the positive
charge and end at the negative charge. Also, the field lines are 27.
normal to the conductor. Figure (i) is the best representation.
22.(5)The electric field lines represent a non-uniform electric field.
Since the spacing between lines is greater on right, so, the electric
field is more strong at left than that at right. Hence, the force on
negative charge will be more and towards left. So, the dipole will
experience of force towards left.
23. When a point charge +q is placed at a distance d from an isolated
conducting plane, the surface of the plane towards the charge
induces negative charge and an equal positive charge develops on
the opposite side of the plane. So, the field at a point P on the
other side of the plane is away from the plane and directed
perpendicular to the surface.
24. Total charge enclosed by the gaussian surface is
Q  3  0.20 2  109  0.346  10 9 m
Q   Q   2Q  . So, total flux through the surface is  . As
0
charge +5Q is outside the Gaussian surface, the electric flux due
(d) Similarly, when charge q is placed at D, the mid point of B
and C, it is being shared equally by 2 cubes. Therefore, total
flux through the faces of the given cube  q / 2 0
(i) Chlorine atom at the centre of the cube is attracted equally
by eight cesium atoms at the eight corners of the cube.
Symmetry shows that these forces would cancel out in pairs.
Therefore, net electric field on Cl atom due to eight Cs
atoms is zero.
(ii) Removing a positive Cs atom at the corner A is equivalent
to adding singly charged negative Cs ion at that location.
 Net force,
e2
F
4 0 r 2
where r = distance between the Cl ion and a Cs ion.
  0.20  2   0.20 2   0.20 2  10 9
 9 
Hence, F  9  10 1.6  10
19  2

to it is zero. The electric field on the surface of the sphere is due

to all the charges and is not constant because the distribution of
 0.346 109 2
charges is not same for each and every point.  1.92  109 N
25. At the centre of the ring, E = 0. When a positive charge This force is directed from A to Cl–.
(q > 0) is displaced away from the centre in the plane of the ring, 28. Let the charge 2q be placed at P, at a distance x from A where
say to the right, force of repulsion on q, due to charge on right charge q is placed . The charge 2q will not experience any force,
half increases and due to charge on left decreases. Therefore, when force of repulsion on it due to q is balanced by force of
charge q is pushed back towards the centre. When charge q is attraction on it due to 3q, at B, where AB = d.
negative (q < 0), force is of attractive nature. Therefore, charge q  
i.e., FPA  FPB
displaced to the right continues moving to the right till it hits the
ring.  2q  q 2q  3q 

Along the axis of the ring, at a distance r from the centre, 4 0 x 2 40  x  d 2

E
Qr or  x  d  2  3x 2 or 2x 2  2xd  d 2  0.
3/ 2
40  r 2  a 2 
2d  4d 2  8d 2 d 3d
If charge q is negative (q < 0), it will perform SHM for small x  
4 2 2
displacement along the axis.
d  3d d
26. (a) In figure when a charge q is placed at corner A of the cube, it x  1  3 
2 2
is being shared equally by 8 cubes. Therefore, total flux
The position P of the charge 2q is on the left side of charge q at
through the faces of the given cube  q / 8 0 .
A
    
29. (i) Let E AO , E BO , E CO , E DO and E EO represent the electric
fields at O due to the five charges (q each) placed at A, B,
C C, D and E respectively. Since we can represent these fields
by the sides of another regular pentagon taken in the same
D order,
     
B E AO  E BO  E CO  E DO  E EO  0 .... (i)
A
(ii) When charge on one of the corners (say A) is removed,
 
E AO  0
(b) When the charge q is placed at B, middle point of an edge of
the cube, it is being shared equally by 4 cubes. Therefore, Thus, resultant electric field at O, i.e.,
     
total flux through the faces of the given cube  q / 4 0 . E R  E BO  E CO  E DO  E EO  E AO [from eqn. (i)]
(c) When the charge q is placed at C, the centre of a face of the  
or E R  E OA
cube, it is being shared equally by 2 cubes. Therefore, total
flux through the faces of the given cube  q / 2 0 .
46
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
  
Thus, the resultant electric field E R   E OA  acts along OA. 
 Q  q2  q
 1 0
 2 0S 2 0S
1 q
Also, E OA  4  2  q1  q 2  Q
0 a
(iii) If the charge q at A is replaced by –q, then resultant electric Further, q1  q 2  Q  q
field at O, i.e.,  q1  Q  q / 2
     
E R  E OA   E BO  ECO  E DO  E EO  and q 2  q / 2

(negative sign with E AO is due to charge q being replaced by –q) Thus the charges on  and  are Q + q/2 and q/2, respectively..
   (c) Let the velocity be  at the distance d after the collision. If
or E R   E AO  E AO [from eqn. (i)]
   m is the mass of the plate  , then the gain in K.E. over the
i.e., E R  2E AO  2E OA round trip must be equal to the work done by the electric
  field.
Thus, the resultant electric field E R   2E AO  acts along OA.
After the collision, the electric field at  is
  1 2q 
Also E 'R  2E OA  4 2 q Q  q / 2 ˆ q / 2 ˆ
E2   xˆ  x x
0 a 2 0S 20S 20S
(b) The answer remains unaffected and is the same as (a).
The work done when the plate  is released till the collision is
Q F1d where F1 is the force on plate  before collision.
30. (a) The electric field acting on plate  due to plate  is  x̂
S20
The work done after the collision till it reaches d is F2d where F2
   is the force on plate  after collison.

Q  q Q E q 1/ 2 2
F1  E1Q  and F2  2 
20S 2 20S
 Total work done is
1 1
Q  q  Q   q / 2 2 ]d   Q  q / 2 2 d
20S 20S
d d
 1/2  m2   Q  q / 2 2
20S
–Q q Q
1/ 2
q  d 
   Q  q / 2  
The electric field acting on plate  due to plate  is S2 x̂  m 0S 
0
Hence, the net electric field is 31. From figure, it is clear that
 Q  q    f = force between charges q and –q (at A and B)
E1   x̂
2 0S = force between charges q and –q (at A and C)
(b) During the collision, plates  &  are together and hence 1 q2

must be at one potential. Suppose the charge on  is q1 and on 4 0  d 2  x 2 
 is q2. Consider a point O. The electric field here must be zero. f sin  A(q) f sin 
 
f   f
°O F

d2  x2
q1 q2 x

d d
B(–q) O C(–q)
Q Net force acting on charge q (at A) towards midpoint O,
Electric field at O due to    x̂
20S i.e., F  f cos   f cos   2f cos 
q1
Electric field at O due to   x̂  1  q2  x 
20S    2 
 0  d  x   d  x 
2 2 2 2

q2
Electric field at O due to    x̂  1  q2x
20S F
or 
 20   d 2  x 2 
3/ 2

47
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

When x  d,  d 2  x 2 
3/ 2
 d3 or a  2z

Qq
 1  q2x  q 2  where 2 
Thus, F    3   x 4 0 mR 3
3
 2 0  d  20 d  Qq
Acceleration produced in charge q (at A), i.e., or 
4 0 mR 3
F  q  2
Since acceleration of charge +q is proportional to the displacement
a  x
m  20 d3  (z) from the fixed point O (centre of the ring) and is directed
or a  2 x towards it, the charge +q executes simple harmonic oscillation.
(b) Time period of SHM possessed by charge +q is given by
2 q2 2
where  
2 0 md 3 T

q2 From eqns. (i) and (ii),
or  3 ...(i)
2 0 md
4 0 mR 3
Since acceleration of charge q is proportional to the displacement T  2
Qq
(x) and is directed towards a fixed point O (which is the centre of
33. No current flows in upper arm of the circuit.
two other charges), it posseses a simple harmonic motion. The
time period of the simple harmonic motion performed by q is Current in lower arm of the circuit,
given by E 2.5
I   1A
2 R  r 2  0.5
T ....(ii)
  Terminal potential difference of battery,
From eqns. (i) and (ii), V  E  I r  2.5  1  0.5  2V
So, charge on the capacitor plates, Q = CV
2 0 md3 83 0 md 3
T  2 
q 2
q 2  4 F  2 V  8 C
Z(axis of ring) 34. Work done in carrying a charge q from point A to point B

+q W  q  VB  VA  .

E In all figures, VA  20 V and VB  40 V

z
–Q  W  q  40  20   20q.
R 35. S1 it true, S2 is also true as potential inside the charged conducting
Y
O sphere is equal to the potential on its surface.
32. (a)
Ring dV d
Now, as E    100V   0 .
dr dr

X So, S1 is the cause of S2.

Electric field due to ring at the location of charge +q on the
36. Initially, when K1 is closed and K2 is opened, C1 gets charged to
Z-axis, i.e.,
potential E possessing a charge Q = C1E. When K1 is opened
 1  Qz and K2 is closed, battery gets disconnected from the circuit and
E  
 4  0   R  z2 
2 3/ 2
C 1 and C 2 gets connected in parallel. Charge on C 1 gets
 redistributed such that V1 = V2. Also, as there is no loss of
Since the ring negatively charged, E acts along –Z axis.
charge, Q1  Q2  Q.
Force acting on the charge +q, i.e.,
37. Situation A: Since Key K is kept closed, so V remains same. As
 1  Qqz
F  qE    the plates of capacitors are moved apart, C changes and hence Q
 4  0   R  z2 
2 3/ 2
changes.
When z  R,  R 2  z 2 
3/ 2
 R3 Situation B : Since key K is opened, the charge on the plates Q
remains same. But C changes as the plates are moved apart and
 1  Qqz  Qq  hence V changes.
Thus, F    3  3 z
 40  R  40 R 
Figure shows two point charges, +q at A   ,0,0  and –q at
d
Acceleration produced in the charge +q, i.e., 38.
 2 
F  Qq   d 
a  3 z B  ,0,0  with centre at O. Let the equipotential surface (with
m  4 0 mR  2 
V = 0) be at a distance x from the origin O.

48
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
z
y Q1' 5 Q'2 5
P 1    and 2 
2
 
x 4R 3 4  2R  2 6
41. When K1 is closed and K2 is open.
h C =6C K1
–q
Q1 1
+q d 
 d  O B  ,0,0  Q2
B   , 0, 0  x  2  E = 9V C2=3C
 2  V2
d/2 d/2
The potential at any point P on the surface at a height h from
AB is 1 V1 C 2 3C 1
As V  ,    and V1  V2  9V,
q q C V2 C1 6C 2
V 1/ 2
 1/ 2  V1  3V, V2  6V
40  x  d / 2 2  h 2  4 0  x  d / s  2  h 2 
Clearly, Q1  C1V1   6 F   3V   18 C
q and Q 2  C2V2   3 F   6V   18 C
If V = 0, then
4 0  x  d / 2 2  h  2 1/ 2 When K1 is opened and K2 is closed.
q As final charge on C2 + final charge on C3 = initial charge on C2,
 1/ 2
40  x  d / 2 2  h 2  Q'2  Q3  18 C
K1
or  x  d / 2 2  h 2   x  d / 2 2  h 2 C2V  C3V  18 C
d2 d2
or x2   xd  x 2   xd 18C 18C
4 4 or V  C  C  3F  3F  3V C2 Q'2 Q3 C3
2 3
or 2xd = 0 and x = 0
39. When the disc is in touch with the bottom plate, the entire plate  Q'2  C2V   3 F  3 V   9C
is a equipotential. A charge q’ is transferred to the disc.
and Q3  C3V  (3 F)  3V   9 C
V
The electric field on the disc is   Thus, charge on C1  18 C, charge on C2  9 C, charge on
d
V 2 C3  9 C
 q '  0 r
d 42. In the figure (a), two charge –q each are shown at A and B, where
The force acting on the disc is AB = 2d. A charge +q is kept at mid point O of AB.OP = x is
small displacement of –q +q –q
V V2
  q '  0 2 r 2 charge. Potential energy
d d O P
of +q charge at P due to A B
If the disc is to be lifted, then x
the two charges –q each is 2d
V2 2 mgd 2 Figure (a)
0 r  mg  V  2
d2 0 r 2 1  q2 q2  u  q 2d
u     , .... (i)
40.  Before contact, charges on the two spheres are 40  d  x d  x  4 0  d 2  x 2 

Q1  4R 2 , and Q2  4  2R 2  4 Q1 The potential energy (u) versus x graph is as shown in figure (b).
When the two spheres are brought in contact, their charges are u
shared till their potentials become equal.
If Q'1 and Q'2 are final charges on the two spheres after contact, O x
then as V1  V2

Q1' Q'2
  Q'2  2Q1' ...(i)
4 0 R 40  2R 
As there is no loss of charge in the process, therefore, Figure (b)
Q1'  Q'2  Q1  Q2  Q1  4Q1  5Q1  5 .4R2  du 2
q  2d  2x
Now  2
0 .....(ii)
40 
using (i), Q1'  2Q1'  5  4  R 2 d  x2 
dx 2

5 10 x  0 is an equilibrium point
Q1'   4R 2 and Q '2  2Q1'   4R 2
3 3
2q 2
Hence, From (i), u 0 
40 d '

49
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)

d 2u 2dq 2   d2 8x 2  4 3
R  27  r3   R  3r
4
      6. ...(1)
dx 2  40    d 2  x 2 
Now 2
 d 2  x 2  
3 3 3 
Kq V  q  r 
d 2u  2dq 2  1 V  1   1  2 
3  2  d  x   8x 
  2 r V2  q 2  r1 
2  4   2
2 2
dx  0  d  x 
2
220  q   3r 
   
V2  27q   r 
d2u  2dq 2  1 2 d2
At x  0,     2d    220 1
dx 2  40  d 6 0 d3  
V2 9
which is less than zero. Hence, the equilibrium of charge q at O  V2  220  9  1980 Volt
is unstable.

NEET - 2021 NEET - 2022

1. Electric lines of force is perpendicular to the
1. For a conducting sphere
equipotential surface.
 R
E , V 2. q  CV  900pF 100V  90nC
0 0
as both spheres have same potential after connecting with wire,
 q / 2 2  q / 2  2 q 2 90  109  90  109 103
V1  V2 , 1R1   2R 2 W   
2C 2C 4C 4  900 1012
 R 9
 1 2   106  2.25J
 2 R1 4
C B C
3. –q L +q
C A B
2. A B Electric field due to dipole
C B C
2KP
(one capacitor gets short) E
R3
 Ceq  C1  C 2 1
CC E
R3
 2C
4. Potential on sphere surface
1 1  A
3. E  CV 2   0   Ed 2 kq V  kq ; V  kq
2 2 d  V , 1 r 2
r 1 r2
1
 0 E 2 Ad  R1  R 2 So V1  V2
2
4. Polar molecules have centres of positive and negative
charges separated by some distance, so they have NEET - 2022 (Re-Exam)
permanent dipole moment.
  A 0
5. E1  E 2 1. C
d
as field lines are closer at charge +q,
so net force on the dipole acts towards right side. A
0
C
A system always moves to decrease it’s potential energy. C'  2 
2d 4

2. Let the capacitances are C1 and C2

qE qE
In series Ceff  3 F
E
E1 E2
C1C2
  3F ....(i)
C1  C2

In parallel Ceff  16 F

50
 Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
 C1  C2  16 F ....(ii)
5cm
From (i) & (ii)
C1C2  48 F -q q
4.
2 2
 C1  C 2    C1  C 2   4C1C 2
C1  C2  8 F ....(iii) 8cm
From (ii) & (iii)
Kq Kq
C1  12 F,C2  4 F v 2

2  10 8 102
kq1q 2 3
   Kq    10 2
2
FG 2 k 1.6  1019 8
 r 
3. FG Gm1m 2 G 1.67  9.11  1058
r2
k 1.6  1.6  1038
2.4  1039 
G 1.67  9.11  1058

k
 10 20
G
4. Potential at the centre of hexagon is zero.

+q –q
d d

–q d d
+q
O
d
d d
+q –q
V0  0
 w 0  qv  q 0  0 
=0

NEET - 2023
 
1.  on a dipole  p  E
  pE sin 
4  q    E  sin 30
1
4  q  2  102  2  105 
2
q  2  10 3
q  2mC
3 6
2. C AB   2F
36
6F
A B
3F
3. closed  0
So in  out

Number of field lines entering is equal number of field lines leaving.

51