MINTAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL

Davao-Bukidnon Road, Mintal, Davao City

MATHEMATICS 10
NAME:_________________________________ SECTION:______________ TEACHER:________________
MEASURES OF POSITION

The measure of central tendency is the point about which the scores tend to cluster or the
value to be expected of a typical or middle data point. This measure of position is a single figure which
represents the general level of values of the items of a given set of data.

QUANTILES

Values which divide a set of data into equal parts are called quantiles. The quantile which
divide the distribution into four equal parts are called quartiles; those which divide the distribution into
ten parts are called deciles; and those which divide the distribution into one hundred parts are called
percentiles.

QUARTILES FOR UNGROUPED DATA

Quartiles – the score points which divide a distribution into four equal parts. Twenty five
percent (25%) of the distribution fall below the first quartile (Q1),fifty percent (50%) fall below the
second quartile (Q2) and seventy-five percent (75%) fall below the third quartile (Q3).

Q1 Q2 Q3
1 1 3
4 2 4
25% 50% 75%
Q1 – lower quartile Q2 - median Q3 – upper quartile

Interquartile Range – the difference between Q3 and Q1.

Example :
The owner of a coffee shop recorded the number of customers who came into his café each hour in a
day. The results were 14,10,12,9,17,5,8,9,14, 10 and 11. Find the lower quartile and upper quartile of
the data.

Solution:
• ARRANGE the data in ASCENDING ORDER(lowest to highest).
The data are 5,8,9,9,10,10,11,12,14,14,17
•The least/smallest value is 5 and the greatest is 17.
•The middle value in the data is 10, so Q2 (middle quartile) is 10.
•The lower quartile is the value that is between the middle value and the least value in the data set.
So Q1 or the lower quartile is 9.
•The upper quartile is the value that is between the middle value and the greatest value in the data set.
So Q3 or the upper quartile is 14.

Mendenhall and Sincich Method

This method is applicable in finding the quartile values.

1
To find the LOWER QUARTILE ( L )or Position of Q1 = (n + 1) and round to the nearest integer. If L falls
4
halfway between two integers, ROUND UP. The Lth element is the lower quartile value.
3
To find the UPPER QUARTILE ( U ) or Position of Q3 = ( n + 1 ) and round to the nearest integer. If U
4
falls halfway between two integers, ROUND DOWN. The Uth element is the upper quartile value ( Q3 ).
Example
Given the following data:
30 , 3, 21, 1, 7, 16 , 7, 27, 31
Step 1. Arrange the data in ascending order
1 , 3 , 7 , 7, 16 , 21 , 27 , 30 , 31 and n = 9
1
To find Q1, locate its position using the formula ( n + 1 ) and round off to the nearest integer.
4
1
Position of Q1 = (n+1)
4
1
= (9+1)
4
1
= ( 10 )
4
= 2.5 this becomes 3 after rounding up. This means that the lower quartile value (Q1) is
the 3rd data element, so Q1 = 7
3
To find Q3, locate its position using the formula (n+1).
4
3
Position of Q3 = (n+1)
4
3
= (9+1)
4
3
= ( 10 )
4
= 7.5 using the idea that if U falls halfway between two integers,
You ROUND DOWN. The computed value7.5 becomes 7 after rounding down. The upper quartile value
(Q3) is the 7th data, so Q3 = 27.
The Interquartile Range is 27 – 7 = 20

Using the Mendenhall and Sincich Method, the upper quartile (Q 3) and lower quartile (Q1) are always
two of the data elements. Another method is Linear Interpolation (page 369) of your Math 10 Module.

Activity No. 1
Group 1
1.Given the data below, find the lower quartile of the data.
87 109 79 80 96 95
101 91 78 112 94 98

Group 2
2. The following are the results of Math 10 quiz of selected students.
18 , 10 , 12 , 9 , 17 , 12 , 20 , 15 , 14 , 18 , 16 , 20 , 7 , 13 , 19, 12 , 10 , 15 , 11 , 20 , 17
Find the following
a) Lower quartile ( Q1)
b) Median or middle quartile (Q2)
c) Upper quartile (Q3)
d) Interquartile Range

DECILES FOR UNGROUPED DATA

Deciles are the nine score points which divide a distribution into ten equal parts. They are
denoted as D1, D2, D3,…D9. They are computed in the same way that the quartiles are calculated.

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9
Example
The following are the results of Math 10 quiz of 17 students.
12 , 10 , 13 , 9 , 18 , 12 , 20 , 11 , 14 , 16 , 16 , 6 , 7 , 13 , 18 , 15 ,19
Find 1) D3
2) D6
3) D8

Solution :
First, arrange the scores in ascending order.
7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 12 , 13 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 16 , 18 , 18 , 19 , 20 and n = 17
1. To find D3
3
Position of D3 = (n+1)
10
3
= ( 17 + 1 )
10
3
= ( 18 )
10
= 5.4 ≈ 5 so D3 is the 5th element.
Therefore, D3 = 11
2. To find D6
6
Position of D6 = (n+1)
10
6
= ( 17 + 1 )
10
6
= ( 18 )
10
= 10.8 ≈ 11 so D6 is the 11th element.
Therefore, D6 = 15
3. To find D8
8
Position of D8 = (n+1)
10
8
= ( 17 + 1 )
10
8
= ( 18 )
10
= 14.4 ≈ 14 so D8 is the 14th element.
Therefore, D8 = 18.

Activity No. 2
Group 1
1.Given the data below, find the second and 5th deciles of the data.
87 109 79 80 96 95
101 91 78 112 94 98

Group 2
2. The following are the results of Math 10 quiz of selected students.
18 , 10 , 12 , 9 , 17 , 12 , 20 , 15 , 14 , 18 , 16 , 20 , 7 , 13 , 19 , 14 , 20 , 16 , 18 , 19
Find the following
a) D3
b) D4
c) D7
d) D9

PERCENTILE FOR UNGROUPED DATA

The percentiles are the ninety-nine score points which divides a distribution into
one hundred equal parts, so that each part represents the data set. For example, the first percentile (P 1)
separates the lowest 1% from the other 99%, the second percentile(P 2) separates the lowest 2% from
the other 98%, and so on.

Q1 Q2 Q3
P25 P50 P75

P10 P20 P30 P40 P50 P60 P70 P80 P90

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9

The percentiles determine the value for 1%, 2%,…,and 99% of the data. P30 or 30th percentile of the
data means 30% of the data have values less than or equal to P30. The 1st decile is the 10th percentile
(P10). It means 10% of the data is less than or equal to the value of P10 or D1, and so on.

Example
The following are the results of Math 10 quiz of 17 students.
12 , 10 , 13 , 9 , 18 , 12 , 20 , 11 , 14 , 16 , 16 , 6 , 7 , 13 , 18 , 15 ,19
Find 1) P30 or the 30th percentile
2. P65 or the 65th percentile

Solution:
First, arrange the scores in ascending order.
7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 12 , 13 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 16 , 18 , 18 , 19 , 20 and n = 17
1. To find P30
30
Position of P30 = (n+1)
100
30
= ( 17 + 1 )
100
30
= ( 18 )
100
= 5.4 ≈ 5 so P30 is the 5th element.
Therefore, P30 = 11
2. To find P65
65
Position of P65 = (n+1)
100
65
= ( 17 + 1 )
100
65
= ( 18 )
100
= 11.7 ≈ 12 so P65 is the 12th element.
Therefore, P65 = 16

Activity No. 3
Group 1
1.Given the data below, find the 45th and 73rd percentiles of the data.
87 109 79 80 96 95 90 92 96 98
101 91 78 112 94 98 94 107 81 96

Group 2
2. The following are the results of Math 10 quiz of 15 students.
18 , 10 , 12 , 9 , 17 , 12 , 20 , 15 , 14 , 18 , 16 , 20 , 7 , 13 , 19
Find the following
a) P10
b) P35
c) P60
d) P80
Name: _______________________________ Section:________________

Performance Task

Conduct a survey regarding the time (in hour) spent using CPs of 40 students at Mintal Comprehensive
High School.

Name Grade Level Section LRN Time spent Signature

using CPs
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How to interpret the result of quartiles:

For example a survey conducted about the height of 400 Grade 10 students of
Mintal comprehensive High School and it shows the following results:

Q1 = 1.46 m It means that 25% (0.25 x 400 = 100 ) of MCHS students have an height or shorter than
1.46 meters.
It means that 75%(0.75 x 400 = 300 ) of MCHS students have an height more than 1.46
meters.

Q2 = 1.63 m It means that 50%(0.50 x 400 = 200 ) of MCHS students have an height or shorter than
1.63 meters.
It means that 50%(0.50 x 400 = 200 ) of MCHS students have an height more than 1,63
meters.

Q3 = 1.71 m It means that 75%(0.75 x 400 = 300 ) of MCHS students have an height or shorter than
1.71 meters.
It means that 25%(0.25 x 400 = 100) of MCHS students have an height more than 1.71
meters.

ACTIVITY NO. 1
1. The result of the study conducted to 60 students of Grade 10 Maluloy –on in their daily
allowance shows that Q1 is equal to P 27.50, how will you interpret the result?
2. The result of the study conducted to 86 tricycle and Payong-Payong drivers of barangy Mintal in
their daily gasoline consumption shows that Q2 is equal to 8.5 liters, how will you interpret the
result?
3. How will you interpret the result of the study conducted to160 Grade 12 students of Mintal
Comprehensive High School on the time spent in using their gadget (like cp,tablet etc) which
shows that Q3 is equal to 6.25 hours?

Example
Given the following dat